考研考博-英語-蘭州資源環(huán)境職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州資源環(huán)境職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premodemcancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:“Thereisnotreatment.’’

Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible，but，untilmodemtimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever)；“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks)；and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themodemdiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”

Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy”.Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality”,andinsomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”？

4.“Neurasthenia”anddiabetesarementionedbecause（）

5.Assuggestedbythepassage,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

問題1選項

A.calledcancerthecrab

B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones

C.foundoutthecauseofcancer

D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors

問題2選項

A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer.

B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer.

C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement.

D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatone’sownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer.

問題3選項

A.Modemcancercareisveryeffective.

B.Thereisalotmorecancernow.

C.Peopleunderstandcancerinradicallynewwaysnow.

D.Thereisasharpincreaseinmortalityinmodemcancerworld.

問題4選項

A.theyareasfatalascancer

B.theywereconsideredtobe“diseaseofcivilization”

C.peopledreadthemverymuch

D.theyarebroughtbythehighpressureofmodernlife

問題5選項

A.Thecareandmanagementofcancerhavedevelopedovertime.

B.Theculturalsignificanceofcancershiftsindifferenttimes.

C.Cancer’sidentityhasneverchanged.

D.Canceristhepricepaidformodemlife.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，古埃及人_______。由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第五句“TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome”，可知古埃及人已經(jīng)知道很多有不好的結(jié)果的腫瘤，對應(yīng)第四個選項，malignanttumors是指惡性腫瘤。因此D選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于過去的癌癥，下列哪一項陳述最能得到文章的支持？文章并沒提到古人是否活到容易患癌癥的年齡，排除A選項；第二段中提到“Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind”，說明過去人們不是不恐懼癌癥，而是這種恐懼并沒稱為焦點，排除B選項；最后一段中提到“…sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement”被認(rèn)為優(yōu)雅的是死于肺結(jié)核，排除C選項；最后一段中“somephysiciansattributedcancer…topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses”說明他們將癌癥歸因于心理和行為原因，因此D選項符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：下面哪個選項是被稱為“現(xiàn)代病”的癌癥的原因？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“themoderndisease”定位到第二段最后一句，上一句提到癌癥死亡令人恐懼，下一句就說RoyPorter將其說成是“最卓越的現(xiàn)代病，Mukherjee稱之為“現(xiàn)代最典型的產(chǎn)物”，說明人們對癌癥的理解改變了。因此C選項符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：提到“神經(jīng)衰弱”和糖尿病是因為_____。文中最后一句提到了關(guān)鍵詞“Neurasthenia”和“diabetes”，文中提到“itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence”，在此提到癌癥和神經(jīng)衰弱以及糖尿病的病因相似，因此也就是在說神經(jīng)衰弱和糖尿病都與心理壓力有關(guān)。因此D選項符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。題干：如文章所述，作者最可能同意下列哪一種說法？由第一段第二句中“Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime”與全文，可知對于癌癥的護理管理是一直發(fā)展的，因此A選項符合題意。B和D選項是作者飲用的他人觀點，不不能代表作者自身。癌癥由之前的不是焦點到現(xiàn)在人人恐懼，身份自然有改變，C選項由此可排除。

2.單選題

Severalinternationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto（）,oratleastweaken,thetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s.

問題1選項

A.revolt

B.revolve

C.reverse

D.revive

【答案】C

【解析】句意:90年代初期發(fā)生的若干國際事件，似乎有可能逆轉(zhuǎn)或者至少能夠緩解80年代出現(xiàn)的趨勢。

考查動詞辨析。revolt叛逆，反抗，不及物動詞,故排除；revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)，環(huán)繞，不及物動詞,故排除。Reverse顛倒，逆轉(zhuǎn)。Revive（使）蘇醒，復(fù)興，復(fù)活。根據(jù)句意“或者至少能夠緩解”可知C正確。

3.單選題

Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it（）intofragments.

問題1選項

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokethrough

【答案】C

【解析】短語辨析。句意：木頭腐爛成那樣了，我們拉它的時候，它就

片了。

brokeaway脫離，放棄，裂開；brokeoff折斷，突然停止；brokeup分手，破碎；brokethrough突破。

后半句有一個“fragments（碎片）”,C項符合句意。雖然A項breakaway也可表示“弄碎”的意思，但后面一般不與“into（sth.）”連用。

4.單選題

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor（1）toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful（2）ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem（3）theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexmilitaryestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand（4）ofmosthighways,the（5）oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily（6）forbycountyorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation（7）arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate（8）inmanyways,forthe（9）ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest（10）ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda（11）,suchasintelephoneorelectricservice,orinotherareaswherethereislimitedcompetition,aswithrailroadsorairlines.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable（12）,butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices（13）,sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis（14）toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof（15）infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by（16）taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso（17）theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto（18）andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs（19）certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto（20）betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystem.

問題1選項

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

問題2選項

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

問題3選項

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

問題4選項

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

問題5選項

A.commonplace

B.responsibility

C.conductivity

D.consequence

問題6選項

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

問題7選項

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

問題8選項

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

問題9選項

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

問題10選項

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

問題11選項

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

問題12選項

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

問題13選項

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

問題14選項

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

問題15選項

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

問題16選項

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

問題17選項

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

問題18選項

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

問題19選項

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

問題20選項

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查邏輯關(guān)系。element“元素、要素”;magnifier“放大鏡”;horror“恐怖”;economy“經(jīng)濟”。文章開頭第一句就講到消費者與生產(chǎn)者會對經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生影響，由此可以推出文章接下來要講另一個影響因素，只有D符合題意。

2.考查詞匯辨析。elevation”海撥，提高”;emotion“情感、情緒”;election“選舉”;powerfuleffect“強大的影響力”,選項C符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。drip”滴下”;diverge“偏離、分叉”;clamp“夾住”。郵政系統(tǒng)屬于服務(wù)行業(yè)，故選擇B“服務(wù)”。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。clearance“清除”;combustion“燃燒、氧化”;commence“開始，著手”；maintenance“維修；維護”高速公路除了建設(shè)，還需要對其進行保養(yǎng)，才保證正常使用。選項D符合題意。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。commonplace“老生常談、司空見慣的事”;conductivity“導(dǎo)電性”;consequence“結(jié)果，后果”。高速公路建設(shè)與保養(yǎng)問題，涉及一個歸屬與責(zé)任權(quán)的問題，句中提到individualstates（各個州）。由此可知選B（責(zé)任）符合題意。

6.考查動詞詞義辨析。console“安慰”;compact“壓縮、壓緊”;bracket“把...歸入同一類”。句中提到thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment（公共教育系統(tǒng)大多數(shù)的資金由聯(lián)邦政府提供）。由此可知，接下來繼續(xù)談?wù)撡M用的承擔(dān)問題。選項C（支付）符合題意。

7.考查固定搭配。boycott“聯(lián)合抵制”;budget“預(yù)算”;charter”憲章、特許狀”；

service“局、部”。Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation

Services（警察局、消防部門、衛(wèi)生局）。故選擇A。

8.考查名詞詞義辨析。banquet“宴會”;boom“興旺，繁榮”;arena“舞臺”；enterprise“企業(yè)”。文章是講政府在經(jīng)濟中發(fā)揮的作用，推動經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展很大程度上取決于企業(yè)的發(fā)展，句中business:此處理解為企業(yè)。選項D符合題意。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。assertion“斷言、聲明”;asset“資產(chǎn)，財產(chǎn)”;assumption“假定，假設(shè)”。政府實施對企業(yè)的管理是為了達到某一目的，故選擇B（目的，企圖）。

10.考查名詞詞義辨析。admiration”欽佩，贊賞”;adoption“采用，收養(yǎng)”;accuracy“精確度，準(zhǔn)確性”。政府指導(dǎo)企業(yè)的發(fā)展，讓企業(yè)在盈利的同時，也需要滿足全社會的利益，故選擇B（利益）。

11.考查名詞詞義辨析。acceptance“接受”;abolition”廢除，廢止”;morality“道德，品行”。企業(yè)為了個人利益難免會壟斷某個行業(yè)，Regulationisnecessaryinareas：政府在某些行業(yè)采取調(diào)控是有必要的。故得知選擇A（壟斷）。

12.考查名詞詞義辨析。proximity“接近，鄰近”;blend“混合”;breast“胸懷，乳房”。

企業(yè)要生存就必須盈利，故選擇D（利潤）。

13.考查副詞詞義辨析。fairly“公平地”;friendly“友好的”;unnecessarily“不必要地”。企業(yè)為了賺得更多的利潤，會打價格戰(zhàn)，會惡意提高價格，故選擇B（不公平地）。

14.考查動詞詞義辨析。broaden“擴大，變寬”;bankrupt“破產(chǎn)”;exemplify”例證，例示”。control此處理解為調(diào)控，而這一行為是需要實施，故選擇A（運用，執(zhí)行）。

15.考查名詞詞義辨析。faculty“科，系”;quantity“量，數(shù)量”;fragment“碎片，片段”。theFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof65infood：食品藥品管理局禁止生產(chǎn)有害藥品，提出食品加工的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由此可知選擇C（質(zhì)量）。

16.考查動詞詞義辨析。applaud“贊同，鼓掌”;assess“評定，估計”;ascend“上升，攀登”。...controltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflation...：調(diào)控經(jīng)濟過熱和過度衰退，抑制通貨膨脹。要解決這些問題需要采用一些經(jīng)濟手段，如：調(diào)整稅率，貨幣發(fā)行量（themoneysupply）,故選擇D（調(diào)整）。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。accommodate“適應(yīng)，調(diào)解”;adhere“堅持”;affirm“肯定，斷言”。運用經(jīng)濟手段（調(diào)整稅率、貨幣發(fā)行量），會對經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生一定影響，故選擇A（影響）。

18.考查名詞詞義辨析。beverage“飲料”;bondage“束縛，奴役”;botany“植物學(xué)”。individual:個人，政府要保證個體利益也需要照顧全局，由此可以得知選擇B（企業(yè)）。

19.考查動詞詞義辨析。Perplex“困惑，為難”;perturb“擾亂”;plunder”搶奪，搶劫”。tariffscertainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;為了企業(yè)的更好的發(fā)展，可以允許減免某些企業(yè)的稅收，故選擇B（允許）。

20.考查動詞詞義辨析。compensate“補償、賠償”;confront“面對，遭遇”;console“安慰，慰藉”。...Americanproducts...withcertainforeigngoods（美國產(chǎn)品、外國產(chǎn)品），可得知國內(nèi)產(chǎn)品與外國產(chǎn)品為了爭得市場，必然存在競爭，故選D（競爭）。

5.單選題

It’ssaidthat（）isgoingtogiveusalecture.

問題1選項

A.anAmericanfamousyoung

B.afamousAmericanyoung

C.afamousyoungAmerican

D.ayoungfamousAmerican

【答案】C

【解析】句意:據(jù)說，一個著名的美國年輕人會給我們演講。

語法題?？疾樾稳菰~的順序位置。famous是描繪性形容詞，應(yīng)放在前面；American指的是國籍，表示“美國人”，應(yīng)該放在young之后。因此選C項。

6.寫作題

Directions:Inthispart,youareexpectedtowriteacompositionentitledProsConsofBuyingaCarinnolessthan200words.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutlines.

有人贊成買私家車

有人反對買私家車

我的看法

【答案】略

7.單選題

Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablethingdependingtoalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolortoothercolorsseensimultaneously.Itisnotfixedinitsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhichcreatesit.Ontheotherhand,thepropertiesofsurfacesthatgiverisetocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolors,usually(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier.

Whentheeyeisfixedonacoloredarea,thereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthesensitivityoftheeyetocolorinandaroundtheareaviewed.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotimmediatelyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthegazeisshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchouten,itappearsthat,atleastforafirstapproximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceoveraverybrieftimeiftheadaptingsourceismoderately,brightandtheeyehasbeeninrelativedarknessjustpreviously.Asthestimulusisallowedtoact,however,theeffectbecomesmorepersistentinthesensethatittakestheeyelongertoregainitssensitivitytolowerintensities.Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond.Theeffectnotonlyispresentoverthemutualareacausingthe“l(fā)ocaladaptation”butalsospreadswithdecreasingstrengthtoadjoiningareasoftheeyetoproduce“l(fā)ateraladaptation”.Also,becauseofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecomeuniformoverthewholeeye.

1.Thisselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Whetheracoloredobjectwould,ontwoviewingsseparatedintime,appeartotheviewerassimilarordifferentincolorwoulddependmostlyon（）.

3.Ifaperson'seyehasbeenlookingatanobjectinbrightsunlightforsometime,andthenshiftstoanobjectnotwelllit,wecanexpect（）.

4.Theword"superimpose"(Line12,Paragraph2)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Thepresentselectionhasapparentlybeenprecededbysomeexplanationof（）.

問題1選項

A.theeye’sadaptationtocolor

B.thepropertiesofcoloredsurfaces

C.thecolorofcolors

D.theeffectofchangesincolorintensity

問題2選項

A.thecolormechanismoftheeyeinuseatthetimeofeachviewing

B.whethertheobjectwasseeninartificialornaturallight

C.whatkindofviewinghadimmediatelyprecededeachoftheviewings

D.theindividual'spoweroflateraladaptation

問題3選項

A.atimelaginthefocusingabilityoftheeye

B.theimmediatelossofthe"afterimage"ofthefirstobject

C.someinabilitytoseecolorsofthelatter-namedobjectsuntillossofsensitivityhasbeenregained

D.theadaptationinthecentralareaoftheeyebutlittleadaptationinthelateralareastothenewintensitylevel

問題4選項

A.putsomethingover

B.forcesomethingtoappear

C.levysomethingupon

D.makesomethingavailable

問題5選項

A.someexperimentwithcolorpigments

B.thenatureofcolor

C.thecolorpropertiesofvarioussurfaces

D.themechanismoftheeye'sadaptationtocolor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段提出:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(這兩種效果在很大程度上都是由于前面提到的顏色適應(yīng)機制)，后面接著論述了眼睛對顏色的適應(yīng)。由此可知A項“眼睛對顏色的適應(yīng)”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation(觀看時間越長，強度越高，面積越大，在接下來的觀察中存留的影響就越大)。由此可知答案為C項“快速轉(zhuǎn)移視線前所見景物”.

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第六句:Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最終的結(jié)果是，如果眼睛盯著某種顏色看，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到較低強度的區(qū)域，由第一區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的靈敏度損失將仍然存在，并將會作為后像出現(xiàn)而疊加到第二個區(qū)域中)。由此可知C選項“直到失去的敏感度恢復(fù)了，才能看到后一個物體一些原本看不到的顏色”正確。

第4題:詞義題?？蓞⒖嫉诙蔚诹?Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最終的結(jié)果是，如果眼睛盯著某種顏色看，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到較低強度的區(qū)域，由第一區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的靈敏度損失將仍然存在，并將會作為后像出現(xiàn)而…到第二個區(qū)域中)。由此可知，superimposed指“疊加的”。因此A項“把某物放在上面”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段最后一句:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(這兩種效應(yīng)似乎和之前提到的顏色適應(yīng)機制有很大關(guān)系)。由此可知D項“眼睛適應(yīng)顏色的機制”正確。

8.單選題

Youinvestintheequitymarkettoprovideyourselfwithstreamoffuturedividendswhichwillhopefully_______inflation.

問題1選項

A.outpace

B.outface

C.outgrow

D.outlaw

【答案】A

【解析】outpace超過…速度,趕過;outface蔑視;outgrow出生,蛻變;outlaw將…放逐,宣布…不合法。句意：投資股票市場會給自己帶來未來的紅利，而且它將有望趕超通貨膨脹。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst（1）,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis（2）tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture（3）andculturalgrowthincreased.

Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis（4）forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They（5）thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesuswitha(n)（6）languageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganisms.Supportersofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour（7）forlanguageisinborn,butthat

languageitselfdevelopsgradually,asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical（8）timesforlanguagedevelopment.

Current（9）ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed;however,evidence（10）theexistenceofsome

innateabilitiesisundeniable.Indeed,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin（11）grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing（12）to

them,whileadultshaveamuch（13）timelearninganotherlanguageoncetherulesoftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.

（14）someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyin

avacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen（15）fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.This

demonstratesthat（16）withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage（17）thananyinnatecapacities.

Thesetheoristsviewlanguage（18）imitative,learnedbehavior.（19）,childrenlearnlanguage

fromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsby（20）reinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.

問題1選項

A.generated

B.evolved

C.born

D.originated

問題2選項

A.valuable

B.appropriate

C.convenient

D.favorite

問題3選項

A.attainments

B.feasibility

C.entertainments

D.evolution

問題4選項

A.essential

B.available

C.reliable

D.responsible

問題5選項

A.confirm

B.inform

C.claim

D.convince

問題6選項

A.innate

B.basic

C.inspiring

D.outgoing

問題7選項

A.potential

B.performance

C.preference

D.passion

問題8選項

A.ideological

B.biological

C.social

D.psychological

問題9選項

A.reviews

B.reference

C.reaction

D.recommendation

問題10選項

A.opposing

B.supporting

C.encouraging

D.discouraging

問題11選項

A.various

B.different

C.thehigher

D.thelower

問題12選項

A.revealed

B.exposed

C.engaged

D.involved

問題13選項

A.hard

B.easy

C.harder

D.easier

問題14選項

A.Although

B.Whether

C.Since

D.When

問題15選項

A.distinguished

B.different

C.protected

D.isolated

問題16選項

A.exposition

B.comparison

C.contrast

D.interaction

問題17選項

A.acquisition

B.appreciation

C.requirement

D.alternative

問題18選項

A.tobe

B.into

C.as

D.of

問題19選項

A.Asaresult

B.Afterall

C.Inotherwords

D.Aboveall

問題20選項

A.negatively

B.positively

C.negative

D.positive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】（1）動詞詞義辨析。generated生殖，發(fā)展；evolved逐漸發(fā)展，進化；born出世（bear的過去分詞）；originated起源。根據(jù)原文句意：當(dāng)人類剛剛開始，他們跟新生兒一樣不會運用這種工具。選項B更符合原文語境。

（2）形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，填空處的詞是用來修飾語言的。valuable珍貴的；appropriate合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)?；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜歡的。這里指語言工具，所以選項A更符合語境。

（3）名詞詞義辨析。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娛樂；evolution進化。句意：語言一旦發(fā)展起來，人類未來取得成就和文化發(fā)展的可能性就增加了。選項A符合原文。

（4）beresponsiblefor對……負(fù)責(zé)，是……的原因。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可以推斷，這里是指：進化是我們有能力發(fā)明和使用語言的原因，而不是說進化對我們有能力發(fā)明和使用語言很重要，所以選D而不選A。

（5）根據(jù)原文可知that后面的從句是生物學(xué)家們提出的觀點，所以用claim（聲稱）符合原文語境。

（6）上下文語義。根據(jù)下文“innatenesstheory”可知，此處也應(yīng)填入innate。

（7）名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：人類的語言潛能是與生俱來的，但語言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展。選項A符合原文。

（8）形近詞辨析。ideological思想上的；biological生物的；social社會的；psychological心理的。根據(jù)上文“asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood”可以推斷，語言的發(fā)展有一個關(guān)鍵的生物變化的時期，選項B符合原文。

（9）名詞詞義辨析。reviews評論；reference參考；reaction反應(yīng)；recommendation推薦。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指人們對天賦論的評論不一。選項A符合原文。

（10）上下文語義。根據(jù)evidence可知，只有supporting符合邏輯關(guān)系。句意：支持某些先天能力的證據(jù)卻是毋庸置疑的。所以本題選B。

（11）上下文語義。根據(jù)下文“Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguages”可推斷，學(xué)外語要從低年級開始教起。選項D符合原文。

（12）固定搭配。engaged通常與介詞in或者with搭配；involved通常與介詞in搭配。這里指長期處于……環(huán)境中，所以選項B更符合原文。

（13）上下文語義。根據(jù)while可知，成年人和孩子們想比應(yīng)該是相反的情況，所以排除選項B和D，再根據(jù)副詞much可知，這里應(yīng)填入比較級，選項C正確。

（14）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意：語言的某些方面確實是與生俱來的，語言不是憑空自己發(fā)展的。所以，前后應(yīng)該為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項A符合原文語境。

（15）上下文語義。根據(jù)上文語言不是憑空自己發(fā)展的，也就是說不能在與世隔絕的環(huán)境中發(fā)展。所以這里應(yīng)該選D。

（16）上下文語義。根據(jù)句意：這說明與他人的互動對于語言的正常發(fā)展是必要的。只有選項D符合原文。

（17）上下文語義。acquisition獲得；appreciation欣賞；requirement要求；alternative可供選擇的。根據(jù)句意：一些語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這比任何先天能力對人類語言習(xí)得更為基礎(chǔ)。選項A符合原文。

（18）固定搭配。viewas意為：認(rèn)為……是……；把……看作……，符合原文句意。所以選項C正確。

（19）上下文語義和詞組辨析。Asaresult結(jié)果是；Afterall畢竟；Inotherwords換言之；Aboveall首先。下句是對上句的一個舉例，所以選項C正確。

（20）副詞詞義辨析和上下文語義。根據(jù)下文“negativelyreinforcingimprecise”可知這里應(yīng)填入positively。選項B正確。

10.單選題

Thedoctorwasina（）astowhethertotellthepatientthetruthoralie.

問題1選項

A.prudence

B.dilemma

C.secrecy

D.psychology

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。prudence謹(jǐn)慎；dilemma困境，進退兩難；secrecy保密；psychology心理學(xué)。句意：醫(yī)生陷入進退兩難的困境，不知該告訴病人真相還是謊言。選項B符合句意。

11.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas”basedonthefollowinggivenoutlineinChinese.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheAnswerSheet.

Outline:

1.現(xiàn)在社會上的假文憑屢見不鮮。

2.如何杜絕假文憑現(xiàn)象？

【答案】HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas

Inthelastfewyears,thephenomenonoffakediplomasismoreserious.Plentyofpeopleusefakediplomasto

findagoodjob.Besidesthelowcostofthefakediplomasappealslotsofpeoplewhohavenotreceivedhighereducationwhichmakefakediplomasbecomemorecommon.

Fakediplomasdoharmtobothemployersandpersonswhohaverealdiplomas.Ifemployersappointemployeeswhoarenotqualifiedforacertainposition,theircompaniesmaysufferheavylosses,evenfacehugecrisis.Besides,it’sunfairforpeoplewithrealdiplomaswhenthosewhobuyfakediplomasdonotpayanyeffortsandmoneyinhighereducation.Soitistimetodealwiththefakeevent.

Tobeginwith,governmentshouldreleasesomelawstopunishthosepeoplewhofabricateandbuythefakediplomastolimitthefakeevent.Inaddition,theuniversitycanmaketheirdiplomaswithspecialmaterialtolimitthefakediplomas’spreading.Furthermore,universitiesshouldmatchupthecompaniestochecktherecordofformalschoolingoftheiremployees.Inthoseways,thefakeeventsmaybecontrolled.

12.單選題

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocountriessincethepublicationofFrankenstein;or,TheModernPrometheus,byMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthorproducedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanyethicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.

Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(AI)raisesfundamentalquestions:“Whatisintelligence,identify,orconsciousness?Whatmakeshumanshumans?”

Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitatethewayhumansthink,continuestoevadescientists.Yethumansremainfascinatedbytheideaofrobotsthatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similartothoserecentlydepictedonpopularsci-fiTVseriessuchas“Westworld”and“Humans”.

“Justhowpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstood,letalonereproduced,”saysDavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist.“Wearejustinasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnesssactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachinetogetthere.”

Butthatdoesn’tmeancrucialethicalissuesinvolvingAIaren'tathand.Thecominguseofautonomousvehicles,forexample,posesthornyethicalquestions.Humandriverssometimesmustmakesplit-seconddecisions.Theirreactionsmaybeacomplexcombinationofinstantreflexes,inputfrompastdrivingexperiences,andwhattheireyesandearstelltheminthatmoment.AI“vision”todayisnotnearlyassophisticatedasthatofhumans.Andtoanticipateeveryimaginabledrivingsituationisadifficultprogrammingproblem.

Wheneverdecisionsarebasedonmasses