高考英語(yǔ)It的用法(專項(xiàng)總結(jié)及訓(xùn)練)

高考英語(yǔ)It的用法(專項(xiàng)總結(jié)及訓(xùn)練)高考英語(yǔ)It的用法(專項(xiàng)總結(jié)及訓(xùn)練)高考英語(yǔ)It的用法(專項(xiàng)總結(jié)及訓(xùn)練)V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考高考英語(yǔ)It的用法(專項(xiàng)總結(jié)及訓(xùn)練)日期：20xx年X月It的用法（專項(xiàng)總結(jié)及訓(xùn)練）一、人稱代詞

1，it的最基本用法是作代詞，主要指剛提到的事物，以避免重復(fù):①Theywatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.

2.，也可以指動(dòng)物或嬰兒(未知性別的嬰兒或孩子):②IsthisyourdogNo,itisn’t.③Theygotababyanditwasaten-pounder

3.，也可指抽象事物或指抽象環(huán)境和情景:③Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwithafullmouth.．

二、.非人稱代詞

有時(shí)并不指具體的東西而泛指天氣、時(shí)間、日期、距離、價(jià)值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等：

⑴.指天氣：Itisalovelyday,isn’t

it

⑵.指時(shí)間:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.⑶.指日期:ItisAprilFirsttoday.⑷.指距離:Itissome3000kilometersfromBeijingtoGuangzhou.⑸.指價(jià)值:Itisthreedollars.⑹.指溫度:Todayitis30degreescentigrade.三、其他用法

1.在句子的主語(yǔ)不太明確時(shí)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，表示誰(shuí)在做某事：

①WhoisitthereIt'sI(me/you/he.....).

②IthoughtitwasMary,butitwasnotshe.

③Herface

lightedwhenshesawwhoitwas.

2.泛泛的指某件事：(有時(shí)泛指一般情況)

①Itdoesn’tmatter.

②Itisashame,isn’t

it？

③Howisitgoing(情況怎樣)

④Itsaysinthenewspaperthat......

用在一些詞組中，it沒有特別的意思

Thelasttrain'sgone.Comeon,we'llfootit.(來(lái)，咱們步行吧。)

四、作形式主語(yǔ)，替代主語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞不定式，或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)：

1.作形式主語(yǔ)替代主語(yǔ)從句

⑴Itisclear(obvious，true，possible，certain....)that從句常譯為＂┅清楚的（顯然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂

Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.=That

he’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.

⑵Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural...)that從句常譯為┅是重要的(必要的,對(duì)的,奇怪的,自然的┅).that后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形），should可以省去，建議記住該句型中的形容詞。

①Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.

②Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.

⑶Itissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that從句常譯為＂據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉．．．）＂。

①ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.

②Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.

⑷Itissuggested(advised/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that從句.that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形），should可以?。怀Ｗg為＂據(jù)建議；有命令．．．）

①Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.

②Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.⑸Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that從句(虛擬語(yǔ)氣:動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)did)Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.Itistimeyouboughtanewcar.Itis(high)timeyoumadeupyourmind.⑹Itisthefirst(second...)timethat從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havedone)Itwasthefirst(second...)timethat從句(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone)常譯為＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。

ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere⑺Itisapity(ashame/anhonour/agoodthing/afact,/asurprise/...)that從句.that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常譯為＂竟然＂。沒有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

①Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！

②Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遺憾?、蘄thappens(seems，looks，appears)that從句.常譯為“碰巧…,似乎是…,看起來(lái)…”①Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧．．.

②Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看來(lái)．．．

2.作形式主語(yǔ)替代不定式

.⑴Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)特征的褒義或貶義形容詞。常見的詞有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good（好心的），honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice（有教養(yǎng)的），polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong（錯(cuò)誤的）等。這個(gè)句型可以改寫為：sb.iskindtodosth.。

如:Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.⑵Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth..不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的中性形容詞。常見的形容詞有：important，necessary，naturaleasy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant如:Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.

