考研考博-英語-中山大學(xué)南方學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中山大學(xué)南方學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeye

Controlledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.

Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,end-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain,”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalong-standingsuppositionthatsingle-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdozingside-by-sideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-sleepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsas

Dolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.

Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg”.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat____________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause____________.

3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat____________.

4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalf-awakeinorderto____________.

5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2,Para.8),Siegelsuggeststhat____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds,

B.half-brainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwaves

C.birdscancontroltheirhalf-brainsleepconsciously

D.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

B.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorest

C.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured

D.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

B.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

C.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

D.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

B.emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

D.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

B.themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

C.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

D.half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)對睡著的鴨子的最新研究，鳥類處于半睡眠狀態(tài)，其中一個(gè)腦半球保持警戒，另一個(gè)腦半球用來睡覺——或者控制這一側(cè)大腦保持清醒。），可知鳥類可以控制自己的睡眠，所以C選項(xiàng)“鳥類可以有意識(shí)地控制他們的半腦睡眠”正確。A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)半腦睡眠出現(xiàn)在很多鳥類身上”，B選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠的特點(diǎn)是腦電波緩慢”和D選項(xiàng)“鳥類很少在休息的時(shí)候用整個(gè)大腦睡覺”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.（早期的研究已經(jīng)記錄了很多鳥類的半腦睡眠。），可知這是早期研究的結(jié)果，故錯(cuò)誤。推測因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句single-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies（動(dòng)物在觀察周圍以提防敵人時(shí)進(jìn)化出了半腦睡眠），可知?jiǎng)游镆驗(yàn)橐岱罃橙吮Ｗo(hù)自己而發(fā)展出來半腦睡眠，所以A選項(xiàng)“他們必須提防可能的攻擊”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們的大腦半球輪流休息”：這是半腦睡眠帶來的影響和好處，而非原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們的大腦的兩個(gè)半球是不同的結(jié)構(gòu)”：文章沒有提到鳥類的腦部結(jié)構(gòu)是怎樣的，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“他們必須時(shí)刻注意他們的同伴”：這屬于半腦睡眠運(yùn)用的地方和體現(xiàn)，而非原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.（鏡子那邊的那只眼睛閉上了，好像鏡子里的那只眼睛是同伴，而另一只眼睛則一直睜開著。），可知即使沒有真正的同伴在，鳥兒也會(huì)視鏡子中的自己為同伴，不一定非得要和同伴一起睡覺，結(jié)合鳥類的半腦睡眠是因?yàn)楸Ｗo(hù)自己，所以C選項(xiàng)“即使是一個(gè)想象中的同伴也會(huì)給鳥一種安全感”正確，B選項(xiàng)“為了安全起見，鳥兒喜歡成對睡覺”和D選項(xiàng)“一只寵物鳥喜歡看到自己在鏡子里的倒影”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“鳥兒成對打瞌睡的現(xiàn)象很普遍”：沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第七段最后一句Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.（也許保持一側(cè)大腦清醒可以讓睡著的動(dòng)物偶爾浮出水面，以避免溺水。），可知一些水生哺乳動(dòng)物為了在睡著時(shí)保持安全而發(fā)展出半睡眠狀態(tài)，所以D選項(xiàng)“避免被急流沖走”正確。A選項(xiàng)“警惕接近的敵人”，B選項(xiàng)“偶爾從水里冒出來呼吸”和C選項(xiàng)“感知不斷變化的環(huán)境”沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語義推測題。根據(jù)第八段最后一句Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.（他推測，當(dāng)我們進(jìn)一步觀察其他物種時(shí)，可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的例子。），可知JeromeM.Siegel認(rèn)為半腦睡眠可能也存在于其他生物，所以D選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠是一種可能存在于其他物種中的現(xiàn)象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠與寒冷天氣有關(guān)”和C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)生活在寒冷地區(qū)的鳥類往往是半睡眠者”：這里的冰山一角和天氣寒冷無關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠之謎即將被破解”：文章沒有提到破解謎題，并且這還需要進(jìn)一步研究，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Mybrother’splansarevery（）;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arbitrary

B.aggressive

C.ambitious

D.abundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。arbitrary“任意的，武斷的，專制的”；aggressive“侵略性的，有進(jìn)取心的”；ambitious“雄心勃勃的，有雄心的”；abundant“豐富的，充裕的”。句意：我哥哥的計(jì)劃很有野心，他想在16歲前掌握英語，法語和西班牙語。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Nexttimeyoustopforgasataself-servepump,sayhellototherobotinfrontofyou.ItslifestorycantellyoualotabouttheroboteconomyroaringtowarduslikeanEF5tornadoontheprairie.

Thefirstcrudeversionofanautomatedgas-deliveringrobotappearedin1964atastationinWestminster,Colorado.ShortStopconveniencestoreownerJohnRoscoeboughtanelectricboxthatletaclerkinsideactivateanyofthepumpsoutside.Self-servepumpsdidn’tcatchonuntilthe1970s,whenpump-makersaddedautomationthatletcustomerspayatthepump,andoverthenext30years,stationsacrossthenationinstalledthesetask-specificrobotsandfiredattendants.

Ashashappenedthroughoutthehistoryofautomation,somejobsgotdestroyedbyautomatedgaspumps,butnewandoftenbetterjobswerecreated.Attendantswentaway,buttomakethesophisticatedpumps,companieslikeWayneFuelingSystemsinTexashiredsoftwarecoders,engineers,salesstaffandprojectmanagers.Stationownerstooktheirextraprofitsandturnedtheirstationsintomini-marts,whichneededclerks.Consumersspentlessmoneyongasbecausetheyweren’tpayingforsomeoneelsetopumpit.

Agenerationofgasstationattendantsgotsmoked,buttheautomationsentsomeclearsignalsthatrelyingonsuchunskilledjobsisn’tagreatcareerplan.Thosesignalsledtomoreparentsencouragingtheirkidstogotocollege.Soovertime,wetookhundredsofthousandsofpeopleoutofthepoolofthosewhomightwantagasstationattendantjobandpushedthemup,towardtheprofessionaljobmarket,addingalotofvaluetosocietyandtheirwallets.

Economistshaveshowntimeandagainthatautomationhelpsoverallstandardsoflivingrise,literacyratesimprove,averagelifespanlengthenandcrimeratesfall.Afterwavesofautomation,werewaybetteroffinalmosteveryway.AsMattRidleydetailsinhisbookTheRationalOptimist,in1900,theaverageAmericanspent$76outofevery$100onfoodclothingandshelter.Today,heorshespends$37tobuyaModelTin1908tookabout4,700hoursofwork;Today,theaveragepersonhastoworkabout1,000hourstobuyacarthat’sathousandtimesbetterthanaModelT.TheUnitedNationsestimatesthatpovertywasreducedmoreinthepast50yearsthanintheprevious500.Ifprogresshasbeenlesskindtothelowerendoftheworkforce,itstillhelpsthatsegmentlivebetterthanbefore,atleastbymakingproductsmoreaffordableandbetteratthesametime.

Andnow,evenwithsoftwareautomatingallkindsofwork,therearesignsthatthetechnologyiscreatingmorejobsthanitdestroys.U.S.censusdatareleasedinSeptembershowedthelargestannualdropinpovertysince1999.Nearly3millionjobswerecreatedfrom2014to2015.DonaldTrumpwonthepresidentialelectionbypromisingtobringJobs“back”toAmerica—apromisebelievedbymanywhofeelleftbehindbytechnology-drivenshifts.Yetallevidencesuggeststhatthejobslieahead,createdbymovingforward.

17.WhathasJohnRoscoebeennotedfor?

18.ThearticlehasgivenconcreteevidencetoillustratethebenefitsofautomationEXCEPT______.

19.MattRidley’sTheRationalOptimistrevealsthatpeoplein1908__________.

20.Whatdoes“movingforward”inthelastsentenceofthisarticleprobablymean?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inventingthefirstself-servepumps.

B.Installinggas-deliveringrobotsacrosstheUS.

C.Makingautomatedrobotspopularatgasstations.

D.Firstusingautomationtechnologyatagasstation.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.creatingjobs

B.improvingliteracy

C.lengtheninglifespan

D.raisinglivingstandards

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.workedforverylonghourstobuildacar

B.weregenerallynotabletoaffordaModelT

C.werelesskindtothelowerendoftheworkforce

D.spentthelargerpartoftheirmoneyonnecessities

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Usingtechnology.

B.Helpingthelesseducated.

C.SupportingTrump’selection.

D.BringingjobsbacktoAmerica.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】17.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：約翰因……而聞名？據(jù)題干定位至文章第二段第一二句話Thefirstcrudeversionofanautomatedgas-deliveringrobotappearedin1964atastationinWestminster,Colorado.ShortStopconveniencestoreownerJohnRoscoeboughtanelectricboxthatletaclerkinsideactivateanyofthepumpsoutside.（1964年，首臺(tái)粗糙版的自動(dòng)供油機(jī)器人出現(xiàn)在科羅拉多的威斯敏特斯的一個(gè)加油站。ShortStop便利店店主約翰購買了電箱，讓店員待在電箱里，觸動(dòng)外部的泵。），可知約翰購買了電箱，成為首個(gè)在加油站用自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的，因此D選項(xiàng)“在加油站最先使用自動(dòng)化技術(shù)”，符合題意；文章只提到了1964年出現(xiàn)了第一個(gè)自動(dòng)供油機(jī)器，并沒有提到誰發(fā)明了這一機(jī)器，因此A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)明了首臺(tái)自助油泵”，不對；B選項(xiàng)“在美國各地安裝了供油機(jī)器人”，原文提到的是andoverthenext30years,stationsacrossthenationinstalledthesetask-specificrobotsandfiredattendants.（在接下來的30年里，全國各地的工作站安裝了這些特定任務(wù)的機(jī)器人，解雇了工作人員。），而約翰只是在他的便利店安裝了自助油泵，故B選項(xiàng)排除；C項(xiàng)“在加油站普及自動(dòng)化機(jī)器人”，約翰只是在他的便利店安裝了自助油泵，并沒有推廣其在加油站的使用，因此C選項(xiàng)排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

18.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干：文章有確切證據(jù)證明自動(dòng)化帶來的一系列好處，除了……？文章第三段第一句話提到Ashashappenedthroughoutthehistoryofautomation,somejobsgotdestroyedbyautomatedgaspumps,butnewandoftenbetterjobswerecreated.（貫穿整個(gè)自動(dòng)化歷史的是，自動(dòng)供氣泵使人們喪失了一些工作，同時(shí)也創(chuàng)造了一些新的，更好的工作。）可知自動(dòng)化在創(chuàng)造工作機(jī)會(huì)的同時(shí)，也毀掉了一些工作機(jī)會(huì)，A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造工作”，不夠全面和正確，故排除；由文章第五段第一句話Economistshaveshowntimeandagainthatautomationhelpsoverallstandardsoflivingrise,literacyratesimprove,averagelifespanlengthenandcrimeratesfall.（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一再證明，自動(dòng)化有助于提高總體生活水平、提高識(shí)字率、延長平均壽命和降低犯罪率。），可知B選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)識(shí)字”，C選項(xiàng)“延長壽余”和D選項(xiàng)“提升生活水平”，均是自動(dòng)化帶來的一系列好處。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

19.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干：馬特里德利的《理性樂觀主義》揭示1908年的人……？根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段Today,heorshespends$37tobuyaModelTin1908tookabout4,700hoursofwork;（當(dāng)今，他或她花費(fèi)37美元購買T型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽車，而在1908年，人們需要花4700小時(shí)工作賺的錢才能買得起這輛汽車；），由此可知1908年T型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽車很貴，而且人們很難負(fù)擔(dān)得起，因此B選項(xiàng)“一般而言買不起T型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)小汽車”正確；A選項(xiàng)“工作很長時(shí)間造汽車”文章表達(dá)的意思是人們需要工作很長時(shí)間來賺錢買車，而不是造汽車，A選項(xiàng)不符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“對底層勞動(dòng)力不那么友好”在文章沒有提到。不能通過這本書推斷出來C選項(xiàng)，故排除；D選項(xiàng)“消耗大部分的錢在必需品上”，書中提到的是1900年的人們把大部分的錢花在生活必需品上面而不是1908年的人，故D選項(xiàng)排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干：這篇文章最后一句中的“movingforward”可能是什么意思？根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段最后兩句DonaldTrumpwonthepresidentialelectionbypromisingtobringJobs“back”toAmerica—apromisebelievedbymanywhofeelleftbehindbytechnology-drivenshifts.Yetallevidencesuggeststhatthejobslieahead,createdbymovingforward.（特朗普通過承諾給美國帶去工作機(jī)會(huì)而贏得了總統(tǒng)選舉，很多感到在技術(shù)驅(qū)動(dòng)大潮中落后的人相信了這個(gè)承諾。然而所有的證據(jù)表明即將到來的工作機(jī)會(huì)，是由______帶來的。），結(jié)合全文中心自動(dòng)化以及自動(dòng)化帶來的好處推測，技術(shù)進(jìn)步和發(fā)展才能創(chuàng)造工作，因此A選項(xiàng)“使用技術(shù)”為最佳答案。B選項(xiàng)“幫助接受教育程度低的人”和D選項(xiàng)“帶工作機(jī)會(huì)回美國”，在文中沒有提及；C項(xiàng)“支持特朗普的選舉”，屬于文章的過度推斷，排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalking,cyclingorswimming,orinwinter,skatingorskiing.Itmaybegameofsomekindfootball,hockey,golf,ortennis.Itmaybemountaineering.

Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakerisksonhighmountains?Thisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure.

Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,asthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare,ofcourse,rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangeroustoignore,butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods.

Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsports,wemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota“teamgame”.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereare,itistrue,no“matches”between“teams”ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydepend,thereisobviouslyteamwork.

Themountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysicalqualities.

Amountainclimbercontinuestoimproveinskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheageofthirty,andmostinternationaltennischampionsareintheirearlytwenties.ButitisnotunusualformanoffiftyorsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsinAlps.Theymaytakemoretimethanyoungermen,buttheyprobablyclimbwithmoreskillandlesswasteofeffort,andtheircertainlyexperienceequalenjoyment.

1.Mountaineeringinvolves（）.

2.Thedifferencebetweenasportandagamehastodowiththekindof（）.

3.Mountaineeringcanbecalledateamsportbecause（）.

4.Mountaineerscompeteagainst（）.

5.Choosethebesttitleforthepassage（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cold

B.hardship

C.physicalrisk

D.alloftheabove

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.activity

B.rules

C.uniform

D.participants

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisanOlympicevent

B.teamscompeteagainsteachother

C.mountaineersdependonotherwhileclimbing

D.thereare5climbersoneachteam

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nature

B.eachother

C.otherteams

D.internationalstandards

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.mountaineeringisdifferentfromgolfandfootball

B.mountaineeringismoreattractivethanothersports

C.mountaineering

D.mountainclimbers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段的一、二句“Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakerisksonhighmountains?人們常常以驚奇的眼光看待那些熱衷于攀登高山峻嶺的人。因?yàn)樗麄儫o法理解為什么那些人愿意忍受寒冷和艱難，并且冒險(xiǎn)爬上高山?”由此可知，選項(xiàng)A，B，C均是登山會(huì)遇到的事情，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的一、二句“Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,asthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.登山是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，而不是游戲。不像高爾夫球和足球那樣有人為的規(guī)則。”由此可知，運(yùn)動(dòng)和游戲直接的區(qū)別就在于規(guī)則，選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Thereare,itistrue,no‘matches’between‘teams’ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydepend,thereisobviouslyteamwork.的確，登山隊(duì)之間沒有‘比賽’，但當(dāng)?shù)巧疥?duì)站在巖石表面，被一根可能關(guān)乎他們生命的繩子連在一起時(shí)，這顯然是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.語義推斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.他必須對抗自然的力量。”所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是圍繞著登山展開，選項(xiàng)A、B、D都過于片面，所以選項(xiàng)C最恰當(dāng)。

5.單選題

Designatingthisbook(HandbookofPersonalityPsychology)a“handbook”isatonceaccurateandpossiblyunfortunate.Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.

Infact,thisbookishighlyinterestingandreadable,comprehensiveandauthoritative.Thedomainofpersonalityiscoveredalmostcompletely,andthematerialisquiteuptodate.Thisbookisnotacollectionofpreviouslypublishedoronlyslightlyreworkedpapers.Itgivesclearindicationofthecarefulthoughttheeditorsgavetoitsplanningandtheirfirmcontroloveritswriting.Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.TherearenochaptersinthisvolumetoreviewwhatFreudsaidorAdlerorRogersorBanduraoranyoneelse.TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.Instead,heeditorspresentacomprehensiveandcoherentviewofthefieldofpersonalitytoday.

Theworkispresentedineightsectionsthatdealinessencewithwhatpersonalityis,howitisstudied,howitdevelopsitsbiologicalandsocialdeterminants,howpersonalityworks,andwhatitisusefulfor.Thereare36chaptersextendingnearlyathousandpages.Theeditorschosespecificauthorsforeachofthechapters；theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientistswhogenerallywritequitewell.

Thehandbooklendsitselfwelltoitsfunctionasaresourcevolume.Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex,whichinthesedaysofinformationprocessorsshouldhavebeenpossibleatmodestcost.

Manyyearsago,Igaveupteachingatheories-of-personalitycoursebecausethedominanttextbookwassothoroughandwelldonethatitleftmewithverylittletodointheclassroom.Thishandbookwould,Ithink，beasplendidtextbook,despitethethoroughnessofitscoverage,becauseitleavestheinstructorwiththechallengingbutengagingtaskofintegratingthematerial,whichwouldprovideanopeningforanyinstructorwithaparticulartheoreticalpassion,butmanyotherroutestointegrationarepossible.

1.ForTheHandbookofPersonalityPsychology,thetitleof“handbook”maybeunfortunatebecausehandbooks（

）.

2.Theauthorlikesthishandbookpartlybecauseitdoesnot

（

）.

3.ThebooktalksaboutFreudonlywhen

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theeditorsofthebookare

（

）.

5.Aproblemwiththishandbookisthat

（

）.

6.Withrespecttobeinganaidtoteachingpersonalitytheories，theauthorthinksthatthebook（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aredifficulttocompile

B.areoftenconsideredboring

C.canbecomeoutdatedsoon

D.canmissalotofimportantinformation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.focusontheoriesofpersonality

B.relatetopreviouspsychologists

C.discussresearchonpersonality

D.dealwithwhatisbeyondpsychology

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.histheoriesarecomparedwithothers

B.hiscontemporariesarementioned

C.thediscussionconcernshisideas

D.majorpersonalitytheoriesareinconflict

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.particularaboutthestructureofthebook

B.reservedinpresentingtheirownviews

C.defiantoftheauthorityinpsychology

D.successfulintheirmaterialselection

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itiscostlytoaveragereaders

B.itispoorinideadevelopment

C.ithasnonameindex

D.ithastoomanychapters

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.leavesroomfortheinstructor’screativity

B.presentsachallengetocurrenttheories

C.containsthoroughknowledgeofpersonality

D.providesanintegratedsystemoftheories

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段，根據(jù)“Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.（手冊常常是相當(dāng)枯燥無味的東西，偶爾也可用作資料來源和引證，但幾乎不值得一讀。）”即可得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段，根據(jù)“Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.（首先，它是完全令人耳目一新，有一個(gè)全面的人格工作，不特別關(guān)注人格理論。）”，結(jié)合題干中的否定詞“doesnot...”，即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段倒數(shù)第二句，“TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.(像弗洛伊德這樣的理論家，當(dāng)他們的觀點(diǎn)與正在討論的話題相關(guān)時(shí)，會(huì)被提及，但幸運(yùn)的是，沒有包括對主要理論的總結(jié)。)”從而得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段，根據(jù)“theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientists...(他們選擇得很好，而且非常成功地獲得了權(quán)威科學(xué)家的參與)”即可推斷得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段，根據(jù)“Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex(它唯一明顯的不足是缺少名稱索引)”，即可得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“Thishandbookwould,Ithink,beasplendidtextbook,despitethethoroughnessofitscoverage,becauseitleavestheinstructorwiththechallengingbutengagingtaskofintegratingthematerial,whichwouldprovideanopeningforanyinstructorwitha

particulartheoreticalpassion，…”即可進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

6.單選題

Lifeisfullofperils,butthewisemanignoresthosethatare______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ineluctable

B.inevitable

C.unessential

D.unforgettable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ineluctable“不可避免的；無法逃避的”；B選項(xiàng)inevitable“必然的；無法避免的”；C選項(xiàng)unessential“非本質(zhì)的”；D選項(xiàng)unforgettable“難忘的”。句意：生活充滿了危險(xiǎn)，但聰明的人會(huì)忽略這些……危險(xiǎn)?！癷neluctable”和“inevitable”都有“無法避免”意思，但是“inevitable”所形容的事件存在著必然性。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Advocatesofprivateschoolarguethateducationinoneofthesefacilitiesismorevaluableand（）thananyothereducationalopportunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.awarded

B.awarding

C.rewarded

D.rewarding

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，填空處應(yīng)填入形容詞，只有選項(xiàng)D是形容詞，所以正確。

8.單選題

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice實(shí)行；takeintoaccount考慮；throwlighton照亮，闡明，使……顯得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在計(jì)算個(gè)人每日所需熱量時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮到體型、體力活動(dòng)和年齡的變化。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Fool（）Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.as

C.that

D.like

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞和代詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)who“誰；什么人”；B選項(xiàng)as“如同，像……一樣；雖然”；C選項(xiàng)that沒有實(shí)意；D選項(xiàng)like“像，如同”。由本句前后語義關(guān)系可知，前半句應(yīng)該是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。句意：盡管吉英很蠢，她也不會(huì)做出這種事來。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Anynationthatinterferesintheinternalaffairsofanothernationshouldbe_______condemned.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.verbally

B.universally

C.wickedly

D.visually

【答案】B

【解析】verbally口頭地；universally普遍地；wickedly惡劣地，居心叵測地；visually視覺地。句意：任何干涉他國內(nèi)政的國家都應(yīng)受到普遍譴責(zé)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould（）themostoftheopportunitiesathand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obtain

B.grasp

C.catch

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obtain“獲得；流行”；B選項(xiàng)grasp“抓牢，握緊；試圖抓??；理解，領(lǐng)悟；毫不猶豫地抓住（機(jī)會(huì)）”；C選項(xiàng)catch“趕上；抓??；感染；了解”；D選項(xiàng)make“使得；進(jìn)行；布置，準(zhǔn)備，整理；制造；認(rèn)為；獲得；形成；安排；引起”。seize/grasp/grab/taketheopportunity“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”，句中的themostof修飾theopportunities，可視為shouldgrasp(themostof)theopportunities。句意：為了項(xiàng)目的成功，公司應(yīng)該抓住大部分到手的機(jī)會(huì)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Fortyyearsagonoonewasconcernedaboutthehealthoftheocean,inspiteofthefactthatmanyfisherieswerebeingover-harvested,toxicwasteswerebeingdumpedinthesea,anddeveloperswerebeginningtoseriouslydisruptcoastlines.Inthosedays，themagnitudeoftheproblemswassmall,eventhoughitwasobviousthatifthetrendscontinuedpeoplewouldfacesevereeconomicandpersonalhardshipinthefuture.Peoplejustdidn’tunderstand,nordidtheycare.Unfortunatelymanyofourconcernswererealized,butthesituationcouldhavebeenmuchworse,hadwe,andothers，nottakenactiontoinformpeopleabouttheoceanandtheneedtoprotectit.

Duringourcampaigntosharethewondersoftheseaandalertthepublicabouttheneedtoprotectit,wehaveusedeverymediumavailable—personalappearances,theprintedword,andtelevision.Nowthereisanewmediumthatisevenmoreeffectivethanitspredecessors.ThankstotheInternetandcomputers,peoplecannotonlyreceivelinearstories,buttheycanactuallyparticipateinthem，exploringandlearningattheirownpaceandastheircuriositydictates.Iamtremendouslyimpressedwiththepersonalizationofwhathadbeenlabeledbyskepticsasthemostimpersonalmediumyetdeveloped.

ForthesereasonsIhavemadeamajorcommitmentoftimeandresourcestodiveintothisseaofelectronicmarvels.I’mswimminghardtokeepup,butwhenIlookaroundIfindI’mnotalone.WearealllearningtogetheranditisanadventureIamfindingimmenselyrewarding.Ihavebeenencouragedbyourfirstmodestdunkinginthisnewworld:WerecentlycompletedaCD-ROM,Jean-MichelCousteau’sWorld:CitiesUndertheSea-CoralReefs.AcoupleofmonthsagoIwasinFijitocelebratethe1997InternationalYearoftheReefandpresentedourCitiesundertheSeaCD-ROMtoagroupofchildren.Iwasimpressedtoseehowquicklytheygraspedourconceptsandhowtheydirectedtheirownlearningprocess，thankstotheflexibilityofthemedium.Itwasparticularlyexcitingtoseekidssquealwithdelightastheyrespondedtoquestionsandthecomputerrewardedthemwhentheygotthecorrectanswers.

Iwantyoungpeopletoexperiencethemysteryandwonderofouroceans.Iwantthemtounderstandhowpreciousandvulnerableourenvironmentis.Youngpeopleneedtobetaughttotakeresponsibilityforensuringthattheirheritagewillbeprotectedandusedwisely.Hopefullythenextgenerationwilldoabetterjobthanminehas.IbelieveindividualsmustbepersonallyinvolvedandIamcountingontheInternettobethemediumthroughwhichpeoplecanexperience,learn,andtakeactionIamcountingonyoungpeoplewiththeiridealismandenergytocreateabetterfuture—itistooimportanttobelefttobureaucratsandpoliticians.

1.Fortyyearsagopeoplewereindifferenttothehealthoftheoceanbecause_________.

2.Thelastsentenceofthe2ndparagraphtellsusthatthewriterbelievesthat__________.

3.ThewriterwenttoFijito_________.

4.Thewriter’sattitudetotheprospectoftheoceanis_________.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whoshallwefallbackonforabetterfuturefortheenvironment?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theoceanwasimmunetoanypollutionthen

B.theydidn’tknowwhatwouldcomeofiftheoceanwasdeadlydisrupted

C.therewasnocomputerthen

D.therewasn’tanyproblemwiththeoceanatthattime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerisassmartashumanbeings

B.thecomputerisfriendlywithhumanbeings

C.humanbeingscaninteractwiththecomputeranddowhattheywantattheirwill

D.humanbeingshavenotusedthecomputertoitsfullestadvantage

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.participateinacelebration

B.teachchildrentherehowtousethecomputer

C.makeanadventureinthesea

D.spendtheholidayontheseashor