考研考博-英語-北京財(cái)貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京財(cái)貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Telecommunicationdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessages（）television,radioandveryshortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmanymessages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.via

B.amid

C.past

D.across

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞。句意：電信的發(fā)展使人們能夠通過電視、無線電發(fā)送信息，很快，電子郵件就可以用許多信息轟炸人們。根據(jù)語境，此處表示信息發(fā)送的途徑，因此A為正確答案。

2.單選題

Manysocialservicesareprovidedby（

）societiesandorganizationsthatdonotexpectanymaterialpayment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.voluntary

C.helpful

D.spiritual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。wealthy“富有的；充分的”；voluntary“自愿的”；helpful“有幫助的；有益的”；spiritual“精神的；心靈的”。句意：很多社團(tuán)自愿組織提供很多社會福利事業(yè)，并不期望任何物質(zhì)報(bào)酬。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Thereferee______thegoal,rulingthataplayer’shandhadtouchedtheball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nullified

B.accosted

C.cohered

D.detested

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.nullified使無效，作廢；取消B.accosted勾引，引誘；對……說話

C.cohered凝聚；連貫，一致D.detested厭惡；憎恨

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后面的句子“判定球員的手碰到了球”可知，Thereferee______thegoal表達(dá)的意思是“裁判認(rèn)定這一個(gè)進(jìn)球是無效的”，因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】裁判判定一名球員的手觸到了球，認(rèn)為該進(jìn)球無效。

4.問答題

FromitsorigininEuropeaswittysketches,caricaturegrewthroughtheeighteenthand

A

B

nineteenthcentury,becomingenormouslypopularintheUnitedStatesearlyinthiscentury.In

C

D

1920sand1930sespecially,thislivelyformofillustrationappearedinnewspapersandmagazinesthroughoutthecountry.Thecaricaturistsinthiseradrewtheirportraitsofimportantfiguresprimarilytoentertain.

【答案】試題答案：C;countries

【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。由“theeighteenthandnineteenth（十八世紀(jì)和十九世紀(jì)）可知此處對應(yīng)的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式”，country的復(fù)數(shù)形式為countries。

5.單選題

______bythepolice,thekidnappershadnochoicebuttosurrender.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Surrounded

B.Havingsurrounded

C.Surrounding

D.Tosurround

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Surrounded被包圍B.Havingsurrounded包圍

C.Surrounding包圍D.Tosurround包圍

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語動詞。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處要填入一個(gè)非謂語動詞，邏輯主語為kidnappers（綁架者），和動詞surround（包圍）之間是被動的關(guān)系，所以要用過去分詞形式。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)都表示主動關(guān)系。

【句意】綁架者在警察的包圍下別無選擇，只好投降。

6.單選題

Althoughhethoughthewashelpingustopreparethedinner,hewasactually（）theway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.after

C.on

D.by

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)intheway“擋道，礙事，妨礙某人”；B選項(xiàng)aftertheway英語里沒有這樣的短語。C選項(xiàng)ontheway“在途中，在路上，從某種程度上來說”；D選項(xiàng)bytheway“順便說說，順便問一下”，句意：他以為他在幫我們準(zhǔn)備晚餐，其實(shí)根本不是這么回事。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

12.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士提議說待會去打網(wǎng)球，最后男士說：Seeyouinthecourt(球場上見)。

8.單選題

ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It’sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromiseofthe20thcentury.

Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity—evencomfort—foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays—lackoffoodwarmth,shelter—wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.Governmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogramsfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S).Laborunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintotobeingandofferedthepossibility—insomecasesthepromise—oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions.Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.

Theearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshadbecomeuncompetitivegloballyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendeditsno-layoffpolicy.AT&Tfiredthousands,manyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimplyincomprehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labor-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon’tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.

Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionplans,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinecontributionplans,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheplaytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionplanisthe401(k).Thesignificanceofthe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityforaperson’seconomicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintoplaneachyearandhowitgetsinvested—thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit’sworthwhentheemployeeretires.

WhatbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees’401(k)accounts,Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthecompany’sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhentheyshouldhavesold.Second,Enron’s401(k)accountswerelockedwhilethecompanychangedplanadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.

ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid.

TheEnronemployees’retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That’swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI’ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon’tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustintellectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandplaces,they’reontheirown.

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,laborunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein______.

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof______.

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause______.

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.

D.Becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.people’soutlookonlife

B.people’slifestyles

C.people’slivingstandard

D.people’ssocialvalues

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecorporatelay-offs

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespending

C.theeconomicrestructuring

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfuture

B.Enronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestment

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspending

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplan

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.The401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind.

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’?1.為什么作者在開頭說“安然公司的員工的悲慘命運(yùn)將成為商業(yè)歷史上的里程碑……”？

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.A.因?yàn)楣疽呀?jīng)破產(chǎn)了。

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.B.因?yàn)檫@樣的事情不會再發(fā)生了。

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.C.因?yàn)樵S多安然公司的員工失去了他們的退休儲蓄。

D.Becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.D.因?yàn)樗鼧?biāo)志著經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段，最后三句指出“隨著安然股票的破產(chǎn)，成千上萬的人失去了幾乎所有的退休儲蓄。但要確保這種情況不再發(fā)生，可能是不可能的，因?yàn)榘踩粏T工的突然貧困，比它看上去的更大。這是20世紀(jì)最大膽的承諾之一的最新轉(zhuǎn)折（thelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromise）?！?，從中可知，安然公司的員工的悲慘命運(yùn)將成為商業(yè)歷史上的里程碑帶來了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，而第二段第一句提到“這一承諾保證了發(fā)達(dá)國家基本上每個(gè)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全，甚至舒適”可知，這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折就是經(jīng)濟(jì)安全，綜合理解可知，第一段開頭說“安然公司的員工的悲慘命運(yùn)將成為商業(yè)歷史上的里程碑”，是因?yàn)樗鼧?biāo)志著經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼧?biāo)志著經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楣疽呀?jīng)破產(chǎn)了”、B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@樣的事情不會再發(fā)生了”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵S多安然公司的員工失去了他們的退休儲蓄”由解題思路可知，雖然這三項(xiàng)在第一段有提到，但并不是作者說這句話的真正原因，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,laborunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein______.2.根據(jù)該文章，政府、工會和大企業(yè)為保證經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定而共同努力，導(dǎo)致了______的重大變化。

A.people’soutlookonlifeA.人們的人生觀

B.people’slifestylesB.人們的生活方式

C.people’slivingstandardC.人民的生活水平

D.people’ssocialvaluesD.人們的社會價(jià)值觀

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后三句的內(nèi)容“政府為有需要的人建立了福利體系，為老年人設(shè)立了單獨(dú)的項(xiàng)目（美國的社會保障）。工會不僅承諾為工人提供更高的工資，還承諾為退休人員提供養(yǎng)老金。大型企業(yè)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，并提供了終身就業(yè)和有保障的養(yǎng)老金的可能性——在某些情況下是承諾。這種累積效應(yīng)從根本上改變了數(shù)百萬人對待生活本身（approachedlifeitself）的態(tài)度，這是人類歷史上最大的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變之一?！笨芍?，政府、工會和大企業(yè)為保證經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定而共同努力的累積效應(yīng)是改變了人們對生活的態(tài)度，即人生觀。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)“人們的人生觀”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“人們的生活方式”、C項(xiàng)“人民的生活水平”和D項(xiàng)“人們的社會價(jià)值觀”由解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof______.3.養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃的變化也是______的一部分。

A.thecorporatelay-offsA.公司裁員

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespendingB.政府削減福利開支

C.theeconomicrestructuringC.經(jīng)濟(jì)重組

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunionsD.工會發(fā)出警告

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“克林頓總統(tǒng)簽署了一項(xiàng)歷史性的削減福利的法案。美國人意識到社會保障不會為我們?nèi)魏稳颂峁┥鐣Ｕ??！笨芍?，政府削減了福利，而第四段第一句開頭指出“一個(gè)不太明顯但同樣重要的趨勢影響到養(yǎng)老金”，后面提及退休金計(jì)劃的改變，所以綜合理解可推知，養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃的改變也是政府削減福利開支法案的一部分。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)“政府削減福利開支”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“公司裁員”和B項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)重組”是就業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全方面的影響，與題干無關(guān)，屬于出處錯位；

C項(xiàng)“工會發(fā)出警告”在原文沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause______.4.成千上萬的員工選擇安然公司作為他們唯一的投資選擇，主要是因?yàn)開_____。

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfutureA.401k計(jì)劃讓他們?yōu)樽约旱奈磥碡?fù)責(zé)

B.EnronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestmentB.安然公司提出在他們的投資中增加公司股票

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspendingC.他們的雇主打算削減養(yǎng)老金支出

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplanD.安然公司提供類似于固定收益計(jì)劃

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】第五段第三句指出“安然將每個(gè)員工繳納的401k養(yǎng)老金的一定比例與公司股票匹配，所以每個(gè)人最終都會在他或她的投資組合中得到一些安然的股票”，由此可知，安然公司讓投資者擁有他們公司的股票，因此很多員工選擇安然作為他們投資的唯一選擇。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)“安然公司提出在他們的投資中增加公司股票”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“401k計(jì)劃讓他們?yōu)樽约旱奈磥碡?fù)責(zé)”在原文有提到，但與題干無關(guān)，屬于出處錯位；

C項(xiàng)“他們的雇主打算削減養(yǎng)老金支出”是政府削減福利開支法案對養(yǎng)老金的影響，與題干無關(guān)，屬于出處錯位；

D項(xiàng)“安然公司提供類似于固定收益計(jì)劃”根據(jù)解題思路可知，安然公司提供的是股票，而股票并不是固定收益，所以該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?5.哪一個(gè)不是從安然危機(jī)中吸取的教訓(xùn)？

A.The401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.A.401k的資產(chǎn)應(yīng)該放置在一個(gè)以上的投資選擇。

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.B.員工必須為自己承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind.C.因?yàn)楹茈y改變?nèi)藗兊南敕?，這樣的事情有可能再次發(fā)生。

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.D.未來的年輕人不會認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)安全是理所當(dāng)然的。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第二三四句“這就是為什么防止這樣的事情再次發(fā)生是不可能的。人們對‘我會被照顧’的態(tài)度的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變至少花了一代人的時(shí)間。返回可能需要同樣長的時(shí)間。”可知，人們自以為經(jīng)濟(jì)保障是理所當(dāng)然的，要想改變這種觀念要很久的時(shí)間，所以推斷，未來的年輕人還是會認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)安全是理所當(dāng)然的，D項(xiàng)“未來的年輕人不會認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)安全是理所當(dāng)然的”與這一分析相反，但符合題意。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“401k的資產(chǎn)應(yīng)該放置在一個(gè)以上的投資選擇”和B項(xiàng)“員工必須為自己承擔(dān)責(zé)任”根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“但到目前為止，造成這一人間悲劇的最大原因是，成千上萬的雇員在安然股票中的權(quán)重嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)。許多人將他們的401k資產(chǎn)全部投資于股票，而不是提供給他們的其他18種投資選擇。當(dāng)然，這并不明智，但有些人就是這么做的。”可知，這兩項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楹茈y改變?nèi)藗兊南敕?，這樣的事情有可能再次發(fā)生”由解題思路可知，要想改變?nèi)藗冏砸詾榻?jīng)濟(jì)保障是理所當(dāng)然的這種觀念要很久的時(shí)間，所以這樣的事情可能會再次發(fā)生，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

9.單選題

Thehotelwasafour-storeybuildingawayfromtheuniversitywheremostcompetitorswereaccommodated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putup

B.putdown

C.putin

D.putover

【答案】A

【解析】accommodated在這里指容納，安置。putup提供，建造，舉起；putdown放下，鎮(zhèn)壓；putin提交，放入；putover推遲，駛過。選項(xiàng)A放在句中最為恰當(dāng)，符合語境。

10.單選題

Akilnisatypeofoveninwhichclayis（

）sothatithardensintoaformofceramicmaterial.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.repaired

B.baked

C.melted

D.lightened

【答案】B

【解析】repair修理，修補(bǔ)；bake烤，烘焙；melt使融化，使軟化；lighten使照亮，使輕松。句意：窯是一種把黏土燒制變硬成為陶瓷材料的爐子。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

11.單選題

Thisspaciousroomis（）furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lightly

B.sparsely

C.hardly

D.rarely

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這間寬敞的房間設(shè)備稀少，里面只有幾件物品。

考查副詞辨析。lightly輕輕地，輕松地，滿不在乎地;sparsely稀疏地，節(jié)省地;hardly幾乎不，幾乎沒有；rarely難得，很少，表示少見，不經(jīng)常的情況。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“里面只有幾件物品”可知B符合句意。

12.翻譯題

"學(xué)習(xí)"這兩個(gè)字是由孔夫子首先講的，他是一個(gè)偉大的教育家。他自己學(xué)習(xí)十分努力，又有了多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，總結(jié)了那么一句話：“學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之，不亦說（悅）乎？”意思是說，學(xué)了一些東西，經(jīng)常溫習(xí)它，不是很快樂的事情嗎？這是"學(xué)習(xí)”一詞的來源。

任何人要獲得新知識，途徑只有一條，那便是“學(xué)”，向具有這門知識的人學(xué)，向記有這門知識的書本學(xué)，但是學(xué)了，懂得了，卻不等于掌握了這門知識。要使它成為自己的東西，就必須“習(xí)”。只有經(jīng)常溫習(xí)，才能記得住，記得牢。

【答案】Thetwocharacters“xue”and“xi”werefirstusedbyChina’sConfucius,whowasagreateducator.Studyinghardhimself,andhavingmanyyears'experienceofteaching,hesummedupthequestioninonesentencewhichgoes“Isn’titenjoyabletolearnsomethingandtoreviewitoften?”Andthat’stheoriginoftheword“xuexi”.

Thereisonlyonewayforanyonetoacquirenewknowledge,andthat’s“l(fā)earning”thatonecanlearnknowledgefromsomeonewhoisgoodatitorreadanybooksthatcontainsrelativeinformation.Havinglearnedandknewtheknowledge,however,doesn’tmeantheonehasacquiredthemyouoftenreviewtheknowledge.Therefore,onemustreviewittoturnitintosomethingofhisown.

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

人類文明的歷史與人類學(xué)習(xí)如何利用水資源的歷史密不可分。

這些建筑物通常都是傍依懸崖而建的，既為了建設(shè)便利，也為了抵御敵人的侵犯。

西南地區(qū)非常干旱，水源稀少。

他寫作不為名，不圖利，是因?yàn)樗幸环N燃燒的渴望，一種表達(dá)快樂的渴望。

Bramley大學(xué)為注冊的國際學(xué)生提供7類獎學(xué)金以幫助他們解決課程的費(fèi)用問題。

【答案】Thehistoryofhumancivilizationiscloselyrelatedtothehistoryofhuman’slearningofhowtomakeuseofwaterresources.

Thesebuildingswereusuallybuiltagainstcliffs,bothforconvenientconstructionThesouthwesternregionisverydryandthewaterisscarce.

Hewritesneitherforfamenorforprofit,becausehehasastrongdesirewhichcanexpresshishappiness.

TheBramleyUniversityprovidessevenkindsofscholarshipforregisteredinternationalstudents,theaimistohelpthemsolvetheproblemofcoursecost.

14.單選題

Thattruckdrivernolonger（

）himselfindrinkingafterexperiencingtheaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.induced

B.immersed

C.devoted

D.indulged

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)induce“誘導(dǎo)”；B選項(xiàng)immerse“浸入”；C選項(xiàng)devote“致力于”；D選項(xiàng)indulge“沉溺，滿足，放任”。句意：在經(jīng)歷了那次事故后，那個(gè)卡車司機(jī)就不再放任自己喝酒。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

15.單選題

Wecanallowa0.5%discountonallordersof$1000;orders___$2000aresubjecttoa2%

discount.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceeding

B.reducing

C.proceeding

D.promoting

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.exceeding超過（數(shù)量）B.reducing減少

C.proceeding開始；繼續(xù)做D.promoting促進(jìn)；提升

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：對所有1000美元的訂單，我們可以給0.5%的折扣。分號后面的折扣更大，應(yīng)該指如果是更多美元的訂單，我們給出的折扣更多。應(yīng)該選A.exceeding超過，表示更多。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】所有1000美元的訂單，我們可以給0.5%的折扣。超過2000美元的訂單須加2%的折扣。

16.單選題

Isecondhismotionthatwe（）aspecialboardtoexaminetheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shallsetup

B.setup

C.wouldsetlip

D.sets

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我贊成他的提議，我們成立一個(gè)特別委員會來審查這個(gè)問題。

語法題。考查虛擬語氣。在motion(提議，議案)這類表示建議勸告等的從句中，動詞應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，即should+原形，should可省略，因此B正確。

17.單選題

Withtherapidglobalizationofscienceitself(morethan40percentofscientificPh.D.studentstrainedintheUnitedStatesarenowforeignnationals,roughlyhalfofwhomreturntotheircountriesoforigin),theonceundisputedU.S.scientificlead,whetherrelevanttoproductleadornot,isdiminishing.

ThecompetitionofforeignstudentsforpositionsinU.S.graduateschoolshasalsocontributedtomakingscientifictrainingrelativelyunattractivetoU.S.students,becausetherapidlyincreasingsupplyofstudentshasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofthiscareerpath.Forthebestandbrightestfromlow-incomecountries,apositionasaresearchassistantintheUnitedStatesisattractive,whereasthebestandbrightestU.S.studentsmightnowseebetteroptionsinotherfields.Scienceandengineeringcareers,totheextentthattheyareopeninguptoforeigncompetition(whetherimportedoravailablethroughbettercommunication),alsoseemtobebecomingrelativelylessattractivetoU.S.students.

Withrespecttotheroleofuniversitiesintheinnovationprocess,the”speculativeboomofthe1990s(which,amongotherthings,madeitpossibletoconvertscientificfindingsintocashratherquickly)waslargelyunexpected.Theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible.Forawhile,thepathbetweendiscoveriesinbasicscienceandnewflowsofhardcashwasconsiderablyshortened.Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices.

Intheinterveningyears,anothernewforcealsogreatlyfacilitatedglobalization:therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication.Today,complexdesignactivitiescantakeplaceinlocationsquiteremovedfrommanufacturing,otherbusinessfunctions,andtheconsumer.Indeed,thereisnowampleopportunityforreal-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations.Forexample,softwaredevelopment,withallitschangesandcomplications,cantoaconsiderableextentbedoneoverseasforaU.S.customer.Foreigncallcenterscanrespondinstantlytoquestionsfromthousandsofmilesaway.Theresultisthatlow-wageworkersintheFarEastandinsomeothercountriesarecomingintoevermoredirectcompetitionwithamuchwiderspectrumofU.S.labor:unskilledinthecaseofcallcenters;morehighlyskilledinthecaseofprogrammers.

1.Therapidglobalizationofscience

（

）.

2.Accordingtothistext（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingmighthavecontributedtoglobalizationexcept

（

）.

5.Thistextismainlyabout（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasledtotherapidgrowthoftheInternet

B.hasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofscienceandengineeringcareers

C.hasresultedinthefiercecompetitionofscientifictrainingintheUS

D.hascontributedtothediminishofU.S.scientificleadership

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecareersunattractivetoU.S.studentsmaynotbesotoforeignstudents

B.scienceandengineeringcareersareunattractiveexclusivelytoU.S.students

C.U.S.studentsarenotcourageousenoughtofaceforeigncompetition

D.U.S.studentsarenotwellpreparedtocompetewithforeignstudents

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.scientistsrarelyexpecttomakemoneyfromtheirdiscoveriesinbasicscience

B.itwillbemucheasiertoconvertscientificfindingsintocashinthenearfuture

C.theboomofthe1990scouldbeconsideredsomewhatunhealthy

D.theboomofthe1990swilllastatleastforseveraldecades

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theunprecedenteddevelopmentofInternet

B.theclosercontactofuniversitieswithprivatemarkets

C.real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctions

D.theprevalenceofwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thescientificleadershipoftheU.S

B.theshortageofscientistsintheU.S

C.Therapidglobalizationofscience

D.Bettercommunicationandglobalization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到美國40%的博士生都是來自其他國家，而這些學(xué)生在美國接受完教育后選擇回到自己的祖國，因此，隨著科學(xué)本身的國際化，美國在科學(xué)界領(lǐng)域的地位正在下降（isdiminishing）。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段提到了美國本國的學(xué)生與國外留學(xué)生對工作選擇的期望不同：那些來自于低收入國家的學(xué)生會對一個(gè)研究助理的職位趨之若鶩，而本國的學(xué)生卻對此不感興趣，他們有更好的選擇(seebetteroptionsinotherfields)。選項(xiàng)A“對于美國本國學(xué)生沒有吸引力的工作，對外國學(xué)生卻有著吸引力”符合題意。

3.文章第三段前半部分提到90年代的投機(jī)性高漲（speculativeboom），這種高漲導(dǎo)致學(xué)校里的老師只想盡可能多的去獲得更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益(theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible)，后半部分Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices提到接下來的幾十年，一種健康的方式在逆轉(zhuǎn)之前的道路，由此可推斷90年代的繁榮被認(rèn)為是不健康的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段前半部分提到互網(wǎng)的誕生、廉價(jià)的款待網(wǎng)絡(luò)溝通方式（therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication）、不同地方的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的實(shí)時(shí)溝通都推動了全球化進(jìn)程（real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations），所以只有選項(xiàng)B沒有推動全球化，符合題意。

5.文章第一二段主要講述了由于留學(xué)生的增多，并且這些學(xué)生大都會選擇回自己的國家，從而導(dǎo)致美國在科學(xué)界的領(lǐng)先地位開始動搖，第三段講述了90年代那種不健康的高漲：很多學(xué)校的教師將科學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)利益掛鉤，最后一段提到的全球化的原因跟導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。所以文章主要在論述美國在科學(xué)界的領(lǐng)先地位與科學(xué)全球化的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

18.單選題

TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx,oncewidelyspokenontheisleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope’sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.

Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince1404.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersoftheclub—Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales—abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.

TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspent.Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope—onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.

NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline.AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans“l(fā)andofcompatriots,”istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere—onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.

“UntilveryrecenttimesmostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales’sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.“Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,”Dyfancontinued.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.“Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we’reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeantto______.

2.Theword“centrifugal”inthesecondparagraphmeans______.

3.WalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT______.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentity?

5.AccordingtoDyfanJoneswhathaschangedis______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintainthepresentstatusamongthenations

B.reducelegislativepowersofEngland

C.createabetterstateofequalityamongthenations

D.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.separatist

B.conventional

C.feudal

D.political

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.people’sdesirefordevolution

B.locals’turnoutforthevoting

C.powersofthelegislativebody

D.statusofthenationallanguage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Welshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationallanguage.

B.Poverty-relieffundshavecomefromtheEuropeanUnion.

C.AWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinoperation.

D.Thenationalsymbolhasbecomeafamiliarsight.

問題5