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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中山火炬職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題
1.實(shí)踐發(fā)展永無止境,認(rèn)識(shí)真理永無止境,理論創(chuàng)新永無止境。
2.我喜歡鍛煉,無論是散步還是游泳,都使自己的身心能夠放松,以保持旺盛的精力來對(duì)付繁重的工作。
3.學(xué)霸應(yīng)該更合適,因?yàn)樗囊馑际悄隳繕?biāo)明確,學(xué)習(xí)刻苦,你必須要好好規(guī)劃自己的生活。
4.ThefirmhasveeredsofarfromtheplaceIjoinedrightoutofcollegethatIcannolongeringoodconsciencesaythatIidentifywithwhatitstandsfor.
5.Familieswillbecoiningtogether,oftentravelingmanymilestocelebratetheSpringFestivalwithfireworks,paradesandfeasts.FromBirminghamtoBeijing,thecelebrationswillnodoubtbespectacular.
【答案】1.Thereisnoendtopractice,toseekingtruth,ortomakingtheoreticalinnovations.
2.Iliketoexercisefromtakingawalktoswimming,bothofwhichmakemyselfrelaxphysicallyandmentally,inorderthatIcankeepenergetictodealwithheavywork.
3.Ascholar-lordismoreappropriatebecauseitmeansthatyouworkhardwithaclearpurpose.Youhavetomanageyourlifewell.
4.從我大學(xué)畢業(yè)入職高盛以來,這家公司已經(jīng)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變,現(xiàn)在我不能夠問心無愧地說我同意這家公司的立場。
5.為了慶祝新春佳節(jié),人們不顧路途遙遠(yuǎn)與家人團(tuán)聚,共賞煙花,共慶游行,共享盛宴。無論是在伯明翰還是在北京,春節(jié)慶典無疑都將是精彩紛呈的。
2.單選題
Shehasalways()herneighborsforthepasttwentyyears.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.beenfedupwith
B.beenongoodtermswith
C.gottenaroundto
D.gonealongwith
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在最近二十年里,她一直與自己的鄰居保持著良好的關(guān)系。
語法題??疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“forthepasttwentyyears.在最近的二十年里”與“hasalways—直”可知此處表示延續(xù)狀態(tài),所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(hasbeen),故排除C,D。befedupwith表示“厭煩”,不是持續(xù)狀態(tài)。Beongoodtermswith同某人關(guān)系好,是持續(xù)狀態(tài)。故選B。
3.單選題
Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whyyoudon’thelpthemto___thesituation?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.simplify
B.modify
C.verify
D.rectify
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)simplify“簡化;使單純;使簡易”;B選項(xiàng)modify“修改,修飾;更改(略微改變某事物,尤指為了使其更適合于某一特定目的)”;C選項(xiàng)verify“核實(shí);查證”;D選項(xiàng)rectify“改正(糾正錯(cuò)誤的事物);精餾;整流”。句意:如果你知道問題出在哪里,為什么不幫他們___情況。本句表達(dá)“幫助他們核實(shí)情況”,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Didyouknowthatwomen’sbrainsaresmallerthanmen’s?Theaveragewomen’sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrain,theclevertheanimal,menmustbemoreintelligentthanwomen.Right?Wrong.Menandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetests,despitethedifferenceinbrainsize.Why?Afteryearsofstudy,researchershaveconcludedthatit’swhat’sinsidethatmatters,notjustthesizeofbrain.Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.
Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.Thismeansthatlittlegirlstendtolearntospeakearlier,andthatwomencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephone,cookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyailatthesametime,it’swomenwhocomeoutontopeverytime.
Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks,menknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.“Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayers,andheknowswheretogo,”saysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflife’sgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!
Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetusesareaboutnineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenasyoungasone.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrierbeforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldattracthelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors,amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt,accordingtotheresearch.
Ifallthisdisappointsyou,itshouldn’t.“Thebrainchangesthroughoutourlivesaccordingtowhatwedowithit.”saysabiologist.
1.Thepassagemainlytellsus(
).
2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?
3.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?
4.Whichofthefollowingdoyouagreewithaccordingtothefourthparagraph?
5.Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinwritingthispassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’sbrains
B.thechangesinbrainthroughoutourlives
C.thatmenarebetteratspatialtasks
D.thatbraindifferencesarerelatedtoourancestors
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Women’sbrainis10%lessthanmen’s.
B.Greymatterplaysthesameroleaswhitematter.
C.Greymattercontrolsthinkinginthebrain.
