考研考博-英語-中北大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中北大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Mosterroneousconclusionsbyscientistsarediscoveredduringtheprocessofpublishingtheirresearch.(41)So-called“junkscience”bypassesthissystemofpeerreview.Presenteddirectlytothepublicbypeoplevariouslydescribedas“experts”or“activists,”oftenwithlittleornosupportingevidence,this“junkscience”underminestheabilityofelectedrepresentatives,jurists,andothers—includingeverydayconsumers—tomakerationaldecisions.

(42)Byregulatorydefinition,thesefoodsmaycontainmonoglyceridesanddiglycerides,butnottriglycerides.Fromthepointofviewofsolidsciencethisdefinitionmakesnopracticalsense,giventhatthebodymetabolizesmono,di-andtriglyceridesinessentiallythesameway.Meanwhileunwaryconsumerstakethe“fat-free”labelasalicensetoeatthesefoodstoexcess,andAmericansaremoreobesenowthaneverbefore.

Amoreamusingexampleis“VitaminO,”awondersupplementadvertisedto“maximizeyournutrients,purifyyourbloodstream,andeliminatetoxinsandpoisons—inotherwords,[tosupply]alltheprocessesnecessarytopreventdiseaseandpromotehealth.”(43)Inotherwords,the60,000consumerspurchasing“VitaminO”—tothetuneof$20amonth—weretakingsaltwater!AlthoughthisproductwaslegallyexemptedfromcertainFDArequirementsbyvirtueofitsstatusasa“natural”dietsupplement,theFTCwasabletofileacomplaintagainstitin1999,basedonfalseclaimsbyitspromotersthatitwasbeingusedbyNASAastronauts.Otherwise“VitaminO”wouldstillbeoneoftheworld’sbest-sellingplacebos.

Thepotentiallastingpowerof“junkscience”isdemonstratedbythestoryofGermanphysicianSamuelHahnemann,whotookquininebackin1776toinvestigateitsuseagainstmalaria.Aftertakingquinineheexperiencedchillsandfever,whicharethesymptomsofmalaria.(44)Inthecourseoftestingthistheorywithotherherbalremedies,Hahnemanndiscoveredthatmany“natural”herbsaretoxicandmadehispatientsworse.Thereducethetoxiceffects,hedilutedtheremediesuntiltheyseemedtobeworking.Onthatbasisheformulateda“l(fā)awofinfinitesimals”statingthathigherdilutionsofherbalcuresincreasetheirmedicinalbenefits.Tobefair,Hahnemannconductedtheseexperimentsmorethan70yearsbeforescientistsunderstoodthatadilutionweakerthanonepartin6.02×1043maynotcontainevenasinglemoleculeofthedissolvedsubstance.(45)

A.Anexampleof“junkscience”Iliketousewithmystudentsisthemythof“fat-freefoods”inventedbythefoodindustrywiththehelpoffederalregulators.

B.Otherscientistsreviewsubmittedarticles,oftenrepeatinganyrelevanttestsorexperimentsandalwaysevaluatingtheconclusionsthathavebeendrawnfromthem.

C.Forthisheconcluded,wrongly,that“l(fā)ikescurelikes,”i.e.,thatdiseasesshouldbetreatedwithmedicinesthatproducesimilarsymptomstothediseases.

D.Thushedidnotrealizethatuponadministeringtohispatients30Xpreparations—dilutionsofonepartherbto1030partswater—theplaceboeffectwasallthatwasreallylefttomeasure.

E.Despitethispreposterousclaim,themarketfortheseremediesisenormous.

F.Itwasdescribedonitslabelas“stabilizedoxygenmoleculesinasolutionofdistilledwaterandsodiumchloride.”

【答案】41.B

42.A

43.F

44.C

45.D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Anexampleof“junkscience”Iliketousewithmystudentsisthemythof“fat-freefoods”inventedbythefoodindustrywiththehelpoffederalregulators.A.我喜歡用一個“垃圾科學”的例子來告訴我的學生，那就是食品工業(yè)在聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管機構的幫助下發(fā)明的“無脂食品”神話。

B.Otherscientistsreviewsubmittedarticles,oftenrepeatinganyrelevanttestsorexperimentsandalwaysevaluatingtheconclusionsthathavebeendrawnfromthem.B.其他科學家審閱提交的文章，經(jīng)常重復任何相關的測試或?qū)嶒?，并總是評估從中得出他們的結論。

C.Forthisheconcluded,wrongly,that“l(fā)ikescurelikes,”i.e.,thatdiseasesshouldbetreatedwithmedicinesthatproducesimilarsymptomstothediseases.C.因此，他錯誤地得出“以毒攻毒”的結論，也就是說，疾病應該用產(chǎn)生類似癥狀的藥物來治療。

D.Thushedidnotrealizethatuponadministeringtohispatients30Xpreparations—dilutionsofonepartherbto1030partswater—theplaceboeffectwasallthatwasreallylefttomeasure.D.因此，他沒有意識到，給他的病人服用30倍的制劑，即將一份草藥稀釋到水的1030倍，實際上剩下的只是安慰劑效應。

E.Despitethispreposterousclaim,themarketfortheseremediesisenormous.E.盡管這種說法很荒謬，但這些療法的市場是巨大的。

F.Itwasdescribedonitslabelas“stabilizedoxygenmoleculesinasolutionofdistilledwaterandsodiumchloride.”F.它的標簽上描述為“蒸餾水和氯化鈉溶液中的穩(wěn)定氧分子”。

41.第一句提到“科學家的大多數(shù)錯誤結論都是在發(fā)表研究成果的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的”，然后第三句講的是“所謂的垃圾科學繞過了這個同行評議體系（systemofpeerreview）”，那么可以推斷，第二句講的內(nèi)容應該和同行評議體系（systemofpeerreview）有關，而第一句是說科學家的erroneousconclusions（錯誤結論）是在研究成果中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，綜合理解可知，B項正確。

42.該段提到了一個關鍵詞foods，所以該段是與食物相關的；然后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容，從第三句“從堅實的科學觀點來看，這個定義沒有實際意義，因為人體對單甘油酯、二甘油酯和甘油三酯的代謝方式基本上是相同的”和第四句“與此同時，粗心的消費者把無脂肪（fat-free）的標簽當作過量食用這些食品的許可證”綜合理解，可以得出A項正確。

43.根據(jù)空格后一句“換句話說，購買維生素O的6萬名消費者，每月花費20美元，是在喝鹽水（takingsaltwater）”，其中關鍵部分是takingsaltwater（喝鹽水），所以可以推斷，空格處的句子是和salt相關的，故F項正確。

44.由空格前兩句“哈內(nèi)曼在1776年服用奎寧，研究它對瘧疾的作用。服用奎寧后，他感到寒戰(zhàn)和發(fā)燒，這是瘧疾的癥狀?！?，以及空格后一句“在用其他草藥療法測試這一理論的過程中，哈內(nèi)曼發(fā)現(xiàn)許多天然草藥是有毒的，這使他的病人病情惡化”可知，哈內(nèi)曼服用奎寧研究瘧疾，產(chǎn)生了和瘧疾一樣的癥狀，然后用天然草藥測試自己的理論，使病人中毒；綜合理解可知，哈內(nèi)曼通過服用奎寧產(chǎn)生瘧疾癥狀得出“以毒攻毒”的理論，故C項正確。

45.根據(jù)空格處的上一句“哈內(nèi)曼進行這些實驗70多年后，科學家們才認識到，稀釋度低于6.02×1043的制劑，可能連一個溶解物質(zhì)的分子都沒有”可知，將草藥稀釋并沒有什么效果，所以空格處還是對草藥稀釋的描述，故D項正確。

2.單選題

Theschemeshouldbeinoperationbytheendoftheyear,andcompanieswillbedisciplined,evendisconnected,ifthey（

）phoninganyconsumerswhosenamesappearontheregister.

問題1選項

A.stayon

B.waitup

C.indulgein

D.persistin

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項stayon“繼續(xù)停留”；B選項waitup“不睡而等候”；C選項indulgein“沉湎于”；D選項persistin“堅持；固執(zhí)于”。句意：該計劃將在今年年底前開始實施，如果企業(yè)······給登記在案的消費者打電話，它們將受到處罰，甚至被切斷網(wǎng)絡連接?！捌髽I(yè)給消費者打電話”這一行為要受到懲罰的話，應是“執(zhí)著于打電話”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Iwishtoaskforaleavetomorrow,（

）?

問題1選項

A.shallI

B.willI

C.mayI

D.wouldI

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。表示請求對方許可，四個選項中只有mayI可以，句意為：我想明天請假，可以嗎？故答案選C。

4.單選題

George（

）anagonizing48-hourwaitfortheresultsofthetests.

問題1選項

A.underwent

B.withstood

C.baked

D.grilled

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。underwent經(jīng)驗，遭遇；withstood抵擋，經(jīng)得起；baked烘烤；grilled炙烤。

句意：George遭受了48小時的煎熬只為等待測試結果。選項A符合語境。

5.單選題

Thiskindofsongbirdsleepsmuchlessduringitsannual（）,butthatdoesn’tseemtoaffectitsflying.

問題1選項

A.migration

B.emigration

C.conveyance

D.transference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項migration“遷移；移民”；B選項emigration“移民；移民出境”；C選項conveyance“運輸；運輸工具”；D選項transference“轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)讓”。句意：這種太陽鳥在一年一度的遷徙期間睡眠極度減少，但是這并不影響其飛行。由空格前的關鍵詞“annual年度的，每年的”可知“遷移”符合句意，因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

TheexhibitionattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyCenter（

）suchendangeredanimalsasthegiantpandaandtheSiberiantigeranddescribestheworkbeingdonetoprotectthem.

問題1選項

A.detects

B.exploits

C.features

D.survive

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。detect察覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)；exploit利用，開發(fā)；feature以...為特色；survive幸存，生還。句意：在上?？萍贾行呐e辦的展覽以大熊貓和東北虎等瀕危動物為特色，并且描述了保護它們所做的工作。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

問題1選項

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:該國進行核實驗，也不（

）

實驗結果。

optimistic樂觀的;anxious焦慮的，擔憂的;uncertain無常的，不確定的，含糊的;scared恐懼的，害怕的。Apprehensive憂慮的，不安的。故選B。

8.單選題

After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.

問題1選項

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞性從句。分析句子，可知句中缺少主語，因此用what引導名詞性從句并在句中作主語；that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分。

句意：在漫長的等待之后，輪到他進入人事經(jīng)理辦公室了。

9.單選題

Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.

問題1選項

A.trite

B.haggard

C.poundage

D.sighted

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項trite“陳腐的，平庸的，老一套的”；B選項haggard“憔悴的，野性的，（鷹）未馴服的”；C選項poundage“按每磅收取的手續(xù)費或稅金，磅重總數(shù)”；D選項sighted“有視力的，不盲的”。句意：是的，這是一個陳詞濫調(diào)，但政治是可能的藝術。Hackneyed“陳腐的，平庸的”，A選項與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Themost（）technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.

問題1選項

A.solemn

B.prominent

C.prosperous

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項solemn“嚴肅的；隆重的，鄭重的”；B選項prominent“突出的，顯著的；杰出的”；C選項prosperous“繁榮的；興旺的”；D選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的”。句意：20世紀最顯著的技術成功或許是計算機革命。結合句意，選B。

11.論述題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark’'Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass"Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.PutyouressayonAnswerSheet.PartICloze

【答案】略

12.單選題

Theverdictmetwitha（）ofcriticism.

問題1選項

A.hail

B.gust

C.tuft

D.fit

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項ahailof“一陣轟炸/打擊/咒罵”；B選項agustof“一陣（風）”；C選項atuftof“一叢”；D選項afitof“突發(fā)一陣，陣發(fā)”。句意：這一判決遭到了一通批評。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo______bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

問題1選項

A.unrecording

B.tohavebeenunrecorded

C.unrecorded

D.tobeunrecorded

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：這些調(diào)查表明，許多犯罪沒有被警方記錄下來，主要是因為并非所有的受害者都會報案。manycrimesgo______bythepolice是indicate的賓語從句，manycrimes是主語，go是系動詞，橫線部分是表語；根據(jù)by可知橫線部分有被動含義，C選項unrecorded符合題意。A選項unrecording沒有被動含義；B選項tohavebeenunrecorded和D選項tobeunrecorded用法錯誤。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

Hecompliedwiththerequirementthatallgraduatestudentsineducation______athesis.

問題1選項

A.write

B.writing

C.towrite

D.bewriting

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。與動詞require的賓語從句謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣一樣，名詞requirement的同位語從句或表語從句的謂語動詞也需用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形，should可省略。句意：他遵守了所有教育學研究生都要寫畢業(yè)論文的要求。因此A選項正確。

15.不定項選擇題

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatsufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandliveitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,blitzeverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.

2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.

5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.

問題1選項

A.ratherbleak

B.veryimpressive

C.fairlybright

D.quiteencouraging

問題2選項

A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

問題3選項

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

C.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

問題4選項

A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

問題5選項

A.upset

B.alarmed

C.uncertain

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段第二句“…27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatsufficienttosurviveinoursociety.2700萬美國人根本不能進行閱讀，還有3500萬美國人的閱讀水平足以在我們的社會中生存?！笨芍狝項“相當凄涼的”與原文相符。B項“令人印象深刻”；C項“非常有希望的”；D項“非常令人鼓舞”。因此A選項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句“Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence…但是，今天我自己所擔心的，與其說是基本識字這一壓倒一切的問題，還不如說是一個稍微奢侈一點的問題：甚至是中產(chǎn)階級讀者的閱讀技能在下降，他們不愿給自己留出沉默的空間……”可知D項“中產(chǎn)階級的閱讀能力和閱讀行為”與原文相符。A項“小學生對閱讀經(jīng)典名著不感興趣”，原文并沒有相關表達；B項“美國社會讀寫能力出奇的低”，原文并沒有相關表達；C項“美國讀者需要閱讀的音樂背景”，原文并沒有相關表達。因此D選項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第二段第四句“Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration...這種對專注、沉默和孤獨的侵犯觸及了我們對識字概念的核心；這種在背景干擾下的部分閱讀、部分感知的新形式，使得某些基本的理解和集中行為變得不可能……”可知C項“他們?nèi)狈Ｗ⒑突纠斫狻迸c原文相符。A項“他們喜歡音樂和電視節(jié)目”，原文并沒有相關表達；B項“他們對各種形式的藝術和文學的忽視”，原文并沒有相關表達；D項“他們不能專注于相沖突的信息”，原文并沒有相關表達。因此C選項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第三行中“…letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.更不用說對一首他或她真正喜歡的詩歌或散文最重要的贊頌了，那就是把它熟記在心。不是靠頭腦，而是靠記憶；這種表達方式至關重要?！笨芍狝項“為了能夠欣賞它并記住它”與原文相符。B項“分析其本質(zhì)特征”，原文并沒有相關表達；C項“認真考慮它”，原文并沒有相關表達；D項“對其藝術價值做出公正的評價”，原文并沒有相關表達。因此A選項正確。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。由題干定位到文章最后一段最后一句“Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.在圖書行業(yè)中，沒有人可以自信地說出我們所知曉的圖書的未來將是什么?！笨芍狢項“不確定的”正確。A項“不安的”；B項“擔心的”；D項“悲觀的”。因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

問題1選項

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項regular“定期的；有規(guī)律的；合格的；整齊的；普通的”；B選項immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；D選項temporary“暫時的，臨時的”。句意：公司每月定期檢查支出情況。結合此處關鍵詞periodical“[數(shù)]周期的；定期的”，得知A選項正確。

17.單選題

IamsurethatSmithwill______whatIhavesaid.

問題1選項

A.bearup

B.bearout

C.beardown

D.bearaway

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項bearup“使振作，不氣餒”，B項bearout“證實，支持”，C項beardown“擊敗，壓倒”，D項bearaway“改變航道，奪走，奪取”。由sure可知，空格處填入“支持”符合語境。句意：我相信史密斯會支持我所說的話。因此，該題選擇B項。

18.單選題

Accidentsarecaused;theydon’tjusthappen.Thereasonmaybeeasytosee:anoverloadedtray,ashelfoutofreach,apatchoficeontheroad.Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tirednessorjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.

Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesorothers.

Bydefinition,anaccidentissomethingyoucannotpredictoravoid,andtheideawhichusedtobecurrent,thatthemajorityofroadaccidentsarecausedbyaminorityofcriminallycarelessdrivers,isnotsupportedbyinsurancestatistics.Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.

Itisnotalways,clear,either,whatsortofconditionsmakepeoplemorelikelytohaveanaccident.Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesuretheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoanaccident.Theseaccidentsarelargelytheresultofhumanerrorormisjudgment—noiseandfatigue,boredomorworryarepossiblefactorswhichcontributetothis.Doctorswhoworkinfactorieshavefoundthatthosewhodrinktoomuch,usuallypeoplewhohaveahighanxietylevel,runthreetimesthenormalriskofaccidentsatwork.

1.Thepassagemightbetakenfrom______.

2.Thewriterindicatesthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasafactorofaccidents?

4.“Accident-prone”(Para2)probablymeans______.

5.Whichoffollowingcouldserveasthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.atextbook

B.asciencefiction

C.apopularmagazine

D.anannualreportofacompany

問題2選項

A.Britishpeopleareoftenabsentminded.

B.doctorsshouldworkinfactoriestoavoidaccidents.

C.driversarethefactorleadingtoroadaccidents.

D.therearealwayssomepeoplewhofailtoobserveregulations.

問題3選項

A.anxiety

B.tiredness

C.badweather

D.carelessness

問題4選項

A.liabletohaveaccidents

B.likelytobekilledinaccidents

C.responsibleforroadaccidents

D.possibletoavoidaccidents

問題5選項

A.CausesofAccidents

B.PreventionofAccidents

C.ResultsofAccidents

D.AccidentsandAnxiety

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章可能出自……”。本文主要講述的是事故發(fā)生的人為原因，第一段點明主題Accidentsarecaused;theydon'tjusthappen.（事故是人為造成的，不是自然發(fā)生的）；第二段和第三段講交通事故發(fā)生的人為原因；第四段進一步分析舉例論證事故發(fā)生的人為因素。這樣的文章結構相比較而言更可能出現(xiàn)在教科書上，A項“一本教科書”正確；事故的原因不可能會出現(xiàn)在B項“一本科幻小說”、C項“一本受歡迎的雜志”或者D項“一份公司年度報告”中。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“作者指出……”。根據(jù)第四段中的Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesuretheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoanaccident.（例如，法律要求所有工廠采取安全預防措施，大多數(shù)公司都有安全委員會以確保這些規(guī)定得到遵守，但是，在英國每天仍然有大約5萬名男女由于事故而缺勤）可知，A項“英國人經(jīng)常心不在焉”和D項“總有一些人不遵守規(guī)章制度”與文章不符；B項“醫(yī)生應該在工廠工作以避免事故”沒有提到；根據(jù)第三段最后一句Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.（這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，大多數(shù)事故都是由于普通司機一時的粗心大意造成的）可知，C項“司機是導致交通事故的因素”表述無誤。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“下列哪一個選項沒有被提到是導致事故的因素？”。第一段最后一句話指出Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tirednessorjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.（但往往是一連串的事件導致了不幸—沮喪、疲勞或只是壞脾氣—事故其實是對自己的一種攻擊。）可知，A項“焦慮”和B項“疲憊”正確；根據(jù)第三段最后一句Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.（這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，大多數(shù)事故都是由于普通司機一時的粗心大意造成的）可知，D項“粗心大意”也正確；只有C項“天氣不好”在文中沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第二段中的‘Accident-prone’可能是什么意思？”。根據(jù)第二段Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesorothers.（例如，交通事故經(jīng)常發(fā)生在家庭爭吵之后，我們都知道那些accident-prone的人，他們經(jīng)常與自己和世界發(fā)生沖突，以至于他們似乎給自己或他人造成了事故。），結合語境可以推測，“accident-prone”的意思是“容易發(fā)生事故的”，A項“容易發(fā)生事故”正確；B項“可能在事故中死亡”、C項“對交通事故負責”和D項“可能避免事故”都不對。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“下列哪一個可以作為這篇文章的最佳標題？”。整篇文章通篇講述的是引起事故的一些因素和原因，因此A項“事故的原因”最符合；B項“預防交通事故”、C項“事故的結果”和D項“事故和焦慮”概括都不夠準確。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

19.單選題

21-25

問題1選項

A.Thelinkbetweenweightlossandsleepdeprivation.

B.Thelinkbetweenweightgainandsleepdeprivation.

C.Thelinkbetweenweightlossandphysicalexercise.

D.Thelinkbetweenweightgainandphysicalexercise.

問題2選項

A.Morethan68000.

B.Morethan60800.

C.Morethan60080.

D.Morethan60008.

問題3選項

A.Seven-hoursleepersgainedmoreweightovertimethanfive-hourones.

B.Five-hoursleepersgainedmoreweightovertimethanseven-hourones.

C.Short-sleeperswere15%morelikelytobecomeobese.

D.Short-sleepersconsumedfewercaloriesthanlongsleepers.24.

問題4選項

A.Overeatingamongthesleep-deprived.

B.Littleexerciseamongthesleep-deprived.

C.Lowermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleep.

D.Highermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleep.25.

問題5選項

A.Exerciseeveryday.

B.Takedietpills.

C.Goonadiet.

D.Sleepmore.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】Here’sadreamyweight-lossplan:takeanap.That’sthemessagefromworkbySanjayPatelatCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio.(21)(22)(23)Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight.

Controllingforotherdifferencesbetweenthegroups,Patelfoundthatwomenwhoslept5hoursorlessgained0.7kilogramsmoreonaverageover10yearsthan7-hoursleepers.Theshort-sleepinggroupwasalso32percentmorelikelytohavegained15kilogramsormore,and15percentmorelikelytohavebecomeobese.

Significantly,theshort-sleepersconsumedfewercaloriesthanthosewhoslept7hours,saysPatel,whopresentedhisresultsthisweekattheAmericanThoracicSocietyInternationalConferenceinSanDiego,California.Thisfindingoverturnsthecommonviewthatovereatingamongthesleep-deprivedexplainssuchweightdifferences.

(24)Lowermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleepmaybethereasonbehindtheweightgain,Patelsuggests.(25)“Itobviouslyalsosuggeststhatgettingpeopletosleepmoremightbearelativelyeasywaytohelppeopleloseweight,”hesays.

21.WhatdidPatel’sstudyindicate?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight”可知，應該講的是睡眠不足與體重增加的問題。故選B。

22.HowmanysubjectsdidPatelhaveinhisstudy?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfound...”可知，受試對象超過68000。故選A。

23.AccordingtoPatel’sstudy,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight”可知，A選項恰與之意思相反。故選A。

24.AccordingtoPatel,whatmightbethereasonbehindtheweightdifferences?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容“Lowermetabolicratebehindtheweightgain”可知，由于睡眠時間少而導致的代謝緩慢可能是體重增加的原因。故選C。

25.WhatsuggestionwillPatelgivetothosewhowanttoloseweight?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容“Itobviouslyalsosuggeststhatgettingpeopletosleepmoremightbearelativelyeasywaytohelppeopleloseweight”可知，對于要減肥的人們來說，多睡會兒可能會起作用。故選D。

20.單選題

Youmustremembernotto（

）fromthepointwhenyouwriteanessay.

問題1選項

A.goastray

B.wander

C.diverge

D.gooff

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析、動詞詞義辨析。goastray“走入歧途；迷路”；wander“徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge“分化；分歧，相異；偏離”；gooff“離開，進行；變質(zhì)”。句意：你必須記住當你寫論文的時候不要偏離主題。選項C符合題意。

21.單選題

Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.

Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallenduphuddledroundlisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthus-and-suchawayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.Theyhavecomeoutoftheircocoon(蠶繭)—intoalargercocoon.

Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Industryhasfirmlycarvedoutateenagemarket.Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementswhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.Andmanyoftoday’sparentshavecometoawardhighmarksforthepopularityoftheirchildren.Allthisaddsuptoagreatbarrierfortheteenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.

Butthebarrierisworthclimbingover.Thepathisworthfollowing.Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon’tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhoyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.

1.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageistotell______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtoactontheirown,but,infact,mostofthem______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthorthinksofadvertisementsas______.

5.Duringtheteenageyears,oneshouldlearnto______.

問題1選項

A.readershowtobepopularwithpeoplearound

B.teenagershowtolearntodecidethingsforthemselves

C.parentshowtocontrolandguidetheirchildren

D.peoplehowtounderstandandrespecteachother

問題2選項

A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachother

B.lackconfidence

C.darenotcopewithproblemssingle-handed

D.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost

問題3選項

A.Thereisnopopularitythatreallycounts.

B.Whatmanyparentsaredoingisinfacthinderingtheirchildrenfromfindingtheirownpaths.

C.Itisnotnecessarilybadforateenagertodisagreewithhisorherclassmates.

D.Mostteenagersclaimthattheywanttodowhattheyliketo,buttheyareactuallydoingthesame.

問題4選項

A.convincing

B.influential

C.instructive

D.authoritative

問題5選項

A.differfromothersinasmanywaysaspossible

B.getintotherightseasonandbecomepopular

C.findone’srealself

D.rebelagainstparentsandthepopularitywave

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結合全文可知，本文對當前青少年的心理及行為加以剖析，認為他們雖然向標榜自己特立獨行，卻還是順應大流，和其他人做一樣的事，最后提出建議：青少年應該發(fā)現(xiàn)自己，做你自己。因此B選項“青少年如何學會為自己決定事情”正確。A選項“讀者如何受到周圍人的歡迎”，C選項“父母如何控制和引導他們的孩子”，D選項“人們?nèi)绾卫斫夂妥鹬貙Ψ健痹谖闹芯鶝]有提及，所以A,C,D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.（他們中