考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京信息工程大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京信息工程大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theplacedidnotappeartobepopular,foritwascompletelydeserted,andinanycase______totraffic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inadequate

B.inaccessible

C.incompatible

D.insignificant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)inadequate“不充分的，不適當(dāng)?shù)摹?，B項(xiàng)inaccessible“難達(dá)到的；難接近的”，C項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的，矛盾的”，D項(xiàng)insignificant“無(wú)關(guān)緊要的”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)修飾theplace且和后面的totraffic連用，由此推斷，空格處填入inaccessible“難以達(dá)到的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：這個(gè)地方似乎并不受歡迎，因?yàn)樗耆臎?，而且無(wú)論如何交通不通。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom.Thesmoke（

）myeyes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disturbs

B.bothers

C.upsets

D.irritates

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)disturb“打擾，妨礙”；B選項(xiàng)bother“麻煩，打擾”；C選項(xiàng)upset“使心煩，擾亂”；D選項(xiàng)irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：請(qǐng)不要在會(huì)議室吸煙，煙熏得我眼睛難受。也就是說(shuō)眼睛受到了刺激，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.單選題

ModernlorehasitthatinEnglanddeathisimminent,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced，clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.

Deathisnormal.Wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish，evenunderoptimalconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel，yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’sfutile.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Avastindustrypushedforaggressiveandexpensivetherapyforprostatecancer,despitealackofdemonstrablebenefitformanypatients.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

Meanwhile,thekindofpalliativecareprovidedinhospicesistaughtderogatorilytomedicalstudentsasatreatmentoflastresort.In1950theUnitedStatesspent$12.7billion,or4.4percentofgrossdomesticproduct,onhealthcare.In2002thecostwillbe$1.54trillion—nearly14percentofGDP,byfarthelargestpercentagespentbyanydevelopedcountry.

Anyonecanseethatthistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Someethicistsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldn’tgothatfar.Notlongagosimilarargumentswereusedtojustifymandatoryretirementagesasyoungas55foremployeesinindustry,academiaandgovernment.Themessagewas“Stepaside—Iwantyourdeskandyourpaycheck.’’Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond，andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s，andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethemaladiesthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iaspiretoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit,orshould.I’vewatchedasthelivesofmyfamilymembersandfriendshavebeenpainfullyprolonged.It’sastarkcontrastwiththeinexpensiveandcompassionatedeathsofmyparentsagenerationago.

Asamedicalconsumer，ImaywantMedicaretobuymemultiplecoronarybypassoperationsoradesperateroundofbone-marrowtransplantation.Asataxpayingcitizen,Iknow—intellectually，ifnotemotionally—thatthevalueofsuchmeasuresmustbeweighedagainstothersocialgoods，suchashousing，defenseandeducation.Andasaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare，haveachievedlonger，healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeoples’lives.Forexample，thefieldofalternativeandcomplementarymedicinereceivesjusta5percentchunkoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudget.

Tocreateahumanesystemofhealthcare,wemustacknowledgethatdeathanddyingarenotthemselvestheenemies.Asthepost-WorldWarIIBritishepidemiologistArchieCochraneonceobserved,curesinmedicinearerare,buttheneedfor“care”—attentionandreassurancefromapproachable,sympatheticphysiciansandcaregivers—iswidespread.Cochraneworriedthatbypursuingcuresatallcost,wewouldrestrictthesupplyofcarethatpatientscanreceive.Thisispreciselythecrisisofcontemporarymedicine:billionsforcures,andpenniesforcare.Medicinecanaccomplishgreatthingsforthegenerationnowpassing50,butonlyifwe’rewiseenoughnottoasktoomuchofit.

1.People’sdifferentattitudestowardsdeathshowthat_____.

2.Thebesthealthcare_______.

3.Palliativecareprovidedinhospices_______.

4.Thegovernmentwithfiniteresourceshadbetter_______.