D.Bothsexeshavethesameamountofwhitematter.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Womenpreferdoingmanythingsatatime.
B.Mendobetterdealingwithonejobatatime.
C.Womendonotneedtotelldirections.
D.Menhaveweakerspatialabilities.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Youngboysmaybestrongerthanyounggirls.
B.Morewomentakeupjobsrequiringspeechskills.
C.Womenmayhavestrongerfeelingsthanmen.
D.Ourancestorsneededmorespatialskills.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Defensive
B.Persuasive
C.Supportive
D.Objective
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首先通過否定腦袋越大的動(dòng)物越聰明,所以男性一定比女性聰明的論斷來引出文章的中心論點(diǎn),即男女性在智利方而是沒有什么差異的,是他們的大腦構(gòu)造的不同導(dǎo)致了知識(shí)的掌握以及行為等方面的不同。因此選項(xiàng)A“男女性大腦的不同”比較能概括全文。
2.判斷推理題。選項(xiàng)A“女性的大腦比男性輕10%”,根據(jù)文章第一段Theaveragewomen'sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.中的關(guān)鍵詞average“平均”可知選項(xiàng)A表述不夠準(zhǔn)確,不是所有的女性的大腦都比男性輕10%;根據(jù)文章第一段中的Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.“大腦包括‘大腦灰質(zhì)”和‘白質(zhì)’,盡管男性有更多的白質(zhì),但男女‘思維’幾乎是相同的”可以推斷出大腦灰質(zhì)是“思維型”,而根據(jù)文章第三段中的Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks...“由于對(duì)于完成需要空間思維的任務(wù)至關(guān)道要……”可知白質(zhì)是“空間想象型”,故選項(xiàng)B“灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)所起到的作用相同”和選項(xiàng)D“男女性擁有等量的白質(zhì)”錯(cuò)誤,而選項(xiàng)C“大腦灰質(zhì)控制思維”正確。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的womencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.“女性大腦可以同吋處理來自不同地方的多種信息”可以推斷出選項(xiàng)A“女性愿意同時(shí)做多件事”正確;選項(xiàng)B“男性能更好地在一個(gè)吋間內(nèi)處理—件事情”在文章中沒有體現(xiàn);根據(jù)文章第三段中的whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!“為什么男性不會(huì)去詢問有關(guān)方向的問題,而女性卻常常問這樣的問題”可知選項(xiàng)C“女性不需要辨別方向”和選項(xiàng)D“男性的空間思維能力更弱”錯(cuò)誤,故選A。
4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills(這些大腦的區(qū)別解釋了一種實(shí)際現(xiàn)象一一大部分男性都會(huì)從事需要很好的空間思維能力的工作而女性卻從事需要語言技巧的工作),可推斷出選項(xiàng)B“更多的女性從事需要語言技巧的工作”正確。
5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。這是一篇具有科普類性質(zhì)的文章,科普類的一般是客觀的,故答案選項(xiàng)為D“客觀的”。
5.單選題
Theyarelookingforsomewayto()theirappetite.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.satiate
B.apply
C.strengthen
D.sustain
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)satiate“充分滿足;使厭膩”;B選項(xiàng)apply“申請(qǐng);涂,敷;適用”;C選項(xiàng)strengthen“加強(qiáng);鞏固”;D選項(xiàng)sustain“維持;支撐,承擔(dān)”。句意:他們正在尋找填飽肚子的方法。此題選A,可以把“satiateappetite”理解為“填飽肚子”。
6.單選題
Iamsureyouwouldhaveseenherifyou(
)thatevening.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hadturnedout
B.hadturnedon
C.hadturnedin
D.hadturnedup
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。turnout“結(jié)果是”;turnon“打開”;turnin“交上”;turnup“出現(xiàn)”。句意:我確信如果你那天晚上出現(xiàn)的話肯定能夠看到她。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
7.單選題
Acomputerfileisacollectionof(
)data,usedtoorganizethestorageandprocessingofdatabycomputer.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.electrical
B.artificial
C.electronic
D.genuine
【答案】C
【解析】形容詞辨析題。electrical有關(guān)電的;artificial人造的;electronic電子的;genuine真實(shí)的,誠懇的。句意:計(jì)算機(jī)文件是電子數(shù)據(jù)的集合,用來組織計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)和處理。這里指電子數(shù)據(jù),所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
8.單選題
Thearchaeologist(
)thatthevasewas3500yearsold.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.utilized
B.upheld
C.estimated
D.sustained
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。utilized“利用”;upheld“堅(jiān)持,維護(hù)”;estimated“估計(jì)”;sustained“維持”。句意:考古學(xué)家估計(jì)這個(gè)花瓶有3500年的歷史了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
9.單選題
Weareto()10,000,000computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.turnin
B.turnout
C.turnup
D.turnto
【答案】B
【解析】turnin"交上,歸還";turnout"證明是,結(jié)果是,生產(chǎn)";turnup"出現(xiàn),發(fā)生";turnto"變成,求助于"。句意:我們計(jì)劃明年生產(chǎn)一萬臺(tái)電腦以滿足市場的需求。turnout在這里是生產(chǎn)的意思,所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
10.翻譯題
Likewaistlinesinmanyprosperouscountries,cellphonesaregoingXXLandsomeoftheirownersarestrugglingtotuckthemin.
JeremyRoche,47yearsold,ownsaSamsungGalaxyNoteIIphonethatisabout75%largerthantheoriginalAppleInc.iPhone,androughlythesizeandheftofanextra-largeHershey’schocolatebar,withaboutaninchnibbledofftheend.It“didfeelweird”atfirsttoholdhisbigphonetohisheadforcalls,hesays,butnowheloveshisamplescreen.
Afteryearsofevolutionfrombrick-sizemonstrositiesintoslimpocketdevices,cellphonesaregoinginreverse.SouthKorea'sSamsungElectronicsCo.iscredited—orblamed一withbringingbigphonesbackintothemainstreamwithdevicesliketheoriginal5.3-inchNote,introducedoutsidetheU.S.inlate2011.
Sometechreviewersatthetimederidedthebigphoneas“silly”,and“aphonedesignedforgiants.”Butsalesboomed,andothermakershavefollowedwithstill-bigger“phablets”,astechiesarcbeginningtocallthem—acrossbetweenaphoneandatablet.
FaresFayad,a39-year-oldconsultantinDubai,saysheusedtothinka3.5-inchcellphonescreenwasjustright,untilhetriedtheiPhone5,whichhasa4-inchscreen.“Idon’tbelieveIcangobacktotheslightlysmallerscreen,”Mr.Fayadsays,
Someergonomicsexpertsworrylamephonescouldposeaninjuryrisk.“Asthestretchtoreachallareasofthescreenincreases,wemightstarttoseemoreseriousrepetitivestressinjurieslikelytothethumbsinlargertouch-screendevices”,saysAnthonyAndre,aprofessorofhumanfactorsandergonomicsatSanJoseStateUniversity.
【答案】就像許多富裕國家居民的腰圍一樣,如今手機(jī)的尺寸也在逐漸增大,一些手機(jī)用戶在費(fèi)盡心思想把它們?nèi)M(jìn)自己的兜里。
在經(jīng)歷了多年來從磚頭般的龐然大物向小巧口袋設(shè)備的演變后,如今手機(jī)又踏上了回頭路。
有的科技評(píng)論家當(dāng)時(shí)曾譏諷這款巨型手機(jī)“傻傻的”、“專為巨人設(shè)計(jì)”。
但巨型手機(jī)的銷量卻實(shí)現(xiàn)了激增,其他手機(jī)生產(chǎn)商也紛紛跟風(fēng)推出了越來越大的、科技專家開始稱之為“平板手機(jī)”的產(chǎn)品手機(jī)和平板電腦的跨界組合。
人類工程學(xué)的一些專家擔(dān)心巨型手機(jī)可能會(huì)帶來損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由于觸控全屏需增加拉伸的幅度,我們可能會(huì)開始看到越來越多由大型觸屏電子設(shè)備引發(fā)的嚴(yán)重累積性-創(chuàng)傷失調(diào),例如對(duì)拇指的損害。
11.單選題
()formorethanfivetosevenminutes,thebrainwillbesubjectedtoirreversibledamage.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Oxygenoncedeprivedof
B.Oncedeprivedofoxygen
C.Deprivedofoxygenonce
D.Onceoxygendeprivedof
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。該句的主語為thebrain。大腦與缺氧之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,即大腦如果被剝奪氧氣(缺氧),故可省略主謂,用過去分詞作狀語。B項(xiàng)正確。句意:大腦一旦缺氧5-7分鐘,那么它將會(huì)受到不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的損害。
12.單選題
Theatmospherecontainswatervapor,butthereisalimittohowmuchwatercanbeevaporatedintoagivenvolumeofair,justasthereisalimittohowmuchsugarcanbedissolvedinonecupfulofcoffee.Moresugarcanbedissolvedinhotcoffeethanincold.Agivenvolumeofaircanholdmorewatervaporatahighertemperaturethanatalowertemperature.Theairissaidtobesaturatedwhenitholdsasmuchwatervaporasitcanatthetemperature.At20°Cacubicmeterofaircanholdabout17gramofwatervapor;at30°Citcanholdabout30gram.Usuallytheatmosphereisnotsaturated.Relativehumidity(expressedinpercent)istheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.Forexample,ifacubicmeterofairat20°Ccontains12gramofwatervapor,therelativehumidityis12gm/17gmx100=71%.Hydrometersareinstrumentsformeasuringrelativehumidity.Readingsonwetanddrybulbthermometerscanbecomparedwiththeaidofachartfromwhichonecanthenreadofftherelativehumidity.Thebasicprincipleofthisisthatevaporationisacoolingprocess.Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.Thereisnosimpleformulaforconvertingthistemperaturedifferencetorelativehumidity,andthereforeachartisused.
Ifunsaturatedairiscooled,itsrelativehumiditygoesup.Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.
1.Whenthereadingsonthewet-bulbthermometerandthedry-bulbthermometeraresimilar,wemayassumethat(
).
2.Whenthetemperatureoftheairrisesabovethedewpoint,(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wehaverelativehumidity
B.theairissaturated
C.thethermometerisinefficient
D.thetemperatureisabouttorise
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.dewwillform
B.itwillrain
C.therelativehumidityexceeds100%
D.evaporationislikelytotakeplace
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Relativehumidityistheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.(相對(duì)濕度是給定體積空氣中實(shí)際存在的水蒸氣質(zhì)量與飽和時(shí)存在的水蒸氣質(zhì)量之比)和Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.(當(dāng)相對(duì)濕度較低時(shí),濕球溫度計(jì)的蒸發(fā)率將很高,因此在這一天,濕球溫度計(jì)的讀數(shù)將大大低于干球溫度計(jì))可推測當(dāng)干濕球溫度中的度數(shù)相近時(shí),則說明相對(duì)濕度高,故相對(duì)濕度越高說明空氣中實(shí)際水蒸氣含量越接近飽和,因此選B。
2.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.(如果空氣溫度下降到足夠的程度,就會(huì)達(dá)到飽和,多余的水分就會(huì)沉淀出來。露點(diǎn)是指空氣必須冷卻到的溫度,以達(dá)到飽和,然后才會(huì)形成冷凝)可推測當(dāng)空氣中的溫度上升到高于露點(diǎn)溫度時(shí),空氣中水汽將不會(huì)達(dá)到飽和,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生蒸發(fā),因此選D。
13.單選題
Thatradiocompanyissobigthatithasalotof______inforeigncountries.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.introducers
B.instructors
C.conductors
D.agents
【答案】D
【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)introducers“介紹人;創(chuàng)始者”;B選項(xiàng)instructors“教練;教師”;C選項(xiàng)conductors“(交響樂、合唱的)指揮;列車員”;D選項(xiàng)agents“代理商”。句意:那家廣播公司很大,所以在國外有很多______。根據(jù)語境,D選項(xiàng)agents“代理商”和radiocompany搭配比較合理,符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Peeringthroughthedarkness,thetravelercould()lightsinthedistanceandthenhedoubledhispace.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.perceive
B.discern
C.recognize
D.visualize
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perceive“理解,認(rèn)知,感覺”;B選項(xiàng)discern“隱約可見,覺察出,識(shí)別”;C選項(xiàng)recognize“認(rèn)出,識(shí)別”;D選項(xiàng)visualize“形象,形象化”。句意:透過黑暗,旅行者可以()遠(yuǎn)處有燈光,于是他加快了腳步。這里因?yàn)槭峭高^黑暗,所以應(yīng)該是“隱約可見燈光”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
15.單選題
ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.willhavebeencontacted
B.willhavecontacted
C.willbecontacted
D.willcontact
【答案】A
【解析】考查將來完成時(shí)。句意:對(duì)太陽系的探索仍在繼續(xù),以目前的速度,我們將在未來50年內(nèi)與所有行星取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語境,可知這個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是將來完成時(shí),在這里表示在將來某一時(shí)間一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,其結(jié)構(gòu)是will(第二、三人稱)+have+過去分詞(done),A選項(xiàng)willhavebeencontacted符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Theseseatsare(
)foroldandsickpeople.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.conserved
B.deserved
C.preserved
D.reserved
【答案】D
【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conserved“保存,保全”;B選項(xiàng)deserved“值得”;C選項(xiàng)preserved“保藏”;D選項(xiàng)reserved“保留”。句意:這些座位是留給老人和病人的。bereservedfor意為“為…保留”,所以選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
17.單選題
Whenthefarmersvisitedthecityforthefirsttime,theywere______byitscomplicatedtrafficsystem.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.evoked
B.bewildered
C.diverted
D.undermined
【答案】B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.evoked引起,喚起(感情、記憶或形象)B.bewildered使迷惑,使糊涂
C.diverted使轉(zhuǎn)向,轉(zhuǎn)移(某人)的注意力D.undermined逐漸削弱(信心、權(quán)威等),使逐步減少效力
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“農(nóng)民們第一次進(jìn)城時(shí),他們被城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)______”可知,他們是對(duì)城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)感到困惑,所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。
【句意】農(nóng)民們第一次進(jìn)城時(shí),對(duì)城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)感到迷惑不解。
18.單選題
Sincethe1980s,increasingly(
)toolshavemadeitpossibletoproduce,market,anddistributemotionpicturesdigitally.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.predictable
B.disguised
C.ornamental
D.sophisticated
【答案】D
【解析】考察形容詞辨析。predictable可預(yù)測的;disguised偽裝的;ornamental裝飾的;sophisticated高級(jí)的,復(fù)雜的。句意:20世紀(jì)80年代以來,越來越高級(jí)的工具使得電影以數(shù)字化形式制作、營銷和推廣成為可能。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
19.單選題
Ethnographyisthestudyofaparticularhumansocietyortheprocessofmakingsuchastudy.Contemporaryethnographyisbasedalmostentirelyonfieldworkandrequiresthecompleteimmersionoftheanthropologistinthecultureandeverydaylifeofthepeoplewhoarethesubjectofhisstudy.Ethnography,byvirtueofitsintersubjectivenature,isnecessarilycomparative.Giventhattheanthropologistinthefieldnecessarilyretainscertainculturalbiases,hisobservationsanddescriptionsmust,toacertaindegree,becomparative.Thustheformulatingofgeneralizationsaboutcultureandthedrawingofcomparisonsinevitablybecomecomponentsofethnography.
ModernanthropologistsusuallyidentifytheestablishmentofethnographyasaprofessionalfieldwiththepioneeringworkofboththePolish-bornBritishanthropologistBronislawMalinowskiintheTrobriandIslandsofMelanesia.Ethnographicfieldworkhassincebecomeasortofriteofpassageintotheprofessionofculturalanthropology.Manyethnographersresideinthefieldforayearormore,learningthelocallanguageordialectand,tothegreatestextentpossible,participatingineverydaylifewhileatthesametimemaintaininganobserver’sobjectivedetachment.
Thismethod,calledparticipant-observation,whilenecessaryandusefulforgainingathoroughunderstandingofaforeignculture,isinpracticequitedifficult.Justastheanthropologistbringstothesituationcertaininherent,ifunconscious,culturalbiases,soalsoisheinfluencedbythesubjectofhisstudy.Whiletherearecasesofethnographerswhofeltalienatedorevenrepelledbytheculturetheyentered,many—perhapsmost—havecometoidentifycloselywith“theirpeople,”afactorthataffectstheirobjectivity.Inadditiontothetechniqueofparticipant-observation,thecontemporaryethnographerusuallyselectsandcultivatescloserelationshipswithindividuals,knownasinformants,whocanprovidespecificinformationonritual,kinship,orothersignificantaspectsofculturallife.Inthisprocessalsotheanthropologistrisksthedangerofbiasedviewpoints,asthosewhomostwillinglyactasinformantsfrequentlyareindividualswhoaremarginaltothegroupandwho,forulteriormotives(e.g.,alienationfromthegrouporadesiretobesingledoutasspecialbytheforeigner),mayprovideotherthanobjectiveexplanationsofculturalandsocialphenomena.Afinalhazardinherentinethnographicfieldworkistheever-presentpossibilityofculturalchangeproducedbyorresultingfromtheethnographer’spresenceinthegroup.
