考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京培黎職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京培黎職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)找到了一條適合自己國(guó)情的促進(jìn)和發(fā)展人權(quán)的道路。中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久、人口眾多、資源和財(cái)富相對(duì)短缺的東方發(fā)展中國(guó)家。在這樣一個(gè)國(guó)家促進(jìn)人權(quán)，既不能照搬西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的人權(quán)發(fā)展模式，也不能因襲其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家的做法，只能從中國(guó)的國(guó)情出發(fā)，探索具有自身特點(diǎn)的發(fā)展道路。改革開(kāi)放以后，中國(guó)在總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上，找到了一條真正符合中國(guó)國(guó)情的促進(jìn)人權(quán)發(fā)展的道路。這就是：將生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)放在首位，在改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的條件下，全面推進(jìn)人權(quán)。這條道路的特點(diǎn)是：在發(fā)展人權(quán)的基本方向上，堅(jiān)持發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力和共同富裕的原則，立足于改善全國(guó)人民的生活和促進(jìn)全國(guó)人民人權(quán)的發(fā)展。在促進(jìn)人權(quán)的輕重緩急上，強(qiáng)調(diào)生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)的首要地位，同時(shí)兼顧公民的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化權(quán)利和個(gè)人、集體權(quán)利的全面發(fā)展；在促進(jìn)和保障人權(quán)的方式上，強(qiáng)調(diào)穩(wěn)定是前提，發(fā)展是關(guān)鍵，改革是動(dòng)力，法制是保障。20多年來(lái)，由于中國(guó)堅(jiān)持了這條正確的發(fā)展道路，不僅使全國(guó)人民的生活狀況和精神風(fēng)貌大為改觀，而且形成了一整套比較完備的保障人民民主權(quán)利的政治制度和法律體系，從而使人權(quán)建設(shè)在制度化、法律化的軌道上取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)展，人權(quán)狀況呈現(xiàn)出不斷改善的良好態(tài)勢(shì)。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Sincetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahasfoundaroadforthepromotionanddevelopmentofhumanrightsthatsuitsitsreality.ChinaisanOrientaldevelopingcountrywithalonghistory,alargepopulationandrelativelyscarceresourcesandwealth.Topromotehumanrightsinsuchacountry,ChinamustneitherimitateindiscriminatelyWesterncountries’developmentmodeofhumanrightsnorfollowotherdevelopingcountries’methodsbutstartfromChina’sactualconditionsandexplorearoadwithitsowncharacteristics.Sincetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahas,onthebasisofsumminguphistoricalexperiencesanddrawinglessonsfromthem,foundawaytobuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andthereforehasfoundawaytopromoteanddevelophumanrightsthatisagreeabletoChina’sreality.Thismeansputtingtherighttosubsistenceanddevelopmentinthefirstplaceandpushingforwardhumanrightsinanall?roundwayundertheconditionsofreform,developmentandstability.Thefeaturesofthisroadaretoadheretotheprincipleofdevelopingproductiveforcesandpromotingcommonprosperity,basedonimprovingthelifeofpeoplealloverChinaandpromotingthedevelopmentofhumanrightsofalltheChinesepeopleintermsofthebasicorientationofdevelopinghumanrights.Asfortheorderofimportanceandurgencyofdevelopinghumanrights,therighttosubsistenceanddevelopmentshouldbeputinthefirstplaceandinthemeantime,considerationshouldbegiventodevelopinginanall-roundwaycitizens’political,economic,socialandculturalrightsaswellasindividualandcollectiverights.Asforthewayofpromotingandguaranteeinghumanrights,itshouldbeemphasizedthatstabilityistheprerequisite;developmentisthecrux;reformisthedrivingforce;andgovernmentaccordingtolawistheguarantee.Overthepasttwodecades,China’sadherencetothiscorrectroadtodevelopmenthasledtonotonlytheimprovementofChinesepeople’slivingconditionsandtheirmoralebutalsotheformationofawholesetofrelativelycompletepoliticalandlegalsystemsensuringpeople’sdemocraticrights.Thus,greatprogresshasbeenmadeinputtinghumanrightsintoalegalandinstitutionalframework,andChina’shumanrightsdevelopmenthasbeenimprovingincessantly.

2.單選題

Themayor（

）hisspeechtosuitthecrowdofhomelesspeoplegatheredinhisoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intoned

B.expanded

C.tailored

D.shortened

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。intone“吟誦，吟詠”；expand“擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展”；tailor“剪裁;使合適”；shorten“縮短，變短”。根據(jù)句意‘為了迎合聚集于自己辦公室的無(wú)家可歸的人，市長(zhǎng)（

）自己的演說(shuō)?！_定C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Whenthejurybroughtina（）ofguilt,thedefendantwhowasoverwhelminglyarrogantseveralminutesagodroopedhishead.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.judgment

B.appraisal

C.verdict

D.conviction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:judgment“判斷”；B:appraisal“評(píng)價(jià)”；C:verdict“結(jié)論，裁定”；D:conviction“頂嘴，證明有罪”。句意：陪審團(tuán)拿著判罪裁決書進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，幾分鐘之前還相當(dāng)自大的被告低下了他的頭。結(jié)合句意，選C。

4.單選題

BillieHoliday’sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherability（

）emotionaldepthtohersongs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.begiving

B.aregiven

C.togive

D.beinggiven

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。haveabilitytodosth有能力做某事。句意：比利霍樂(lè)迪，作為一位偉大的爵士布魯斯歌手，她的盛名在于能將感情融入到歌曲中。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Speakersandlistenersareoftenatodds:languagethatiseasyforthereceivertounderstandisoftendifficulttoproduce,andthatwhichiseasilyformulatedcanbehardto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comprehend

B.ignore

C.confirm

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。comprehend理解，包含；ignore忽視，不理睬confirm確認(rèn)，確定；defend辯護(hù)。由前半句可知說(shuō)話者與接受者之間存在矛盾，故后面可推知這兩者之間還存在另一種矛盾，即容易表達(dá)的話卻難以理解。故A項(xiàng)正確。句意：說(shuō)話者和傾聽(tīng)者常常意見(jiàn)不一致:容易讓接受者理解的語(yǔ)言往往很難產(chǎn)生，而容易表達(dá)的語(yǔ)言卻很難理解。

6.單選題

I.(LegalHistory)

Theelementsofverticalpluralismweresupplementedwithstructuresofhorizontalpluralismthroughtheiradherencetotheideaofaiuscommune(普通法).TheLombardlibrifeudorum(atwelfthcenturycollection,originatinginLombardy,offeudalcustoms,whichgainedwideacceptanceasastatementofthevariousrulesgoverningtherelationoflordandvassal.),themainsourceoffeudallaw,hadearlyonbecomeapartoftheCorpusiuriscivilis(民法);andwhileCanonlawmaximswereappliedalsointhecontextoftheRomaniuscommune,CanonlawincludedsubstantialelementsofRomanlaw.Here,thegeneralprinciplewas:ecclesiavivitlegRomana(教會(huì)的羅馬法).Similarly,thelexmercatoria(商人法)wasnotafullyindependentbodyoftransnationalcommerciallaw,butratherconsistedofmany,mostlylocal,normsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice.Normally,thedecisionsofthemerchants’courtswerebasedontheiuscommune,whichwasindeedregardedasthe“materlegismercatoriae”（商人法之母）.TheRomanruleswereonlymodifiedinaccordancewiththeneedsofcommerceonthebasis,forexample,oftheideaofanaequitasmercatoria(商人的正義).Altogether,thiswasacomplexsystemwithrulesbothconflictingwithandcomplementingeachother.Forinstance,therelationshipbetweenCanonlawandtheseculariuscivile(世俗民法)wasneverwithouttensions.Indeed,theideaofaiuscoinmunewasinitselfapluralone:theiuscommunewasbasedonarangeofdifferentlegalsourcesanditintegratedtwoindependentlegalsystems,namelythemundaneRomanlawontheonehandandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurchontheotherhand.Foramedievaljurist,theDecretumGratiani(acollectionofCanonlawcompiledandwritteninthe12thcenturyasalegaltextbookbythejuristknownasGratian)andlatercollectionsofPapallegislationwereasimportantsourcesoftheiuscommuneastheromanCorpusiuriscivilis.Inaddition,thesetextswerecomplementedwiththeEmperor’slegislation(atleastwithintheconfinesoftheOldEmpire),withtheauthoritativeGlosses(commentaries)tothecorporaiurisRomani(羅馬法)andCanonici(asitwaslatercalled),andlateralsowiththeprinciplesofNaturalLaw.

