商務(wù)契約關(guān)系Outcome1

商務(wù)契約關(guān)系Outcome1商務(wù)契約關(guān)系Outcome1商務(wù)契約關(guān)系Outcome1xxx公司商務(wù)契約關(guān)系Outcome1文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度CASE1:Q1:IsMaggieentitledtobringalegalactionagainstThunderbolt&LightningforsellingheradefectivetumbledryerandwillitmatterthatshepurchasedthegoodsinasaleYes,MaggieisentitledtobringalegalactionagainstThunderbolt&LightningforsellingheradefectivetumbledryerintermsoftheSaleofGoodsAct1979(asamended).Thunderbolt&LightningwillbeinbreachofSection14ofthe1979Act.ThestorehasbrokenoneoftheimpliedtermsoftheSaleofGoodsAct1979(Sections12-15)whicharealwaysassumedtoformpartofeverycontractofsale.Section14alsostatesthatgoodswillbeofsatisfactoryqualityiftheymeetthestandardthatareasonablepersonwouldregardassatisfactory,takingaccountofanydescriptionofthegoods,theprice(ifrelevant)andalltheotherrelevantcircumstances.Section14listsfiveexamplesofqualitythatbuyerscanusetohelpthemdecidewhetherthegoodsthattheyhavepurchasedfallbelowtheexpectedstandardofquality:fitnessforallthepurposesforwhichgoodsofthekindinquestionarecommonlysuppliedappearanceandfinishfreedomfromminordefectssafetydurabilityThetumbledryerisnotfitforitspurpose,itisunsafeanditisnotdurable.TheprotectionwhichSection14givestobuyersisonlyapplicableinsituationswherethesellerissellingthegoodsinthecourseofbusiness.Maggie,ofcourse,haspurchasedthegoodsfromabusinessseller.WillitmakeadifferencethatMaggiepurchasedthegoodsinasaleNo.Theonlyexceptionswillbewhendetectswerespecificallydrawntothebuyer’sattentionbytheseller.Furthermore,ifthebuyerexaminedthegoodsbeforepurchasingthemandnoticedanyobviousdefects,she/hewillnothavetheprotectionofSectionl4.Moregenerally,thebuyer’sclaimthatgoodswerenotofsatisfactoryqualitywillbedefeatedifthegoodshavebeensubjecttowearandtear,thebuyerhasmisusedthegoodsorthebuyernowhassimplytakenadisliketothegoods.Section48A(3)oftheSaleofGoodsAct1979nowstatesthattherewillbeastrongpresumptionoperatingagainstthesellerthatifthegoodsdevelopdefectswithinsixmonthsfromthedateofdeliverytothebuyer.Thentheywillprobablyhavefailedtomeettherequirementofsatisfactoryquality.Candidatesmustbeabletociteatleastoneofthefollowing:JacksonvRotaxMotorandCycleCo[1910]GrantvAustralianKnittingMillsLtd[1936]MashandMurrellvJosephIEmmanuel[196/],[1962]BartlettvSidneyMarcusLtd[1965]BSBrown&SonLtdvCraiksLtd[1970]MillarsofFalkirkvTurpie[1976]Q2:Whatlegalaction,ifany,canCharliepursueasaresultoftheinjuriesthathehassufferedCharliewillnotbeentitledtobringanactionunderSection14oftheSaleofGoodsActl979,becausehedoesnothaveacontractualrelationshipwithThunderbolt&Lightning.CharlieisinamuchstrongerlegalpositionthankstoPartIoftheConsumerProtectionActl987whichallowshimtopursueacivilclaimfordamagesagainstthemanufacturerofthetumbledryerinrespectofhisinjuries.PartloftheConsumerProtectionActestablishesaregimeofstrictliabilityinrelationtodefectiveproductswhichcausedamagetootherpropertyand/orinjuriestopeoplewhowereinjuredasaresultofusingtheproductorwhocameintoclosecontactwiththeproduct.Strictliabilityautomaticallypresumesthatthedefectintheproductmustbethefaultoftheproducerofthegoods.Themanufacturermustcomeupwithacredibleexplanationtoshowwhyshe/heisnottoblamefortheinjuriesorlossthatthepursuer(Charlie)hassuffered.The1987Actappliestodangerousproductswhicharecapableofcausingdamagetothepursuer’spropertyorcapableofcausingthepursuertosuffersomesortofpersonalinjury.Thefactthattheproductisnotworkingproperlywillnotgiveapursuertherighttoraiseanactionagainstthedefender.Manyproductsaredefectivewithoutbeingdangerousinanyway.Q3:DoyouthinkthatThunderbolt&LightningwillbeabletoescapeliabilitytoMaggiebyclaimingthatthemanufacturerwasresponsibleforthedefectsinthegoodsNo.Thunderbolt&Lightning’sattempttoescapeliabilitytoMaggiebyclaimingthatthemanufacturerwasresponsibleforthedefectsinthegoodswillfallfouloftheconceptofstrictliabilityintheSaleofGoodsAct1979.Thebuyer’scontractiswiththeselleranditisirrelevanttothebuyerwhetherthedefecthasbeencausedbyamanufacturingfaultornot.Theseller’sliabilityissaidtobestrictinthesensethatthebuyerdoesnothavetoprovefaultorblameontheseller’spart.Asellercaninturnsuethemanufacturerforsupplyingitwithdefectivegoodsifthebuyerhassuccessfullysuedhim/herfordefectsinthegoods.Thebuyermayhavesufferedapersonalinjuryorhis/herpropertymayhavebeendamagedasaresultofusingthedefectivegoods.Thesellerwillhavetocompensatethebuyerforanyinjuriessufferedoranydamagecausedasaresultofusingthegoods.So,compensationcouldbeawardedforthedestructioncausedtoMaggie’skitchenandclothingintheapplianceatthetimeoffire.Manufacturingguaranteesmayalsogiveanindicationastothelengthoftimethatabuyercanexpectthegoodstomeettheappropriatestandardofquality.Thismightbeastrongindicationofamajordefect.Section14oftheSaleofGoodsActl979statesthatmanufacturingguaranteesaredirectlyenforceableagainstthemanufacturerandanyperson(Thunderbolt&Lightning)whousesaguaranteetosellormarketthegoodstoaconsumer.Q4:DoyouthinkthatThunderbolt&LightningwillbeabletorelyontheaboveexclusionclausetoescapeanypotentialliabilitytoMaggieThunderbolt&Lightning’sattempttorelyontheexclusionclausetoescapeanypotentialliabilitytoMaggiewillfailmiserably.Suchanexclusionclauseisnullandvoidbecausethestoreisattemptingtoexcludeitsliabilityforpersonalinjurieswhichitsimplycannotdo.AnyattemptbythestoretoexcludeorlimititsliabilityinrelationtoSection14oftheSaleofGoodsAct1979willbeautomaticallyvoidintermsofSection20oftheUnfairContractTermsAct1977.Furthermore,thereisageneralprovisioninSection16oftheUnfairContractTermsAct1977whichrendersnullandvoidanyattemptbyanindividualtoexcludehis/herliabilityfordeathorpersonalinjuries.Maggieisaconsumerbuyinggoodsforherownprivatepurposesandthestrongestpossibleprotectionisextendedtoconsumersintermsof1977Act.Additionally,thestore’sexclusionclausecouldbechallengedundertheUnfairTermsinConsumerContractsRegulations1999.TheRegulationsapplyatestoffairnessbeforeexclusionorlimitationclausecanberegardedasvoidandunenforceable.Withregardtotheissueofexcludingorlimitingliabilityfordeathorpersonalinjury,theRegulationsstatethatsuchtermsmaybeunfairwhereastheActmakestheseautomaticallyvoid.Q5:PresumingthatMaggie’slegalactionissuccessful,whatremedieswillshebeentitledtoclaimagainstThunderbolt&LightningIfMaggie’slegalactionissuccessful,shewillbeentitledtoclaimtheremediesofrescission.cancellationofthecontractofsaleformaterialbreach(supplyinggoodsofunsatisfactoryquality)anddamagesasperSection15BoftheSaleofGoodsAct1979.Therearevariousremedies:rescissionreductioninthepriceofthegoodreplacementofthegoodsrepairthegoodsCase2Q1:WhatActofParliamentcoversconsumercreditandhowwouldyoudefineaconsumercreditagreementTheConsumerCreditAct1974(asamended)regulatestheconsumercreditindustry.Section8ofthel974Actlaysdownadefinitionofaregulatedconsumercreditagreement.Suchanagreementisapersonalcreditagreementbywhichthecreditorprovidesthedebtorwithcreditnotexceeding￡25,000.Acorporatebody(company,alimitedpartnershiporalimitedliabilitypartnership)cannotbeapartytoaconsumercreditagreement.Q2:ByreferencetoSection75oftheConsumerCreditActl974,describethelegalrelationshipbetweenMarvellousMotorsPLCandAlbaBank.MarvellousMotorsPLChasadebtor-creditor-supplierarrangementwiththeAlbaBank.Debtor-creditor-supplieragreementswherethecreditorandthesupplierofgoodsmaybethesamepersonorwherethesupplierhaslinkstoacreditorwhowillprovidecredittothesupplier’scustomers(thedebtors).Thesupplier(MarvellousMotorsPLC)inadebtor-creditor-supplieragreementistheagentofthefinancehouseorthebank.Thiskindofarrangementbenefitsallthreeparties.Thedebtorisgivenaccesstoasourceofcredit;thesuppliercanbeconfidentofsellingmoregoodsbecauseshe/heisinapositiontooffercredittopotentialcustomersandthefinancehouse/bankgetssomeoneelse(thesupplier)todrumupcustomonitsbehalfDebtor-creditor·-supplieragreements.Section75oftheActallowsadebtortosueeitherthecreditororthesupplierintheabovearrangementforabreachofcontractcommittedbythesupplier(MarvellousMotorsPLC).Section75makesthecreditorandsupplierjointlyandseverallyliabletothedebtorforanymisrepresentationsorbreachesofcontractcommittedbythesupplier.Q3:WhatisthedifferencebetweenacreditsaleandahirepurchaseagreementIncreditsales,thedebtorwillbecometheownerofthegoodsfromtheoutsetoftheagreement.Allthedebtorhastodoismakeregularrepaymentsofthedebtowedtothecreditorovertheagreedcreditperiod.Inhirepurchasesales,thedebtorwillnotbecometheownerofgoodsuntilhehaspaidthecreditoralltheinstalmentsowedundertheagreement.Thedebtorwillbegivenanoptiontopurchasethegoods.Hirepurchasecanneverinvolvethepurchaseofland.Q4:inwhatcircumstancesdodebtorshavetherighttocancelaconsumercreditagreementSection67oftheConsumerCreditAct1974doesallowacreditagreementtobecancelledincertainsituations.Creditagreementscanonlybecancellediftwoconditionsaremet:ifyou,thedebtor,enteredintofacetofacediscussionswiththecreditororthecreditor’sagentswiththeaimofenteringacreditagreement;andthesigningofthecreditagreementbybothpartiesdidnottakeplaceonthecreditor’sbusinesspremisesIfadebtorsignedacreditagreementinhis/herownhomeafterdiscussionswiththecreditor’sagent,thedebtorcantakeadvantageofacooling-offperiod.Thisperiodgivesthedebtortimetodecidewhetherhewishestocanceltheagreementornot.Q5:WhatisthepurposeofconsumercreditlicensesandwillabusinesswhichappliesforalicenseautomaticallybegrantedoneTheConsumerCreditAct1974establishedalicensingsystemwhichcoversallactivitiesrelatingtotheprovisionofcredit.BusinessesorindividualswishingtoprovidecreditfacilitiestomembersofthepublicmustbeinpossessionofalicenceissuedbytheOfficeofFairTrading.Failuretoobtainalicencemeansabusinessoranindividualprovidingcreditcouldfacebothcivilandcriminalpenalties.Anunlicensedcreditormayfindtheyareunabletoenforcetheagreementagainstthedebtor.Licencesarenotjustissuedtoanyone.IfyouhavepreviouslybrokentherulesintheConsumerCreditAct1974,youwillprobablynotbeissuedwithalicence.Criminalconvictionsforviolenceanddishonestyarelikelytoresultintheapplicantbeingrefusedalicence.Alllicenceholdersmustensurethattheyconducttheirbusinessesproperly.AnyundesirableconductontheirpartcouldmeanthattheOfficeofFairTradingmaydecidetosuspendor,evenmoreseriously,withdrawthelicence.Case3Q1:Byre-labellingthebottlesofBulgarianchardonnayaschampagne,whatcriminaloffenceisWulliecommittingandwhichActofParliamentwillhebeinbreachofasaresultofhisac