5.Whatpatientsneedmostis_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peopleinothercountriesdon’thaveagreathealth-caresystemasAmericansdo

B.Americansrelytoomuchontheirhealth-caresystemeventochallengedeath

C.Americansareoptimistic

D.palliativecareworkswondersinAmericans

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.canevenchangeourgeneticprogramstoprolongourlives

B.canguaranteetheoldanunimaginablelifeofhighquality

C.shoulddoeverythingpossibletosavethepatients’life

D.haslimitstowhatitcandoandshoulddo

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isnotthoughtmuchofbecauseitdoesn’tcurepatients

B.needsmuchmoremoneythanhealthcareandisunsustainable

C.isforpoorpeoplewhocan’taffordtostayinhospitalforalongtime

D.shouldbeattachedmoreimportance

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.balanceitsbudgetforresearchintocuresandthatintotherapiesthatcanhelppeoplelivehealthierandhappierlives

B.stoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondage83sothatyoungerandhealthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential

C.makeitarulethatpeopleinindustry,academiaandgovernmentwhoareover55shouldretire

D.spendlessonhealthandmoreonhousing，defenseandeducation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.asolutiontotheproblemofdeath

B.courage,optimismandsympathyforothers

C.attention,careandreassurancefromfriendlyphysiciansandcaregivers

D.agreathealth-caresystemthatcanprovidethemthemostexpensiveandbesttherapies

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced，clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.”，可知美國(guó)人壽命延長(zhǎng)的原因是醫(yī)療技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，文章第一句提到英國(guó)和加拿大人對(duì)待死亡是不可避免的態(tài)度，所以可推斷，美國(guó)的醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)要比其他國(guó)家更好，這也是人們對(duì)待死亡態(tài)度不同的原因。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句，“Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.”，可知即使是好的醫(yī)療體系也不能抵抗死亡，所以最好的醫(yī)療體系也有局限性，不是什么都能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient”，可知因?yàn)獒t(yī)生對(duì)自己無(wú)法治愈疾病感到沮喪，并且擔(dān)心病人失去希望，實(shí)施了這種癌癥晚期治療。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“thekindofpalliativecareprovidedinhospicesistaughtderogatorilytomedicalstudentsasatreatmentoflastresort.”，可知這種臨終治療是不得已時(shí)使用的最終手段。綜上可推斷出，因?yàn)檫@種治療方式不能治愈疾病，所以不被重視。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…bypursuingcuresatallcost,wewouldrestrictthesupplyofcarethatpatientscanreceive.Thisispreciselythecrisisofcontemporarymedicine:billionsforcures,andpenniesforcare...”，可知如果把所有花費(fèi)用于追求疾病的治愈上，那么病人受到的關(guān)懷就會(huì)受到限制。所以不能偏差太大，太多用于疾病治愈，太少用于關(guān)懷是醫(yī)療面臨的危及。可推斷作者提倡平衡分配，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…curesinmedicinearerare,buttheneedfor“care”—attentionandreassurancefromapproachable,sympatheticphysiciansandcaregivers…”，可知疾病的治愈是少見(jiàn)的，更需要的是醫(yī)生和照顧者的關(guān)懷。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Hedidnotfeelobligedto（）totherulesthatappliedtoordinarymen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confront

B.conform

C.confine

D.console

【答案】B

【解析】confront面對(duì),遭遇；conform遵守,符合；confine限制；console安慰。句意：他覺(jué)得沒(méi)有義務(wù)遵守適用于普通人的規(guī)則。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Theirrefusaltocompromiseisamajor（）thatstandsinthewayoffurtherpeacetalks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obstacle

B.complication

C.entity

D.hazard

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obstacle“障礙”；B選項(xiàng)complication“并發(fā)癥，復(fù)雜”；C選項(xiàng)entity“實(shí)體，存在”；D選項(xiàng)hazard“危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。句意：他們拒絕妥協(xié)是進(jìn)一步和談的主要（）。既然他們拒絕妥協(xié)，那么應(yīng)該就是進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的“障礙”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.翻譯題

鐵棒成針李白是中國(guó)唐朝的一位大詩(shī)人。

傳說(shuō)，他小時(shí)候很貪玩，怕困難，讀書(shū)進(jìn)步很慢。

有一天，李白放學(xué)回家，路過(guò)一條小河邊，看見(jiàn)一位老婆婆正在磨一根很粗很粗的鐵棒。他覺(jué)得很奇怪，就走到老婆婆跟前問(wèn)：

“老婆婆，您磨這根鐵棒干什么?”

老婆婆說(shuō)：“磨成針。”

這時(shí)候，李白更覺(jué)得奇怪了，又問(wèn)：

“這么粗的鐵棒，您怎么能磨成針呢?”

老婆婆告訴他說(shuō)：

“能，一定能！只要功夫深，鐵棒就能磨成針?！?/p>

李白聽(tīng)了老婆婆的話(huà)，心里忽然明白了。

從此，李白刻苦讀書(shū)，進(jìn)步很快。后來(lái)，他終于成了一位有名的詩(shī)人。

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish

【答案】

GrindIronRodIntoNeedle7.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees’compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstartingwagesforlow-levelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentonoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce’swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,near-recordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

3.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

4.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich.

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor.

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor.

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.begraduallynarrowed

B.disappearsoonerorlater

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.whatapersonpursuesintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在作者的國(guó)家，哪類(lèi)人受益于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展？”文章第四段最后一句話(huà)提到“所有人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪個(gè)表述是正確的？”文章第五段提到“非技術(shù)勞動(dòng)力的償付水平與以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），選項(xiàng)B“非技術(shù)人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話(huà)提到“收入差距是驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以選項(xiàng)C“一直存在”符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并不是每個(gè)人的最終目標(biāo)（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

AsmanyofthearticlesinthisissueofTheMcKinseyQuarterlydemonstrate,companiesinthedevelopedworldareoutsourcing（資源外置）everlargerportionsoftheirbusinesstolow-cost,highlyskilledworkersinthedevelopingworld.Drivingthistrendistheremarkableabilityoftheglobalworkforcetolearnonthejob.

Infact,therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,political,andintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.TheresearchoftheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute(MGI)duringthepastdecadehasconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

MGIhasfoundampleevidenceinthedevelopingworldtosupportthisconclusion.InBrazil,forexample,thetwoleadingprivateretailbanksarelocallyownedandstaffedbutachievenear-globallevelsofbest-practiceproductivity.AHondafactoryinBrazilperformsalmostaswellasthecompany’sJapaneseandUSplants.Inthesamecountry,theFrenchhypermarketchainCarrefourachievesabout90percentoftheproductivitythatitachievesathome.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Ihavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimeforeducation.Theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Wecanconcludefromthesecondparagraphthatinpoorcountries（

）.

2.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theeconomicgrowthisneeded

（

）.

3.Accordingtothetext,educationgotstarted（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.progressineducationisnecessaryforthepoliticaldevelopment

B.theimportanceofeducationhasbeenoverestimated

C.thepooreducationresultsinthelowstandardsofliving

D.thetraditionalviewabouteducationisgroundless

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beforeeducationcanprogress

B.beforeapoliticalsystemcanoperate

C.inpoorcountriestoescapepoverty

D.toadapttothecompetitiveenvironment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whenthegovernmentforcedpeopletostudy

B.whenourancestorshadenoughtime

C.whenourancestorswerenolongerphysicallyhungry

D.beforeourancestorsfoundbetterwaystogetfood

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong（然而，在貧窮國(guó)家教育應(yīng)該是最優(yōu)先促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的）可知B選項(xiàng)“教育的重要性被高估了”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由最后一段中的Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation...Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.（當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境推動(dòng)我們的祖先實(shí)現(xiàn)這一潛力時(shí)，他們又能提供更多的教育……然而，缺乏正規(guī)教育并不會(huì)限制發(fā)展中國(guó)家勞動(dòng)力在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái)大幅度提高生產(chǎn)力的能力）可知經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)需要適應(yīng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境，因此選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段的內(nèi)容為：教育與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的真正關(guān)系是什么？我開(kāi)始懷疑持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)會(huì)促進(jìn)教育的發(fā)展，即使政府不強(qiáng)制教育。畢竟，教育就是這樣開(kāi)始的。當(dāng)我們的祖先一萬(wàn)年前是獵人和采集者時(shí)，他們沒(méi)有時(shí)間接受教育。可知教育開(kāi)始在我們的祖先找到更好的食物的方法之前，因此選D。

