考研考博-英語-中國人民警察大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國人民警察大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

ARepublicanplantocontroltherisingcostofSocialSecuritywouldgreatlyreduceretirementbenefitsformiddle-andupper-incomeAmericans,especiallythosenowyoungerthan25,accordingtoananalysisreleasedWednesdaybytheprogram'schiefactuary（精算師）.Theplan,byRep.PaulRyan,RepublicanofWisconsin,wouldreducebenefitsbygraduallyraisingtheretirementageandgraduallycuttingbenefitsforthetop70percentofearners.

Together,thetwoprovisionswouldreduceinitialbenefitsbyaboutaquarterformiddle-incomeAmericanswhoturn65in2050,accordingtotheanalysis.Wealthierretireeswouldseeevendeepercuts,losingaboutathirdofscheduledbenefitsin2050andmorethanhalfofscheduledbenefitsiftheyturn65in2080.

Withcongressionalelectionslessthantwoweeksaway,theRyanplanhasbeenafrequenttargetforDemocratsaccusingtheGOPofplottingtogutSocialSecurity.ButthereportbyStephenGoss,chiefactuaryfortheSocialSecurityAdministration,alsoexaminesotherideasforoverhaulingtheprogram,includingseveralunderdiscussionbyadeficit（赤字）-reductioncommissionappointedbyPresidentObama.LeadersinbothpartiessaySocialSecuritymaypresentthebestopportunityforcompromiseonthecommission,whichisduetoissueareportDec.1.

Goss'sanalysisshowsthatthoseideasmaynotbemuchmorepleasantthanRyan'splan.Forexample,allowingtheretirementagetocontinuerisingtwomonthsperyearuntilithitsage70wouldcutinitialbenefitsbynearly20percentforanyoneturning65in2050.Meanwhile,thecommissionistalkingaboutcuttingthecost-of-livingincreaseretireesreceiveeachyear,aswellascuttingtheirinitialbenefits.

"There'sbeenalotofdiscussionabouthoweasyitwouldbetocutSocialSecurityinordertosaveit,'saidRep.EarlPomeroy,DemocratofNorthDakota,whorequestedthereportaschairmanoftheHouseWaysandMeanssubcommitteeonSocialSecurity.‘Thenewanalysisrevealsthattheseproposalsresultinbenefitscutsrangingfrom10percenttoashighas50percent.…That'snotwhatI’dall'saving'SocialSecurity.’

RyanspokesmanConorSweeneysaidGossdidnotanalyzethefulleffectofRyan'splantobalancethefederalbudgetandignoredRyan'sproposaltoguaranteeahigherminimumbenefittolow-incomeretirees.Moretothepoint,Sweeneysaid,failingtooverhaulSocialSecurity—whichisalreadypayingoutmorethanitcollectsfrompayrolltaxes―willcausemoreimmediateharm."AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAdministration,CongressmanPomeroy'sdo-nothingplanwillimposepainfulacross-the-boardbenefitcutsoncurrentseniorsandthosenearingretirement,"

Sweeneysaid."Itisdeeplyirresponsibleforelectedleaderstostandidlewithicyindifferenceasthesocialsafetynetcollapses."

1.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheplanbyPaulRyan?

2.Whatdoestheword“gut’inthe3rdparagraphmean?

3.EarlPomeroyholdstheideathat（

）.

4.Astothelow-incomeretirees,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itencouragespeopletoretireasearlyaspossible.

B.Ithaslittleinfluenceontheupper-incomeretirees.

C.ItwasmadetocontrolthecostofSocialSecurity.

D.Itwillincreasethelower-incomeAmericana’sbenefits.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Cut.

B.Spoil.

C.Misuse.

D.Abolish.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.retiringat70willleadtonoinitialbenefitscuts

B.Ryan’splanisthebestwaytosaveSocialSecurity

C.initialbenefitscutsshouldbelimitedunder20%

D.initialbenefitscutsishelplessforSocialSecurity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theywereignoredbyGossinhisanalysis

B.Ryanpaidnoattentiontothemintheplan

C.Sweeneyproposedahigherminimumbenefit

D.theyaffordmorepayrolltaxesthantheothers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句‘PaulRyan,RepublicanofWisconsin,wouldreducebenefitsbygraduallyraisingtheretirementageandgraduallycuttingbenefitsforthetop70percentofearners.威斯康星州共和黨人保羅瑞安(PaulRyan)將通過逐步提高退休年齡和逐步削減收入最高的70%人群的福利來減少福利?！_定A選項(xiàng)‘它鼓勵人們盡早退休’,B選項(xiàng)‘它對高收入的退休人員幾乎沒有影響’,D選項(xiàng)‘它將增加低收入美國人的福利’錯誤，C選項(xiàng)‘這是為了控制社會保障的成本’符合題意。

2.文章第三段劃線單詞所在句子句意‘瑞安計(jì)劃一直是民主黨人指責(zé)共和黨陰謀削弱社會保障的一個常見目標(biāo)?！詆ut意思是‘削減’，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

.3根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段‘‘Thenewanalysisrevealsthattheseproposalsresultinbenefitscutsrangingfrom10percenttoashighas50percent.…That'snotwhatI’dall'saving'SocialSecurity.’新的分析顯示，這些提議導(dǎo)致的福利削減幅度從10%到50%不等。這并不是我所希望的拯救社會保障體系的方法?！芍狣選項(xiàng)‘最初的福利削減對社會保障來說是無能為力的’正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段第一句話‘RyanspokesmanConorSweeneysaidGossdidnotanalyzethefulleffectofRyan'splantobalancethefederalbudgetandignoredRyan'sproposaltoguaranteeahigherminimumbenefittolow-incomeretirees.Ryan發(fā)言人ConorSweeney稱，Goss并未全面分析Ryan平衡聯(lián)邦預(yù)算計(jì)劃的效果，且忽略了Ryan為低收入退休人員提供更高最低福利的提議。’可知A選項(xiàng)‘他們在Goss的分析中被忽略了’正確。

2.單選題

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)continuous“連續(xù)不斷的”，指整個事發(fā)的過程都沒有中斷；B項(xiàng)continual“持續(xù)不斷的”，指一再的、頻繁的、反復(fù)發(fā)生的；C項(xiàng)constant“不變的、恒定的”；D項(xiàng)contrary“相反的、對立的”；句意：城邦國家之間頻繁的沖突導(dǎo)致希臘文明最終衰落。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

3.填空題

We’ve（1）indeterminingthenatureofthesoilpollutioninthisarea.We（2）labtestsonsoilsamplesanddetectedthepresenceofthreeheavymetalsinharmfulquantities.Nowweneedtofindoutwhatthe（3）oftheheavymetalsis:Wherearetheycomingfrom?

【答案】controversies;performed;origin

【解析】句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭議。我們做了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)室測試，從大量有害物質(zhì)中檢測出三種重金屬的存在?，F(xiàn)在我們需要找出這些重金屬的來源：它們是從哪里來的？

1.語義題。句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭議。

2.固定搭配。Performtestson做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

3.語義題。根據(jù)冒號后面的內(nèi)容Wherearetheycomingfrom?“它們是從哪里來的”可知此處是問“起源，來源”，故填origin。

4.單選題

InmostcountriesaPhDisabasicrequirementforacareerinacademia.Itisa(n)（1）totheworldofindependentresearch一akindofintellectual（2）,createdbyanapprenticeinclosecollaborationwitha(n)（3）.Therequirementstocompleteone（4）enormouslybetweencountries,universitiesandeven（5）.Somestudentswillfirsthavetospendtwoyearsworkingona（6）degreeordiploma.Somewillreceiveastipend;otherswill（7）theirownway.SomePhDs（8）onlyresearch,somerequire（9）andexaminationsandsomerequirethestudenttoteachundergraduates.A(n)（10）canbedozensofpagesinmathematics,ormanyhundredsinhistory.Asaresult,newlymintedPhDscanbeasyoungastheir（11）20sorworld-wearyforty-（12）.

OnethingmanyPhDstudentshavein（13）isdissatisfaction.Somedescribetheirwork（14）“slavelabor”.Seven-dayweeks,ten-hourdays,lowpayanduncertain（15）arewidespread.Youknowyouareagraduatestudent,（16）acomment,whenyourofficeisbetterdecoratedthanyourhomeandyouhaveafavoriteflavorof（17）noodles.“Itisn’tgraduateschoolitselfthatisdiscouraging,”saysonestudent,whoconfessestoratherenjoyingthehuntforfreepizza.“What’sdiscouragingisrealizingtheendpointhasbeenpulledoutofreach.”

WhiningPhDstudentsarenothingnew,butthereseemtobegenuineproblems（18）thesystemthatproducesresearchdoctorates(thepractical“professionaldoctorates”infieldssuchaslaw,businessandmedicinehaveamoreobviousvalue).ThereisanoversupplyofPhDs.Althoughadoctorateis（19）astrainingforajobinacademia,thenumberofPhDpositionsis（20）tothenumberofjobopenings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conclusion

B.introduction

C.steppingstone

D.milestone

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.paper

B.project

C.masterpiece

D.exercises

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.student

B.assistant

C.supervisor

D.editor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.change

B.alter

C.fluctuate

D.vary

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.subjects

B.lessons

C.sectors

D.courses

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.bachelor’s

B.doctorate’s

C.master’s

D.engineer’s

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.pay

B.find

C.fight

D.pick

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.participate

C.take

D.involve

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.credits

B.exercises

C.classes

D.experiments

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.thesis

B.book

C.assignment

D.report

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.earlier

B.earliest

C.early

D.earliness

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.something

B.somethings

C.anything

D.anythings

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.odd

B.contradiction

C.similarity

D.common

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.of

C.to

D.as

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.prospects

B.perspectives

C.potentials

D.speculations

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.going

B.goes

C.hasgone

D.go

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.fast

B.quick

C.rapid

D.instant

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.with

C.upon

D.to

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.compared

B.designed

C.suspected

D.admitted

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.unrelated

B.uncorrelated

C.proportional

D.coincident

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】第1題:（1）根據(jù)原文句意：博士學(xué)位是進(jìn)入獨(dú)立研究這個領(lǐng)域的入門階段。steppingstone墊腳石，帶有貶義色彩，所以不正確；milestone里程碑。選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語境。

（2）句意：博士學(xué)位也是一種智力杰作，由學(xué)徒與導(dǎo)師密切合作完成。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（3）apprentice意為“徒弟”,所以填空處應(yīng)該為導(dǎo)師，選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

（4）句意:在不同的國家，不同的大學(xué)，完成一門課程的要求都有很大的不同。vary強(qiáng)調(diào)多樣性，所以更符合原文語境。

（5）完成一門課程應(yīng)該是各個學(xué)科的要求。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文句意。

（6）文章主要講的是博士學(xué)位，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（7）payone’sownway為固定搭配，意為“完全自費(fèi)”。句意：有些人將獲得助學(xué)金；另一些人則是完全自費(fèi)。選項(xiàng)A正確。

（8）句意：有些博士只需要從事研究。attend出席，不符合原文；participate一般與介詞in搭配；take一般不跟research搭配。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

（9）根據(jù)下文的“examinations”可知這是一種先上課然后考試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（10）畢業(yè)需要寫論文，所以這里應(yīng)填入thesis。句意：一篇論文可以是幾十頁的數(shù)學(xué)論文，也可以是幾百頁的歷史論文。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（11）選項(xiàng)中能與年齡搭配的只有選項(xiàng)C。

（12）forty-somethings為復(fù)合詞，指“四十幾歲的人”。

（13）haveincommon“有共同之處”。句意:許多博士生都有一個共同之處，那就是感到不滿意。選項(xiàng)D符合原文句意。

（14）describe…as…為常用搭配，意為“把……形容為/描述為...”。句意：有些博士生把他們的工作描述為“奴隸勞動”。

（15）prospects前景；perspectives視角；potentials潛力；speculations投機(jī)。根據(jù)句意:每周工作7天，每天工作10小時(shí)，工資低，前途未卜，這些現(xiàn)象都很普遍。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（16）這里采用了倒裝語序，陳述語序?yàn)?asacommentgoes，意為“有評論說”。類似于asasayinggoes。這里是將goes提前且省略了as。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（17）根據(jù)原文可知，這里應(yīng)該指方便面或速食面。instantnoodles為常用搭配，其他選項(xiàng)均不能與noodles搭配。

（18）句意：這一體系似乎真正存在問題。with表示問題是伴隨著系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)的。

（19）句意：盡管博士學(xué)位主要是為學(xué)術(shù)研究而設(shè)計(jì)的...。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（20）句意：盡管博士學(xué)位主要是為學(xué)術(shù)研究而設(shè)計(jì)的，但博士職位的數(shù)量與職位空缺的數(shù)量卻毫無關(guān)聯(lián)。uncorrelatedto“與...毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的”。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

第6題:

第7題:

第8題:

第9題:

第10題:

第11題:

第12題:

第13題:

第14題:

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5.單選題

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。continuously“繼續(xù)地”；unwittingly“不知不覺地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我們原意是打算談?wù)摴ぷ鞯?，但是不知不覺就談到了足球。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.寫作題

Directions:Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,usingrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.

Someeducationalsystemsemphasizethedevelopmentofstudent’scapacityforreasoningandlogicalthinking,butstudentswouldbenefitmorefromaneducationthatalsotaughtthemtoexploretheirownemotions.Writeacompositionofabout400wordsentitledStudentsWouldBenefitsMorefromanEducationofEmotions.

【答案】【略】

7.單選題

Theirsuccessinincreasingthemarketshareresultedfromtheirbreak-throughin（）oftheproductconfiguration.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quality

B.stereotype

C.ads

D.maintenance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”；B選項(xiàng)stereotype“老套、成見”；C選項(xiàng)ads“廣告”；D選項(xiàng)maintenance“維持、保養(yǎng)”，句意為：他們之所以能成功地提高市場份額，是因?yàn)樗麄冊诋a(chǎn)品配置的質(zhì)量上取得了突破。quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”符合題意，因此選A。

8.單選題

YoucannotimaginehowIfeel（

）withmydutiessometimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overflowed

B.overthrown

C.overwhelmed

D.overturned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overflow“溢出；擠滿”；B選項(xiàng)overthrow“推翻；瓦解；背棄”；C選項(xiàng)overwhelm“淹沒；壓倒；受打擊”；D選項(xiàng)overturn“推翻；傾覆”。句意：你無法想象有時(shí)我被工作……的感受。此處必然是強(qiáng)調(diào)工作內(nèi)容過多的感受，overwhelm可表示“被工作淹沒”，但一般與by搭配，可排除。只剩下A選項(xiàng)overflowwithduties，表示“滿載重負(fù)”。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

我崇拜朝氣，喜歡自由，贊美膽量大的，精力強(qiáng)的。一個人行為或精神上有朝氣，不在蠅頭小利上打算計(jì)較，不拘泥于物質(zhì)攫取與人世毀譽(yù)；他能挺起脊梁，堅(jiān)持走自己的路，他所學(xué)的或同我所學(xué)的完全是兩樣?xùn)|西，他的政治思想或與我的極其相反，他的宗教信仰或與我的格格不入，那不礙事，我仍然覺得他是個朋友，這是個人。我喜歡這種人，也尊敬這種人。這種人也許粗魯了一點(diǎn)，但一切偉大事業(yè)偉大作品就只有這類人才有份，他不可避免會失敗，但決不會輕易放棄。

【答案】Iworshipvitalityandfreedom,andIadmirethepluckyandthestronginheart.Apersonwhoisfullofvitalityinbehaviorandspiritwouldbeneitherconcernedwithpettyprofitsnorconstrainedbythematerialprosperityandreputation.Hecanbeuprightandinsistonhisownway.Thoughwhathehaslearntistotallydifferentfromthatofmine,aswellaspoliticalthoughtsandreligiousbelief,allofthesedonotmatter.Istillconsiderhimasmyfriendandarealman.Ilikehimandalsorespecthiskindofperson.Maybetheyarealittlerude,butonlythiskindofmencanaccomplishgreatworksandcause.Inevitably,hemaybefail,buthewillnevergiveupeasily.

10.單選題

I______themeetingyesterday,butsomeurgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oughttoattend

B.wasabouttoattend

C.wastohaveattended

D.wastoattend

【答案】C

【解析】考查謂語動詞。A選項(xiàng)oughttoattend“應(yīng)該參加”；B選項(xiàng)wasabouttoattend“即將參加，正打算參加”；C選項(xiàng)wastohaveattended“本來要參加（卻結(jié)果沒參加）”；D選項(xiàng)wastoattend“將要參加（表示預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定）”。句意：我本來打算昨天參加會議的，但有一件緊急的事阻止我前往。根據(jù)urgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming“緊急的事阻止我前往”可知，我原本想?yún)⒓訒h，C選項(xiàng)wastohaveattended“本來要參加（卻結(jié)果沒參加）”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Themomentmymothercamehomeafteraday'sworkshelitthefireand（）makingthesoup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setaside

B.setabout

C.setoff

D.setup

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在工作了一整天后，我媽一下班，她就打開火，開始熬湯。

考查短語辨析。setaside不理會，放置…一方；setabout開始做，著手做setoff出發(fā)；setup建立。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Therearesome65speciesofNewWorldmonkeys.Manyofthesehaveaveryusefulanatomicaladaptationlackingintheiroldworldcounterpartsthatcurious“fifthhand’’,theprehensile（適手抓住的）tail.Andinafewspeciesthegrippingtailhasdevelopedtosuchasextentthatisactuallyhas“fingerprints”onthetip.Whileofcourseatailisnot-acceptedwithfingers,itcansometimesbeevenmoreusefulthananarmoraleg.Aspidermonkey’stail,forinstance,islongerthanitsheadandbodycombined,andisfrequentlyusedinsteadofahandtograspdistantobjects.Othermonkeyslessfortunateareforcedtorelegateatleastonelimbtosupportwhiletheyfeed,whereasmonkeysendowedwithprehensilitycanhangbytheirtailswhiletheyfeastwithbothhandsandfeet.AfewNewWorldmonkeyshavealsoevolvedarmsandshouldersthataresuitableforswinginghandoverhandthroughthetreesliketheAsiaticgibbons.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（

）.

2.Theauthorprobablybelievesthatamonkeyusesitsprehensiletailespeciallyfor

3.Inthesecondsentence,theword“their”refersto（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheAsiaticgibbonsandcertainNewWorldmonkeysaresimilarinwhatrespect?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.certainevolutionaryadvantagesofNewWorldmonkeys

B.feedinghabitsofthespidermonkey

C.thedevelopmentofarmsandshouldersinNewWorldmonkeys

D.someanatomicaladaptationsofAsiaticgibbons

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.runningoveragrassyplain

B.supportingitselfwhileeating

C.swimmingacrossariver

D.defendingitselfagainstenemies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.NewWorldmonkeys

B.OldWorldmonkeys

C.spidermonkeys

D.Asiaticgibbons

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thelengthoftheirtails

B.Theirmatinghabits

C.Theabilitytogripwiththeirfeet

D.Theirupperbodystructure

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Somemonkeysusetheirhandstograspobjects.

B.Aspidermonkeyhasaverylongtail.

C.Aprehensiletailhasfingers.

D.Asiaticgibbonscanswingthroughtrees.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章主要介紹了新世界猴與其他種類猴相比所具有的進(jìn)化優(yōu)勢。其中最主要的是進(jìn)化出適合抓握的尾巴以及類似于亞洲長臂猿的適合在樹上擺蕩的手臂和肩膀。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章中提到whereasmonkeysendowedwithprehensilitycanhangbytheirtailswhiletheyfeastwithbothhandsandfeet，可知新世界猴在吃食物的時(shí)候能夠用尾巴懸掛身體從而使雙手雙腳抓東西吃。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.their后面接的內(nèi)容是“它們在舊世界的同類”，可知their指的是新世界猴。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章最后一句話AfewNewWorldmonkeyshavealsoevolvedarmsandshouldersthataresuitableforswinginghandoverhandthroughthetreesliketheAsiaticgibbons提到一些新世界猴進(jìn)化出了類似于亞洲長臂猿那樣的手臂和肩膀，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章提到whileofcourseatailisnot-acceptedwithfingers（尾巴上并沒有長手指，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Weallwanttofeelimportantandsowe___thepositiveattentionofothers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.craft

B.crave

C.crack

D.craze

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)craft“精巧地制作”；B選項(xiàng)crave“渴望；懇求”；C選項(xiàng)crack“使破裂；將（谷物）粗磨；砸開（保險(xiǎn)箱）；成功獲得；（可聽到響聲的）重?fù)?；（使）發(fā)出爆裂聲；（突然）變嘶??；使屈服；（非正式）吃不消；（非正式）突然大笑；（非正式）找到解決方法；阻止；開瓶；說（笑話）；使（碳?xì)浠衔铮┝鸦?；D選項(xiàng)craze“使發(fā)狂；使產(chǎn)生紋裂”。句意：我們都想感到自己很重要，所以我們渴望得到別人的積極關(guān)注。本句表達(dá)“我們渴望得到別人的關(guān)注”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslationsystemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemands.

Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.，translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemsproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.

Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.

Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.

Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,（

）.

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationsystems,

（

）.

4.Translationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,etc,isnowthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropebecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegree

B.littlecouldbedonebyMTsystemsdevelopedsofar

C.MTsystemscandomuchbetterthanhumantranslators

D.considerablerevisiononMTproducedtextsisneeded

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aregrowingfastinnumber

B.complainalotaboutitspoorquality

C.cangetlittlefromtheuneditedoutput

D.wouldratherhavenotranslationatall

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onecancommunicateonthetelephonewithanotherwhospeaksadifferentlanguage

B.interpreterswillnolongerbeusefulininternationalnegotiationsorconferences

C.itwillbeonlynaturalthatpeoplewillfindlittleneedtolearnaforeignlanguage

D.peoplewillfindnocausetocomplainaboutthequalityoftextsturnedoutbyMTsystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Europeanshavelittledifficultyinoralcommunication

B.therearemorelanguagesspokeninEuropethaninanyotherregionsoftheworld

C.thereisneedforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontoaccessdataindifferentlanguages

D.thereislessdifficultyindevelopingMTsystemshandlinglanguagessimilartoeachother

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第二段中“However，MTsystemsproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.”“然而，MT系統(tǒng)生成輸出總是必須修正或“后編”，翻譯人員是否達(dá)到質(zhì)量要求。有時(shí)這種修訂可能是實(shí)質(zhì)性的，因此MT系統(tǒng)實(shí)際上正在產(chǎn)生一個“草稿”“翻譯”可知D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“MT系統(tǒng)的性能在很大程度上是令人滿意的”；B項(xiàng)“到目前為止，MT系統(tǒng)所能做的很少”；C項(xiàng)“MT系統(tǒng)可以比人工翻譯做得更好”；D項(xiàng)“需要對MT產(chǎn)生的文本進(jìn)行大量修訂”

2.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“數(shù)量迅速增長”；B項(xiàng)“抱怨質(zhì)量太差”；C項(xiàng)“從未編輯的輸出中可以得到很少的東西”；D項(xiàng)“寧愿不要翻譯”。由題干定位到第三段中“WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.”“隨著市場上更便宜的基于pc的系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)，這種類型的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)迅速而顯著地增長?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。定位到第四段中“Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—tilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.語音識別與自動翻譯相結(jié)合的問題顯然難以解決，但仍在不斷取得進(jìn)展。在未來—仍然遙遠(yuǎn)，或許，我們可以期待在高度受限的領(lǐng)域中實(shí)現(xiàn)語音翻譯的在線MT系統(tǒng)?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段中“ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.這一領(lǐng)域是歐洲目前許多項(xiàng)目中的重點(diǎn)，目的是訪問所有歐盟成員國的數(shù)據(jù)和信息來源的源語言。”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Arrivinganywherewiththesepossessions,hemightjustaseasilyputupforamonthorayearasforasingleday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.last

B.stay

C.arrange

D.manage

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.last持續(xù)B.stay暫住

C.arrange安排D.manage管理

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】前文提到“他帶著這些東西到任何地方去（Arrivinganywhere）”，后文提到“____一個月或者一年和____一天一樣簡單”，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是指到某個地方去并且待一段時(shí)間，原文putup“（~somewhere）留宿”，因此，B選項(xiàng)stay“暫住”符合句意，且與原文接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語義。

【句意】他帶著這些東西到任何地方去，住上一個月或一年就像住一天一樣簡單。

16.單選題

Newtechnologyismakingthetraditionalfarmingmachineryandmethods（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficient

B.emergent

C.obsolete

D.nostalgic

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。efficient“有效率的”；emergent“緊急的”；obsolete“過時(shí)的”；nostalgic“懷舊的”。句意：新的科技使傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械和方法漸漸過時(shí)了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

Georgewas（）frommilitaryservicewhilehewasstillinschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.exempted

D.stopped

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prevented“阻止；避免”；B選項(xiàng)restrained“抑制；約束”；C選項(xiàng)exempted“免除；豁免”；D選項(xiàng)stopped“停止；終止”。句意：喬治還在學(xué)校的時(shí)候就被……服兵役。militaryservice“兵役”，服兵役是一項(xiàng)責(zé)任。exempt做形容詞有被免除責(zé)任和義務(wù)的意思，而且exemptsb.fromsth.為固定搭配，意為“免除某人某事”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis（）thanTim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchmoresportsman

B.moreofasportsman

C.moreofsportsman

D.moreasportsman

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞的程度比較。對于一些可顯示程度的名詞，把帶of的數(shù)量詞放在其前面可以表示程度的修飾，且這種結(jié)構(gòu)只能與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，名詞前要加不定冠詞。moreofasportsmanthanTim表示他比蒂姆更愛好運(yùn)動，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Youmustreadbetweenthelinestogetthe（）meaning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unanimous

B.underlying

C.ultimate

D.universal

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。unanimous意見相同的,

全體一致的；underlying潛在的；ultimate最終的,

根本的；universal普遍的,

通用的。句意：你必須從字里行間去領(lǐng)會其深層含義。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

20.單選題

（）ofthethreesistersyouchoosetomarry,youwillhaveagoodwife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whichever

B.Which

C.Whatever

D.Any

【答案】A

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。無論三個姐妹你選擇哪一個結(jié)婚，你都將擁有一個好妻子。A選項(xiàng)whichever“無論哪一個”，B選項(xiàng)which，“哪個”，C選項(xiàng)whatever“無論什么”，D選項(xiàng)any“任何的”，C選項(xiàng)whichever，“不論哪個”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhich，其意為“無論哪個”“不管哪個”，在句中充當(dāng)定語或者賓語，例如：Whicheveryouchoose,theotherswillbeoffended.無論你選哪個，都會冒犯其余的人。D選項(xiàng)any不能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。句意：不論這三個姐姐你選哪一個結(jié)婚，你都將有一個好妻子。綜上所述，本題選A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Thoughtherearehundredsoftestpapers,Icanpickhisoutwithouthesitation,forhishandwritingisquite（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manifest

B.separate

C.distinct

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】句意：盡管有好幾百張?jiān)嚲?但我可以毫不猶豫地找出他的試卷,因?yàn)樗墓P跡很獨(dú)特。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

22.問答題

Theattacksonambition(A)comefromvariousangles:itspublicdefendersarefewandimpressive,(B)wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,(C)aqualitytobeadmiredandinculcatedintheyoung,(D)isprobablylowerthanhaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.

【答案】D；改成isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeen。Lowerthan后面的句缺少主語。

23.單選題

WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethat1mightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“1wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.

Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepageofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.

Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuildupofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.

InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting-alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”-has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanticonsumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives.Therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap.Thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-1990sequivalentofdroppingout.

WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline-afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate-1980s-andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdown-shiftersofmyacquaintance,weh