考研考博-英語-中國石油大學(xué)（華東）考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國石油大學(xué)（華東）考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimals（）asubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.

問題1選項

A.relieve

B.release

C.dismiss

D.discard

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。relieve解除，減輕；release釋放；dismiss解散，解雇；discard拋棄，丟棄。句意：許多動植物會釋放一種物質(zhì)來吸收有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Ifanyofthesesymptoms（

）whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

問題1選項

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。establish“建立;創(chuàng)立”；represent“代表；表現(xiàn)”；perform“表演；執(zhí)行：完成”；occur“發(fā)生”。句意：如果用藥期間出現(xiàn)上述癥狀，請立刻咨詢醫(yī)生。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis（診斷）andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.

Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（

）.

2.Muchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

（

）.

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,

（

）.

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（

）.

問題1選項

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersofjournalism

B.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

C.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceinjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

問題2選項

A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattention

C.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

問題3選項

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

D.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

問題4選項

A.anewsarticle

B.aresearchreport

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.apreface

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由第一段“Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.正如我們所知，在新聞業(yè)和其他領(lǐng)域一樣，我們可以從專業(yè)實踐的系統(tǒng)研究中學(xué)到很多東西。這樣的研究收集了一些證據(jù)，從中可以發(fā)展出廣泛而普遍的原則?！笨芍谝欢沃饕f明應(yīng)該將重點放在專業(yè)實踐的研究上。答案B

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段中“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.遺憾的是，關(guān)于采訪的大量文獻很少關(guān)注新聞采訪”可知C項“新聞采訪作為一個特殊的領(lǐng)域被忽視了”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段中“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.然而，實際上很少有人已當(dāng)面被大眾媒體，特別是被電視采訪”?？芍狣項正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由最后一句asthisbookindicates可知文章有可能是一本書的序言。答案D

4.單選題

Wehave（

）thesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.

問題1選項

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們己經(jīng)廢除了人剝削人的制度。

動詞辨析。Cancel取消，刪除;abolish廢除（一種制度，形式）;refuse拒絕；reject抵制，排斥.。因此B符合句意。

5.案例題

Ifmovietrailers（預(yù)告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That'swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral（震撼心靈的）.Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints.

"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,"United93"willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.

TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere'reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,"Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject."Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair."Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou'renotsecure.That'sthemessageIwantpeopletohear."

1.Thetrailerfor"United93"succeededin（）whenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.

2.Themovie"United93"issuretogiveriseto（）.

3.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?.

4.Universal,whichisreleasing"United93",hasbeencriticizedfor（）.

5.CaroleO'Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthestoryisto（）boutsecurity.

【答案】1.causingareaction

2.anemotionaldebate

3.Theapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily

4.exploitinganationaltragedy

5.raisetheawareness

【解析】1.

根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Ifmovietrailers（預(yù)告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.”succeededin+doingsth.介詞in后面接名詞或動名詞。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.”ignite在這里相當(dāng)于giveriseto，所以只需要接后面的名詞即可。

3.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“PaulGreen”定位到第三段的第二句“Writer-directorPaulGreen...aftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily.”重點理解proceed和ceed意為"在之前"，secure意為"獲得，得到"。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Universal”定位到第三段“Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.”for在這里為介詞，后面接名詞或動名詞。

5.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容"Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness...”題干中的to不定式做is的表語，后面直接用動詞且為原形。

6.單選題

Thesheerdiversityoftropicalplantsrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

問題1選項

A.exploited

B.controversial

C.inexhaustible

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。exploited“被利用的”；controversial“有爭議的”；inexhaustible“無窮無盡的”；remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”。句意：熱帶植物的多樣性代表了似乎用之不竭的原材料，其中只有少部分被利用了。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Themanagertriedtowaveasidetheseissuesas______detailsthatwouldbesettledlater.

問題1選項

A.versatile

B.trivial

C.preliminary

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項versatile“多才多藝的；通用的，萬能的；多面手的”；B選項trivial“不重要的，瑣碎的；瑣細的”；C選項preliminary“初步的；開始的；預(yù)備的”；D選項alternate“交替的，輪流的；間隔的，每隔（……天等）的；（一個或多個事物）另外的，可供選擇的；（兩者）互不相容的；另類的，非傳統(tǒng)的；（葉、芽）互生的”。句意：經(jīng)理試圖對這些問題置之不理，認為都是些瑣碎的細節(jié)，以后再解決。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

（

）inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.

問題1選項

A.Originallycultivated

B.Originallybeingcultivated

C.Havingoriginallycultivated

D.Althoughitoriginallycultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查過去分詞的用法。句子的主語時thebanana，從四個選項可知cultivate是一個關(guān)鍵詞，其與thebanana的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，選項C與D可以排除。主句中用的時態(tài)是was過去時，因此可以排除選項B。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

Afterbeingdiagnosedashavingtuberculosis,shemovedtotheSouth______herhealth.