9.單選題

Thereareplanstogiveeveryone（）insurance,allowleavefromworkforanyonewithasickchildorelderlyrelativetolookafter,andenforceaseven-daywaitforanyonewantingtobuyahandgun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.affordedhealthy

B.affordablehealth

C.affordedhealth

D.affordablehealthy

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法和固定搭配。根據(jù)空格前的give可知空格中應(yīng)該填入形容詞。afforded是動(dòng)詞afford的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞，所以排除A和C項(xiàng)。affordable“買(mǎi)得起的”，health“健康”，healthy“健康的”。句意：有計(jì)劃給予每個(gè)人買(mǎi)得起的健康保險(xiǎn)。healthinsurance“健康保險(xiǎn)”，為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareina（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scarcity

B.minority

C.minimum

D.shortage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。scarcity“不足，缺乏”；minority“少數(shù)，少數(shù)派”；minimum“最小值”；shortage“不足，缺少”。句意：大部分護(hù)士是女性，但是在更高級(jí)別的醫(yī)療職業(yè)中，女性卻只有少數(shù)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunities—aswellasnewandsignificantrisks.CivilrightsactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhyBlacks,Hispanics,andotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishingthemselvesinbusinessisthattheylackaccesstothesizableordersandsubcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongress,inapparentagreement,hasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsofmorethan$500,000dotheirbesttofindminoritysubcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththegovernment.Indeed,somefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofarastosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworkscontractstominorityenterprises.

Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.Accordingtofigurescollectedin1977,thetotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesrosefrom$77millionin1972to$1.1billionin1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesfortheearly1980’sisestimatedtobeover53billionperyearwithnoletupanticipatedinthenextdecade.Promisingasitisforminoritybusinesses,thisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthem,too.First,minorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinancially,sincemostaresmallconcernsand,unlikelargebusinesses,theyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentsinnewplants,staff,equipment,andthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.If,thereafter,theirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreduced,suchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingforsmallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesandbids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresources,andasmallcompany’seffortsmustsoonresultinorders,orboththemoraleandthefinancialhealthofthebusinesswillsuffer.

AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocashinontheincreasingapportionmentsthroughformationofjointventureswithminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourse,inmanyinstancestherearelegitimatereasonsforjointventures;clearly,Whiteandminorityenterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquirealone.ButcivilrightsgroupsandminoritybusinessownershavecomplainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupas“fronts”withWhitebacking,ratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejointventures.

Third,aminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecoming—andremaining—dependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstances,fiercecompetitionfromlarger,moreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases:whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactor,theymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.

31.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

32.Accordingtothepassage,civilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave______.

33.Thepassagesuggeststhatthefailureofalargebusinesstohaveitsbidsforsubcontractsresultquicklyinordersmightcauseitto______.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedwiththerequirementsoflaw,thepercentagegoalssetby“somefederalandlocalagencies”(inParagraph1)are______.

35.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’sassertionthat,inthe1970’s,corporateresponsetofederalrequirements(inParagraph2)wassubstantial?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuracies

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacks

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblem

D.exploretheimplicationsofafinding

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beenespeciallyvulnerabletogovernmentalmismanagementoftheeconomy

B.beendeniedbankloansatratescomparabletothoseaffordedlargercompetitors

C.nothadsufficientopportunitytosecurebusinesscreatedbylargecorporations

D.nothadadequaterepresentationinthecentersofgovernmentpower

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.experiencefrustrationbutnotseriousfinancialharm

B.facepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses

C.havetorecorditseffortsonformsfiledwiththegovernment

D.increaseitsspendingwithminoritysubcontractors

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.morepopularwithlargecorporations

B.morespecific

C.lesscontroversial

D.easiertocomplywith

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Between1970and1972,corporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinessesdeclinedby25percent.

B.Thefigurescollectedin1977underrepresentedtheextentofcorporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinesses.

C.Theestimateofcorporatespendingwithminority-ownedbusinessesin1980isapproximately$10milliontoohigh.

D.The$1.1billionrepresentedthesamepercentageoftotalcorporatespendingin1977asdid$77millionin1972.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.31.文章的主要目的是為了______。

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuraciesA.提出一個(gè)老生常談的觀點(diǎn)及其不準(zhǔn)確之處

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacksB.描述一種情況及其潛在的缺點(diǎn)

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblemC.對(duì)一個(gè)問(wèn)題提出臨時(shí)的解決方案

D.exploretheimplicationsofafindingD.探索一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的含義

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)；文章第一句是“近年來(lái)，美國(guó)的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)既面臨前所未有的機(jī)遇，也面臨新的重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，可知文章討論的主題是美國(guó)少數(shù)民族企業(yè)所面臨的機(jī)遇和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；文章第一段和第二段前半部分討論的是機(jī)遇的一面，后面部分討論的是少數(shù)民族企業(yè)面臨的三個(gè)潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；所以推斷，文章的目的是為了描述少數(shù)民族企業(yè)所面臨的機(jī)遇以及潛在的一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和缺陷，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的inaccuracies并不符合原文中的risk，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)在原文并沒(méi)有討論所面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的解決辦法；

D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.Accordingtothepassage,civilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave______.32.根據(jù)文章，民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)人士認(rèn)為，少數(shù)民族企業(yè)傳統(tǒng)上不得不面對(duì)的一個(gè)不利條件是，他們______。

A.beenespeciallyvulnerabletogovernmentalmismanagementoftheeconomyA.在政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理不善的情況下尤其脆弱

B.beendeniedbankloansatratescomparabletothoseaffordedlargercompetitorsB.無(wú)法獲得與大型競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手相當(dāng)?shù)你y行貸款利率

C.nothadsufficientopportunitytosecurebusinesscreatedbylargecorporationsC.沒(méi)有充分的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)確保大企業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)

D.nothadadequaterepresentationinthecentersofgovernmentpowerD.在政府權(quán)力中心沒(méi)有足夠的代表權(quán)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵信息civilrightsactivists可以定位到文章第一段第二句“民權(quán)活動(dòng)人士長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直認(rèn)為（havelongargued），黑人、拉美裔和其他少數(shù)民族難以在商界立足的主要原因之一是他們無(wú)法獲得（lackaccessto）大公司的大宗訂單和分包合同”，從中我們可知，民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)人士認(rèn)為少數(shù)民族企業(yè)傳統(tǒng)上必須面對(duì)的劣勢(shì)就是無(wú)法獲得大公司的訂單和分包合同，句子中的lackaccess相當(dāng)于lackopportunity，所以推斷C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)在文中并未提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)中的bankloans沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Thepassagesuggeststhatthefailureofalargebusinesstohaveitsbidsforsubcontractsresultquicklyinordersmightcauseitto______.33.這篇文章暗示，大型企業(yè)投標(biāo)分包合同的失敗可能會(huì)迅速導(dǎo)致______。

A.experiencefrustrationbutnotseriousfinancialharmA.經(jīng)歷一些挫折，但不會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失

B.facepotentiallycripplingfixedexpensesB.面對(duì)潛在的嚴(yán)重的固定費(fèi)用

C.havetorecorditseffortsonformsfiledwiththegovernmentC.必須將其努力記錄在政府存檔的表格上

D.increaseitsspendingwithminoritysubcontractorsD.增加對(duì)少數(shù)分包商的支出

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】原文并沒(méi)有提到大企業(yè)投標(biāo)失敗會(huì)怎樣，但是文中提到了小企業(yè)的情況，定位第二段第五句“因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)公司都是小公司，而且與大公司不同（unlikelargebusinesses），它們經(jīng)常需要在新工廠、員工、設(shè)備等方面進(jìn)行大量投資，以便完成分包給它們的工作”，從unlikelargebusinesses可以看出，這里對(duì)大企業(yè)和小企業(yè)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比；結(jié)合該段最后一句“小公司的努力必須很快帶來(lái)訂單，否則公司的士氣和財(cái)務(wù)都會(huì)受到影響”我們可以得出，大企業(yè)的情況與小企業(yè)的相反，即大企業(yè)的士氣和財(cái)物不會(huì)受到影響，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)是小型企業(yè)面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)是國(guó)會(huì)要求的內(nèi)容，與題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedwiththerequirementsoflaw,thepercentageg