考研考博-英語-四川電子機(jī)械職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川電子機(jī)械職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ourteacherwasusuallyverykindsothathissudden（）greatlysurprisedus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heartiness

B.unhappiness

C.harshness

D.uprightness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)heartiness“熱心；誠實(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)unhappiness“不幸福”；C選項(xiàng)harshness“嚴(yán)厲；嚴(yán)肅”；D選項(xiàng)uprightness“正直”。句意：我們老師平常很和氣，因此突然……起來讓我們大吃一驚。有轉(zhuǎn)折應(yīng)選反義詞匯最為合適，故選C。

2.單選題

Whenthefarmersvisitedthecityforthefirsttime,theywere_____byitscomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precluded

B.bewildered

C.diverted

D.expired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preclude“排出，消除，妨礙”；B選項(xiàng)bewilder“使迷惑”；C選項(xiàng)divert“使轉(zhuǎn)移”；D選項(xiàng)expire“期滿”。根據(jù)thefirsttime和complicatedtrafficsystem可知B選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：當(dāng)農(nóng)民們第一次參觀這座城市時(shí)，他們被它復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄糊涂了。

3.單選題

Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.

A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.

Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.

ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.

Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.

2.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestments（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat（）.

4.Whattonedidtheauthoradoptinthispassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willresultinhigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets

B.canhaveanegativeeffectontheefficiencyofthemarkets

C.willgiveanimpetustoeconomicdevelopment

D.canpromoteproductivityofcapital

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mettheexpectationofthehigherannualreturns

B.excludedthepossibilityofamoreaggressiveinvestment

C.failedtomeetwiththegovernment’santicipation

D.failedtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.investmentsingovernment-supportedprojectsoftenearnhighannualreturns

B.greatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomycouldimpedeeconomicgrowth

C.businessinvestmentsinpublichousingfrequentlylosemoney

D.theinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsisfundamentallyprofitable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Satire

B.Exposure

C.Attack

D.Criticism

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentpoliciesfuelthegovernmentinvestmentintheeconomyandkeepitontherighttrack

B.Governmentinvolvementintheeconomywillultimatelysloweconomicgrowth.

C.Governmentinvestmentingovernment-supportedprojectsisafallacy

D.Governmentmightearnhigherreturnsifitinvestsinstocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient(美國資本市場的高回報(bào)源于資本的高生產(chǎn)率和市場的效率。社會保障信托基金對私人資本市場的投資將損害美國經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)的這兩個(gè)來源；資本的生產(chǎn)效率將降低，市場的效率也將降低)。因此，B項(xiàng)“對市場效率可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments(1994年，世界銀行在全球范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與私人管理的養(yǎng)老基金投資相比，它們的年回報(bào)率普遍較低)。因此C項(xiàng)“沒有達(dá)到政府的預(yù)期目標(biāo)”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。最后一段最后一句指出:Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself(此外，政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致政策放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報(bào)率)。由此可知B項(xiàng)“政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)的更多參與可能會阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)增長”正確。

第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章開頭指出允許政府進(jìn)行信貸投資的目的是利用私人資本市場的高額投資回報(bào)。然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實(shí)質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預(yù)期獲得的投資回報(bào)。并且在結(jié)尾部分進(jìn)一步指出了政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致政策放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報(bào)率。可以看出文章作者的語氣是在批評政府所采取的社會保障基金投資政策。故選D項(xiàng)。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:政府政策推動了政府投資，并讓經(jīng)濟(jì)走上正軌。B:政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的投資最終減慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。C:政府支持項(xiàng)目的投資是錯(cuò)誤的。D:如果政府投資股市，或許收益更大。第一段第二句指出:Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive(然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實(shí)質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預(yù)期獲得的投資回報(bào))。由此可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。最后一句指出:governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowth…(政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，這有可能反過來導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)政策的制定，這種政策進(jìn)而會減慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。第三段第一句指出:Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks(其中之一是對政府債券大力投資，其回報(bào)遠(yuǎn)低于對股市之類的投資)。因此D項(xiàng)正確。最后一段指出:Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn(這種投資的結(jié)果還是回報(bào)率很低)，以及:Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney(事實(shí)上，這種投資經(jīng)常賠錢)。因此C項(xiàng)符合原文所述。故此題選A。

4.單選題

Thebraindrainofexpertsawayfromdevelopingcountrieswillgreatlyinfluencethesecountriesdevelopmentof（）industry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.sophisticated

C.primitive

D.collective

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。complicated"復(fù)雜的,難懂的";sophisticated"精密的,尖端的";primitive"原始的,早期的";collective"集體的,共同的"。句意：發(fā)展中國家髙技術(shù)人才的外流,將會嚴(yán)重影響這些國家尖端工業(yè)的發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefenceswhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehavior:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

52.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（）.

53.ThethirdparagraphdoesNOTclaimthatmen（）.

54.Thethirdparagraph（）.

55.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.preventwomenfromtakingupcertainprofessions

B.secretlyadmirewomen’sintellectandresolution

C.doubtwhetherwomenreallymeantosucceedinbusiness

D.forbidwomentojoincertainclubsandsocieties

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraph

B.hasnoconnectionwithfirstparagraph

C.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraph

D.contradictsthelastparagraph

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearlierparagraphs

C.supportthefirst.sentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】52.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice．（男子對其性別角色的確定與他們從事某些婦女不允許從事的活動的權(quán)利或能力有關(guān)）。從此句可知，男人們很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通過一些方式來把握和鞏固這個(gè)地位，因此C選項(xiàng)“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子漢氣概’”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，沒有提及；B選項(xiàng)“在求愛中采取主動”，亦沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“往往比女人更不道德”，文章沒有具體說明。

53.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemof...doubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.（有大量的出版物是關(guān)于持續(xù)的對婦女的家庭束縛，關(guān)于男性為他們迄今所接受的優(yōu)勢建立的復(fù)雜的防御體系，有時(shí)以排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團(tuán)體之外的明顯形式出現(xiàn)，有時(shí)，更微妙的形式是，對女性自命不凡的嚴(yán)肅程度的自動懷疑，就像人們認(rèn)為的，男性在管理世界時(shí)所具有的智慧和決心。）從這段話中可以看到A選項(xiàng)“阻止婦女從事某種職業(yè)”；B選項(xiàng)“暗自羨慕女人的智慧和決心”以及D選項(xiàng)“禁止婦女參加某些俱樂部和社團(tuán)”都是文段中有提到的，只有C選項(xiàng)“懷疑女性是否真的想在商業(yè)上取得成功”是沒有提及的，因此C選項(xiàng)當(dāng)選。

54.判斷推理題。第一段講述的是男性會通過阻止婦女進(jìn)入某個(gè)領(lǐng)域或從事某項(xiàng)壯舉來保證他們的男子氣概，而第三段說Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.（關(guān)于婦女繼續(xù)受到家庭奴役和男子圍繞其迄今為止公認(rèn)的優(yōu)勢所建立的復(fù)雜的防御體系的出版物層出不窮，有時(shí)采取明顯的形式，將婦女排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團(tuán)體之外。）和第一段說的幾乎都是同樣的主題，因此A選項(xiàng)“大致同意第一段”正確。B選項(xiàng)“和第一段沒有關(guān)系”；C選項(xiàng)“重復(fù)第二段的論點(diǎn)”以及D選項(xiàng)“與最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并沒有談到這方面的信息，都不正確。

55.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段結(jié)尾處作者用比較夸張的方式提到，在原始社會里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句話Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.（人們都持著那種從人類最原始的狀態(tài)時(shí)就有的關(guān)于男人和女人社會角色的觀點(diǎn)。）因此最后兩句話形象而具體地解釋了那種觀點(diǎn)到底是什么。因此C選項(xiàng)“支持同一段的第一句話”正確。A選項(xiàng)“表明男人比女人更強(qiáng)大”，并沒有明確說明；B選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)一步表達(dá)最初段落的意思”，最后一段并沒有繼續(xù)講述第一段的信息；D選項(xiàng)“否認(rèn)他所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)”，不正確。

6.單選題

Thestatistics（）thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proves

B.isproving

C.areproving

D.prove

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明這個(gè)地方的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在最近已經(jīng)徹底地改善。

語法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。主語為statistics(數(shù)據(jù)(復(fù)數(shù))),句意為“數(shù)據(jù)表明”,因此此處應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選D。

7.單選題

Themilitaryoperations（）yesterdayweretargetedatthemilitaryinstallations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.propelled

B.commenced

C.plagued

D.modulated

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。空格處做的是后置定語，修飾themilitaryoperations(軍事行動)，B項(xiàng)commenced(開始)符合句意。

8.翻譯題

2.改革開放30年來，隨著中國逐漸崛起成為政治經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國，海外人士學(xué)習(xí)漢語的現(xiàn)象與日俱增，海外孔子學(xué)院也成了人們學(xué)習(xí)中國語言和中國文化的首選之地。通過學(xué)習(xí)漢語，他們對這個(gè)和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，而且有機(jī)會了解中國的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、醫(yī)學(xué)、飲食文化，親身體驗(yàn)這個(gè)文明古國的風(fēng)采。

【答案】【參考譯文】

2.AsChinaisrisingasapoliticalandeconomicworldpowerthankstoitsthree-decadereformandopeningup,moreandmorepeopleinoverseascountriesstarttolearnChineseandturntoaConfuciusInstituteintheirowncountriesastheirfirstchoicelearningChineselanguageandChineseculture.ThroughlearningChinese,theyhaveastronginterestinthisancientcivilization,whichisquitedifferentfromtheirownculture.TheyalsohavetheopportunitytolearnaboutChinesephilosophy,art,medicineandfoodculture,andexperiencetheelegantdemeanorofthisancientcivilization.

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Asinthecaseofsomanywordsusedbythebiologistandphysiologist,thewordacclimatizationishardtodefine.Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange.Originallythetermacclimatizationwastakentomeanonlytheabilityofhumanbeingsoranimalsorplantstoaccustomthemselvestonewandstrangeclimaticconditions,primarilyalteredtemperature.Apersonorawolfmovestoahotclimateandisuncomfortablethere,butafteratimeisbetterabletowithstandtheheat.Butasidefromtemperature,thereareotheraspectsofclimate.Apersonorananimalmaybecomeadjustedtolivingathigheraltitudesthanthoseitwasoriginallyaccustomedto.Atreallyhighaltitudes,suchasaviatorsmaybeexposedto,thelowatmosphericpressurebecomesafactorofprimaryimportance.Inchangingtoanewenvironment,apersonmay,therefore,meetnewconditionsoftemperatureorpressure,andinadditionmayhavetocontendwithdifferentchemicalsurroundings.Onhighmountains,theamountofoxygenintheatmospheremayberelativelysmall;incrowdedcities,apersonmaybecomeexposedtorelativelyhighconcentrationsofcarbondioxideorevencarbonmonoxide,andinvariousareasmaybeexposedtoconditionsinwhichthewatercontentoftheatmosphereisextremelyhighorextremelylow.Thusinthecaseofhumans,animals,andevenplants,theconceptofacclimatizationincludesthephenomenaofincreasedtolerationofhighorlowtemperature,ofalteredpressure,andofchangesinthechemicalenvironment.

Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit.Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking.Thistypeofadjustmentiscommonlyreferredtobyphysiologistsas“adaptation”.

Thusourtouchsensesoonbecomesaccustomedtothepressureofourclothesandwedonotfeelthem;wesoonfailtohearthetickingofaclock;obnoxiousodorsafteratimefailtomakemuchimpressiononus,andoureyesinstronglightrapidlybecomeinsensitive.

Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.Thisisoneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsoflivingorganisms,acharacteristicforwhichitisextremelydifficulttofindexplanations.

1.Accordingtothereadingselection,allanimalsandplants（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthereadingselectionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothereadingselection,acclimatization（）.

4.Byinferencefromthereadingselection,whichoneofthefollowingwouldnotrequiretheprocessofacclimatization?

5.Accordingtothepassage,amajordistinctionbetweenacclimatizationandadaptationisthatacclimatization（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveanabilityforacclimatization

B.canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime

C.aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments

D.canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings

B.plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent

C.assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange

D.biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.issimilartoadaptation

B.ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas

C.involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment

D.maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anoceanfishplacedinalake

B.Askindivermakingadeepdive

C.Anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight

D.Apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ismoreimportantthanadaptation

B.isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid

C.appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments

D.isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由allanimalsandplants定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.”，適應(yīng)環(huán)境的根本事實(shí)是，所有的動物和植物都有一定的能力來適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化。A選項(xiàng)“haveanabilityforacclimatization”意為“有適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime”意為“一次只能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的一種變化”，原文沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)；C選項(xiàng)“aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments”意為“能成功地讓自身適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化”，有一定的適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化的能力，并不等于成功；D選項(xiàng)“canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges”意為“能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的自然變化，但不能適應(yīng)人為誘導(dǎo)的變化”，原文未提及人為誘導(dǎo)的變化。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需要四個(gè)選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)分析。A選項(xiàng)“everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings”，意為“環(huán)境的任何變化都需要生物適應(yīng)”，原文是適應(yīng)與生物不適合或者致命的環(huán)境，但不是所有變化都要適應(yīng)；B選項(xiàng)“plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent”意為“植物和動物的相似之處多于它們的不同之處”，原文并未就動植物的相似處與不同處進(jìn)行比較；C選項(xiàng)“assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange”意為“隨著科學(xué)的發(fā)展，術(shù)語的內(nèi)涵可能會發(fā)生變化”與原文相符，原文“Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange”隨著知識和理解的增加，單詞的意義也在變化；D選項(xiàng)“biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings”意為“生物學(xué)家和生理學(xué)家本質(zhì)上研究的是相同的東西”，原文沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由acclimatization定位到文章第二段第一句“Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit”，因此，讓我們把適應(yīng)性定義為一個(gè)生物體或生物體的一部分逐漸適應(yīng)一個(gè)通常不適合它或?qū)λ鼇碚f是致命的環(huán)境的過程。由此可知，適應(yīng)也包括負(fù)面的適應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)“issimilartoadaptation”，意為“類似于適應(yīng)”，與原文相反，adaptation與acclimatization是兩個(gè)概念；B選項(xiàng)“ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas”意為“現(xiàn)在比以前更重要”，原文并未將過去與現(xiàn)在的重要性進(jìn)行比較；C選項(xiàng)“involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment”意為“包括積極和消極的適應(yīng)”與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism”意為“可能與一個(gè)生物體的一部分有關(guān)，但與整個(gè)生物體無關(guān)”，與原文不符，原文是生物體或生物體的一部分，因此與整個(gè)生物體有關(guān)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由notrequiretheprocessofacclimatization定位到文章第二段第三句“Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，這一術(shù)語不應(yīng)包括我們的感覺器官不斷做出的相對迅速的調(diào)整。由此可知，感官做出相對迅速的調(diào)整不屬于acclimatization。A選項(xiàng)“anoceanfishplacedinalake”，意為“一條被放在湖里的海魚”，B選項(xiàng)“askindivermakingadeepdive”意為“深潛的赤身潛水員”，C選項(xiàng)“anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight”意為“進(jìn)行高空飛行的飛行員”，都屬于相對緩慢的適應(yīng)過程，因此屬于acclimatization。D選項(xiàng)“apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom”意為“一個(gè)人從有日光的房間進(jìn)入昏黑的房間”，此時(shí)我們的眼睛也就是視覺器官會立刻做出反應(yīng)，所以這不屬于acclimatization。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由majordistinction定位到文章第二段第二、三句“Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，總的來說，適應(yīng)環(huán)境是一個(gè)相對緩慢的過程。這一術(shù)語不應(yīng)包括我們的感覺器官不斷做出的相對迅速的調(diào)整。由此可知，適應(yīng)環(huán)境是個(gè)相對緩慢的過程，而適應(yīng)是個(gè)相對快速的過程。A選項(xiàng)“ismoreimportantthanadaptation”意為“比適應(yīng)更重要”，原文未將兩者的重要性進(jìn)行比較；B選項(xiàng)“isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid”意為“相對緩慢，適應(yīng)相對快速”，符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments”意為“適用于調(diào)整，而適應(yīng)不適用于調(diào)整”，與原文不符，適應(yīng)也適用于調(diào)整，如感覺器官不斷做出的相對迅速的調(diào)整；D選項(xiàng)“isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman”意為“適用于所有動物和植物，適應(yīng)只用于高等動物和人”，原文沒有后半句的相關(guān)表述。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.翻譯題

人類建立秩序是出于必須和渴望戰(zhàn)勝環(huán)境的挑戰(zhàn)，這樣一種有秩序的狀態(tài)就稱作“國家”，而“法律”就是維持國家存在的規(guī)則，時(shí)間伴隨著這些由法律和秩序建立起來的安寧和平靜，在時(shí)間的流逝中，經(jīng)過了數(shù)世紀(jì)的進(jìn)化，人類終于進(jìn)入了探索他自己所在的星系的時(shí)刻，只有人類在所有的生物中的進(jìn)化能被視為進(jìn)步。當(dāng)社會發(fā)生變革時(shí)，每個(gè)人在其所生活的大群體中的價(jià)值和權(quán)力都會增加，個(gè)人價(jià)值在人類群體從部落漸漸變成文明社會時(shí)并未減少，它反而成了統(tǒng)治所有人的法令的指導(dǎo)。

【答案】Orderwascausedbytheneedanddesiretosurvivethechallengeoftheenvironment.Thisorderlyconditioncalledthe"state",andtherolesthatmaintainedit,file"law".Withtimethepartnertothistranquility,manmarchedacrossthecenturiesofhisevolutiontothebrinkofexploringtheboundariesofhisowngalaxy.Ofalllivingorganisms,onlymanhasthecapacitytointerprethisownevolutionasprogress.Associallifechanged,theworthandrightsofeachmemberinthelargergroup,ofwhichhewasapart,increased.Asthegroupsgrewfromclanstocivilizations,thevalueoftheindividualdidnotdiminish,butbecameinsteadaguidetotherulesthatgovernallmen.

11.單選題

“Betterlatethannever”isa（

）thatisveryfamiliartomostEnglishspeakers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plaudit

B.plenary

C.plenty

D.platitude

【答案】D

【解析】plaudit喝彩，贊美；plenary全體會議；plenty大量，充足；platitude陳詞濫調(diào)。句意：“遲做總比不做好”是大多數(shù)說英語的人都很熟悉的陳詞濫調(diào)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

TheworkersofspaceshuttleDiscoverygotintothebackoftheshuttletolookfor_______intheelectronicsthatsenddatafromthesensorstoonboardcomputers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glitches

B.suspects

C.orbiters

D.pitches

【答案】A

【解析】glitch失靈，小故障；suspect嫌疑犯；orbiter盤旋物，人造衛(wèi)星；pitch斜度。句意：航天飛機(jī)“發(fā)現(xiàn)者”號上的工作人員們進(jìn)入飛機(jī)的后部，尋找將數(shù)據(jù)從傳感器發(fā)送到機(jī)載計(jì)算機(jī)上的電子設(shè)備的故障。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Torontoissome475kminthenorthwestofNewYork,whileVancouver,only200kmfromSeattle,isevenclosertoamajorAmericancity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.issome475

B.inthenorthwestof

C.whileVancouver,only200

D.evenclosertoamajorAmericancity

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】B

【解析】介詞誤用。去掉in,此處表示位于西北方向（一般用tothenorthwestofsomewhere）,shi大致方向,并非指具體位置。

14.單選題

______mapthatdatedbacktoabout3,000B.C.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theoldestknown

B.Itwastheoldestknown

C.Knownastheoldest

D.Knowntobetheoldest

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處缺少主語。It做主語，was是謂語動詞，theoldestknownmap是表語，datedbacktoabout3000B.C.做map的后置定語。句意：這是已知最古老的地圖，大約可以追溯到公元前3000年。因此只有B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Theclockworksallthetimeevenwhentherearenooutsidesignstomarkthepassingoftime.Thebiologicalclocktellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway.Andittellsanimalswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Itcontrolsbodytemperature,thereleaseofsomehormonesandevendreams.Thesenaturaldailyeventsarecircadianrhythms.

Manhasknownaboutthemforthousandsofyears.Butthefirstscientificobservationofcircadianrhythmswasnotmadeuntil1729.InthatyearFrenchastronomer,Jean-Jac-quesd“OrtousMairan”,notedthatoneofhisplantsopeneditsleavesatthesametimeeverymorning,andclosedthematthesametimeeverynight.Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime.Laterscientistswonderedaboutcircadianrhythmsinhumans.Theylearnedthatman’sbiologicalclockactuallykeepstimewithadayofalittlelessthan25hoursinsteadofthe24hoursonaman-madeclock.AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks.Thepeopleinhisexperimentsareshutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness.ThelaboratoryisintheMontefloreHospitalinNewYorkCity.Ithastwolivingareaswiththreesmallroomsineach.Thewindowsarecovered,sonosunlightormoonlightcomesin.Therearenoradiosortelevisionreceivers.Thereisacontrolroombetweenthelivingareas.Itcontainscomputers,one-waycamerasandotherelectronicdevicesforobservingthepersoninthelivingarea.Theinstrumentsmeasureheartbeat,bodytemperature,hormonesintheblood,othersubstancesintheurineandbrainwavesduringsleep.Adoctorormedicaltechnicianisondutyinthecontrolroom24hoursadayduringanexperiment.Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis.Inthefirstfouryearsofresearch,Dr.Weitzmanandhisassistanthaveobserved16menbetweentheagesof21and80.Themenremainedinthelaboratoryforaslongassixmonths.Lastmonth,asciencereporterforTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper,DavaSobol,becamethefirstwomantotakepartintheexperiment.Sheenteredthelaboratoryon13thandstayedfor25days.MissSobolwrotereportsabouttheexperimentduringthattime,whichwerepublishedinthenewspaper.

26.Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein____.

27.Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplantmaintaineditsopening-and-closingcycles____.

28.Thesentence“Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms”(Paragraph2)probablymeans____.

29.IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhoisondutydoesnotworkthesametimeeachday____.

30.WhatisMr.Weitzman’sultimatepurposeofestablishingalaboratory?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theregulationofbodytemperature

B.thesecretionofhormones

C.animalreproduction

D.manyaspectsofplantandanimalphysiology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.evenwhenitwaskeptinamurkyplaceallday

B.evenifitwasplacedinthemoonlight

C.evenwhenhewasobservingitfromadarkplace

D.evenduringthenighttime

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanleadtheirdailylivesaccordingtotheirbiologicalclocks,withoutreferringtoaman-madeclock

B.Theycanlistentothewonderfulrhythmsofthebiologicalclockandlive