問題1選項

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.forthesakeof

D.asaresultof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項atthecostof“以……為代價”，B項onthevergeof“處于……的邊緣”，C項forthesakeof“為了……”，D項asaresultof“因此，由于”。根據(jù)句子意思“在被診斷患有肺結(jié)核后，她搬到了南方……她的健康?！笨赏茢?，空格處應(yīng)該表示原因，A、B選項排除；D選項單純指某一個原因造成的結(jié)果；C選項有比較強的目的性，所以C選項最符合。句意：在被診斷患有肺結(jié)核后，她為了自己的健康搬到了南方。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

10.單選題

Thepsychologistcitedseveralinstancesofinsubordinatebehavior.

問題1選項

A.neglected

B.worried

C.mentioned

D.reduced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：心理學(xué)家……幾個不服從行為的例子。cite指的是引用，列舉。A選項neglect“忽略，忽視”；B選項worry“擔(dān)心”；C選項mention“提及，談到”；D選項reduce“減少，縮小”。選項C代入后最符合語境。

11.單選題

Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge（

）ourthinking.

問題1選項

A.whichtobebasedon

B.uponwhichtobase

C.towhichtobebasedon

D.whichtobaseupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：沒有事實，我們就不能形成有價值的觀點，因為我們的思考是建立在事實知識之上。ourthinking與factualknowledge之間是主動的關(guān)系，所以排除A、C兩項。再由句意：“思考是建立在事實知識之上”，可知B項為試題答案。

12.單選題

Tosomepeople,thegreatestpleasureoflifeistospendtheirtimeathomewatchingTVand（）theirpets.

問題1選項

A.stroking

B.desiring

C.modeling

D.flattering

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。stroke"輕撫,撫摸";desire"希望,渴望";model"做模特;制作模型";flatter"奉承;諂媚"。句意：對某些人來說，生活中最大的樂趣是花時間在家里看電視和撫摸他們的寵物。選項A符合句意。

13.單選題

Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.

問題1選項

A.tohavestolen

B.tosteal

C.havingstolen

D.havingbeenstealing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：警察盤問那人時，他否認偷了超市里的任何東西。根據(jù)動詞短語denydoingsth.確定非謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式，根據(jù)steal的動作發(fā)生在deny之前，確定用完成時，C選項havingstolen符合題意。沒有denytodosth.的用法，A選項tohavestolen和B選項tosteal錯誤。D選項havingbeenstealing沒有這個用法，語法錯誤。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

IntheAmericans’minds,thereareboundariesthatotherpeoplearesimplynotsupposedtocross.Whentheboundariesarecrossed,Americanswill（）stiffenandtheirmannerwillbecomecool.

問題1選項

A.visibly

B.tragically

C.uneasily

D.tremendously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。visibly“明顯地，顯然地”；tragically“悲劇地，悲慘地”；uneasily“不自在地，不穩(wěn)定地”；tremendously“非常地，可怕地”。句意：在美國人的心目中,有些界限人們是不能跨越的。當(dāng)這些界限被越過時,美國人會（）變得僵硬,他們的態(tài)度會變得很冷酷。and表示并列關(guān)系，其前后表示的內(nèi)容的性質(zhì)一致，由and后面的內(nèi)容“他們的態(tài)度也很冷酷”可推知空格處意為美國人明顯變得很僵硬，故A項正確。

15.單選題

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"（underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）

問題1選項

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

問題2選項

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

問題3選項

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

問題4選項

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

問題5選項

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

問題6選項

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

問題7選項

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

【解析】1.由題干中的單詞factor找到文章第一段：Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.這種強調(diào)有兩個主要原因。首先，人們很早就發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多主要致幻劑的分子結(jié)構(gòu)與血清素相似。此外，對服用迷幻藥后的腦神經(jīng)化學(xué)的動物研究總是報告血清素水平的變化。確定B選項‘5-羥色胺和致幻劑化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的相似性‘正確。

2.文章第二段中Unfortunately和challenged為關(guān)鍵詞，具有轉(zhuǎn)折的意味。第二段中thishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue這一假設(shè)必須在周圍組織上進行驗證,由此可知答案為C選項’研究結(jié)果為反駁這一假設(shè)提供了證據(jù)‘正確。

3.該題為主旨概括題。文章第一句開篇點題，講的是科學(xué)家對迷幻藥的研究，并將研究目標(biāo)集中于神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)血清素，并得出了迷幻藥對目標(biāo)神經(jīng)元的影響作用。所以C選項‘研究結(jié)果強烈表明，致幻藥物通過作用于位于大腦目標(biāo)神經(jīng)元上的血清素受體來產(chǎn)生效果?！_。

4.由上題可知，文章主要是描述迷幻藥對人的神經(jīng)元的影響作用。并且回答了是怎么對人的神經(jīng)產(chǎn)生影響的。選項A選項‘研究人員如何控制LSD對行為的影響?’文章沒有提及。文章是對動物的實驗，但并沒有對比人與動物的區(qū)別，所以選項B‘動物對LSD的反應(yīng)與人類有何不同?’排除。選項D‘什么技術(shù)進步能讓研究人員更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測LSD對行為的影響?’文章沒有提到。所以排除法，選C。

5.該詞出現(xiàn)在最后一段，Thatis后是對該詞的解釋。thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.這與大腦血清素缺乏的動物吸收血清素的行為相同，表明LSD直接作用于血清素受體，而不是通過釋放血清素來間接作用。所以確定A選項‘這一系列的行為，通常與給藥血清素有關(guān)，當(dāng)給大腦中血清素不足的動物注射LSD時也會發(fā)生‘正確。

6.最后兩段，作者提出相反的假設(shè)，以證據(jù)證明假設(shè)。所以D選項‘總結(jié)假設(shè)背后的推理，提出支持假設(shè)的證據(jù)，描述反駁支持證據(jù)的研究。‘正確。

7.題干提問作者的態(tài)度。A選項‘完全同意’；B選項‘不支持‘；C選項‘不予考慮的’；D選項‘無關(guān)緊要的‘。文中第二段作者對早期的以Unfortunately和challenged語氣進行了否定，接著在下文中論述，從而得出真正的結(jié)果。所以B選項符合題意。

16.單選題

Shehasthe（

）ofenteringgraduateschoolorstartingherprofessionalcareer.

問題1選項

A.optimum

B.option

C.orientation

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。optimum意為“最佳效果，最適宜條件”；option意為“選擇權(quán)，選擇（的自由）”；orientation意為“方向，定位”；preference意為“偏愛，喜愛”。

句意：她可以選擇進入研究生院或開始她的職業(yè)生涯。

17.單選題

（）isquitenatural,abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly.

問題1選項

A.Which

B.As

C.What

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】句意:初學(xué)者不能很快地閱讀英文原版書是很正常的。

語法題?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的時候，表示“正如那樣”的含義。as指代的是后面的句子“abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly’’，而此處不用which,是因為定語從句中的which不能放在句首。

18.單選題

EducationalServiceInC.operates70institutesintheUnitedStatesandtheyconcentrateonprovidingcareer-focuseddegreeprogramsto（）28000students.

問題1選項

A.considerably

B.approximately

C.preferably

D.ideally

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。considerably"相當(dāng)?shù)?非常";approximately"大約,近似地";preferably"更好地";ideally"理想地"。句意：美國教育服務(wù)公司運營著70家學(xué)院,主要為大約2.8萬名學(xué)生提供以職業(yè)為中心的學(xué)位課程。空后為數(shù)字,只有approximately后可接數(shù)字。所以選項B正確。

19.填空題

Americahasthebestsystemofhighereducationintheworld.TheInstituteofHigherEducationatShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityrankstheworld’suniversitiesonaseriesofobjective（1）suchasthenumberofNobelprizesandarticlesonprestigiousjournals.17ofthetop20universitiesinthatlistareAmerican.Americanuniversities（2）employ70%oftheworld’sNobelprize-winners.Theyproduceabout30%oftheworld’s（3）ofarticlesonscienceandengineering,accordingtoasurvey（4）in2001，and44%ofthemostfrequentlycitedarticles.

WhyisAmericasosuccessful?Wealthclearlyhassomethingtodowithit.Americaspendsmorethantwiceasmuch（5）studentastheOECD（經(jīng)合組織）average，andalumniandphilanthropists（慈善家）routinelyshoweruniversities（6）gold.Historyalsoplaysapart.Americanshavealwayshada（7）forhighereducation.ThePuritansestablishedHarvardCollegein1636,justtwo（8）aftertheyfirstarrivedinNewEngland.

ThemainreasonforAmerica’ssuccess,however,liesinorganization.Thefirstprincipleisthatthefederalgovernmentplaysa（9）part.Americadoesnothaveacentralplanforitsuniversities.Itdoesnottreatits（10）ascivilservants,as（11）FranceandGermany.Instead,universitieshaveawide（12）ofpatrons.Theacademiclandscapehasbeen（13）byrichbenefactorssuchasEzraCornell,CorneliusVanderbilt,JohnsHopkinsandJohnD.Rockefeller.

Thesecondprincipleiscompetition.Universitiescompetefor（14）,fromstudentstoprofessorstobasketball,stars.Professorscompeteforfederalresearch（15）.Studentscompeteforcollegescholarshipsorresearchfellowships.Thismeansthatsuccessfulinstitutionscannot（16）ontheirlaurels（成就）.

Thethirdprincipleisthatitisallrighttobeuseful.Americahasalways（17）universitiesasmorethanivorytowers.This（18）on“payingdividends”remainsa（19）featureofacademicculture.Americanhas（20）theartofforginglinksbetweenacademiaandindustry.Americanuniversitiesearnmorethan$1billionayearinroyaltiesandlicensefees,anddozensoperatetheirownventurefunds.

測試

【答案】1.criteria

2.currently

3.output

4.conducted

5.per

6.with

7.passion

8.decades

9.limited

10.academics

11.do

12.range

13.shaped

14.everything

15.grants

16.rest

17.regarded

18.emphasis

19.prominent

20.pioneered

【解析】1.由suchasthenumberofNobelprizesandarticlesonprestigiousjournals.如諾貝爾獎的數(shù)量和發(fā)表在著名期刊上的文章?？芍@些都屬于條件。

2.本句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，句意：美國大學(xué)（）雇傭世界上70%的諾貝爾獎得主。

3.句意：科學(xué)家產(chǎn)出了世界上30%的關(guān)于科學(xué)和工程方面的學(xué)術(shù)文章，以及44%的經(jīng)常被引用的文章。

4.conductasurvey做調(diào)查；句意：根據(jù)2001年的一項調(diào)查…

5.句意：美國花在每個學(xué)生身上的錢是經(jīng)合組織平均水平的兩倍多。

6.showerwith拋撒，大量給予；句意：校友和慈善家每年都會大量贈予資金。

7.haveapassionfor對…的強烈愛好；由下一句“清教徒在第一次到達新英格蘭后于1636年建立哈佛大學(xué)”可知“美國人對高等教育有強烈愛好”。

8.此空需要填一個表示時間的名詞。twodecades20年。

9.此空需填一個形容詞，空前有不定冠詞a修飾，故空格處所填形容詞不以元音字母開頭。再聯(lián)系下文可知，對于美國的大學(xué)，不像法國和德國那樣，美國政府并沒有實行中央計劃。所以美國高等教育成功的第一個原因就是聯(lián)邦政府發(fā)揮了有限的作用。形容詞中只有l(wèi)imited符合題意。

10.treat…ascivilservants將___看作公務(wù)員。由上一句可知“對于美國的大學(xué)，美國政府沒有實行中央計劃。”所以接著進一步說明，美國政府沒有把美國大學(xué)看作是政府的公務(wù)員。

11.asdoFranceandGermany像法國和德國那樣。句意：對于美國的大學(xué)，不像法國和德國那樣，美國政府并沒有一個實行中央計劃。

12.haveawiderangeof有廣泛的…。由下文可知有一些富有的捐贈者，故此空填range.

13.此空需填一個動詞的過去分詞，表被動。學(xué)術(shù)氛圍被形成，故用shaped。

14.由空后的from…可知美國的大學(xué)對于一切都競爭。

15.此空需填一個名詞，由federalresearch可推知是政府的研究補助金。句意：教授為獲得政府的研究補助金而競爭。

16.reston停留在…。由上文可知美國的大學(xué)為一切而競爭，教授為獲得補助金而競爭，學(xué)生為了獎學(xué)金而競爭，整個大學(xué)都是在不斷地向前的一種狀態(tài)。故這空總結(jié)道：這意味著成功的大學(xué)不能停留在這些成就上。

17.regard…as把…認作；句意：美國總是將大學(xué)看作不僅僅是象牙塔。

18.空后有介詞on,空格處要填名詞，只有emphasis合適。句意：這種強調(diào)取得好結(jié)果成為了…。

19.此空需填形容詞，美國大學(xué)對取得好結(jié)果的關(guān)注成為了其學(xué)術(shù)文化的顯著特色。

20.此空需填動詞。句意：美國開創(chuàng)了在學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界建立聯(lián)系的藝術(shù)。美國首先開創(chuàng)了這門藝術(shù)，故用pioneered。

20.單選題

Morethan100（）catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.

問題1選項

A.loose

B.tamed

C.wild

D.stray

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。loose“寬松的”；tamed“馴服的，平淡的”；wild“野生的”；stray“迷路的，流浪的”。句意：100多只曾經(jīng)在中國某個省份街上流浪的貓被收留并被組織去對付破壞莊稼的嚙齒動物。

21.單選題

Howmuchapersoncanearnisnotalwaysagood（

）ofrealsuccessinlife.

問題1選項

A.essence

B.decree

C.qualification

D.criterion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。essence意為“本質(zhì)，實質(zhì)”；decree意為“法令，命令”；qualification意為“資格，授權(quán)”；criterion意為“（批評、判斷等的）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)則”。

句意：一個人能掙多少錢并不總是判斷生活中真正成功的好標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

22.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthaten