考研考博-英語-九江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-九江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

研究表明，與20年前相比，盡管社交媒體越來越受人們歡迎，但是青少年的朋友卻日益減少。一份歷時(shí)12年、涵蓋20萬高中生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然年輕人的朋友越來越少，但是他們更多交友的意向并無增多。該研究認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)變化在促使個(gè)人主義增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)，可能導(dǎo)致人們交友興趣減弱，使人們更多轉(zhuǎn)向自立、增強(qiáng)自尊、減少孤獨(dú)感。

【答案】Despitethegrowingpopularityofsocialmedia,teenagershavefewerfriendsthantheydid20yearsago.Asurvey,carriedoutfor12years,ofmorethan200,000UShighschoolstudentsfoundthatyoungpeoplehadfewerfriends,butlessdesireformakingmorefriends.Thestudyhasshownthateconomicchangesleadtoincreasedindividuality,whichcouldleadtodecreasinginterestinfriends,increasingself-reliance,increasingself-esteemanddecreasingloneliness.

2.單選題

WhileitmaybedebatablewhetherSuezmarkedtheendofBritain’simperialera,itundoubtedlyblewawaythe（）ofcoequalityintheAnglo-Americanpartnership.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mirage

B.disillusion

C.conjuration

D.deception

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。mirage“幻想，妄想”；disillusion“幻滅，醒悟”；conjuration“祈禱，咒語”；deception“欺騙，欺詐”。句意：盡管蘇伊士運(yùn)河是否標(biāo)志著英國(guó)帝國(guó)主義的結(jié)束存在爭(zhēng)議，但是毫無疑問它吹走了英美伙伴關(guān)系中平等的幻想。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Thesecontinual（

）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transitions

B.transformations

C.exchanges

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transitions“過度，轉(zhuǎn)變”；B選項(xiàng)transformations“轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換”C選項(xiàng)exchanges“交換，交易所”；D選項(xiàng)fluctuations“波動(dòng)，變化”。句意：氣溫的變化讓我們難以決定該穿什么。這里根據(jù)句意答案選D。A選項(xiàng)指從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變過程，Weneedtoensureasmoothtransitionbetweentheoldsystemandthenewone.（我們得確保新舊制度間的平穩(wěn)過渡），本句指的是溫度的變化沒有提到從冷到熱或者從熱到冷這一對(duì)具有明顯反義的詞出現(xiàn)，所以不能選。B、C選項(xiàng)帶入文中不符合題意。

4.單選題

Shewasagreathelptoherfamilywhenherfathersufferedamental（）andhadtobehospitalized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destruction

B.disaster

C.damage

D.collapse

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:destruction“破壞，毀滅”；B:disaster“災(zāi)難；不幸”；C:damage“損害”；D:collapse“崩潰；衰弱”。句意：當(dāng)她的父親精神上受到傷害，不得不住院時(shí)，她對(duì)家人幫助很大。根據(jù)句意，精神傷害應(yīng)為mentaldamage，故C為正確答案。

5.單選題

Theyspeakofelectioncampaignpollsasamusicianmightofanorchestra____,orapainterofdefectivepaint.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inpace

B.outoffocus

C.instep

D.outoftune

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.inpace保持同步B.outoffocus失焦

C.instep步調(diào)一致D.outoftune走調(diào)

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】空格處所填詞是音樂家（amusician）的后置定語，而根據(jù)原句句意“他們把選舉投票說成是‘管弦樂隊(duì)中____的樂師’或‘油漆涂不好（defectivepaint）的油漆匠’”，由此可知，空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與“有缺陷的（defective）”語義一致，因此，D選項(xiàng)outoftune“走調(diào)”符合原文語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)inpace“保持同步”，與“有缺陷的（defective）”語義不一致；

B選項(xiàng)outoffocus“失焦”，一般用于攝影師，不用于樂師；

C選項(xiàng)instep“步調(diào)一致”與“有缺陷的（defective）”語義不一致。

【句意】他們把選舉投票說成是“管弦樂隊(duì)中跑調(diào)的樂師”或“油漆有缺陷的油漆匠”。

6.單選題

Somejournalistsoftenoverstatethesituationsothattheirnewsmaycreateagreat

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explosion

B.sensation

C.exaggeration

D.stimulation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。createagreatsensation表示“引起轟動(dòng)”

7.單選題

Itwasn'tuntilthelate19thcenturythatphysiciansrealizedthatits_______symptomswereallpartofthesamedisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perfunctory

B.peremptory

C.perplexing

D.perambulatory

【答案】C

【解析】perfunctory敷衍的;peremptory強(qiáng)制的,專橫的;perplexing復(fù)雜的,令人困惑的;perambulatory巡視的。句意：直到19世紀(jì)末,醫(yī)生們才意識(shí)到,這些令人費(fèi)解的癥狀都是同一種疾病的一部分。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Designedtomeettheglobalneedforajetlinersizedbetweenthecompany'sown767-300and4-engine747-400,thenewplane'sseating（

）madeittheworld’slargesttwo-enginepassengerplane.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ability

B.capacity

C.capability

D.facility

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。seatingcapacity“載客人數(shù)”，為固定搭配，故答案B。ability“能力”；capability“性能，容量”；facility“設(shè)施”。句意：它的載客人數(shù)使其成為世界上最大的雙引擎客機(jī)。答案B

9.單選題

Humaneyesightissokeenthatonaclear,moonlessnightapersonstandingonamountainpeakcanseeamatchbeingstruckasfarasfiftymilesaway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slapped

B.lit

C.stuck

D.blazed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。struck表示“打擊，劃（火柴），罷工”。A項(xiàng)slap“拍擊”，B項(xiàng)lit“點(diǎn)亮，點(diǎn)燃”，C項(xiàng)stick“刺，戳”，D項(xiàng)blaze“燃燒，照耀”。句意：人類的視力是如此敏銳，在一個(gè)晴朗、沒有月亮的夜晚，一個(gè)人站在山頂上，就能看到50英里外的人正在劃一根火柴。根據(jù)題意該題選B。

10.單選題

()beforeweleavethedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfultimetogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。本句為混合虛擬語氣。從句部分有表示將來的時(shí)間詞thedayaftertomorrow，因此用wereto的形式。虛擬條件句中如果含有were，should或had，可將if省略，將這三個(gè)詞移到從句句首位置，并倒裝。Itisabouttimethat是一個(gè)虛擬語氣句型，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，that從句的謂語用一般過去時(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

DuringtheSpringFestivalholiday,Chinesecitizensaregrantedavisa-upon-arrivalin37countriesandregions,whileafurther11countriesandregionsare（）visa-free.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.measurable

C.abnormal

D.accessible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)identical表示“同一的，完全相同的”；B選項(xiàng)measurable表示“可測(cè)量的，重大的，重要的”；C選項(xiàng)abnormal表示“反常的，不規(guī)則的”；D選項(xiàng)accessible表示“可進(jìn)入的，可理解的，易接近的”。由句意可知，在春節(jié)期間，中國(guó)公民在37個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)享有落地簽證的權(quán)利，而在另外的11個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，享受免簽待遇。因此，D選項(xiàng)含義最符合句意要求，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

12.翻譯題

1.Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthehighstreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoice.Therewill,however,beacost:protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhigh-streetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.

2.Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefundwhengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonascreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theon-linecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.

23.Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Then,lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.

24.Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.

Consumerswillstillneedtousetheirjudgment.Butpreciselybecausethetechnologyisnew,electronicshoppersarelikelyforawhiletobealotmorecautiousthanconsumersofthenormalsort—andthenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown.Inthisway,atleast,theadventofcyberspacemayargueforfewerconsumerprotectionlaws,notmore.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.就大多數(shù)人而言，購(gòu)物仍然意味著沿著大街閑逛或者在大型購(gòu)物中心裝滿購(gòu)物車。不久，這種情況會(huì)有所改變。電子商務(wù)迅猛發(fā)展，不久會(huì)給人們帶來更多的選擇。然而，這需要付出代價(jià)：保護(hù)顧客使之免受欺騙會(huì)更加困難。因此，許多政府想把街道的條例延伸到電子世界。

2.富裕國(guó)家的消費(fèi)者已習(xí)慣于這樣的觀念，政府應(yīng)對(duì)一切負(fù)責(zé)，包括銀行的穩(wěn)定和藥物的安全，以及退回有缺陷商品的權(quán)利，但是一些政府不會(huì)把國(guó)家的法律強(qiáng)加給只在本國(guó)屏幕上出現(xiàn)的企業(yè)。

3.一種回答是：政府之間要進(jìn)行更多的合作，即承認(rèn)彼此的條例，但這需要許多詳細(xì)的條例，許多國(guó)家制定的條例純屬空想，以至于一些嚴(yán)肅的國(guó)家不愿接受，那么就讓電子企業(yè)自我約束吧。

4.在電子商務(wù)中，誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng)的聲譽(yù)會(huì)成為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的無價(jià)之寶。為了贏得信譽(yù)，一些政府也可能會(huì)展開競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。譬如說，在網(wǎng)上訂購(gòu)藥品的顧客可能愿意從美國(guó)那里購(gòu)買，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈攀称芳八幤饭芾砭值膰?yán)格審查，他們也有可能斷定食品及藥品管理局的條例過于苛刻，因而從瑞士那里購(gòu)買。

13.單選題

Myworkwithleadersfromallwalksoflifehas（

）methattheywerenotbornleaders—theyaremade.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocated

B.implied

C.convinced

D.illustrated

【答案】C

【解析】convincesb.that“使某人相信...”。句意:我與各行各業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的共事讓我相信,他們不是天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,而是后天形成的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.單選題

WorldTradeOrganizationDirector-generalRenatoRuggierspredictedthattheWTOwouldboostglobalincomesby51trillioninthenexttenyears.Thepactpavesthewayformoreforeigninvestmentandcompetitionintelecommakers.Manygovernmentsaremakingtelecomderegulationapriorityandmakingiteasierforoutsiderstoenterthetelecommunicationbusiness.

Thepacevarieswidely.TheU.S.andBritainarewellaheadofthepack,whileThailandwon'tfullyopenuntil2006.only20%ofthe5601billionworldmarketiscurrentlyopentocompetition.Thatshouldjumptoabout75%inacoupleofyears--largelyduetotheTelecomActintheU.S.lastyearthatderegulatedlocalmarkets,theopeningupoftheEuropeanUnionsmarketsfromJan.1,1998andthederegulationinJapan.TheWTOdealnowprovidesaforumfortheinevitabledisputesalongtheway.Itisalsosymbolic:thefirstmajortradeagreementofthepost-industrialage.Insteadofbeingobsessedwithtextilequotas,theWTOpactisproofthatgovernmentsarerealizingthatinaninformationage,telecomistheoilandsteelofeconomiesinthefuture.Businessesaroundtheworldarealreadyspendingmoreintotalontelecomservicesthantheydoonoil.

Consumers,meanwhile,canlookforwardtoafutureoflowerprices—bysomeestimates,internationalcallingratesshoulddrop80%overseveralyears-andbetterservice.Thanksinparttothevastlyincreasedcallvolumecardedbythefiber-opticcablesthatspantheglobetoday,callinghalfaworldawayalreadycostslittlemorethantelephoningnextdoor.Themonopoliescannolongersrthighpricesforinternationalcallsinmanycountries.IntheU.s.,theworld'dmostfiercelycompetitivelongdistancemarket,frequentcallerssincelastyearhavebeenpayingabout12centsaminutetocallBritain,apricenotmuchmorethandomesticrates.

ThenewcompetitiveenvironmentonthehorizonmeansmoreopportunitiesforcompaniesfromtheU.S.andU.K.inparticularbecausetheyhaveplentyofpracticeattherough-and-tumbleoffreemarkets.TheU.S.lobbiedhardfortheWTOdeal,confidentthatitsfirmswouldbebigbeneficiariesofmoreopenmarkets.Britainhasbeenderegulatedsince1984butwillseeevenmorecompetitionthanbefore;inDecember,thegovernmentissued45newinternationallicensestojoinBritainTelecomsothatitwillbecomeastrongcompetitorintheinternationalmarket.However,theonce-cossetedindustrywillgetrougherworldwide.Returnsoncapitalwillcomedown.Riskswillgoup.Thatishowfreemarketswork.Itwilllooklikeanybusiness.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainthemeofthepassage?

2.Whatdoes"wellaheadofthepack"meaninrespectoftheU.S.andBritain?

3.Wecanreasonablyconcludefromthepassagethat（）.

4.Inlastparagraph,theword"lobby"probablymeans“（）”.

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisagreatpotentialintheworldtelecommarket.

B.TheWTOpacthasboostedarapiddevelopmentoftelecomallovertheworld.

C.TheWTOpacthasopenedupbiggertelecommarketstocompetition.

D.Governmentshaverealizedtheimportanceoftelecommunication.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theirtelecomtechnologyismuchmoreadvanced.

B.Theirtelecommarketsaremuchmoreopen.

C.Theyhavemoremoneyinvestedinforeigntelecombusiness.

D.Theyhavemorecompetitioninthetelecommarkets.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theworldtelecommarkethasbeenfullyexploredsincethesigningoftheWTOpact

B.telecomcompaniesoftheU.S.andU.K.willundoubtedlydominatetheworldtelecommarket

C.manygovernmentshavegrantedagreatinvestmentintheirtelecombusiness

D.theWTOpactmeanstoughercompetitionfortelecomcompaniesandgentlerpriceforcallers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.persuade

B.approve

C.separate

D.imitate

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.informativeandneutral

B.seriousandcautions

C.enthusiasticandoptimistic

D.analyticalandworried

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Thepactpavesthewayformoreforeigninvestmentandcompetitionintelecommakers.”該協(xié)議為更多外國(guó)投資和電信業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)鋪平了道路。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的二三句“TheU.S.andBritainarewellaheadofthepack,whileThailandwon'tfullyopenuntil2006.only20%ofthe5601billionworldmarketiscurrentlyopentocompetition.”美國(guó)和英國(guó)遙遙領(lǐng)先意味著他們的電信市場(chǎng)更加開放。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第三句“only20%ofthe5601billionworldmarketiscurrentlyopentocompetition.”說明電信市場(chǎng)還沒有完全開放,所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)B的說法太絕對(duì),也不正確；選項(xiàng)C政府投資在文中沒有提及。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)原句“TheU.S.lobbiedhardfortheWTOdeal,confidentthatitsfirmswouldbebigbeneficiariesofmoreopenmarkets.”美國(guó)相信他們的企業(yè)將成為更多開放市場(chǎng)中的最大受益者。所以美國(guó)一直在為WTO達(dá)成協(xié)議說好話,試圖說服WTO盡快達(dá)成協(xié)議,所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.作者在原文中沒有表現(xiàn)出自己的觀點(diǎn),只是描述詳細(xì)的信息,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

15.單選題

Peoplearegettingabetterideaoftheneedtoprotect（

）propertyrights.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.knowledge

B.intelligence

C.intellectual

D.learning

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。intellectualproperty意為“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”。

句意：人們?cè)絹碓搅私獾奖Ｗo(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的必要性。

16.單選題

IX.ForensicAppraisal

Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三聯(lián)征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.

Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(視網(wǎng)膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血腫),andcerebraledema(腦水腫)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.AccordingtotheconventionalunderstandingofSBS,theapplicationofrotationalaccelerationanddecelerationforcestotheinfant’sheadcausesthebraintorotateintheskull.Abruptdecelerationallowscontinuingbrainrotationuntilbridgingveinsarestretchedandruptured,causingathinlayerofsubduralhaemorrhageonthesurfaceofthebrain.Retinalhemorrhageswerethoughttoresultfromasimilarcausalmechanism.Mostsignificantly,thetriadofsymptomswasbelievedtobedistinctlycharacteristicofviolentshaking.

Despiteitslingeringpresenceinthepopularimagination,thescientificunderpinningsofSBShavecrumbledoverthepastdecadeasthemedicalestablishmenthasdeliberatelydiscardedadiagnosisdefinedbyshaking.Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace,doctorsarenowinwidespreadagreementthatSBSisanunhelpfulcharacterization,andthatthepresenceofretinalhemorrhagesandsubduralhematomacannotconclusivelyprovethatinjurywasinflicted.

Althoughitmaybetemptingtoconcludesimplythatscienceevolves,andleavetheinquirythere,thestoryismorecomplex;anobjectlessoninscientificoverreachingandthechallengeofcorrection.

AnumberofforcescoalescedtotransformSBSfromacertaindiagnosisintoitscurrentstateofflux.Mostimportantly,inthemid-tolate-1990s,medicalresearch,includingtheSBSliterature,becamesubjecttoaheightenedlevelofscrutiny.Thenewevidence-basedmedicinestandardsrequireddoctorstoderivetheirresearchfrommethodsthatarescientificandstatisticallyrigorous.Thechangetriggeredareviewoftheevidencesupportinganumberofareasofmedicine,andincludedacomprehensiveefforttoexaminethescienceunderlyingSBS.

Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.

83.OnelearnsfromtheparagraphsthatSBSis___.

84.Thepresenceofthefollowingsyndromesmakesthedoctorsbelievethatababywasshakenhard,except___.

85.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thefollowingstatementisNOTcorrect___.

86.Onecanforeseethataftertherecentresearchresultbasedonevidence,___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adiseasethatcanbecaughtbyababy

B.asyndromethatcourtsusetochargeadefendantforababy’sdeath

C.asyndromethatdoctorslookattodeterminethecauseofababy’sdeath

D.anewdiscovery

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebabywaslessthanoneyearold

B.retinalhemorrhaging

C.subduralhematoma

D.cerebraledema

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

B.thepreviousconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBSwasnotcorrect

C.theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinadifferentresult

D.themedicalliteraturepublishedafter1998containedadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theprosecutionofSBSdefendantwillnolongerexist

B.thepastconvictionofSBSwilldefinitelybeannouncedtobeerror

C.therewillprobablybechallengetopastconvictionforcorrection

D.doctorsaregoingtoabandonthetermSBS

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】83.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段第一句Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三聯(lián)征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.（作為一個(gè)絕對(duì)的問題，嬰兒搖晃綜合征的科學(xué)不再支持在三聯(lián)征案件中無可置疑地找到證據(jù)——這些案件代表了大量SBS起訴）以及最后一段Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.（將循證框架應(yīng)用于SBS文獻(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)顯著的決定：1998年之前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無法就與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問題的大多數(shù)方面得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論）可知SBS是用來控訴被告造成嬰兒死亡的一種綜合征，選B選項(xiàng)“法庭用來指控被告造成嬰兒死亡的一種綜合癥”；A選項(xiàng)“一種可以被嬰兒傳染的疾病”，B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生通過觀察確定嬰兒死亡原因的一種綜合癥”和D選項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)”原文未涉及，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

84.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段第一句Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(視網(wǎng)膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血腫),andcerebraledema(腦水腫)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.（在過去，僅僅存在視網(wǎng)膜出血、硬膜下血腫和腦水腫就被認(rèn)為是嬰兒受到了足夠大的震動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生了所謂的鞭打力）可知B選項(xiàng)“視網(wǎng)膜出血”，C選項(xiàng)“硬膜下血腫”以及D選項(xiàng)“腦水腫”這些癥狀的存在使醫(yī)生相信嬰兒被用力搖晃，不符合題意，排除；A選項(xiàng)“嬰兒不到一歲”原文未涉及，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

85.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無法就與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問題的大多數(shù)方面得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論）可知A選項(xiàng)“1998年以前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無法得出確定的結(jié)論”和B選項(xiàng)“先前關(guān)于與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問題的大多數(shù)方面的結(jié)論是不正確的”描述正確，最后一段開頭Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination（將循證框架應(yīng)用于SBS文獻(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)顯著的決定），結(jié)合下文可知這個(gè)顯著的決定和以往的內(nèi)容不同，因此C選項(xiàng)“將循證框架應(yīng)用于SBS文獻(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了不同的結(jié)果”描述正確；D選項(xiàng)“1998年之后出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了足夠的科學(xué)證據(jù)來得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論”在最后一段未提及，屬于過度推斷。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

86.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.（簡(jiǎn)單地說，這里的變化增加了過去錯(cuò)誤的真正可能性）以及最后一段最后一句themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無法就與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問題的大多數(shù)方面得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論）可知最近的研究結(jié)果可能會(huì)讓過去的定罪產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑，選C選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)對(duì)過去的定罪提出質(zhì)疑”，A選項(xiàng)“SBS被告的起訴將不復(fù)存在”和B選項(xiàng)“SBS過去的定罪肯定會(huì)被宣布為錯(cuò)誤”屬于過度推斷，排除；第三段Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace...（雖然沒有一個(gè)單獨(dú)的術(shù)語來代替它……）只能推斷出沒有另外的術(shù)語來代替SBS，無法得知SBS是否會(huì)被醫(yī)生放棄，D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生們將放棄術(shù)語SBS”不符合原文，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

由小學(xué)到中學(xué)，所修習(xí)的無非是一些普通的基本知識(shí)。就是大學(xué)四年，所授課業(yè)也還是相當(dāng)粗淺的學(xué)識(shí)。世人常稱大學(xué)為“最高學(xué)府”，這名稱易滋誤解，好像過此以上即無學(xué)問可言。

大學(xué)的研究所才是初步研究學(xué)問的所在，在這里做學(xué)問也只能算是粗涉藩籬，注重的是研究學(xué)問的方法與實(shí)習(xí)。學(xué)無止境，一生的時(shí)間都嫌太短，所以古人皓首窮經(jīng)，頭發(fā)白了還是在繼續(xù)研究，不過在這樣的研究中確實(shí)有濃厚的趣味。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】Welearnnothingmorethansomebasicallycommonknowledgefromprimarytosecondaryschool.Evenifduringfour-yearuniversitylife,weweretaughtonlyrudimentsofscholarship.Universitiesareusuallyknownas“thehighesteducationalinstitution”,whichislikelytocausethemisunderstandingthatthereisnomoretolearnafteruniversity.

Theresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarethecertainplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttastingoflearningwherefocusonresearchmethodandpractice.Knowledgeisinfiniteandlifeislimited.Thus,ancientpeopleneverstoptheirstudyevenwhentheywereveryold.However,therewasstronginterestinthisprocess.

【解析】

18.單選題

Birdmigrationisoneofthemostinterestingyetleastunderstoodnaturalphenomena.Everyfallbirdsfromnorthernlatitudesflyingroupstothewarmersouthernlatitudesandthenreturnnorthinthespring.Scientistsagreeonthemainreasonsformigration:tofollowthefoodsupplyandtoavoidharshclimateconditions.Forexample,insectsdisappearduringthecoldmonths,promptinginsect-dependentbirdstoflysouthtowarmareaswhereinsectsbreed.Nosimilarconsensushasemerged,however,abouthowbirdsareabletonavigate.Despitemanyrecentexperiments,birdexpertsstilldonotknowhowbirdsarriveatthesamedestinationeveryyearandthenfindtheirwaybackhomeinthespring.

Somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges.Experimentshaveconfirmedthatsomespeciesdofollowsuchtopographicfeatures.Butthatmethodcannotexplainhowsomebirdstravelatnight.Otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebythestars.Butthatexplanationcannotexplaindaytimemigrationortravelwhentheskiesarecloudy.

ThemostpopularexplanationcurrentlyisthatbirdsareguidedbyEarth’smagneticpoles.Themechanismbywhichthatworkshasnotyetbeenproved.Onetheorypointstothefactthatsomebirds’brainscontainmagnetite,anaturallyoccurringmagneticcompoundconsistingofironoxide.Magnetite

hasbeenfoundinmanyanimals,includingbirds.Withmagnetsembeddedintheirbrains,birdswouldbeabletosensethemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPoles.

Arecentexperimentwithhomingpigeonsprovidedsomeevidencethatmagnetitedoesplayacrucialroleinmigration.Homingpigeonsareknowntohavetheabilitytoreturntotheirhomesafterbeingtakenhundredsofmilesaway.Researchersfoundthattheycouldtrainhomingpigeonstorecognizechangesinamagneticfield.Whenasurroundingmagneticfieldwasnormal,thebirdswouldgatheratoneendofacage.Butwhenthefield’spolaritywasaltered,theyhoppedtotheotherend,suggestingthattheyweredetectingandrespondingtochangesinthemagneticfield.

Anothertheoryhasbeenofferedtoexplainthissensitivitytomagneticpoles,atheorythatdrawsuponquantummechanics,whichisthestudyofhowparticlesmoveinsideanatom.Itreliesonthefactthatelectronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom.Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother.Butwhenmoleculessplitandreactwithothermoleculestoformcompounds,theelectronpairsmaynolongerspininoppositedirections.Instead,theymayrepeleachother,aswhentwonorthendsofmagnetsarepressedtogether.Theelectronsstruggletochangedirectioninordertoachieveastablestateinwhichthetwoelectronsagainneutralizeeachother,givingoffnomagneticfield.

Thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight.ThebirdscansensetheeffortsoftheelectronsintryingtoreachaconditionofstabilitybecauseoftheslightchangesinthepulloftheNorthandSouthPoles.Inthisway,thebirdscandetectthedirectionofthepoleswhiletheyareinflight.

Inoneexperimenttoconfirmthiseffect,agroupofEuropeanrobinsweretrickedbyartificiallighttobelievethatitwastimeforspringmigration.Thebirdsbecameeagertoflynorth.Thechangesinlighttriggeredtheelectron-pairmovementdescribedabove,exposingtherobinstothemagneticfieldaccompanyingtheelectronpairs.Thebirdsbecamedisorientedandflewinalldirections.Thesimulatedmagneticfieldsweremuchtooweaktobedetectedbythebirds’naturalmagnetite,suggestingtotheexperimentersthattheelectronpairs,notthemagnetite,wereresponsibleforthebirds’confusedflying.

Thecurrentview,therefore,isthatlightplaysanimportantroleinguidingbirdmigration.Thismaybewhybirdsturntheirheadsfromsidetosidebeforeflyingoff.Theireyesarecollectingthesurroundinglight,whichinturnallowsthemtoprocessandanalyzetheexistingmagneticfieldsandtokeepthemselvespointedintherightdirection.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,insectsinfluencebirdmigrationinwhichofthefollowingways?

2.AccordingtoParagraph3,birdscandetectthemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPolesbecause（

）.

3.TheauthordiscusseshomingpigeonsinParagraph4inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretheoriesabouthowbirdsnavigateexcept:

5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormentionsallofthefollowingaboutelectronsexcept:

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Insectsgenerateamagneticfieldthatbirdscandetect.

B.Insectsprovideafoodsupplythatexistsonlyinwarmclimates.

C.Birdsfollowthepathstakenbyflyinginsects.

D.Birdsknowwhentomigratebyasuddenincreaseininsectpopulation.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theysensethemotionofelectronpairs

B.theycanlocatethepolesbyfollowinglandmarks

C.theyingestmetalparticlesthatareattractedbythepoles

D.theyhavemagnetiteintheirbrains

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofhowhumanscantrainbirds

B.describeanexperimentshowingtheimportanceofmagnetite

C.showthathomingpigeonsreturnhomebyfollowinglandmarks

D.reporthomingpigeons,behaviorinsideacage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfollowlandmarkslikeriversandmountains.

B.Theyareguidedbytheirpositionrelativetothestars.

C.Theyfeelvibrationsinnerveendingsintheirbrains.

D.Theyrespondtochangesinlight.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Changesinlightcauseelectronpairstochangethedirectionoftheirspin.

B.Magnetitecontainselectronsthatrepeleachother.

C.Electronsthatspininoppositedirectionsneutralizeeachother.

D.Thenucleusofanatomisorbitedbyelectronpairs.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句提到鳥類遷徙的主要原因是為了獲取食物和躲避不利的氣候，并舉了昆蟲的例子來說明食物對(duì)鳥類的遷徙有重大作用。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第三段最后一句提到鳥類的大腦里有磁體，所以它們可以感應(yīng)南極跟北極的磁極磁場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第四段第一句提到了關(guān)于信鴿的實(shí)驗(yàn)，主要說明了磁性在遷徙過程中起到了重要的作用。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.文章第二段第一句somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges，排除選項(xiàng)A；第二段第四句otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebystars,排除選項(xiàng)B；第六段第一句thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight,排除D選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)C符