Contemporaryethnographiesusuallyadheretoacommunity,ratherthanindividual,focusandconcentrateonthedescriptionofcurrentcircumstancesratherthanhistoricalevents.Traditionally,commonalitiesamongmembersofthegrouphavebeenemphasized,thoughrecentethnographyhasbeguntoreflectaninterestintheimportanceofvariationwithinculturalsystems.Ethnographicstudiesarenolongerrestrictedtosmallprimitivesocietiesbutmayalsofocusonsuchsocialunitsasurbanghettos.ThetoolsoftheethnographerhavechangedradicallysinceMalinowski’stime.Whiledetailednotesarestillamainstayoffieldwork,ethnographershavetakenfulladvantageoftechnologicaldevelopmentssuchasmotionpicturesandtaperecorderstoaugmenttheirwrittenaccounts.
1.ThelastsentenceofPara.1indicatesorsuggeststhat().
2.WhichofthefollowingmayNOTgivebiasestotheethnographer’sstudyofculture?
3.TheethnographershowsgreatinterestinallofthefollowingEXCEPT().
4.Accordingtothepassage,itwasMalinowskiwho().
5.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatthemethodusedbyearlierethnographerswas().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ethnographyshouldmaketheoreticalaswellascomparativestudyofculture
B.ethnographersshouldbeontheirguardagainstovergeneralizingaboutculture
C.ethnographerswouldinevitablybringbiasesintotheirstudyofnewcultures
D.ethnographicfindingsshouldbecomparedwiththosemadebyothersciences
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Thepeoplewhoanswerhisquestions
B.Hisownculturalbackground
C.Thekindofinformationhewantstoget
D.Thechangesmadebyhispresenceinthecultureinquestion
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.currentconditionsthatexistwithaculture
B.individualbehaviorasshapedbyacustom
C.behaviorpatternscommonamongmembersofaculture
D.differenceexistingwithinaculture
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.developedethnographyintoanthropology
B.usedtaperecorderstorecordthedesiredinformation
C.studiedsuchunitsasurbanghettos
D.isconsideredfounderofethnography
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.detailednote-taking
B.randomselection
C.tape-recording
D.on-the-spotinvestigation
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第一段的最后一句“Thustheformulatingofgeneralizationsaboutcultureandthedrawingofcomparisonsinevitablybecomecomponentsofethnography.因此,對(duì)文化概括進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的闡述和比較不可避免地成為民族志的一部分。”由此可知,作者認(rèn)為民族志不僅僅只是理論上的,還要對(duì)文化進(jìn)行比較研究。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Justastheanthropologistbringstothesituationcertaininherent,ifunconscious,culturalbiases,soalsoisheinfluencedbythesubjectofhisstudy.正如人類學(xué)家將某些固有的,也許是無意識(shí)的,文化偏見帶到這種情況中,他也會(huì)受到他研究對(duì)象的影響?!盇選擇“回答他問題的人”屬于研究的對(duì)象,會(huì)造成偏見,所以不正確;而人類學(xué)家之所以會(huì)有固有的或者說是無意識(shí)的文化偏見是由于各自不同的文化背景造成的,所以選項(xiàng)B也不正確;根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Afinalhazardinherentinethnographicfieldworkistheever-presentpossibilityofculturalchangeproducedbyorresultingfromtheethnographer’spresenceinthegroup.民族志實(shí)地調(diào)查的最后一個(gè)固有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是,由于民族志學(xué)者的存在而產(chǎn)生或?qū)е挛幕淖兊目赡苄砸恢贝嬖??!币驗(yàn)樵谶@個(gè)過程中,他們總會(huì)聽到持有偏見的一些觀點(diǎn)。所以選項(xiàng)D也不正確。只有選項(xiàng)C他自己想要得到的信息不會(huì)對(duì)文化研究帶來偏見,所以正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容,當(dāng)代民族志通常擁護(hù)群體,而不是個(gè)人,由此可知B選項(xiàng)“由于習(xí)慣形成的個(gè)人行為”不是民族志學(xué)者感興趣的;民族志關(guān)注和專注于描述當(dāng)前的情況,而不是歷史事件,由此可知A選項(xiàng)“與文化共存的當(dāng)前的情況”是民族志學(xué)者感興趣的。傳統(tǒng)上,群體成員之間的共性一直被強(qiáng)調(diào),然而最近的民族志已經(jīng)開始對(duì)文化系統(tǒng)中差異的重要性產(chǎn)生了興趣,由此可知,C選項(xiàng)“在一種文化中成員之間常見的行為模式”和D選項(xiàng)“存在于文化中的差異”都是民族志學(xué)者所關(guān)注的內(nèi)容。所以本題選B。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句“ThetoolsoftheethnographerhavechangedradicallysinceMalinowski’stime.Whiledetailednotesarestillamainstayoffieldwork,ethnographershavetakenfulladvantageoftechnologicaldevelopmentssuchasmotionpicturesandtaperecorderstoaugmenttheirwrittenaccounts.自馬林諾夫斯基時(shí)代以來,民族志學(xué)者的工具已經(jīng)發(fā)生了根本的變化。雖然詳細(xì)的筆記仍然是現(xiàn)場工作的主要手段,但民族志學(xué)者已經(jīng)充分利用了技術(shù)的發(fā)展,如電影和錄音機(jī),以增加他們的文字記錄?!彼赃x項(xiàng)B“用錄音機(jī)記錄所需信息”符合原文。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)上一題可知,自馬林諾夫斯基時(shí)代以來,民族志學(xué)者的工具已經(jīng)發(fā)生了根本的變化。雖然詳細(xì)的筆記仍然是現(xiàn)場工作的主要手段,但民族志學(xué)者已經(jīng)充分利用了技術(shù)的發(fā)展,如電影和錄音機(jī),以增加他們的文字記錄。由此可以推斷出早期民族志學(xué)者用的方法是記錄詳細(xì)的筆記,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
20.填空題
Mostparents,Isuppose,havehadtheexperienceofreadingabedtimestorytotheir(1).Andtheymusthave
(2)
howdifficultitistowriteagoodchildren'sbook.Eithertheauthorhasaimedtoo
(3)
,sothatthechildrencan'tfollowwhatisinhis(ormoreoften,her)story,
(4)
thestoryseemstobetalkingtothereaders.
Thebestchildren'sbooksareneitherverydifficultnorverysimple,andsatisfyboththechildrenwho
(5)
thestoryandtheadultwho
(6)
it.Unfortunately,thereareinfact
(7)
bookslikethis,sotheproblemoffindingtherightbedtimestoryisnot
(8)
tosolve.Thismaybewhymanyofbooksregardedasworksofchildren'sliteraturewereinfactwrittenfor
(9)
.“Alice'sAdventureinWonderland”isperhapsthemostobviousofthis.Children,leftforthemselves,often
(10)
theworstpossibleinterestinliterature.Justleaveachildinbookshopor
(11)
andhewillmorewillinglychoosethebookswritteninanimaginativeway,orhavea
(12)
atmostchildren'scomics,fullofthestoriesandjokeswhicharetheobjectionsofteachersandright-thinkingparents.
Perhapsweparentsshould
(13)
tryingtobrainwashchildrenintoacceptingourtasteinliterature.Afterallchildrenandadultsareso
(14)
thatweparentsshouldnotexpectthattheywillenjoythe
(15)
books.SoIsupposewe'lljusthavetocompromiseoverthatbedtimestory.
【答案】(1)children
(2)realized
(3)high
(4)or
(5)hear
(6)read
(7)few
(8)easy
(9)grow-ups或adults
(10)show
(11)library
(12)look
(13)stop
(14)different
(15)same
【解析】(1)由空格前的their可知此處應(yīng)填入名詞。句中出現(xiàn)parents“父母”和bedtimestory“床頭故事”,空格前的their指parents,因此可知空格處可填入“children”。
(2)空格前的they依然指parents,空格后是how引導(dǎo)的從句,因此空格處為動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意“他們一定已經(jīng)……寫一本好的兒童書有多難”。這里需要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞表示父母們“知道”、“認(rèn)知”寫一本好的兒童書的有多難,可填入realized“意識(shí)到”,符合語境,
(3)由空格前的too可知此處應(yīng)填入形容詞。前面動(dòng)詞aim“設(shè)置目標(biāo)”,加上后面sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語“孩子們聽不懂他(或她)的故事”,因此作者設(shè)置的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是“過于高(high)”。
(4)空格后是一個(gè)完整句,因此空格處應(yīng)為連接詞或關(guān)聯(lián)詞。本句句首出現(xiàn)了either,結(jié)合后半句句意“這個(gè)故事似乎在與讀者對(duì)話”,可知本句就是在表達(dá)寫故事的兩種后果——一種看不懂,一種似乎是對(duì)話。可想到與either搭配的or,either…or…表示“要么……要么……”。
(5)空格處為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞thechildren,主語who后面缺少從句的謂語動(dòng)詞成分。賓語是thestory,children自然是“聽”故事的人,因此此處填入hear。
(6)空格前后都有名詞,且這里有并列關(guān)系詞and,可知空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞。Theadult指的是parents,it指thestory,因此應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞read。
(7)空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞來修飾名詞books。由句首的unfortunately可知,“像這樣的(上一句所說)故事書”應(yīng)該是“很難”找到,這個(gè)修飾詞表示否定含義,因此可用few修飾books,表示“幾乎沒有(很難找到)這樣的書”。
(8)空格前有be動(dòng)詞,后面是動(dòng)詞不定式tosolve,需要解決的是“theproblem”,且本句后半部分是so引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語,原因在前半句“不幸的是,事實(shí)上像這樣的書沒有幾本”,由此可知這個(gè)問題“不容易解決”,應(yīng)填入easy。
(9)本句句首的“thismaybewhy”說明本句是順承上句而來的結(jié)果,上句說到“真正的兒童書籍幾乎沒有”,因此本句表示“兒童文學(xué)作品實(shí)際上是為成年人而寫”??崭裉帒?yīng)填入表示“成年人”的詞,adults或grow-ups。
(10)空格處詞語的賓語是interest“興趣”,因此這里說的是“讓孩子自己讀書時(shí),他們常常對(duì)文學(xué)毫無興趣”。“表現(xiàn)興趣”應(yīng)用“showtheinterest”表示,空格處填入show。
(11)空格前的or在本句表示并列,or前后的詞語應(yīng)該詞性一致、并具有同一特點(diǎn),bookshop“書店”有書供孩子閱讀,另一個(gè)常見同類地方就是library“圖書館”。
(12)本句表示“讓孩子們?cè)跁昊驁D書館自行選書閱讀”,空格后是一類圖書children’scomics“兒童漫畫”,因此前面應(yīng)是表示“閱讀”的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組,加上空格前后的havea…at,可推知此處應(yīng)是“havealookat”。
(13)本句句意:也許我們父母應(yīng)該……嘗試給孩子洗腦,讓他們接受我們對(duì)文學(xué)的品味。上一段表示兒童文學(xué)作品大多為成年人而寫,真正的兒童讀物很少。由此推測本句是在呼吁“停止嘗試給孩子洗腦”。stopdoingsth.表示“停止做某事”。
(14)本句句意:畢竟兒童和成人間有著很大的……,因此父母不應(yīng)期待他們會(huì)喜歡讀……的書,接上文,兒童不會(huì)喜歡成人化的作品,說明兒童與成人是“不同的”,因此此處應(yīng)填入different。
(15)接上題解析,由于兒童和成人有很大不同,因此他們不會(huì)讀“相同的”書籍,應(yīng)填入same。
21.單選題
14.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Sheisseriouslyill.
B.Shehastolookafterherhusbandathome.
C.Shewillpersuadeherhusbandtogotohospital.
D.Shewillbetakengoodcareofbyhersisteranddaughter.
【答案】C
【解析】W:Oh,Icouldn'tpossiblydothat.Icouldn’ttellmyhusbandandanyway,who’dlookafterhim?
M:Icanunderstandyourconcerns.Ifyouknewthathewouldhavecomeheretoday,whatdoyouthinkhewouldsay?
W:He’dbesoworried.Hedoesn’tlikeitwhenanyoneissickandhehateshospitals.
M:Well,youmightalsothinkaboutwhatyouwouldsaytoyoursisteranddaughter?
Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoman?
【解析】女士說:Icouldn’ttellmyhusbandandanyway(我不知道怎么開口告訴他),He’dbesoworried.Hedoesn’tlikeitwhenanyoneissickandhehateshospitals(他平時(shí)就恨生病,也討厭來醫(yī)院),因此她一直焦慮如何說服丈夫來醫(yī)院。
22.單選題
Americansarepeopleobsessedwithchild-rearing.Intheirbooks,magazines,talkshows,parenttrainingcourses,WhiteHouseconferences,andchatsoverthebackfence,theyendlesslydebatethebestwaystoraisechildren.Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.Theyerectplaygroundsfortheyoungster’spleasure,equiplargeschoolsfortheireducation,andtrainskilledspecialistsfortheirwelfare.WholeindustriesinAmericaaredevotedtomakingchildrenhappy,healthyandwise.
Butthisinterestinchildhoodisrelativelynew.Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.Byandlarge,theyeitherignoredchildren,beatthem,orfondledthemcarelessly,muchaswewouldamuseourselveswithalotofpuppies.Whentheygaveseriousthoughttochildrenatall,peopleeitherconceivedofthemasminiatureadultsoraspeculiar,unformedanimals.
Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother.Babieswhohavebeennurturedexclusivelybyt
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