2020年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題及參考答案解析詳解九

2020年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題及參考答案解析詳解九

專題九被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)分為兩大類：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由by連接的短語(yǔ)表示，常譯為“被、由”。

對(duì)于英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，我們可以以下五個(gè)方面來(lái)掌握。

一、主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο蟆Ｈ纾篊omputersarewidelyusedinourworkanddailylife.電腦在我們的工作和日常生活中廣泛應(yīng)用。(computers就是use的對(duì)象或承受者)

二、表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式(1)基本形式：主語(yǔ)+be+vt.的過(guò)去分詞+(by+sb.)Thissongisoftensungbychildrenatschool.這首歌經(jīng)常在學(xué)校被孩子們唱。

常見被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)：

①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+vt.的過(guò)去分詞；

②一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+vt.的過(guò)去分詞；

③一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shall/begoingto+be+vt.的過(guò)去分詞；

④現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+vt.的過(guò)去分詞；

⑤過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+been+vt.的過(guò)去分詞；

⑥現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+vt.的過(guò)去分詞；

⑦過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+being+vt.的過(guò)去分詞

⑧過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would+be+vt.的過(guò)去分詞

注意：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不用于將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)及完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

(2)其他形式：(選學(xué))

①主語(yǔ)+be+vt.的過(guò)去分詞+(by+.sb.)+賓語(yǔ)/介詞+賓語(yǔ)

A.主語(yǔ)+be+vt.的過(guò)去分詞+(by+sb.)+賓語(yǔ)/to+賓語(yǔ)Iwasshownhisgoldmedalthere.在那里他給我看了他的金牌。Hisgoldmedalwasshowntome.他的金牌給我看了。能用于這一句型的常見動(dòng)詞有bring，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，post，send，show，teach，tell，throw，write等。

B.主語(yǔ)+be+vt.的過(guò)去分詞+(by+sb.)+賓語(yǔ)/for+賓語(yǔ)Iwasboughtanewdictionary(bymyfather).我父親給我買了一本新字典。Anewdictionarywasboughtforme(bymyfather).我父親給我買了一本新字典。能用于這一句型的常見動(dòng)詞有buy，call，cook，do，get，make，save等。

②主語(yǔ)+be+vt.的過(guò)去分詞+(by+sb.)+主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Jimwasmadechairmanatthemeeting.Jim在會(huì)上被推選為主席。LiLeiwasseentobreaktheglassthismoming.李雷今天上午被人看到打碎了那塊玻璃。能用于這一句型的常見動(dòng)詞有feel，hear，make，observe，see，watch等。特別注意的是，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，不定式做賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不定式前面的小品詞to必須省略，而在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，不定式做主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不定式的小品詞to必須補(bǔ)上。

③主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can/could/may/might/must/should/oughtto)+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+(by+sb.)Watercanbeturnedintoice.水能轉(zhuǎn)變成冰。Youressayshouldberewrittenagain.你的論文應(yīng)該還重新修改一遍。

④主語(yǔ)+be+短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+(by+sb.)Hiswordsshouldbepaidmuchattentionto.應(yīng)該多注意他的話。ThechildreninChinaaretakengoodcareofnow.現(xiàn)在中國(guó)的孩子被照料得很好。注意：動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略。

⑤形式主語(yǔ)(It)+be+vt.的過(guò)去分詞+主語(yǔ)從句Itisreportedthatourteamhaswonthegameagain.據(jù)報(bào)道，我們隊(duì)又贏了比賽。能用于這一句型的常見動(dòng)詞有believe，expect，know，report，say，suppose，think等。這一句型也可變?yōu)椋褐髡Z(yǔ)+be+vt.的過(guò)去分詞+不定式短語(yǔ)TheMarsisbelievedtohavenolifeonit.火星被確認(rèn)無(wú)生命跡象。Ourteamisreportedtohavewonthegameagain.據(jù)報(bào)道，我們隊(duì)又贏了比賽。

三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)往往表示一種客觀的事實(shí)，有時(shí)語(yǔ)氣比較生硬，沒有商量的余地，從而令人難以接受，因此，切不可隨便使用。在能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示時(shí)，盡量使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，只有在下面的情況中才使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

①說(shuō)不出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;如：TheclassroomhadbeencleanedwhenIgotthere.

當(dāng)我到達(dá)教室的時(shí)候，教室已經(jīng)被人打掃過(guò)了。

(教室究竟是誰(shuí)打掃的，說(shuō)話者并不知道)

②為了突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο?如：Homeworkmustbefinishedbeforeschoolisover.

作業(yè)必須在放學(xué)之前做完。(強(qiáng)調(diào)Homework)

③為了修辭的需要，使句子間的聯(lián)系更緊密。如:Ihaveanewmotorbike.Itwasgiventomebymyfatheryesterdayasmybirthdaypresent.我有一臺(tái)新摩托車。它是昨天我父親買給我作為生日禮物的。(顯然，It指代thenewbike就與上文的anewmotorbike緊密相連)

四、不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況

(1)不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式。特別要注意漢語(yǔ)中帶名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如belong，die，happen，occur，takeplace等不及物動(dòng)詞。如：Aterribletrafficaccidenthappenedontheroadyesterday.(昨天在公路上發(fā)生了一起可怕的交通事故。)就不能改寫為：Aterribletrafficaccidentishappenedontheroadyesterday.

(2)一些靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞也不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如agreewith，fit，have，hold，own，suit等。如：Idon’tagreewithJack.(我不同意Jack的觀點(diǎn)。)就不能改寫為：Jackisntagreedwith.

五、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義如：Thepenwriteswell.這支筆很好寫。Thefoodtastesgood.這些食物嘗起來(lái)味道很好。

Hishouseiscomfortabletolivein.他的房子住起來(lái)很舒服。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2_______50)計(jì)分:

1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?

A.Did;buildB.Was;builtC.Is;built

2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.

A.washappenedB.hashappenedC.happened

3.---Thiskindofricetastesnice.Doyouknowwhereitisgrown?

---Yes,it_______inSoutheastChina.

A.wasgrewB.isgrownC.isgrowing

4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.

A.isvisitedB.hasbeenvisitedC.wasvisited

5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.

A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegiven

6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.willbedone

7.Thedoctor_____foryet.

A.isntsentB.wasntsentC.hasntbeensent

8.---When___thiskindofcomputer______?

---Lastyear.

A.was;madeB.did;makeC.are;made

9.Who_____thisbook_____?

A.did;writeB.was;writtenbyC.is;written

10.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.

A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isasked

11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldtousB.wastoldusC.istoldus

12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.

A.jumpedB.jumpsC.tojump

13.Olderpeople____well.

A.mustbelookedafterB.looksafterC.mustlookafter

14.Ourteacher______carefully.

A.shouldbelistenedB.shouldbelistenedtoC.arelistened

15.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar.

A.isservedB.servesC.served

16.---Didyouwinthebasketballgame?

---Badluck.Ourteam_______inthefinalone.

A.wonB.waswonC.wasbeaten

17.Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?

A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.iscompleted

18.Greatchanges_______inChinasince1949.

A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.tookplace

19.---WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?

---Shehas_______byherclassmates.

A.laughedB.beenlaughedC.beenlaughedat

20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneeded

21.Thispainting_______toamuseuminNewYorkin1977.

A.sellsB.soldC.wassold

22.Thetelevision_______.Itdoesn’tworknow.

A.mustrepairB.mustberepairedC.hasrepaired

23.---Doyouthinkthattheclassroom_______everyday?

---Yes,Ithinkso.

A.shouldcleanB.shouldbecleaningC.shouldbecleaned

24.Ibelievethatthosemountains_______withtreesinafewyears’time.

A.arecoveredB.willbecoveredC.willcover

25.Itissaidthatabout400cars_______inthefactorynextmonth.

A.willproduceB.areproducedC.willbeproduced

26.Iwasn’tathomeyesterday.I_______tohelpwiththeharvestonthefarm.

A.wasaskedB.wasaskingC.asked

27.---Areyoufreethisafternoon?

---No.I’llhaveanEnglishcomposition_______thisafternoon.

A.towriteB.wroteC.tobewritten

28.---Wherearetheboys?

---Oh,they_______basketballontheplaygroundjustnow.

A.wereseenplayB.wereseentoplayC.hadseenplay

29.---CanyousingthisEnglishsong?

---OfcourseIcan.It_______often_______bychildren.

A.is;sangB.was;sangC.is;sung

30.---WhatdidMissZhangsaytoyoujustnow?

---Shesaidthatallthebooksshould___tothelibraryontime.

A.arereturnedB.returnC.bereturned

31.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_______yet.

A.isnotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.hasnotbeendecided

32.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learned

33.Afootballmatch_______inourschoolnextMonday.

A.willholdB.willbeheldC.isgoingtohold

34.----What’shappenedtoJoe?

----________toahospital.

A.He’stakenB.He’sbeentakenC.He’llbetaken

35.---Didyougotothepartyyesterday?

----No,I________.

A.wasn’tinvitedB.wasinvitedC.didn’tinvite

36.Todaytheforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemust______downtoomanytrees.

A.stopfromcuttingB.stoptocutC.bestoppedfromcutting

37.Hewasseen________somethingfromtheshop.

A.stealB.tostealC.tobestolen

38.Oneoftheclubactivties________byMrSmith.

A.isholdingB.areheldC.isheld

39.Thiskindofmedicine________inadryandcoolplace.

A.mustkeepB.keptC.mustbekept

40.Thedog_________anhourago.

A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendead

41.---Mary,you____onthephone.

---Thankyou,Mom.

A.arewantedB.willbewantedC.havewanted

42.Thisbook________wellintheshop.

A.sellsB.issellingC.issold

43.Thewindows__________afterschoolisover.

A.usuallyclosedB.areusuallyclosedC.areusuallyclosing

44.Theysatatthetableuntilallthefood__________.

A.waseatingB.waseatenC.wereeaten

45.Idon’tknowtherestaurant,butit___________tobequiteagoodone.