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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-佳木斯職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Auction(拍賣)arepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heaskedthecrowdtogatherintheauctionroomtobidforvariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhighestfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoodsforthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauctionandtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatin“antic”,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,thesemileswerecalled“subhanta”,meaning“underthespear’’,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacarvedtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle’’,ashoecandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.

Practicallyallgoodscanbesoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,skins,wool,tea,cobra,fir,mat,vegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,oldbooks,oldchinaandworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobetoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbythebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivesfulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleddrafter,asgenerallyas.Theauctioneerneednotbeginwithlotoneandcontinuethenumericalorder,hesafelywaituntilhethefactthatcertainbuyersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestingin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebidding.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold(

).

2.Theendofbiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because(

).

3.Inthesentence“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,59theword“spoils”mostprobablymeans(

).

4.InEnglandacandleusedtoburnatauctionsales(

).

5.Anauctioncataloguegivesbuyers(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthehighestpriceoffered

B.atfixedprices

C.atpriceslowerthantheirtruevalue

D.atpricesofferedbytheauctioneer

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theauctioneerknocksonthetable

B.theauctioneernamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods

C.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

D.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.uselessgoods

B.spears

C.variouskindsoffood

D.propertytakenfromtheenemy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheauctionsalestookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctionroomwarm

D.tolimittimewhenoffersofpricescouldbemade

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecurrentmarketvaluesofthegoods

B.detailsofthegoodstobesold

C.tileorderinwhichgoodsaretobesold

D.freeadmissiontotheauctionsale

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到出價(jià)最高的人成為商品的買家(Heencouragesbuyerstobidhighestfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods),所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句話提到當(dāng)拍賣商在一塊高出來的臺(tái)面上敲擊小錘時(shí),競(jìng)價(jià)也就結(jié)束了(Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoodsforthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform),選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.題干中的單詞spoil有“戰(zhàn)利品”的意思,除此之外,從“從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中得到的”takenfromwar可以推測(cè)這個(gè)詞的意思是“戰(zhàn)利品”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第二段指出,18世紀(jì)、19世紀(jì)的英國(guó),拍賣時(shí)會(huì)點(diǎn)燃一根短蠟燭,而“當(dāng)蠟燭在燃燒時(shí),人們可以競(jìng)價(jià)”(InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle’’,ashoecandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning),由此可知,蠟燭被用來記拍賣的時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章提到如果廣告沒有列出所有細(xì)節(jié),拍賣者就會(huì)印發(fā)商品目錄(Iftheadvertisementcannotgivesfulldetails,cataloguesareprinted)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonScienceandHumanity.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Yourpositiononthetopic;

2.Positivesideoftheissue;

3.Negativesideoftheissue;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】ScienceandHumanity

Scienceisanindispensableelementtoanyexistingsociety.Sciencecanpromotetheprogressofoursociety.Scienceenablespeopletogetridofstupidity,superstitionandignorance.Sciencemeansprobingintotheregularityofthings,i.e.seekingtruth.Sciencecanrenderpeoplemorerationalintheprocessofsolvingcertaindifficultproblems.Wecanhardlysurviveinthisworldwithoutthepotentsupportofscience.Butscienceitselfcannotsolveproblemsrelatedtohumanityautomatically.

Humanityisasimportantasscience.Humanitysteersthecourseofscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.Humanitycanalsopromotethehealthydevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Humanitymeanspursuinggoodness.Humanityisconducivetotheharmonyandstabilityofoursociety.Withoutscience,humanityisanemptytalk.

Scienceandhumanityhavedifferentconnotationsbutthereisanintrinsicconnectionbetweenthem.Theyarethetwoindispensableelementsofasociety’sdevelopmentandprogress.Theycomplementratherthanrepeleachother.Asocietythatoveremphasizessciencebutignoreshumanityisnotperfect.Onethatoveremphasizeshumanitybutoverlooksscienceisnotperfect,either.

Basedontheabovediscussion,itcanbeconcludedthatsciencehasitslimitationsandsodoeshumanity.SoIstronglysuggestthatpeopleharnesshumanityasaguidelinewhiledevelopingsciencebecausehumanitycandirectthedevelopmentofsciencecorrectly.Ofcourse,nevershouldpeoplebelittlesciencebecausescienceisthebasisonwhichpeoplecansurviveintheworld.

3.填空題

Thisafternoonwe’remeetingwith(1)E.U.environmentalofficialandsomeAustralianspecialiststotalkabouthowto(2)groundwaterpollutionintheTianjinarea.

【答案】1.an

2.prevent

【解析】1.語(yǔ)法題??疾椴欢ü谠~。第一個(gè)空格后的“official官員”為單數(shù)知第一個(gè)空格應(yīng)填一個(gè)不定冠詞a或an,再由EU的發(fā)音“[,i:'ju:]"中第一個(gè)字母為元音發(fā)音知第一個(gè)空應(yīng)填“an”。

2.語(yǔ)義題。句意:探討天津地區(qū)地下水污染防治對(duì)策

4.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat(

)attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.,意為“對(duì)某事生氣”。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI(

)youradvice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.follow

B.hadfollowed

C.wouldfollow

D.havefollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與過去事實(shí)相反,從句的動(dòng)詞形式是had+過去分詞。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Theinformationonhowtoapplyforthemortgageloansis______inthebank.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.accessible

C.attainable

D.ascertainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)available“可獲得的,可購(gòu)得的”,B項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的,可進(jìn)入的”,C項(xiàng)attainable“可得到的,可達(dá)到的”,D項(xiàng)ascertainable“可查明的,可確定的”。根據(jù)句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)information“信息”,把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入,只有available符合語(yǔ)境。句意:有關(guān)如何申請(qǐng)按揭貸款的資料可以在銀行里找到。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Consumersvisualizetheiractivitiesindifferentweather.

B.Goodweathertriggersconsumers’desiretogoshopping.

C.Weatherconditionsinfluenceconsumers’buyingbehavior.

D.Consumers’mentalstateschangewiththepricesofgoods.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Directcorrelation.

B.Mentalvisualization.

C.Individualassociation.

D.Activeconsumption.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Helpingthemadvertiseagreatervarietyofproducts.

B.Enablingthemtoselltheirproductsatahigherprice.

C.Enablingthemtosimplifytheirmathematicalformulas.

D.Helpingthemdeterminewhattosellandatwhatprice.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】PassageOne

Weatherisaconstantforceinourlives,butthere’slittlemarketingresearchonhowitaffectsbusinesses.[9]Now,anewstudyrevealshowsunnyandsnowyconditionsinfluenceconsumerbehavior.[10]Thoseweatherconditionstriggerconsumerstomentallyvisualizeusingproductsassociatedwiththerespectiveweather.Thisleadstoconsumersplacingahighervalueonthoseproducts,thatis,they’rewillingtopaymoremoneyforthem.Butthecorrelationisonlyfoundwithproductsrelatedtobeingoutside.Howdoesthiswork?Researchersgivetheexampleofabeachtowel.Onasunnyday,consumerswhoseethatproductarenotjustlookingatthetowelitself.Theyarelikelyimaginingthemselveslyingonthetowelinthesun.[10]Thismentalpictureofusingthetowelincreasesthevalueoftheproductintheconsumers’mind.Researchersputforwardthefollowinghypothesistoexplaintheirfindings.Theythinkthementalpictureworksinsunshineandsnowbecausetheseweatherconditionshaveapositiveassociationwithoutsideactivities.Theeffectisnotseenwithrainyweather.Researchersassertthisisbecausetherearen’tmanyactivitiesthatareenabledbyrain.Mostproductsassociatedwithrainlikeumbrellasareonlyusedforprotectionfromtheweatherandnotforanyactivities.Researchersbelievethatcompaniesthatsellawidearrayofproductsonlinecanbenefitmostfromtheinsightsthisstudyprovides.[11]Onlinesellersoftenusecomplexmathematicalformulastodeterminewhatproductstofeatureandhowtopricetheseproducts.Incorporatingmoredataaboutweatherwouldallowthemtomakebetterdecisions.Thiscouldbolstersales.

9.Whatdowelearnaboutthefindingsofthenewstudy?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于這項(xiàng)新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn),我們可以知道什么?錄音開始不久便提到,一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示了晴雪天氣對(duì)消費(fèi)者行為的影響,C選項(xiàng)“天氣條件影響消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)買行為”與錄音原文表述相符,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者想象他們?cè)诓煌鞖庀碌幕顒?dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者的心理狀態(tài)隨著商品價(jià)格的變化而變化”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。B選項(xiàng)“好的天氣引發(fā)消費(fèi)者購(gòu)物的欲望”,錄音中只是表明晴雪天氣會(huì)觸發(fā)消費(fèi)者將這些天氣與產(chǎn)品的使用聯(lián)想在一起,而這樣的聯(lián)想會(huì)增加產(chǎn)品在消費(fèi)者心目中的價(jià)值,也就是說,他們?cè)敢鉃檫@些產(chǎn)品支付更多的錢。這表明他們?cè)敢饣ǜ叩膬r(jià)格來購(gòu)買東西,并不是說好天氣引發(fā)購(gòu)物欲,因此B選項(xiàng)不正確。

10.Whatdoesthepassagesaymayincreasethevalueofproductsforconsumers?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問對(duì)消費(fèi)者來說,什么可以增加產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值。錄音中提及晴雪天氣會(huì)促使消費(fèi)者想象與這些天氣相關(guān)的商品使用情景,從而增加商品在消費(fèi)者心目中的價(jià)值,并以沙灘毛巾為例具體說明。因此,B選項(xiàng)“大腦想象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“直接關(guān)聯(lián)”利用correlation作干擾,消費(fèi)者通過天氣聯(lián)想商品使用的場(chǎng)景,然后想象的畫面使得商品增值,這是間接的關(guān)聯(lián),因此A選項(xiàng)不正確;C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人關(guān)聯(lián)”,新研究揭示的是一般消費(fèi)者的普遍行為,并沒有針對(duì)個(gè)人進(jìn)行研究,因此不正確;D選項(xiàng)“主動(dòng)消費(fèi)”,錄音中并沒有表明消費(fèi)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng),因此D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

11.Howcanthefindingsofthenewstudybenefitonlinesellers,accordingtotheresearchers?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問研究人員認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以怎樣使網(wǎng)上賣家受益?錄音結(jié)尾處提及,研究人員認(rèn)為網(wǎng)上賣家在決定賣什么和定什么價(jià)格時(shí),如果能把更多的天氣信息納入考慮,會(huì)有助于做出更明智的決定,從而促進(jìn)銷售。因此,D選項(xiàng)“幫助他們決定賣什么和定什么價(jià)格”正確。A選項(xiàng)“幫助他們宣傳更多種類的產(chǎn)品”,錄音中并沒有提及“advertise(宣傳)”這一信息,因此不正確;B選項(xiàng)“使他們能以更高的價(jià)格銷售產(chǎn)品”,新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)跟某些天氣條件有正相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品可以在消費(fèi)者心中增值,從而使他們?cè)敢庵Ц陡嗟腻X,但并非所有商品都有這些效應(yīng),因此可排除B選項(xiàng);C選項(xiàng)“使他們能夠簡(jiǎn)化數(shù)學(xué)公式”利用mathematicalformulas設(shè)置干擾,錄音只提及網(wǎng)上賣家用復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)公式去幫助做銷售決策,新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助他們更好地做決策,但沒說簡(jiǎn)化數(shù)學(xué)公式,因此C選項(xiàng)也不正確。

8.單選題

______,theworseIseemtofeel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.WhenItakemoremedicine

B.ThemoremedicineItake

C.Takingmoreofthemedicine

D.Moremedicinetaken

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.WhenItakemoremedicine當(dāng)我吃更多的藥B.ThemoremedicineItake我吃的藥越多

C.Takingmoreofthemedicine吃更多的藥D.Moremedicinetaken更多的藥被吃

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】固定句式。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后面的theworse(更糟)可知,the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)表示“越……,越……”。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C項(xiàng)填入空格中,后面句子應(yīng)該用正常語(yǔ)序;

D項(xiàng)缺少主語(yǔ),且動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)和后面句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。

【句意】我吃的藥越多,感覺越糟。

9.單選題

Theprotestwentaheaddespitegovernmentassurancesthattheywouldpressfor(

)withtheneighboringcountryintheissuingofvisas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reciprocity

B.show-off

C.payoff

D.intimacy

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。reciprocity“相互作用;互惠主義”;show-off“愛炫耀的人”;payoff“付清”;intimacy“性行為;親密”。句意:盡管政府保證將壓制與鄰國(guó)的互惠簽證頒發(fā),但是抗議仍然在繼續(xù)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使緩解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto(

).

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat

).

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B.theirimproperwayofdriving

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪種情況最危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)原文前兩段可知,青少年駕車載著超過3名乘客出行發(fā)生致命事故的概率是那些獨(dú)自開車青少年的3倍,而青少年司機(jī)的死亡率在晚上10點(diǎn),特別是午夜之后急劇上升。因此,B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“成年人在晚上10點(diǎn)鐘后搭載青少年”與C選項(xiàng)“成年人在晚上很晚時(shí)搭載3名以上青少年乘客”均不正確。D選項(xiàng)“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的車”在原文沒有提及,可排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問RobertFoss認(rèn)為青少年死亡率高的原因。根據(jù)題干定位至原文第三段第一句可知,青少年司機(jī)的死亡率高與其真正愚蠢的行為關(guān)系不大,而是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈︸{駛經(jīng)驗(yàn),故本題正確答案為C。A選項(xiàng)“頻繁在晚上駕駛”:B選項(xiàng)“他們不恰當(dāng)?shù)鸟{駛方式”;D選項(xiàng)“他們載乘客駕駛”均與原文不符,故排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“青少年應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)駕駛”在原文并未提及,可排除;B選項(xiàng)“駕駛對(duì)青少年來說太復(fù)雜了所以學(xué)不會(huì)”,屬于無中生有,可排除;C選項(xiàng)“青少年申請(qǐng)參加駕駛課程應(yīng)當(dāng)有一些限制”由第三段內(nèi)容不能得出,可排除。根據(jù)原文第三段最后一句可知,根本問題是,負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放駕照的成年人沒有意識(shí)到駕駛是一項(xiàng)多么復(fù)雜和需要熟練度的任務(wù)。也就是說駕照發(fā)行機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該對(duì)此事負(fù)有一定的責(zé)任。因此,只有D項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容相符,故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems可知,緩解青少年駕駛事故的方法是建立所謂的駕照分級(jí)許可制度,因此D選項(xiàng)“改善駕照許可制度”正確。A選項(xiàng)為“規(guī)定青少年要在成人陪同下駕駛”;B選項(xiàng)為“應(yīng)該不準(zhǔn)他們載客”:C選項(xiàng)為“應(yīng)該禁止他們晚上10點(diǎn)后開車”。A、B、C三項(xiàng)均不符合題意,因此本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段第二句Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesoilofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers可知,美國(guó)現(xiàn)在大約有一半的州已經(jīng)有了分級(jí)許可制度,但只有10個(gè)州對(duì)乘客有限制。說明這種制度已經(jīng)建立了,只是還不夠完善。A選項(xiàng)“在討論中”、B選項(xiàng)“即將建立”和C選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)被實(shí)施”都不符合,因此本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch()tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regime

B.prestige

C.superiority

D.legislature

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)regime“政權(quán);政體;社會(huì)制度;管理體制”;B選項(xiàng)prestige“威望;聲望;聲譽(yù)”;C選項(xiàng)superiority“優(yōu)越;優(yōu)勢(shì)”;D選項(xiàng)legislature“立法機(jī)關(guān);立法機(jī)構(gòu)”。句意:在一個(gè)給予那些有進(jìn)取心且相當(dāng)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的人很多聲譽(yù)的社會(huì)里,大衛(wèi)傾向于認(rèn)為自己無用且不被該社會(huì)所需要。根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

“DoyoumindifEdwardridesinyourcar?”

“Yes,Ido.I’llbegladtotake(

)Edward.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.somebodyelsethan

B.anybodybut

C.someotherpersonbut

D.anyoneelsethan

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。題目是一個(gè)情景對(duì)話,所以需要關(guān)注上下文,上文提問說‘你介意愛德華乘坐你的車嗎?’,下文回答‘是的,介意。’根據(jù)這里我們可以推知后一句應(yīng)該是‘除了愛德華,其他人我都不介意?!痑nyonebutsb.為固定用法,表示“除了某人之外的所有人”,所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore()tolightthanarehumaneyes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glowing

B.brilliant

C.sensitive

D.gloomy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管貓?jiān)谕耆诎档沫h(huán)境中看不到任何東西,但是相比人類的眼睛,它們的眼晴對(duì)光卻更加敏感。

考查形容詞辨析。glowing熱烈贊揚(yáng)的,熱情洋溢的;brilliant閃耀的,杰出的,精彩的;sensitive體貼的,體恤的,善解人意的,感覺敏銳的;gloomy黑暗的,沮喪的,陰郁的。由轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比提示詞Although(盡管)可知C符合句意。

14.單選題

ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecules.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetochangethecharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices.Forexample,themoderndairycowistheresultofcenturiesofcarefullybreedingindividualanimalsthatcarriedthegenetictraitforhighmilkproduction.However,newtechnologymakesitpossible.ForscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthusobtainmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicingbecauseitinvolvesdisassemblingtheDNAmoleculeandthenrecombiningorsplicingthepiecesaccordingtoanewpattern.Thegene-splicedDNAmoleculemayhaveageneticcodethathasneverexistedbefore.

AlthoughrecombinantDNAtechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,ithasalreadydemonstrateditsvalue.Newcropbreedsproducedbythisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulin(胰島素)andinterferon(干擾素)cheaply.Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdrugstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.However,therecombinantDNAtechnologybringswithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoral,political,andsocialissues.Geneticengineeringillustratesdramaticallythepromisesanddangersoftechnologicaldevelopment.Thedecisionsoursocietymakesaboutgeneticengineeringwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome.

11.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_____.

12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutrecombinantDNAtechnology?

13.Theword“alleviate”(Para.2)isnearestinmeaningto_____.

14.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.

15.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgenetictechnologiesis_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBasicFunctionofGeneticEngineering

B.NewApplicationsofGeneticEngineering

C.RecombinantDNATechnology,ANewProcessinGeneticEngineering

D.ThePromises&DangersofTechnologicalDevelopment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbringaboutrapidandradicalgeneticchangesinlifeforms.

B.ItcanbeusedtorestructureDNAmoleculestoproducenewdesiredplantandanimalbreeds.

C.Itmayincreasetheriskofproducingsomeunexpecteddiseases.

D.Itprovesaneffectivewaytocurecancerandotherincurablediseases.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.relieve

B.avoid

C.eliminate

D.terminate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therewillinevitablybeaheateddebateoverthegeneralapplicationoftherecombinantDNAtechnology

B.theuseoftherecombinantDNAtechnologyonhumanbeingswillbeforbidden

C.therecombinantDNAtechnologycanbetracedbacktohundredsofyearsago

D.seriousdilemmasmaybegeneratedwhenitisusedtomodifyhumangeneticcode

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiastic

B.indifferent

C.critical

D.objective

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】11.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu),文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu),第一段的中心句倒數(shù)第二句ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicing…“這種新進(jìn)展通常被稱為重組DNA技術(shù)或基因剪接”,由此可知,這里提到基因重組技術(shù)是科技發(fā)展的一種新進(jìn)展。第二段主要講的是這種新技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和潛在的問題,由此可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“重組DNA技術(shù),基因工程的新進(jìn)展”。

A選項(xiàng)“基因工程的基本功能”,這是文章第一段的主要內(nèi)容,這里屬于以偏概全。

B選項(xiàng)“基因工程的新應(yīng)用”,文章沒有提到基因工程拓展到了哪些領(lǐng)域,這里屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)發(fā)展的前景和危險(xiǎn)”,這是文章第二段的主要內(nèi)容,這里屬于以偏概全。

12.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

A選項(xiàng)“它能給生命形式帶來迅速而徹底的基因變化”,定位到第一段第七句話However,newtechnologymakesitpossible.ForscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthusobtainmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast“然而,新技術(shù)使之成為可能。使科學(xué)家能夠重組DNA分子本身,從而獲得比過去更快速、更徹底的基因變化”,從這里可知A選項(xiàng)正確,所以不選。

B選項(xiàng)“它可以用來重組DNA分子,以產(chǎn)生新的所需的植物和動(dòng)物品種”,定位到第一段第四句Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.(通過這個(gè)過程,科學(xué)家們真的可以建造新的生命形式來執(zhí)行所需的功能),從這里可知B選項(xiàng)正確,所以不選。

C選項(xiàng)“它可能會(huì)增加產(chǎn)生一些意想不到的疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,定位到第二段倒數(shù)第四句話Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.“基因剪接可能產(chǎn)生新的致病微生物,對(duì)我們或我們所依賴的動(dòng)植物都是致命的”,從這里可知C選項(xiàng)正確,所以不選。

D選項(xiàng)“它被證明是治療癌癥和其他不治之癥的有效方法”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有,所以答案選D選項(xiàng)。

13.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞匯推斷題:第一步,句中前后信息銜接,定位到第二段第三句Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.“轉(zhuǎn)基因作物能夠抵抗害蟲、疾病和干旱,這對(duì)()世界各地的饑餓具有重要意義”,作物抗蟲抗病抗旱會(huì)使產(chǎn)量增加,從而對(duì)世界饑餓起到緩解作用,所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“緩解,減輕”。

B選項(xiàng)“避免”,應(yīng)該是人想辦法避免饑餓主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人,但是句子的主語(yǔ)是轉(zhuǎn)基因作物,這里屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“消滅”,消滅饑餓太過于絕對(duì),饑餓問題不只是糧食產(chǎn)量造成的,戰(zhàn)亂或者貧窮都會(huì)造成饑餓,所以不能選C選項(xiàng),這里屬于曲解原文。

D選項(xiàng)“終止”,D選項(xiàng)與C選項(xiàng)同義,根據(jù)C選項(xiàng),D選項(xiàng)也不能選,這里屬于曲解原文。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句話Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoral,political,andsocialissues.(改變?nèi)祟惢蚪Y(jié)構(gòu)的可能性引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的道德、政治和社會(huì)問題),第二步聯(lián)系上下文,上文講的是基因重組的好處。好處和壞處一起作用,自然會(huì)造成一種困境,所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)它被用來修改人類遺傳密碼時(shí),可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的困境”。

A選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于重組DNA技術(shù)的普遍應(yīng)用,必然會(huì)有激烈的爭(zhēng)論”,文章沒有提到重組DNA技術(shù)的普遍應(yīng)用,這里屬于無中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“在人類身上使用重組DNA技術(shù)將被禁止”,文章只是說用在人類身上會(huì)產(chǎn)生各種意想不到的社會(huì)倫理問題,但是沒有說問題嚴(yán)重到會(huì)因此而禁止使用,這里屬于過度推理。

C選修“重組DNA技術(shù)可以追溯到幾百年前”,定位到第一段第五句話和第七句話Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices…However,newtechnologymakesitpossible.“數(shù)百年來,人類通過選擇性育種實(shí)踐,設(shè)計(jì)了糧食作物和馴養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的發(fā)展……然而,新技術(shù)使之成為可能”,數(shù)百年前人類是通過選擇性育種的方式來達(dá)到自己想要的農(nóng)作物,但是新技術(shù)(重組DNA技術(shù))的產(chǎn)生讓這個(gè)目的的達(dá)成變得更快了,所以不是數(shù)百年前就有了DNA重組技術(shù),而是DNA重組技術(shù)替代了數(shù)百年前使用的方法,這是屬于張冠李戴。

15.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章最后一二句話“Geneticengineeringillustratesdramaticallythepromisesanddangersoftechnologicaldevelopment.Thedecisionsoursocietymakesaboutgeneticengineeringwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequenceinyearstocome”(基因工程戲劇性地說明了技術(shù)發(fā)展的前景和危險(xiǎn)。我們的社會(huì)對(duì)基因工程所做的決定無疑將在未來幾年產(chǎn)生巨大的影響),第二步,概括理解,作者在這里指出基因編輯有利有弊,然后指出我們做出的任何決定都會(huì)有很大的影響,這里的口吻是比較客觀的,所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“客觀的”。

A選項(xiàng)“熱情”,見正確選項(xiàng)解析,這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”,見正確選項(xiàng)解析,這里屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“批判的”,見正確選項(xiàng)解析,這里屬于反向干擾。

15.單選題

Thedamageofhiscarwas();therefore,hecouldrepairithimself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciable

B.negligible

C.considerable

D.invisible

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他的車損壞是

;因此,他自己能夠修好。

appreciable可感知的,可預(yù)見的;negligible可忽略的,微不足道的;considerable相當(dāng)大的;invisible看不見的,無形的。根據(jù)后半句“他能自己修好”推測(cè)說明車子損壞不嚴(yán)重,故B項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Whenthecommittee(

)todetails,theproposedplanseemedimpractical.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gotdown

B.setabout

C.wentoff

D.cameup

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組getdowndosth./doingsth.“開始認(rèn)真注意(或?qū)Υ┠呈隆?。句意:?dāng)委員會(huì)著手討論所提出的計(jì)劃的細(xì)節(jié)時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)該計(jì)劃似乎并不實(shí)際。結(jié)合句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Englishisanimportantforeignlanguagetomasterbecauseitprovidesready()toworldscholarshipandworldtrade.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excess

B.approach

C.solution

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】句意:英語(yǔ)是一門非常重要的需要掌握的外語(yǔ),因?yàn)樗峭ㄏ蛑R(shí)世界和商業(yè)世界的()。

A選項(xiàng)excess超過;B選項(xiàng)approach接近;C選項(xiàng)solution解決;D選項(xiàng)access入口,進(jìn)入。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

18.單選題

Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.privileges

B.possibilities

C.possessions

D.preferences

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。privilege“特權(quán)”;possibility“可能性”;possession“擁有,財(cái)產(chǎn)”;preference“偏愛,優(yōu)先權(quán)”。句意:調(diào)查結(jié)果描繪了一幅關(guān)于顧客購(gòu)物習(xí)慣的獨(dú)特畫面,以及他們的動(dòng)機(jī)和偏好。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.翻譯題

GlobalwarmingcouldtransformlargepartsofAfrica:shiftingrains,spreadingmalariaandotherinsectbornediseases,evenchangingthesizeoftheSaharaDesert.

Yet,thebulkoftheworld'sclimateforecastinghasbeenconcentratedonthoseregionsthathostthesupercomputersthatcandoit:theU.S.,Europeandtherestofthedevelopedworld.

That’ssettochange.Meetingforjustthethirdtimesince1979,theWorldClimateConferenceestablishedaframeworklastweekforextendingscience-basedclimatepredictionstoall.Thinktheweatherforecast,onlylarger.

Thisconferenceisfamousfor,amongotherthings,creatingtheInternationalPanelonClimateChange,whosereportshavewarnedtheworldofacceleratingclimatechange.Thegoalofthisnewframeworkistobetterenableallcountriestoadapttothatfutureclimate.Tothatend,itcallsforexpandedobservationsoftheglobalclimate,publicaccesstoclimatedata,moreclimatepredictionresearchandanewClimateServicesInformationSystem.Thiswillprovidelocalgovernmentswithexpectedchangestowaterresources,agriculture,fisheries,forests,evenhealth.

Ofcourse,climatepredictionswillalsoguideadaptationtoawarmerglobe,andevenpotentiallyprovideearlywarningsfornaturaldisasters.Buttheywon'tbeperfect.AsRobertHeinleinsaid,climateiswhatyouexpect,weatheriswhatyouget.

【答案】【參考譯文】

全球變暖可能會(huì)改變非洲的大部分地區(qū):使雨帶轉(zhuǎn)移,傳播瘧疾和其他昆蟲傳播疾病,甚至改變?nèi)龉衬拇笮 ?/p>

然而,世界上大部分能對(duì)氣候進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)的地區(qū)都集中在擁有超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)的地區(qū):美國(guó)、歐洲和其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。

這種情況肯定是要改變的。自從1979年以來,世界氣候會(huì)議才召開了三次,為了讓科學(xué)的氣候預(yù)報(bào)擴(kuò)展到所有的國(guó)家,世界氣候會(huì)議上周為此確立了一個(gè)框架協(xié)議。以后想到天氣預(yù)報(bào),其預(yù)報(bào)范圍可能要大一些了。

這次會(huì)議出名是因?yàn)槌闪⒘藝?guó)際氣候變化委員會(huì),這個(gè)委員會(huì)對(duì)全球氣候加速提出了警告。這個(gè)新框架的目標(biāo)是使所有國(guó)家更好地適應(yīng)未來的氣候。為此,它呼吁擴(kuò)大對(duì)全球氣候的觀測(cè),讓公眾獲得氣候數(shù)據(jù),開展更多的氣候預(yù)測(cè)研究,并建立一個(gè)新的氣候服務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)。這將為地方政府提供水資源、農(nóng)業(yè)、漁業(yè)、林業(yè)、甚至健康的預(yù)期變化。

當(dāng)然,氣候預(yù)測(cè)也將指導(dǎo)如何人們適應(yīng)全球變暖,甚至可能為自然災(zāi)害提供早期預(yù)警。但這不會(huì)是完美的。正如羅伯特?海因萊因(RobertHeinlein)所說,你預(yù)測(cè)的是氣候,而你經(jīng)歷的是天氣。

20.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cereal

B.serial

C.series

D.serious

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。句意:我們正生活在一個(gè)很大的化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一些嚴(yán)重的后果正變得越來越明顯。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

21.單選題

Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach(),orrevolution,aroundthesun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tour

B.travel

C.visit

D.trip

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tour“旅行,旅游”,B項(xiàng)travel“長(zhǎng)途旅行”,C項(xiàng)visit“訪問,逗留”,D項(xiàng)trip“(尤指短程往返的)旅行,(賽跑等)賽程”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞earth(地球)和aroundthesun(圍繞太陽(yáng))可推測(cè),空格處表示“旅程”,而根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能夠與make搭配的只有trip。句意:地球每繞太陽(yáng)一周需要一年的時(shí)間。因此,該題D項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthe

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