⑶Ittakessb....todosth.常譯為＂做．．．要花費(fèi)某人．．．＂。

如:IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.3.作形式主語(yǔ)替代動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)

Itisnogood/nouse/uselessdoingsth.常譯為“┅有好處或沒有用”

①ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.

②It'suselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.

五、作形式賓語(yǔ)，代替不定式，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。

Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.該句型中的it作形式賓語(yǔ)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的動(dòng)詞有：think,believe,make,findconsider,feel；如:Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.

HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.

TheInternetmakesiteasierforcompaniestokeepintouchwithcustomers.

六、.it的重要句型

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:Itis/was

+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that從句(被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，that可以由who換用)①Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

②Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.③ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.

④ItwasyesterdaythatImetherinthestreet.

⑤Itisyouthat/whoarewrong.特例:Itisnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以說(shuō)是not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。

ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.

Choosethebestanswer

took

us

over

an

hour

_______

along

the

street.

walk

think

it

a

great

honour

_______to

visit

your

country.

invite

invited

be

invited

people

now

make

_______a

rule

to

buy

cards

for

their

friends

before

Christmas.

4._______is

very

clear

to

everyone

that

he's

round

and

tall

like

a

tree.

the

United

States,

bus

travel

doesn't

cost

much

as

train

travel,

_______？

't

they

it

they

't

it

is

at

the

door,

who

is

_______？

7.—It

is

raining

cats

and

dogs.

—_______

.

it

is

is

it

it

is

is

it

8.—My

home

is

in

that

tall

building

over

there.

—_______

？

it

see

see

it

be

seen

it

it

be

seen

9.

_______

raining

hard

for

3

hours

without

stopping.

is

was

has

been

had

been

10.—Has

the

boy

got

his

bicycle

now？

—Yes,

the

police

gave

_______.

to

him

to

it

to

him

to

it

's

no

use

_____over

spilt

milk.

you

cry

you

to

cry

is

important

_______

their

offer.

reject

_______been

decided

when

we

are

to

hold

the

sports-meeting？

14.—Did

Li

Lei

call

me

while

I

was

out？

—Yes,

it

was

_______

that

called

you.

is

wrong

with

the

radio

_______？

't

it

that

it

't

that

don't

know

_______makes

her

afraid

of

having

her

business

discussed.

it

is

about

Mary

that

is

it

abut

Mary

what

is

it

about

Mary

that

is

about

Mary

what

17..It

was

withgreat

joy

_______he

received

the

news

that

his

long

lost

son

would

return

home

don't

think

_____difficult

for

a

Chinese

student

to

master

a

foreign

language

within

five

years

's

the

second

time

you

_______late

this

week.

arrived

arrived

will

not

be_______we

meet

again.

before

long

after

after

's

demanded

that

we

_______there

on

foot.

to

go

't

go

go

't

go

22.“It”

is

often

used

to

_______a

baby.

to

to

to

to

was

not

until

1936

_______basketball

became

a

regular

part

of

the

Olympic

Games.

24._______you

met

the

Englishman？

it

was

that

it

was

that

was

it

that

was

that

she

has

gone

to

the

United

States？

it

true

it

true

is

true

was

true

26._______certain

that

his

invention

will

lead

to

the

development

of

production.

's

is

's

's

27._______in

1914

_______the

First

World

War

broke

out？

that,

that

that,

when

it.

that

it,

when

is

important

that

she

_______with

Mr

Williams

immediately.

speak

speak

there′s

another

good

harvest

this

year.

says

is

said

was

said

was

said

is

the

first

time

_______the

play.