51.TheLombardlibrifeudorumis___.

52.Accordingtotheauthor,thelexmercatoria___.

53.Whichofthefollowingstatementisclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentence?

54.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedastheimportantsourceoftheiuscommuneintheparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acompilationoffeudalcustoms

B.thenameofaLordinthe12thcentury

C.thelaworiginatinginLombardy

D.a12thcenturycollection

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasasetoftransnationalcommerciallaw

B.wasfullyindependentofRomeLaw

C.werelocalnormsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice

D.modifiedRomanlaw

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Differentlegalsourcesformediuscommune.

B.IuscommuneintegratedCanonlawandRomeLaw.

C.IuscommuneisawordinpluralforminLatinlanguage.

D.MundaneRomanlawandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurcharetwoindependentsystems.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.PrinciplesofNaturalLaw

B.RomanCorpusiuriscivilis

C.TheauthoritativeGlossestothecorporaiurisRomani

D.Lexmercatoria

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文TheLombardlibrifeudorum(atwelfthcenturycollection,originatinginLombardy,offeudalcustoms,whichgainedwideacceptanceasastatementofthevariousrulesgoverningtherelationoflordandvassal.)（倫巴第librifeudorum（起源于倫巴第的一本十二世紀(jì)的封建習(xí)俗的藏書，作為統(tǒng)治領(lǐng)主和附庸關(guān)系的各種規(guī)則的陳述而被廣泛接受。））可知選D選項(xiàng)“12世紀(jì)的收藏”；A選項(xiàng)“封建風(fēng)俗的匯編”，B選項(xiàng)“12世紀(jì)一位勛爵的名字”以及C選項(xiàng)“法律起源于倫巴第”和原文不符合。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

52.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Similarly,thelexmercatoria(商人法)wasnotafullyindependentbodyoftransnationalcommerciallaw,butratherconsistedofmany,mostlylocal,normsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice.（同樣，商人法并不是一個(gè)完全獨(dú)立的跨國(guó)商業(yè)法律，而是由許多主要是當(dāng)?shù)氐囊?guī)范修改后的羅馬法在重要的商業(yè)實(shí)踐）可知選C選項(xiàng)“是修改羅馬法商業(yè)實(shí)踐事項(xiàng)的地方規(guī)范”；A選項(xiàng)“是一套跨國(guó)商法”，B選項(xiàng)“完全獨(dú)立于羅馬法”以及D選項(xiàng)“修正的羅馬法”不符合原文，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

53.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文劃線句子Indeed,theideaofaiuscoinmunewasinitselfapluralone:theiuscommunewasbasedonarangeofdifferentlegalsourcesanditintegratedtwoindependentlegalsystems,namelythemundaneRomanlawontheonehandandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurchontheotherhand.（事實(shí)上，普通法的概念本身就是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念：普通法基于一系列不同的法律淵源，它整合了兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的法律體系，一方面是世俗的羅馬法，另一方面是羅馬教會(huì)的教規(guī)法），表達(dá)了普通法結(jié)合了羅馬法和教規(guī)法，選B選項(xiàng)“普通法綜合了教會(huì)法和羅馬法”；A選項(xiàng)“不同的法律來(lái)源形成了普通法”并不是最佳選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“Iuscommune在拉丁語(yǔ)中是復(fù)數(shù)形式的單詞”以及D選項(xiàng)“世俗羅馬法和羅馬教會(huì)的教會(huì)法是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的體系”不符合原文表達(dá)的含義。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

54.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文末尾asimportantsourcesoftheiuscommuneastheromanCorpusiuriscivilis.Inaddition,thesetextswerecomplementedwiththeEmperor’slegislation(atleastwithintheconfinesoftheOldEmpire),withtheauthoritativeGlosses(commentaries)tothecorporaiurisRomani(羅馬法)andCanonici(asitwaslatercalled),andlateralsowiththeprinciplesofNaturalLaw.（與羅馬《公民法典》一樣，都是普通法的重要來(lái)源。此外，這些文本還補(bǔ)充了皇帝的立法（至少在舊帝國(guó)的范圍內(nèi)），并對(duì)羅馬法和后來(lái)被稱為Canonici進(jìn)行了權(quán)威性的注釋，后來(lái)修訂了自然法的原則）可知A選項(xiàng)“自然法原則”，B選項(xiàng)“羅馬《公民法典》”以及C選項(xiàng)“權(quán)威的羅馬法”在文章都有提及，D選項(xiàng)“商人法”不在此范圍內(nèi)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Thattradeprotectionhurtstheeconomyofthecountrythatimposesitisoneoftheoldestbutstillmoststartlinginsightseconomicshastooffer.Theideadatesbacktotheoriginofeconomicscienceitself.AdamSmith’sTheWealthofNations,whichgavebirthtoeconomics,alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade.Ininternationaleconomicsitisthedirectcounterparttotheideathatpeoplewithinanationaleconomywillbebetteroffiftheyspecializeatwhattheydobestinsteadoftryingtobeself-sufficient

Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenthecasesforfreetradeforoneselfandthecaseforfreetradeforall.Theformerisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveonenation’sownwelfare(the"national-efficiency”argument).Thelatterisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveeverytradingcountry'swelfare(the"cosmopolitan-efficiency"argument).

Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices,butgovernmentsmaydistortmarketpricesby,forexample,subsidizingproductionorgovernmentsmayprotectintellectualpropertyinadequately,causingunderproductionofnewknowledge.

Thecosmopolitan-efficiencycaseforfreetradeisrelevanttoquestionssuchasthedesignofinternationaltraderegimes.Thenational-efficiencycaseforfreetradeconcernsnationaltradepolicies;itis,infact,AdamSmith'scaseforfreetrade.Economiststypicallyhavethenational-efficiencycaseinmindwhentheytalkoftheadvantageoffreetradeandofthefollyofprotectionism.

ThetradepolicyoftheUnitedStatestodayispremisedonadifferentassessment:thatindeedU.S.marketscan,andshould,beclosedasameansofopeningnewmarketsabroad.Thispremiseunderliessections301through310ofthe1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.Theseprovisionspermit,andsometimesevenrequire,theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot.Butthose”tradeobligations"donotalwaysentailfreetrade.Theycan,forinstance,taketheformofvoluntaryquotasonexportsofcertaingoodstotheUnitedStates.Thus,theymaysimplyforceweaknationstoredirecttheirtradeinwaysthatstrongnationsdesire,cuttingawayattheprinciplethattradeshouldbeguidedbymarketprices.Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition.

1.Theauthormentionsthatit’strueofAdamSmiththathearguedthat（

）.

2.Thenational-efficiencyandthe“cosmopolitan-efficiency”argumentrestontheassumptionthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTtheargumentthat（

）.

4.Theauthorismostcriticalof（

）.

5.Thebeststatementtosummarizetheauthor'sargumentwouldbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.protectionismininternationaltradewasbad.

B.specializationwasgood,whichledotherstoadvocatefreetrade.

C.dueto“cosmopolitan-efficiency”freetradewasdesirable

D.freetrademustalsobefairtrade.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.freetradeallowsforselfsufficiency.

B.pricesarethesameineachtradingnation

C.marketproductioniscompletelyunregulatedbythegovernments.

D.pricesaren’tbeingaffectedbygovernments’policies.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theU.S.hasnotadheredtotheprincipleoffreetradeinpractice.

B.theU.S.oftenusesthethreatofpunishmentforitsownadvantage.

C.voluntaryquotasaredesirablealternativestoprotectionism.

D."Fairtrade”policiesareoftenjustdisguisedformsofprotectionism.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.the"nationalefficiency"argument.

B.the"cosmopolitanefficiency"argument.

C.thegovernmentoftheU.S.

D.the1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.freetradeisdesirablebutitstheoryisnotgenerallyaccepted.

B.UStradepolicygoesagainstthewisdomofeconomists.

C.protectionismisfollyforanumberofreasons.

D.theU.S.isbeingunfairinitsforeignpolicies.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出：...alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade(專營(yíng)某一類產(chǎn)品而不是所有的產(chǎn)品，每個(gè)國(guó)家都將會(huì)從自由貿(mào)易中獲利)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices(以上兩種是基于自由市場(chǎng)決定價(jià)格這一假設(shè))。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一句話：Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast

20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition(過(guò)去20年間，美國(guó)所謂的“公平貿(mào)易”機(jī)制已日益轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊绹?guó)實(shí)施不公平外貿(mào)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的保護(hù)工具。故可知A項(xiàng)(美國(guó)在實(shí)踐中沒(méi)有堅(jiān)持自由貿(mào)易原則)、D項(xiàng)(公平貿(mào)易政策往往只是偽裝成保護(hù)主義的形式)符合文章內(nèi)容，排除。第四段：...theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot...美國(guó)通過(guò)恐嚇式的關(guān)稅報(bào)復(fù)方式，迫使其他國(guó)家接受其新的貿(mào)易政策。由此可知，B項(xiàng)（美國(guó)經(jīng)常出于自身利益而使用懲罰威脅）符合文章內(nèi)容，排除。由此可以推斷C正確。

4.推斷題。文章指出:美國(guó)現(xiàn)行的貿(mào)易政策是以不同評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為前提,這一前提是依據(jù)1988年通過(guò)的《貿(mào)易和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力綜合法案》第301條至310條規(guī)定。這些規(guī)定使得美國(guó)可以通過(guò)恐嚇式的關(guān)稅報(bào)復(fù)方式，迫使其他國(guó)家接受其新的貿(mào)易政策。因此推測(cè)D項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。B項(xiàng)(美國(guó)的貿(mào)易政策違背了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))比較能概括全文主旨。

8.單選題

Writtenprimarilyforaspecializedbutdiversebodyofscholars,thisbook（

）theattentionofthoseinterestedinseventeenth-centuryEnglishliterature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.proposes

C.acclaims

D.distills

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。warrant“保證；擔(dān)?！?；propose“建議，打算”；acclaim“稱贊”；distill“提取”。句意：這本書主要是為一群專業(yè)且各路學(xué)者而寫，所以，它一定會(huì)引起那些對(duì)17世紀(jì)文學(xué)感興趣的人的注意。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which指代先行詞discovery，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，Ithink作插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)放在其前面，因此選A。句意：這位科學(xué)家又有了一個(gè)了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認(rèn)為這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)這對(duì)科學(xué)很重要。

10.單選題

"Theword‘protection'isnolongertaboo".Thisshortsentence,utteredbyFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozylatelastmonth,mayhavelaunchedaneweraineconomichistory.Why?Fordecades,Westernleadershavebelievedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.Doingso,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandproductivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare.Championingfreetradethusbecameamoral,notjustaneconomic,cause.

Theseleaders,ofcourse,weren'tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheireconomieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization.AnddevelopingcountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbeswampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshaveturned—thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachfreetrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asia,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecialprotectionbutpracticesmoreandmorefreetrade.

That'swhySarkozy'swordwassoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonestyintothetradedebate.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosingfaithinfreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremorehonest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionistargumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandloserswillbeintheWest.EconomistsinthedevelopedworldusedtolovequotingJosephSchumpeter,whosaidthat"creativedestruction"wasanessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosingjobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples.Thingshaveyettoreversecompletely.Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.

Alittlehypocrisyisnotinitselfaseriousproblem.TherealproblemisthatWesterngovernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolofthekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfromgloballiberalization.Lookatwhat'shappeningattheIMF(InternationalMonetaryFund).TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanagingdirector.Butalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.

ThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians—whoareclearlythenewwinnersintoday'sglobaleconomy—toprovidemoreintellectualleadershipinsupportingfreetrade.Sadly,theyhaveyettodoso.UnlessAsiansspeakout,however,there'sarealdangerthatAdamSmith'sprinciples,whichhavebroughtsomuchgoodtotheworld,couldgraduallydie.Andthatwouldleaveallofusworseoff,inonewayoranother.

1.Itcanbeinferredthat"protection"(Line1,Para.1)means（）

2.TheWesternleaderspreachfreetradebecause（）

3.By"thetableshaveturned"(Line3-4,Para.2)theauthorimpliesthat（）

4.TheWesterneconomistsusedtoliketheideaof"creativedestruction"becauseit（）

5.Theauthoruses"IMF"asanexampletoillustratethepointthat（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.improvingeconomicefficiency

B.endingthefree-tradepractice

C.loweringmoralstandard

D.raisingtradetariffs

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisbeneficialtotheireconomies

B.itissupportedbydevelopingcountries

C.itmakesthemkeepfaithintheirprinciples

D.itisadvocatedbyJosephSchumpeterandAdamSmith

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theWesternleadershaveturnedself-centered

B.theAsianleadershavebecomeadvocatesoffreetrade

C.thedevelopedeconomieshaveturnedlesscompetitive

D.thedevelopingeconomieshavebecomemoreindependent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.setalong-termratherthanshort-termgoal

B.wasanessentialpartofcapitalistdevelopment

C.entailedapositiveratherthannegativementality

D.wasmeanttobethedestructionofdevelopingeconomics

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Europeanleadersarereluctanttoadmittheyarehypocritical

B.thereisaninconsistencybetweenWesterntheoryandpractice

C.globalinstitutionsarenotbeingledbytrueglobalizationadvocates

D.Europeancountries'interestsarebeingignoredbyeconomicleaders

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:信息推斷題。第一段的首句提到，protection不再是一種禁忌，這將開(kāi)啟一個(gè)新時(shí)代，以及下文提到的幾十年來(lái)，西方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一直認(rèn)為，降低貿(mào)易壁壘和關(guān)稅是一件自然的好事。他們認(rèn)為，這樣做將導(dǎo)致更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效率和生產(chǎn)力，從而改善人類福利。根據(jù)文章可推測(cè)，下文提到的都是與protection意義相反的內(nèi)容。所以這里的保護(hù)指的是提高貿(mào)易關(guān)稅。選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句"...sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization"他們將從自由化中獲得最大的利益。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家知道他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)是最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的，然而這一形勢(shì)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，也就是說(shuō)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力有所下降。選項(xiàng)C正確。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的"theyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere."他們（發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家）總是假設(shè)毀滅會(huì)發(fā)生。以及第三段的最后一句“Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.”但在西方的理論和實(shí)踐中，顯然存在著一種消極的趨勢(shì)。所以西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家過(guò)去喜歡引用這句話的原因是因?yàn)樗馕吨l(fā)展中的經(jīng)濟(jì)將會(huì)被毀滅，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第5題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“IMF”定位到第四段，根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.”但當(dāng)西方官員主導(dǎo)這些全球機(jī)構(gòu)時(shí)，他們往往把自己的利益置于所有人的利益之上。所以作者以IMF為例是為了說(shuō)明全球機(jī)構(gòu)不是由真正的全球化倡導(dǎo)者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.單選題

Thebookwaswidelytranslatedandcopiedintheancientworldandwasinfluential（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atanyprice

B.withinreach

C.beyondmeasure

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。atanyprice“無(wú)論如何”；withinreach“伸手可及”；beyondmeasure“無(wú)可估量”；onpurpose“有目的地，故意地”。句意：在古代這本書被廣泛地翻譯和復(fù)制，其影響力______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息widely，可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

3.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisfast.

B.Itisslow.

C.Itworkswell.

D.Itisnotworking.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Canthatclockberight,10:30?

M:Thatclockisalwaysoff.It’s11:05.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheclock?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從對(duì)話兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)可知，這個(gè)鐘慢了。

13.單選題

CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand（）bythesamefederallaws.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.abide

C.sustain

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。abideby指"遵守...";conform"遵守,符合",一般與to和with搭配;sustain"承受;維持";comply"遵從，服從"，一般與with搭配。句意：加利福尼亞人和新英格蘭人說(shuō)同一種語(yǔ)言,并且遵守同樣的聯(lián)邦法律。選項(xiàng)B正確。

14.單選題

ManypeopleinvestinthestockmarkethopingtofindthenextMicrosoftandDell.However,Iknow（1）personalexperiencehowdifficultthisreallyis.Formorethanayear,Iwas

（2）

hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollarsadayininvestinginthemarket.Itseemedsoeasy,Idreamedof

（3）myjobattheendoftheyear,ofbuyingasmallapartmentinParis,oftravelingaroundtheworld.Butthesedreams

（4）toasuddenanddramaticendwhenastockI

（5）,Texascellularponewholesaler,fellbymorethan75percent

（6）aoneyearperiod.Onthe（7）day,itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.Therewasarumorthecompanywas

（8）salesfigures.ThatwaswhenIlearnedhowquicklyWallstreet

（9）companiesthat,inonewayoranother,misrepresentthe（10）

.

