一般將來時和一般過去時知識點及練習(xí)

一般將來時和一般過去時知識點及練習(xí)一般將來時和一般過去時知識點及練習(xí)一般將來時和一般過去時知識點及練習(xí)xxx公司一般將來時和一般過去時知識點及練習(xí)文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度一般將來時A、概念B、一般將來時的形式●will常簡略為'll，并與主語連寫在一起，如：I'll，he'll，it'll，we'll，you'll，they'll?！褚话阋蓡柧淙缬肳illyou…其簡略答語須是Yes，Iwill或No，Iwillnot；如用Shallyou…（較少見）其簡略答語須是Yes，Ishall．或No，Ishallnot．。C、一般將來時的用法1）表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)一般將來時常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用，如：tomorrow（明天），nextweek（下周），fromnowon（從現(xiàn)在開始）；inthefuture（將來）等。2）表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，其表達形式除了“shall（第一人稱），will（第二、三人稱）+動詞原形構(gòu)成”外，還有以下幾種形式。1）“tobegoingto+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進行的事。例如：①Itisgoingtorain.要下雨了。②Wearegoingtohaveameetingtoday.今天我們開會。2）go，come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等可用進行時態(tài)表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作，例如：I'mleavingforBeijing.我要去北京。3）“beto+動詞原形”表示按計劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對方意見。例如：①Arewetogoonwiththiswork我們繼續(xù)干嗎②Theboyistogotoschooltomorrow.這個男孩明天要去上學(xué)。4）“beaboutto+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟時間狀語。例如：Weareabouttoleave.我們馬上就走。5）某些詞，如come，go，leave，arrive，start，get，stay等的一般現(xiàn)在時也可表示將來。①Themeetingstartsatfiveo'clock.會議五點開始。②Hegetsoffatthenextstop.他下一站下車D、一般將來時特點

1)WhichparagraphshallIreadfirstWillyoubeathomeatseventhisevening2)begoingto+不定式，表示將來。a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrowb.計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式，意為馬上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。E、一般將來時常見用法1、表示將要發(fā)生的動作。例如：Ishallgotoseeafriendthisevening.2、3、will用于第二人稱的問句里，征求對方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請或命令。例如：Willyoupleasereadtheword4、begoingto打算、準(zhǔn)備做某事或即將發(fā)生的事。例如：Wearegoingtoplanttrees.這種時態(tài)由be的將來時形式+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。如主語為第一人稱，除在疑問句外will要比shall更常用.可用做一般進行時；也可表示不含意圖又未發(fā)生的動作。5、betodo按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事或征求對方意見。例如：Whenistheswimmingpooltoopen6、begoing在go,come,leave,stay等按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事中。這些動詞經(jīng)常具有趨向性。例如：Theyareleavingheretomorrow.Fbegoingto和will區(qū)別begoingto與will兩者都可表示將要發(fā)生的事、將要去做某事，但它們有如下幾點區(qū)別：1.begoingto表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來時間則較遠一些，如：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.2.begoingto表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.3.begoingto含有“計劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒有這個意思，如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.4.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will,如：Ifanybeastscomesatyou,I'llstaywithyouandhelpyou.在下列情況下用will:1.根據(jù)說話者的見解和觀點對未來作出預(yù)言時IthinkSmileywillmakeagoodfootballer.SmithwillbeatPattersonwithaknock-outinthesecondround.2.在說話時突然作出的決定時，一般用will的縮約式’llI’mtired.IthinkI’llgotobed.—Cometosupper.—OK,thanks.I’llbringabottle.3.表示意圖、提議、許諾、自愿做某事或堅持做某事時—There’sthedoor-bell.—I’llgo.Iwillstopsmoking—Ireallywill!4.表示請求和邀請時WillyougivemeahandWillyoucomeinandhaveadrink5.表示命令或威脅時Youwillstartworkatsixo’clock.I’llbeatyouifyoudothatagain.6.表示習(xí)慣和規(guī)律時Shewillgreetmewhenshemeetsme.Manwilldie.在下列情況下用begoingto1.根據(jù)現(xiàn)在所見，預(yù)計不久肯定會發(fā)生的事情時Look!—it’sgoingtorain!Thecarisgoingtoturnover.2.談及打算或事先決定了的事情時Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup—Whyhaveyoutornthepaperintopieces—Iamgoingtorewriteit.一般過去時態(tài)A、概念表示在的過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時間的詞或詞組。如：yesterday，yesterdaymorning，yesterdayafternoon，yesterdayevening，thedaybeforeyesterday（前天），lastnight，lastweek，lastmonth，lastyear，amomentago（剛才），justnow（剛才），twodaysago，aweekago，in1990等。如：Iwenttobedatelevenlastnight.昨晚我11：00睡覺。B、動詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律(一)規(guī)則動詞的過去式1、一般情況下，在動詞原形后面加-ed；如：look→lookedplay→played；2、以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加-d；如：live→liveduse→used；3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，先將y改為i,再加–ed；如：study→studied,try→triedfly→flied4、以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音＋元音＋輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，要先雙寫這個輔音字母后，再加–ed。如：stop→stoppedplan→planned；(二)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式（后附不規(guī)則動詞變化表）1、改變動詞中的元音；begin→begandrink→drankcome→cameeat→ategrow→grewrun→ranknow→knewwin→wonspeak→spoketake→tookwrite→wroteget→got2、變詞尾的–d為–t；build→builtlend→lentsend→sentspend→spentbend→bent3、與動詞原形一樣；cut→cutput→putcost→costhurt→hurtshut→shut4、變-ay為-aid(少數(shù)動詞)；say→saidpay→paidlay→laid5、采用不同詞根；sell→soldteach→taughtbuy→bought6、其他。如：am/is→wasare→werehave/has→haddo→didC、句式變化（一）一般過去時的一般疑問句1、把was,were放在句首，其余位置不變。由Was…引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定答為：Yes，…was.否定回答為：No，….wasn’t.由Were…引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答為：Yes，…were.否定回答為：No，…weren’t.如：（1）IwasborninShanghai.→WereyouborninShanghai→Yes,Iwas.(肯定回答)→No,Iwasn’t.(否定回答)（2）TheywereinLiYan’shomelastnight.→WeretheyinLiYan’shomelastnight→Yes,theywere.(肯定回答)→No,theyweren’t.(否定回答)2、在行為動詞的句子中，要用助動詞詞did來引導(dǎo)，其余的語序不變。要注意的是，要把行為動詞的過去式改為原形?？隙ɑ卮馂椋篩es,…did.否定回答：No,…didn’t.如：Johnplayedcomputergameslastnight.→DidJohnplaycomputergameslastnight→Yes,hedid.(肯定回答)→No,hedidn’t.(否定回答)D一般過去時的否定句1、在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中，相接在was,were的后面加上not。如：（1）Hewasintheparkthedaybeforeyesterday.→Hewasnotintheparkthedaybeforeyesterday.(2)Wewerebusylastweek.→Wewerenotbusylastweek.2、在表示過去的時間發(fā)生的動作的句子中，要在行為動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t.然后把過去式的行為動詞改為動詞原形。即：didn’t+動詞原形。如：（1）Sheplayedtheviolinlastnight.→Shedidn’tplaytheviolinlastnight.(2)Theyswaminthelakeyesterday.→Theydidn’tswiminthelakeyesterday.F一般過去式的特殊疑問句did…（主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情，注意要把過去式改為動詞原形。）WeateChinesefoodlastnight.→Whatdidweeatlastnightdid(主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。)Theysanganddanceinthemusicroomyesterdaymorning.→Wheredidtheysinganddanceyesterdaymorning+動詞過去式…(主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。)MikeandTomclimbedmountainslastweekend.→WhoclimbedmountainslastweekendG、句子結(jié)構(gòu)1、在表示某個時間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子，系動詞用過式was，were構(gòu)成。如：（1）Iwasathomeyesterday.昨天我在家。（2）Wewereinthegymjustnow.剛才我們在體育館。2、在表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作，用動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。如：Ivisitedmyuncleyesterday.昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。3．各種句式（1）一般過去時的肯定陳述句：主語＋動詞過去式＋賓語或表語。HeworkedinShanghaitenyearsago.（2）一般過去時的否定句：a．主語＋didn’t＋動詞原形＋賓語。(did+not=didn't)Hedidn'tdomorningexercisesyesterday.b．主語＋wasn’t/weren’t＋表語。(was+not=wasn'twere+not=weren't)Hewasn'tanEnglishteachertenyearsago.（3）一般過去時的一般疑問句：a．Did＋主語＋動詞原形＋賓語DidyoustudyEnglishin1990b．Was/Were+主語＋表語Washeapupilfiveyearsago（4）一般過去時的特殊疑問句：a．特殊疑問詞＋did+主語＋動詞原形＋賓語WheredidyourparentslivefiveyearsagoWhatdidyoudolastSundayb．特殊疑問詞＋were/was＋表語Whowasatthezooyesterday幾種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成匯總一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律1、規(guī)則變化1)一般情況直接在詞尾加-s.如：chair—chairs；apple—apples；grape—grapes；desk—desks等。2）3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加es，baby—babies；city—cities；family—families等。4）以f或fe結(jié)尾的將f或fe直接換成ves.如：knife—knives；thief—thieves；shelf—shelves等。2、不規(guī)則變化1）沒有規(guī)律的變化。如：child—children；foot—feet；tooth—teeth；mouse—mice；woman—women等。2）單復(fù)同形。如：deer—deer；sheep—sheep；fish—fish；yuan—yuan；tofu—tofu；pork—pork等。3）二、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則1）直接在動詞后+s.如：like—likes；play—plays；read—reads；get—gets；help—helps；ski—skis等。3）以輔音+o接尾的動詞：+es.如：go—goes；do—does等。4）以輔音+y接尾的動詞：變y為i+es.如：fly—flies；study—studies；carry—carries；sky—skies等。末尾字母y前為元音字母的，直接在動詞后面加-s.如：play—plays；say—says等。5）特殊變化。如：be—is；have—has等。這些沒有規(guī)律，需要加強記憶。三、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成1）一般情況在動詞原形后加-ing.如：go—going；stand—standing；climb—climbing等。2）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e，再加-ing.如：write—writing；hope—hoping；care—caring等。3）以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞應(yīng)先將e去掉，將i變成y然后再加-ing.如：die—dying，tie—tying等。4）如果動詞最后一音節(jié)為重讀閉音節(jié)，最后一個字母需要重復(fù).如：run—running；stop—stopping；hop—hopping；plan—planning；star—starring；get—getting等.但輔音x是個例外，無需重復(fù)（x其實起著兩個輔音的作用）。如：tax—taxing，relax—relaxing等。5）以-ee，-oe，-ye結(jié)尾的動詞加-ing時應(yīng)保留詞尾e.如：see—seeing；hoe—hoeing；eye—eyeing等。6）以-ue結(jié)尾的動詞大多應(yīng)先去e再加-ing.如：sue—suing；imbue—imbuing；rue—ruing等。7）以-ic結(jié)尾的動詞應(yīng)先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing.如：frolic—frolicking；panic—panicking；mimic—mimicking；picnic—picnicking；traffic—trafficking等。四、人稱代詞的變化形式主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單數(shù)I我me我my我的mine我的myself我自己復(fù)數(shù)we我們us我們our我們的ours我們的ourselves我們自己第二人稱單數(shù)you你you你your你的yours你的yourself你自己復(fù)數(shù)you你們you你們your你們的yours你們的yourselves你們自己第三人稱單數(shù)he他him他his他的his他的himself他自己she她her她her她的hers她的herself她自己it它it它its它的its它的itself它自己復(fù)數(shù)they（他/她/它）們them(他/她/它)們their(他/她/它）們的theirs(他/她/它）們的themselves他們自己五、動詞的過去式變化1、規(guī)則變化1）2）以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾動詞，在動詞詞尾加-d.如：live—lived；move—moved；decide—decided等。3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i再加-ed.如：study—studied；try—tried；cry--cried等。4）2、不規(guī)則變化的動詞有很多，規(guī)律性不強，需要加強記憶。三．鞏固練習(xí)。()1.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtoC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe()2.Charlie________herenextmonth.A.isn’tworkingB.doesn’tworkingC.isn’tgoingtoworkingD.won’twork()________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe()4.There________adolphin(海豚)showinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe()5.–______you______freetomorrow–No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbe()________meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgivesB.willgiveC.givesD.give()7.–ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou–________.（不，不要。）A.No,youwon’t.B.No,youaren’t.C.No,pleasedon’t.D.No,please.()8.–Whereisthemorningpaper–I________itforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget()9.________aconcertnextSaturdayA.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare()10.Iftheycome,we________ameeting.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhave()11.He________herabeautifulhatonhernextbirthday.A.givesB.gaveC.willgivingD.isgoingtogive()12.He________tousassoonas（一…就）hegetsthere.A.writesB.haswrittenC.willwriteD.wrote()13.He________inthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC.willcomebackD.isgoingtocomingback()15.–Willhisparentsgotoseehisgrandparentstomorrow–No,________（不去）.A.theywilln’t.B.theywon’t.C.theyaren’tD.theydon’t.()16.Who________we________swimmingwithtomorrowafternoonA.will;goB.do;goC.will;goingD.shall;go()17.We________theworkthiswaynexttime.A.doB.willdoC.goingtodoD.willdoing()18.Tomorrowhe________akiteintheopenairfirst,andthen________boatinginthepark.A.willfly;willgoB.willfly;goesC.isgoingtofly;willgoesD.flies;willgo()19.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.A.willwatchB.watchesC.iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch()20.There________abirthdaypartythisSunday.A.shallbeB.willbeC.shallgoingtobeD.willgoingtobe()21.They________anEnglisheveningnextSunday.A.arehavingB.aregoingtohaveC.willhavingD.isgoingtohave()22.________you________freenextSundayA.Will;areB.Will;beC.Do;beD.Are;be()23.He________thereattentomorrow.willB.isC.willbeD.be()24.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibraryA.Are;goingtoborrowB.Is;goingtoborrowC.Will;borrowsD.Are;goingtoborrows()25.–ShallIcomeagaintomorrowafternoon–________（好的）.A.Yes,pleaseB.Yes,youwill.C.No,please.D.No,youwon’t.()26.It________theyearofthehorsenextyear.A.isgoingtobeB.isgoingtoC.willbeingD.willis()27.________openthewindowA.WillyoupleaseB.PleasewillyouC.YoupleaseD.Doyou()28.–Let’sgoouttoplayfootball,shallwe–OK.I________.A.willcomingB.begoingtocomeC.comeD.amcoming()29.It________usalongtimetolearnEnglishwell.A.takesB.willtakeC.spendsD.willspend()30.Thetrain________at11.A.goingtoarriveB.willbearriveC.isgoingtoD.isarriving2、動詞填空。.I______（leave）inaminute...—Howlong_____you_____（study）inourcountry—I_____（plan）tobehereforaboutonemore_____（hope）tovisittheotherpartsofyourcountry.—What______you______（do）afteryou______（leave）here—I______（return）homeand______（get）ajob..I______（be）tired.I______（go）tobedearlytonight..Mary’sbirthdayisnextMonday.Hermother_____（give）herapresent..Itisverycoldthesedays.It______（snow）soon..—_____you_____（be）herethisSaturday—No.I______（visit）myteacher..—______I______（get）youacopyoftoday’snewspaper—Thankyou..Iamafraidthere______（be）ameetingthisafternoon.Ican’tjoinyou..Mostofusdon’tthinktheirteam______（win）.3、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。.Peopleinthenorthoftengoskatinginwinter.（nextwinter）.Therearetwocinemasinthattown.（nextyear）.Hecomesbacklate.（intwodays）.Sheisaconductorofatrain.（soon）.LiMingistenyearsold.（nextyear）.Isometimeswritetomymotherintheevening.（tonight）.Hewenttherebyplane.（somedaynextyear）.Chinaisamodernandstrongcountry.（intwentyyears）.Doyoustudyhard（fromnowon）.Shedidn’tspeakEnglishatthemeeting.（soon）.Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑問句：________________________________________對劃線部分提問：____________________________________.Therewereaboutninehundredpeopleattheconcert.(音樂會)否定句：__________________________________________一般疑問句：________________________________________對劃線部分提問：____________________________________.Therewasonlyoneproblem.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑問句：________________________________________肯定/否定回答：____________________________________Anndidherhomeworkyesterdayevening.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑問句：________________________________________對劃線部分提問：____________________________________.LastweekIreadanEnglishbook.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑問句：________________________________________肯定/否定回答：____________________________________對劃線部分提問：____________________________________.Mybrotherwasintheparkjustnow.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑問句：________________________________________肯定/否定回答：____________________________________對劃線部分提問：____________________________________.Shehadsomebreadforlunchtoday.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑問句：________________________________________肯定/否定回答：____________________________________對劃線部分提問：____________________________________.TheyreadEnglishlastnight.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑問句：________________________________________肯定/否定回答：____________________________________對劃線部分提問：____________________________________4、寫出下列動詞的三單現(xiàn)、過去式和現(xiàn)在分詞go____________________enjoy______________________buy___________________eat____________________get_____________________walk_______________________take__________________dance______________________write___________________run____________________swim_____________________find_____________________begin__________________eat___________________play___________________study____________________5.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。.TomandMary___________(come)toChinalastmonth..Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.Sohe______(get)uplate..Mary__________(read)Englishyesterdaymorning..There_________(be)noonehereamomentago..I___________(call)Mikethismorning.6.Ilistenedbut___________(hear)nothing..Tom___________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear..Lastweekwe_________(pick)manyapplesonthefarm..Mymother________________(notdo)houseworkyesterday..ShewatchesTVeveryevening.Butshe____________(notwatch)TVlastnight.．________yourfather________(go)toworkeverydaylastyear．--Whattime_______you_______(get)toBeijingyesterday--We__________(get)toBeijingat9:00intheevening..What__________(make)himcryjustnow.Lastyeartheteacher___________(tell)usthattheearthmovesaroundthesun..There____________atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be).There__________notenoughpeopletopickapplesthatday.(be).There_____________(benot)anyhospitalsinmyhometown(家鄉(xiāng))in1940..There____________enoughmilkathomelastweek,wasn’tthere.Eli____________toJapanlastweek.(move).–When_______you_________(come)tochinaLastyear..Didshe________(have)supperathome.Jack____________(notclean)theroomjustnow.._________(be)itcoldinyourcityyesterday.Howmanypeople________(be)thereinyourclasslastterm.It________(be)hotyesterdayandmostchildren_______(be)outside..There________(be)afootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI_________(have)notimetowatchit.6.請用正確動詞形式填空。.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterdayNo,she_________..What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayeveningHe________(watch)TVand__________(re