've

watched

'll

watch

watch

would

watch

參考答案

B

15C

一、it作人稱代詞的用法1.指事物作為人稱代詞，it可以除人以外的一切事物或動(dòng)物。如：Idroppedmywatchanditbroke.我把手表掉在地上摔壞了。It’shardwork,butIenjoyit.工作很辛苦，可是我樂意干?！癢hereisthedog”“It’sinthebedroom.”“狗在哪”“在臥室里”。2.指人it指人主要用于指不性別不明的嬰兒或用于確認(rèn)某人的身份。如：Isitaboyoragirl是男孩還是女孩Thereisaknockonthedoor.Itmustbethepostman.有人在敲門，一定是郵遞員?！菊f(shuō)明】在答語(yǔ)中，常用來(lái)指本人，如說(shuō)It’sme。3.代替某些代詞代詞it還可用于代替指示代詞this,that以及復(fù)合不定代詞something,anything,nothing等。如：“What’sthis”“It’sanewmachine.”“這是什么”“是一種新機(jī)器”。Nothingiswrong,isit沒出什么問(wèn)題，是嗎

二、it作非人稱代詞的用法1.基本用法it作非人稱代詞的用法，主要用于指時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)值、天氣、氣候及溫度等自然現(xiàn)象。如：It’stoolatetogotherenow.現(xiàn)在去那兒已經(jīng)太遲了。Itrainedalldayyesterday.昨天下了一天的雨。Itcangetveryhothere.這里有時(shí)會(huì)很熱。2.用于某些句型It’stimeforsth.該做某事了。It’stimetodosth.該做某事的時(shí)候了。It’stimeforsbtodosth.某人該干某事了。It’s(about/high)time+that-從句.某人該做某事了。(從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式，有時(shí)也用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”)It’sfirst(second)time+that-從句.某人第幾次干某事。(從句謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))It’s+時(shí)間段+since-從句.自從……有一段時(shí)間了。It’s+時(shí)間段+before-從句.過(guò)多長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才……

三、it用作形式主語(yǔ)1.基本用法當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等復(fù)雜成分用作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，而在句首使用形式主語(yǔ)it。如：It’sveryimportanttorememberthis.記住這一點(diǎn)很重要。It’shardworkclimbingmountains.爬山是費(fèi)勁的事。It’sunknownwhenhewillcome.他什么時(shí)候來(lái)還不知道。2.用作形式主語(yǔ)的的重要句型(1)It+be+adj.for(of)sbtodosth某人做某事……Itishardforhimtomakeuphismind.他很難下定決心。Itwasfoolishofhertosaysuchathing.她說(shuō)那樣的話，真是太蠢了。【說(shuō)明】介詞of與for的區(qū)別是：of用于指某人的性格、屬性、特征等，介詞for表示對(duì)象，意為“對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)”(from。(2)Ittakessb+時(shí)間段+todosth.某人做某事花了……時(shí)間Ittakesyearstomasteranewlanguage.要花多年的時(shí)間才能掌握一門新的語(yǔ)言?！菊f(shuō)明】此句型可以有以下多變種變體：Ittookmeanhourtowritetheletter.=Thelettertookmeanhour(towrite).=Itookanhourtowritetheletter.我寫這封信花了一個(gè)小時(shí)。3)Itisuptosbtodosth.該由某人做某事It’suptoyoutotomakethechoice.得由你來(lái)作選擇。(4)itlook(seem,appear,happen,occur)that[asif]…似乎……Itseemedasthoughhedidn’trecognizeme.他似乎沒認(rèn)出我來(lái)。IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.他打電話時(shí)我碰巧不在家。(5)Ifitwerenotfor…/Ifithadn’tbeenfor…若不是因?yàn)椤璉fitwerenotfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.要不是他們幫助，這些困難我們不克服不了的。

四、it用作形式賓語(yǔ)1.基本用法當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等復(fù)雜成分用作賓語(yǔ)且其后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常會(huì)在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)前使用形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)移至句末。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“動(dòng)詞+it+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+不定式(動(dòng)名詞或從句)”。如：Ifinditdifficulttodothejobwell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這件事不容易。Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.我認(rèn)為你最好住這兒。Wethinkitnousecomplaining.我們認(rèn)為抱怨是沒有用的。2.用作形式賓語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)動(dòng)詞+it+that-從句。如：Ilikeitthatyoucame.你來(lái)了，我很高興。Itakeit(that)hewillcomeontime.我認(rèn)為他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)的。Youcanputitthatitwasarrangedbefore.你可以說(shuō)這是以前安排的。Rumorhasitthatthedefenceministerwillsoonresign.據(jù)傳聞，國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)不久就要辭職?！菊f(shuō)明】能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不多，常見的有have,take,put,like等。(2)動(dòng)詞+it+when(if)-從句。如：Idislikeitwhenyouwhistle.我不愛聽你吹口哨。(fromreallyappreciateitwhensheofferedtohelp.她來(lái)幫忙了，我們十分感激。I’dpreferitifIdidn’thavetodosomuchwork.要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。【說(shuō)明】能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不多，常見的有enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等。(3)動(dòng)詞+prep+it+that-從句。如：Seetoitthatyou’renotlateagain.注意千萬(wàn)不要再遲到。Looktoitthatthisdoesn’thappenagain.注意不要再發(fā)生這種事。Youmayrelyonitthathe’llcometomeetyou.你放心，他會(huì)來(lái)接你的。Ican’tanswerforitthathewillcome.我不能保證他會(huì)來(lái)。(from【說(shuō)明】能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不多，常見的有seeto,lookto,insiston,stickto,dependon,answerfor等。(4)動(dòng)詞+it+介詞短語(yǔ)+that-從句。如：IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.多虧有你我才仍然活著。Itookitforgrantedthathewouldhelpus.我認(rèn)為他會(huì)幫助我們的?！菊f(shuō)明】能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不多，常見的有takeitforgranted,bringittosb’sattention,oweittosb等。高考語(yǔ)法It用法小結(jié)來(lái)源：天星更新日期：2007-11-11點(diǎn)擊：9107It用法小結(jié)雖不是高考的熱點(diǎn)，但這兩年全國(guó)各省市試題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。我們不能疏忽。下面是用法20條。并通過(guò)高考試題進(jìn)行鞏固：

is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的放在前面，其他部分置于之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，可以用來(lái)替換，如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無(wú)缺的句子，這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其他從句的方法。Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.Itwaswithgreatjoy___hereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.(2004福建)A.because

B.which

C.since

D.that

(D)2.Itisnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that該句型譯成漢語(yǔ)“直到……才”，可以說(shuō)是的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.Itwas___backhomeaftertheexperiment.(2004

湖北)A.notuntilmidnightdidhego

B.untilmidnightthathedidn’tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewent

D.untilmidnightwhenhedidn’tgo(C)3.Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain)that….該句型中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為“清楚（顯然、真的、肯定）”是主語(yǔ)從句最常見的結(jié)構(gòu)。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.4.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural…)that…該句型和上一句同屬一個(gè)句型。由于主句中的形容詞不同，that后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形）should可以省去。建議記住該句型中的形容詞。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.5.Itissaid(reported,learned…)that…該句型中的it仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉……）ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.6.Itissuggested(ordered…)that…該句型和上一句屬一個(gè)句型。主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等詞時(shí)，that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形）。可以省略，常譯為“據(jù)建議；有命令……”Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.7.Itisapity(ashame…)that…在該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形），should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾。Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遺憾！8.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that…該句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，值得注意的是：常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬，有時(shí)也用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省。常譯為“是（正是）……的時(shí)候……”Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.9.Itisthefirst(second,…)timethat…該句型應(yīng)和上一個(gè)句型區(qū)別開來(lái)。該句型中不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。至于用哪種完成時(shí)態(tài)，由主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去；it有時(shí)用this替換，常譯為“是第一（二,…）次…”。10.Itis…since…該句型主要用作處理瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)，要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。主句中是時(shí)間作表語(yǔ)，其時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)和完成時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而且是瞬間動(dòng)詞。如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied.Itisalmostfiveyears___wesaweachotherlasttime.(2005北京)

A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when(B)11.Itis…when…該句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的it指時(shí)間，表語(yǔ)由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。常譯為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，是……”Itwas5o’clockwhenhecamehere.12.Itbe…before…該句型主句中的it指時(shí)間，主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)，主句中的表語(yǔ)多是long,notlong,3days,2weeks等表示時(shí)間段的詞和短語(yǔ)。常譯為“…之后才”，“沒過(guò)……就……”Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillnotbelongbeforehefinisheshisjob.13.Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that…該句型中的it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，主句中的happen,seem等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.

(碰巧……)Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.

(看來(lái)……)TheForeignMinistersaid,“___ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2004北京)

A.Thisis

B.Thereis

C.Thatis

D.Itis

(D)14.Ittakessb…todosth.該句型中的不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，是形式主語(yǔ)，句型中的直接賓語(yǔ)是時(shí)間。常譯為“做……要花費(fèi)某人……”IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.15．Itisnogood(use)doingsth.該句型中的真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，主句中的表語(yǔ)可以是nogood(notanygood),nouse(notanyuse).ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.16.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…該句型中的引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)，該句型譯為“不論（是否）……沒關(guān)系……Itdoesn’tmatterwhethertheyareold.17．Itiskind(ofsb)todosth.該句型中的不定式短語(yǔ)是真正主語(yǔ)，如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由of引出，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)的形容詞。常見的有：bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolishgood(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice(有教養(yǎng)的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong等。這個(gè)句型可以改寫為kindtodosth.Itiskindofyoutostayso=Youarekindtosayso.18.Itisnecessary(forsb)todosth該句型與上一句統(tǒng)屬一個(gè)句型。如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for引出的，主句的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。常見的形容詞有：Important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape,impossible,pleasant.等。Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.19.Itlooks(seems)asif…該句型中it無(wú)意義。Asif引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，常譯為：“看起來(lái)好像……”如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Itlooksasifheisill.（真的病了）Itlooksasifhewasill.（事實(shí)上沒有生?。㊣tseemedasifhewasdying.20.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.該句型中的it作形式賓語(yǔ)。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為“7123結(jié)構(gòu)”7指主句中的常用的動(dòng)詞：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel,take.1指的是形式賓語(yǔ)it.2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞和名詞3指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式：不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.

XiaoLifeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.-Doyoulike____here-Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(2004全國(guó)卷二)A.thisB.theseC.thatD.it

(D)分析：it作形式賓語(yǔ)高考預(yù)測(cè)：1．______thattherewillbeanothergoodharvestthisautumn.A.Heissaid

B.ItissaidC.Itsays

D.ItwassaidshewasfreeonMondaymorning,A.Thathappened

B.ItishappenedthatC.Ithappenedto

D.Ithappenedthatyearssincehejoinedthearmy.A.Thatis

B.Itis

C.Thisis

D.Itwas4.________isgood___youtohavetakengoodcareofyourclassmates.A.This;to

B.It;for

C.That;it

D.It;of5.Whatalongway____________!A.itis

Bisit

C.isthat

D.Thisis6.Does______matterifIamlateforthemeetingtomorrowA.this

B.it

C.that

D.which7.________makesmesicktothinkofthematter.A.That

BIt

C.This

D.Which8.Theparentswillneverforgetthat_____thedoctor__hadsavedtheirchild’slife.A.Itis;that

B.Itwas;thatc.Thatis;when

D.Itwas;when

halfpastten______wegottothestation.A.Itis;that

B.Itwas;that

C.Thatis;when

D.Itwas;when10.Weconsider___ourdutyhelpinghim.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.that答案:1-5BDBDA

6-10

BBBDA

1.Everyoneknowsthat_______isdangeroustoplaywithfire,but_______isdifficultistopreventchildrenfromplayingwithfire.

A.it,it

B.what,what

C.it,what

D.what,it

【陷阱】很容易誤選B，認(rèn)為兩空均考查形式主語(yǔ)。

【分析】最佳答案是D，第一空填形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是其后的不定式toplaywithfire。第二空填what，whatisdifficult是主語(yǔ)從句，注意whatisdifficult后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題：

(1)Iknow______isimportanttoknowmyownlimitations,but_______isdifficultistohelpotherstoknowtheirownlimitations.

A.it,it

B.what,what

C.it,what

D.what,it

(2)Yes,______isdifficulttofindajobnowadays,but_____ismoredifficultistrytofindsuchajobwithahighsalarybutlittlethingstodo.

A.it,it

B.what,what

C.it,what

D.what,it

2.Idislike_______whenotherslaughatmeinpublicorthinkpoorlyofmebehind.

A.that

B.those

C.it

D.them

【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。

【分析】最佳答案是C，因?yàn)樵谕ǔＧ闆r下，like是及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有賓語(yǔ)(句中it即為其賓語(yǔ))。句中的when從句不是賓語(yǔ)從句，而是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中的when的意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。其實(shí)，也有的詞典將Idon’tlikeitwhen(if)…作為一個(gè)句型來(lái)處理。能這樣用的動(dòng)詞不多，主要的有enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,appreciate等表示喜好的動(dòng)詞。

Shewon’tlikeitifyouarrivelate.她不喜歡你遲到。

Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbike.他討厭別人用他的自行車。

請(qǐng)做以下類似試題(答案均選it)：

(1)Ihate_______ifpeoplesaysuchthingsinpublic.

A.that

B.those

C.it

D.them

(2)I’dprefer_______ifIdidn’thavetogetupearlyonSundays.

A.that

B.such

C.it

D.which

(3)Iwouldappreciate_______verymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestions.

A.this

B.that

C.it

D.you

3.I’venoidea.Ijustpretendednobodywasathome,soIdidn’taskwho_______was.

A.he

B.that

C.she

D.it

【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。

【分析】最佳答案是D。it用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明確的人，則不宜用it。比較：

(1)MrSmithisatthedoor._______wantstoseeyou.

(2)Someoneisatthedoor.________mustbeMrSmith.

A.He

B.It

C.This

D.That

第(1)題選A，因?yàn)閬?lái)者身份明確；第(2)選B，因?yàn)閬?lái)者身份不明確。

4.“Excuseme,Iwanttohavemywatchfixed,butIcan’tfindarepairshop.”“Iknow________nearby.Comeon,I’llshowyou.”

A.one

B.it

C.some

D.that

【陷阱】容易誤選B。

【分析】最佳答案是A。it和one的區(qū)別可簡(jiǎn)單地概括為：it=the+名詞，one=a+名詞。如：

Ihaven’tgotanypens,andIwanttoborrowone.我沒有鋼筆，我想借一支。(one=apen)

Ihavetwopens,andIcanlendonetoyou.我有兩本支鋼筆，我可以借一支。(one=apen)

Ihaveapen,andIcanlendittoyou.我有一本鋼筆，我可以把它借給你。(it=thepen)

在上面一題中，one相當(dāng)于one相當(dāng)于arepairshop。請(qǐng)做下面一題（答案選A）：

ThereisonlyoneEnglish-Chinesedictionaryinthatbook-shop.Iwonderifyoustillwanttobuy_______.

A.it

B.one

C.another

D.any

5.Willyouseeto_______thatmychildrenaretakengoodcareofwhileIamaway？

A.it

B.me

C.yourself

D.them

【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。

【分析】最佳答案是A。it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是空格后that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。seeto意為“負(fù)責(zé)”、“注意”，其中的to為介詞，不宜直接跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，遇此情況可借助代詞it。請(qǐng)做下面兩題，答案也是選it：

(1)I’llseeto_______thatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostbeforetwelve.

A.it

B.me

C.which

D.them

(2)Willyouseeto_______thattheluggageisbroughtbackassoonaspossible？

A.me

B.yourself

C.it

D.them

類似以上seeto用法的短語(yǔ)還有dependon,answerfor等。如下面兩題答案也選it：

(1)Youmaydependon_______thathewillturnupintime.

A.it

B.me

C.which

D.them

(2)Ican’tanswerfor________thattheboyishonest.

A.it

B.me

C.which

D.them◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆

1.Whyshouldn’tIbuyanewcoat—Ihaven’tbought_____forfiveyears.

A.it

B.that

C.one

D.which

2.Hemade_____knowntohisfriendsthathedidn’twanttoenterpolitics.

A.that

B.it

C.himself

D.him

3.Itusedtobethought_____theEarthwasflat.

A.as

B.when

C.since

D.that

4.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut______willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.

A.they

B.it

C.one

D.which

5._______iswellknown_______HongKongreturnedtoChinaonJuly1st,1997.

A.It,that

B.As,/

C.As,as

D.It,which

6.—Idon’tknowwhetherIshouldgoabroadornot,Mum.

—Ileave_______toyourownjudgmentwhetheryoushoulddoit.

A.that

B.it

C.this

D.what

7.Does________matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime？

A.this

B.that

C.he

D.it

8.Theyaregoodfriends._______isnowonderthattheyknoweachothersowell.

A.This

B.That

C.There

D.It

9.Theyliveonabusymainroad.______mustbeverynoisy.

A.There

B.It

C.That

D.They

10.Whydon’tyoubring______tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit

A.this

B.what

C.that

D.it

11.“Lookatthatladyonthestage.She’salreadyforty.”“Youarejoking.Shedoesn’tlook________.”

A.so

B.it

C.that

D.this

13._______wasknowntothemallthatWilliamhadbrokenhispromise______hewouldgiveeachofthemagift.

A.As;Which

B.What;that

C.It;that

D.It;which

14.Inthewest,peoplemake_______aruletosendChristmaspresenttotheirrelativesandfriends.

A.this

B.that

C.it

D.thefollowing

【答案與解析】

1.選C。one指acoat。比較：it=the+名詞，one=a+名詞，換句話說(shuō)，it是特指的，而one則是泛指的。

2.選B。it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是thathedidn’twanttoenterpolitics。

3.選D。it為形式主語(yǔ)，此句為PeopleusedtothinkthattheEarthwasflat的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。

4.選B。it指前面提到的newhouse。注意不能選D，因?yàn)槠淝坝胁⒘羞B詞but。

5.選A。it為形式主語(yǔ)，其后的that從句為主語(yǔ)從句。比較下面一題，答案選B：

_______iswellknown,_______HongKongreturnedtoChinaonJuly1st,1997.

A.It,that

B.As,/

C.As,as

D.It,which

6.選B。it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是whetheryoushoulddoit.

7.選D。itdoesn’tmatterif…,doesitmatterif…等為英語(yǔ)常用表達(dá)。

8.選D。it’snowonderthat…意為“難怪……”、“……不足為怪”，為英語(yǔ)固定表達(dá)，其中的it’s也可省略，即只說(shuō)Nowonderthat…。如：

Nowonder(that)hedidn’twanttogo.難怪他不想去。

9.選B。it指環(huán)境。

10.選D。it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是thatyouaretoobusytodoit.

12.選B。it指herage。lookone’sage為習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“容貌與年齡相稱”。

13.選C。第一空填it，為形式主語(yǔ)；第二空填that，用以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，修飾promise。

14.選C。it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是其后的不定式tosendChristmaspresenttotheirrelativesandfriends。It的用法1.概述“it”在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中屬人稱代詞，意思是“它”，用來(lái)指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不僅不簡(jiǎn)單，而且很復(fù)雜。它可以用于指人以外的一切生物、無(wú)生命的東西和事情，用于指代人，用于指時(shí)間、距離和自然現(xiàn)象等。另外，它也可以用作形式主語(yǔ)，用作形式賓語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中等。2.it的用法1）用于指人以外的一切生物、無(wú)生命的東西和事情，為單數(shù)形式，譯為“它”。一般指說(shuō)話者心目中已經(jīng)了解或所指的生物、無(wú)生命的東西或事情、沒有性別的區(qū)分；可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞，在句子中既可作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)。①指動(dòng)物和植物。如：Itlookslikeadog?。ㄋ瓷先ハ裰还罚。￤here'steagrownIt'sgrowninthesoutheastofChina．（什么地方種植茶中國(guó)東南部種植茶。）②指代一些無(wú)生命的東西。如：Isityourbook（這是你的書嗎）Lookattherain！It'sheavy，isn'tit（看這雨！雨很大，對(duì)嗎）③代替上文提到過(guò)的整個(gè)事情。如：Youmustn'tplayontheroad．It'sdangerous．（你不能在公路上玩。這太危險(xiǎn)了?。㊣twashardwork，buttheyreallyenjoyedit．（摘蘋果是艱苦活，可他們都樂意去干（它）。）2）用于指代人。①指代說(shuō)話者心目中不太清楚的那個(gè)人，常在打電話或敲門時(shí)用。如：―Whowasit（是誰(shuí)（打來(lái)的電話））―WasitSusan（（打電話的）是蘇珊?jiǎn)幔┄DYes，itwas．（是的，我是。）―Whoisknockingatthedoor（誰(shuí)在敲門）―It'sme．（是我。）②指說(shuō)話者心目中的那個(gè)人。如：―Isityoursister，Kate（（那舊照片上的baby）是你姐姐凱特吧）―No?。ú皇?。）―Iknow―it'syou?。ㄎ抑懒?，（那）是你。）③指代性別不詳?shù)膵胗變夯蛟诓挥?jì)較性別時(shí)，也可用it來(lái)指人。如Thechildsmiledwhenitsawitsmother．（這小孩一見到母親就笑了。）Idon'tknowwhoitis．（我不知道他是誰(shuí)。）注意：看到這樣的句子（或聽到這樣的話）時(shí)，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它譯成“它”。）④在回答用指示代詞表示人的特殊問(wèn)句時(shí)，常用it指人。如：―Who'sthat（那人是誰(shuí)）―IsitKate（是凱特嗎）―Yes，Ithinkyou'reright．It'sKate．（是的，我想你說(shuō)對(duì)了，是凱特。）3）用于指時(shí)間、距離和天氣等。①表示時(shí)間。如：―Whattimeisit（幾點(diǎn)鐘）―It'steno’clock．（十點(diǎn)鐘。）It'ssummerinAustralianow．（現(xiàn)在澳大利亞是夏天。）特別注意it用于表示時(shí)間時(shí)還常見于以下兩個(gè)句型中：（1）It'stime（forsb．）todosth．／It'stimeforsth．譯為“是（某人）該干……的時(shí)間了”、“到……的時(shí)候了”。如：Ithinkit'stimeforustostartthelessonnow．（我想現(xiàn)在是我們開始上課的時(shí)候了。）（2）Itis／hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)。譯為“自從……以來(lái)已過(guò)了……（時(shí)間）”。此結(jié)構(gòu)可以與另一種句型進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。如：It'sthreeyearssincehecamehere．＝Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehecamehere．＝Hehasbeenhereforthreeyears．（他到這里已經(jīng)三年了。）②表示距離。如：It'shalfanhour'swalkfrommyhometotheschool．（從我家到學(xué)校步行得花半小時(shí)時(shí)間。）―Where'sthefarm，LiLeiIsitfar（李雷，農(nóng)場(chǎng)在哪里遠(yuǎn)嗎）―No，it'squitenear．（不遠(yuǎn)，很近。）③表示天氣。如：It’sgoingtosnow.（天要下雪了。）It’sgettingwarm.（天漸漸暖和起來(lái)。）4）it用作形式主語(yǔ)替代作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。①代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，其句型為：（1）Itbeadj.（forsb.）todosth.此處adj.通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right等。例如：ItisdifficulttolearnChinese.（漢語(yǔ)很難學(xué)。）2）Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此處adj.通常為描述人的形容詞：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful。等。例如：Itisverykindofy