Ina

（11）,Isoldallmystocksinthecompany,paying

（12）margindebtwithcashadvancesfrommy

（13）card.BecauseIownedsomanyshares,I

（14）asmallfortune,halfofitfrommoneyIborrowedfromthebrokeragecompany.Onemonth,Iama

（15）,thenext,aloser.Thisonebiglosswasmyfirstlessoninthemarket.

Myfatherwasastockbroker,aswaymygrandfather

（16）him(Infact,hefoundedoneofChicago'searliestbrokeragefirms.)Butlikesomanythingsinlife,wedon’tlearnanything,untilwe

（17）forourselves.Theonlywaytoreallyunderstandtheinner（18）ofthestockmarketistoinvestyourownhard-earnedmoney.Whenallyourstocksaredoing

（19）andyoufeellikeawinner,youlearnverylittle.It’swhenallyourstocksarelosingandeveryoneisquestioningyourstockpicking

（20）thatyoufindoutifyouhavewhatittakestoinvestinthemarket.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.from

D.by

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.making

B.spending

C.selling

D.buying

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.losing

B.retiring

C.getting

D.quitting

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.turned

B.came

C.went

D.seemed

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.owned

B.owed

C.rented

D.sold

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.by

C.from

D.with

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.busy

B.slow

C.worst

D.fast

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.cheating

B.exaggerating

C.announcing

D.beating

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.punishes

B.defeats

C.tells

D.shows

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.trade

B.truth

C.lie

D.lies

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.despair

B.worry

C.panic

D.moment

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.all

B.off

C.over

D.up

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.identity

C.identification

D.loan

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.won

B.lost

C.gained

D.Found

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.winner

B.champagne

C.genius

D.mentor

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.before

C.for

D.and

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.remember

B.live

C.imagine

D.experience

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.workings

B.innings

C.price

D.shares

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.great

C.much

D.up

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.facility

B.faculty

C.ability

D.power

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:C

【解析】（1）固定搭配。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know，賓語(yǔ)是howdifficultthisreallyis，所以“personalexperience”是動(dòng)作實(shí)施的途徑，作方式狀語(yǔ)。其中，固定表達(dá)“knowfrom/through...從……中明白”符合語(yǔ)境和句意‘許多人投資股市，希望找到下一個(gè)微軟和戴爾。然而，從我的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷中，我知道這有多么困難。’，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

（2）固定搭配。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)“hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollars幾百，有時(shí)是幾千美元”和介詞in可知，B選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成固定搭配“spend時(shí)間/金錢+in+doingsth.花時(shí)間/金錢做某事”正確。

（3）固定搭配。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)“myjob我的工作”可知，D選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“quitone’sjob辭職”符合語(yǔ)境和句意‘在一年多的時(shí)間里，我每天都要花費(fèi)數(shù)百甚至數(shù)千美元來(lái)投資股市。這似乎很容易，我夢(mèng)想在年底辭掉工作，在巴黎買一套小公寓，環(huán)游世界?！?/p>

（4）詞組。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but確定這一句是說(shuō)‘夢(mèng)想破滅’，B選項(xiàng)“cometoanend”表示“結(jié)束；終止”，正確。

（5）詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知，作者的一支名為“Texascellularponewholesaler”的股票大跌，因此，此處表示“擁有”之意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（6）固定搭配。句意‘但當(dāng)我持有的一只股票Texascellularponewholesale)在一年時(shí)間里下跌逾75%時(shí)，這些夢(mèng)想突然戲劇性地終結(jié)了。’overaoneyearperiod表示“在短短一年之間”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（7）詞義辨析。根據(jù)空格后下一句“itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.股票日跌幅高達(dá)15美金。”可知，C選項(xiàng)“最壞的一天"符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（8）詞義辨析。cheating‘欺騙’；exaggerating‘夸大，夸張’；announcing‘宣告，發(fā)表’；beating‘敲打，擊打’；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“rumor謠言”以及后文“misrepresent誤傳”可知，B選項(xiàng)“夸大”修飾賓語(yǔ)“銷售數(shù)字”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（9）詞義辨析。punish‘懲罰’；defeat‘擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝’；tell‘告訴，講述’；show‘展示，演示’；根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞“misrepresent誤傳；不如實(shí)地說(shuō)明”可知，A項(xiàng)“懲罰（這類公司）”符合語(yǔ)境‘有謠言說(shuō)公司夸大了銷售數(shù)字。就在那時(shí)，我了解到華爾街是多么迅速地懲罰那些以這樣或那樣的方式歪曲…….的公司?！_。

（10）詞義辨析。trade‘貿(mào)易，交易’；truth‘真相，真理’；lie‘謊言’；根據(jù)前文語(yǔ)境可知，此處表達(dá)“懲罰那些……的公司”，B選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“（誤傳）真相”符合語(yǔ)境搭配，正確。

（11）固定搭配。indespair“絕望”，inapanic“驚恐萬(wàn)分”，inamoment“此刻”，沒(méi)有inaworry這個(gè)搭配，根據(jù)后文“Isoldallmystocksinthecompany我賣掉了公司所有的股票”可知，前文表示的狀態(tài)應(yīng)備是C選項(xiàng)“inapanic驚恐萬(wàn)分”。

（12）詞組辨析。payoff“還清（債務(wù)等）”，payup“全部付清”。根據(jù)空格后關(guān)鍵詞“margindebt債務(wù)”可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

（13）固定搭配。此處表示用‘信用卡creditcard’償還債務(wù)，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（14）詞義辨析。won‘贏得’；lost‘丟失，損失’；gained‘獲得’；Found‘發(fā)現(xiàn)’；此處句意是“因?yàn)槲矣泻芏喙善保?，我……了一小筆。”根據(jù)前文可知，此話是處于股票跌值的語(yǔ)境中，所以B項(xiàng)“損失”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（15）詞義辨析。winner‘贏家，獲勝者’；champagne‘香檳’；genius‘天才’；mentor‘指導(dǎo)者’；根據(jù)后文關(guān)鍵詞“thenext,aloser之后，是個(gè)失敗者”可知，A選項(xiàng)“勝者”符合對(duì)比語(yǔ)境。

（16）介詞辨析。此處的“him他”是指“myfather我的父親”，表示“父親和祖父是一樣的身份”。因此，祖父在父親之前也是個(gè)股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人，則B項(xiàng)‘在……之前’正確。

（17）詞義辨析。remember‘記得，記住’；live‘居住’；imagine‘想象，猜想’；experience‘經(jīng)歷’；“wedon'tlearnanything我什么都沒(méi)有學(xué)到”，而且后文關(guān)鍵詞“ourselves我們自己”可知，此處表示“直到我們親身經(jīng)歷此事”，D想象正確。

（18）詞義辨析。workings‘工作方式’；innings‘局’；price‘價(jià)格’；shares‘股份’；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，A選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“innerworkings內(nèi)部狀況”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（19）詞義辨析。句意“如果你全部股票長(zhǎng)勢(shì)很好，你自己也覺(jué)得是贏家，那你學(xué)到的其實(shí)很少。”此處修飾動(dòng)詞do，需要副詞進(jìn)行修飾，同時(shí)表示‘很好’之意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（20）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)“天資；才能”；B項(xiàng)更強(qiáng)調(diào)生命體本身所具有的能力；C項(xiàng)“本領(lǐng)；能力”，是指人運(yùn)用腦力或體力完成特定任務(wù)的能力(側(cè)重于能還是不能)，是各種能力的總稱。D項(xiàng)“動(dòng)力；力量”。此處表示“挑選股票的能力”，C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

15.單選題

IV.(CriminalLaw)

Theacrimoniousdebateovercapitalpunishmenthascontinuedforcenturies.Inrecentdecades,thedebatehasheatedupintheU.S.followingtheSupremeCourt-imposedmoratoriumoncapitalpunishment.Currently,severalstatesareconsideringachangeintheirpoliciesregardingthestatusofthedeathpenalty.Nebraska’slegislature,forexample,recentlypassedatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutions,whichwas,however,vetoedbythestate’sgovernor.Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsi