考研考博-英語-臺州科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臺州科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Pleasecheckthecopy______theoriginalbeforehandingin.

問題1選項

A.with

B.against

C.over

D.AandB

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。checksth.against/withsth.表示“對照某物核對某物”，為固定搭配。根據(jù)thecopy與theoriginal可知此處表示“對照原件核對該復(fù)印件”，因此選D。句意：交上來之前請把復(fù)印件和原件核對一下。

2.單選題

Onlywhenchildrenmake___effortscantheybecomesuccessful.

問題1選項

A.arduous

B.adequate

C.affluent

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項arduous“努力的；費力的；險峻的”；B選項adequate“充足的（能滿足需要的，不強調(diào)富余）；適當(dāng)?shù)模粍偃蔚摹?；C選項affluent“富裕的；豐富的（有很多錢和良好的生活水平）；流暢的”；D選項abundant“豐富的；充裕的；盛產(chǎn)的（著重某物極為豐富有或大量的供應(yīng)）”。句意：只有當(dāng)孩子們做出足夠的努力，他們才能成功。本句表達“足夠的努力”，因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Thetownisfamousforitsmagnificenttowerbythesideoftheriver.

問題1選項

A.ancient

B.splendid

C.contemporary

D.delicate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項ancient“古代的，古老的”；B選項splendid“輝煌的，極好的”；C選項contemporary“當(dāng)代的，同齡的”；D選項delicate“精美的，雅致的”。句意：這個城鎮(zhèn)以河邊的宏偉塔而聞名。根據(jù)句意，可以看出與“宏偉的”最接近應(yīng)該是B選項，因此B選項符合題意。

4.填空題

Is（1）acarreallysuchagoodidea?Thinkofhowmuchfuelitwouldneed,andofthecostofmaintenanceandinsurance.Inthisneighborhoodyou’dprobablyhavetopayafeeto（2）itatnight.OnyoursalaryIreally（3）thatyoucan（4）it.Asafriend,Iwould（5）

youtowaituntilyourfinancialsituationimproves.

大意:買車真的是個好想法嗎？想想它需要多少油耗，維修和保養(yǎng)要多少花費。在這附近，晚上，你可能需要付費停車。以你的工資，我真懷疑你能買得起。作為朋友，我建議，等你經(jīng)濟狀況有所提高后再買。

【答案】1.buying

2.park

3.doubt

4.afford

5.advise

【解析】1.詞匯題。此處應(yīng)填一個動詞的ing形式,賓語為acar。本段講的應(yīng)該是關(guān)于“購買一輛車”。

2.詞匯題。句意:在這附近，晚上，你可能需要付費停車。因此此處填入動詞原形park。

3.詞匯題。句意:以你的工資，我真懷疑你能否買得起。

4.詞匯題。此處應(yīng)填一個動詞,而且表示“買得起”,故填afford。

5.詞匯題?？崭裉帒?yīng)填一個謂語動詞,根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容推測此處應(yīng)該是給與建議。因此填advise，advisesb.Todosth.建議某人做某事。

5.單選題

Thegovernment’sstrongactiondemonstratedits（）tocrushtherebellion.

問題1選項

A.energy

B.resistance

C.courage

D.determination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項energy“能量；精力；活力”；B選項resistance“阻力；電阻；抵抗”；C選項courage“勇氣；膽量”；D選項determination“決心”。句意：政府強有力的行動表明了它粉碎叛亂的決心。根據(jù)句中“strongaction強有力的行動”可知“決心”符合語境，因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

TheFBIkeptthehouseunderconstant______inthehopeofcapturingallthecriminalsatonetime.

問題1選項

A.cessation

B.surveillance

C.guidance

D.supervision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項cessation表示“停止，中止”，B項surveillance表示“監(jiān)督，（對犯罪嫌疑人或可能發(fā)生犯罪的地方的）監(jiān)視”，C項guidance表示“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)”，D項supervision表示“監(jiān)督，管理”，指活動或行動過程中的監(jiān)督，尤指批判性地指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞FBI（聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“監(jiān)視”符合語境。句意：聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局不斷監(jiān)視這所房子，希望能一次性抓獲所有罪犯。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

7.單選題

Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfilsevensomeofitsmedicalpromise.

Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.

Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear.Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.

Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthencorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventiongenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.

Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofhumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.”

1.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.

2.Thechiefpurposeofgeneengineeringisto______.

3.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.

4.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.

5.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.

問題1選項

A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebate

B.geneengineeringfailstofulfilsomeofitsmedicalpromises

C.geneengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearch

D.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall

問題2選項

A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffects

B.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgeneration

C.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases

D.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill

問題3選項

A.actualworkongeneengineeringhasbeenunderway

B.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtask

C.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbright

D.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata

問題4選項

A.ethicalproblemsinvolved

B.abnormalgenestobealtered

C.thecodeoflifetobesearchedfor

D.protectinghealthygenes

問題5選項

A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepast

B.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfuture

C.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfuture

D.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.（潛在的獎勵肯定是閃閃發(fā)光的。在遙遠的將來，通過將遺傳疾病一勞永逸地從基因庫中剔除，也就是所謂的基因工程，就有可能防止遺傳疾病。隨著時間的推移，基因測試使人們能夠選擇合適的治療方法和生活方式來戰(zhàn)勝疾病。在這兩者之間，還有更誘人的前景：數(shù)以千計的新藥可以治療以前無法治療的疾??；為個人量身定制的藥物，副作用少得多，能夠替換有缺陷的基因，從源頭上消除疾病。）”，由此可知題干中potentialprizescertainlyglitter的意思是真正的工程必將被證明是一項富有成效的研究，即它可以治療遺傳疾病，所以C選項“真正的工程必將被證明是一項富有成效的研究”符合題意。A選項“追尋人類的生命密碼肯定會引發(fā)很多爭論”；B選項“真正的工程沒有履行一些醫(yī)療承諾”以及D選項“基因研究的潛在回報實際上被證明是很小的”文章都沒有提及，因此C選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgenuineengineering.（在遙遠的將來，通過將遺傳疾病一勞永逸地從基因庫中剔除，也就是所謂的基因工程，就有可能防止遺傳疾病。）”，由此可知基因工程的主要目的是防止有缺陷的基因遺傳給下一代，B選項“防止有缺陷的基因傳遞給下一代”更符合題意。A選項“開發(fā)適合每個人的副作用更少的藥物”；C選項“為以前無法治療的疾病開發(fā)藥物”；D選項“找出治療絕癥的最佳療法”。因此B選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段第一句話“Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.（但美國國家人類基因組研究所所長弗朗西斯?柯林斯博士表示，將堿基對數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為新療法的黃金數(shù)據(jù)的工作已經(jīng)開始。）”，再聯(lián)系下文可知，基因工程正在實施中，因此A選項“基因工程的實際工作正在進行中”符合題意。B選項“擺脫有缺陷的基因被證明是一項艱巨的任務(wù)”和C選項“找到新療法的前景似乎很光明”不能從該句子體現(xiàn)出；根據(jù)第三段以及第四段“Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear...Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.（我記錄了一年中發(fā)現(xiàn)的與人類疾病有關(guān)的基因……私營公司也梳理了數(shù)據(jù)，尋找與糖尿病、哮喘、牛皮癬和偏頭痛有關(guān)的基因。）”可知文章只提到弗朗西斯?柯林斯博士和私營公司在收集人類基因組數(shù)據(jù)，并沒有提到研究人員，因此D選項“研究人員已經(jīng)開始收集人類基因組數(shù)據(jù)”說法錯誤。因此A選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段的最后一句話“However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.（然而，只有在處理了重大倫理保留意見和對可能出現(xiàn)的意外結(jié)果的安全擔(dān)憂之后，才允許對生命守則進行這種不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的干預(yù)。）”，由此可知在試圖干預(yù)人類基因時應(yīng)注意倫理以及安全問題，所以A選項“涉及的道德問題”符合題意。B選項“被改變的異?；颉保籆選項“尋找生命的密碼”；D選項“保護健康基因”均不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)珀維斯博士所說“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.（可能在很長一段時間以后，但這是基于人類相當(dāng)傲慢的觀點，即它會理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切——而我們過去從未這樣做過。）”可知人們需要在很長一段時間后，并且是基于很傲慢的觀點才會理解他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以D選項“可能并不理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切”符合題意。A選項“比過去更傲慢”曲解了文意；B選項“在不久的將來能檢測到所有的疾病”出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段“IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.（有人認(rèn)為，一個勇敢的新世界正在等待著我們，在這個世界里，所有的疾病都可以通過每天將口腔拭子插入浴室櫥柜里的DNA讀取器來監(jiān)測。）”，此處只是說有些人認(rèn)為、有意見認(rèn)為，并沒有絕對地說人類將來能監(jiān)測到所有疾病，因此B選項錯誤；C選項“了解我們的過去勝過了解我們的將來”在珀維斯博士所說的話中沒有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Whenwedrovealong,wesawheavywispsofsmokefromfactorychimneys（）upintotheair.

問題1選項

A.ascending

B.fluctuating

C.spiraling

D.charging

【答案】A

【解析】ascendupinto...為固定搭配，表示“上升，升向”。這里指煙囪里的煙升向天空，選項A正確。

9.單選題

Becausemytoothwasbadlydecayed,thedentisthadto（

）it.

問題1選項

A.extricate

B.exterminate

C.eradicate

D.extract

【答案】D

【解析】句意:因為我的蛀牙很嚴(yán)重,牙醫(yī)不得不拔掉它。

考查形近詞辨析。Extricate使解脫,解救;exterminate消滅,根除;eradicate鏟除;extract拔出,拔(牙)。

10.單選題

Thecommonexperienceofhavinganameorwordonthetipofthetongueseemsrelatedtospecificperceptualattributes.Inparticular,peoplewhoreportthetip-of-the-tonguefeelingtendtoidentifytheword'sfirstletterandnumberofsyllableswithanaccuracythatfarexceedsmereguessing.Thereisevidencethatthemindmayencodedataaboutwheninformationwaslearnedandabouthowoftenithasbeenexperienced.Somememoriesseemtoembracespatialinformation;e.g.,oneremembersaparticularnewsitemtobeonthelowerright-handsideofthefrontpageofanewspaper.Researchindicatesthattherateofforgettingvariesfordifferentattributes.Forexample,memoriesinwhichauditoryattributesseemdominanttendtobemorerapidlyforgottenthanthosewithminimalacousticcharacteristics.

Ifadesignated(target)memoryconsistsofacollectionofattributes,itsrecallorretrievalshouldbeenhancedbyanycuethatindicatesoneoftheattributes.Forexample,onfailingtorecallthetermhorse(includedinalisttheyhavejustseen),peoplemaybeaskedifanassociatedterm(say,barnorzebra)helpsthemrecalltheword.Whilesomeadditionalrecallhasbeenobservedwiththiskindofhelp,failuresarecommonevenwithostensiblyrelevantcues.Thoughitispossiblethatthecuesfrequentlyareappropriate,nevertheless,ifwordswerenotlearned(encodedorstored)withaccompanyingattributes,cuingofanykindsshouldbeineffective.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatallencodedwordsare（

）.

3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormentionasacauseforforgetting?

5.Whichisnotmentionedasatendencyamongpeoplewhoencountertip-of-the-tongueexperience?

問題1選項

A.Wordsthatareonlyheardareeasilyforgotten

B.Thebrainalwaysremembersthemomentwordsarefirstlearned

C.Auditorycuesaremorehelpfulthanspatialcues

D.Uncommonwordsarenormallyrememberedwithvisualcues

問題2選項

A.rememberedwithouthelp

B.learnedwithoutcues

C.storedwithattributes

D.forgottenifnotused

問題3選項

A.Howapersonrememberswords

B.Theoriginoftheexpression‘"tip-of-the-tongue”

C.Howapersonusesnewwords

D.Howcuesareusedtopronouncewords

問題4選項

A.Theneedformoreprecisespatialinformation

B.Thecreationofostensiblyrelevantcues

C.Thelearningofwordswithoutcorrespondingattributes

D.Theuseofinappropriateauditorycues

問題5選項

A.Knowingthenumberofsyllablesinaword

B.Rememberingwherewordswereseen

C.Knowingthefirstletteroftheword

D.Recognizingthewordwhenheard

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。A:聽到的言語信息很容易被忘記,第一段指出:Forexample,memoriesinwhichauditoryattributesseemdominanttendtobemorerapidlyforgottenthanthosewithminimalacousticcharacteristics(相比聽覺屬性占最少優(yōu)勢的那些記憶，聽覺屬性占優(yōu)勢的記憶傾向于更快速地被忘記),故A項與原文不符。B:人的大腦一直記憶單詞被首先知曉的瞬間,第一段指出:Thereisevidencethatthemindmayencodedataaboutwheninformationwaslearnedandabouthowoftenithasbeenexperienced(有證據(jù)表明人的大腦可能編碼有關(guān)信息何時被知曉和多久一次被經(jīng)歷的數(shù)據(jù)),故B正確。C:聽覺線索比空間線索更有幫助,D:不常見的單詞一般通過視覺線索被記憶,文章并未提及。

2.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Thecommonexperienceofhavinganameorwordonthetipofthetongueseemsrelatedtospecificperceptualattributes(差點想起一個名字或言詞的常見經(jīng)歷似乎和特定的感知屬性相關(guān)),Researchindicatesthattherateofforgettingvariesfordifferentattributes(研究表明，遺忘的頻率根據(jù)屬性的不同而變化),由此可知C項“被帶著屬性地儲存”正確。

3.主旨大意題。文章主要討論了“人怎樣記憶言詞”。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:ifwordswerenotlearned（encodedorstored）withaccompanyingattributes,cuingofanykindsshouldbeineffective(如果言詞沒有在帶著伴隨的屬性情況下被知曉（被編碼或儲存），那么任何種類的線索提示應(yīng)該是無效的),由此可知C“沒有對應(yīng)屬性的學(xué)習(xí)言詞”正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。A:知曉言詞的音節(jié)數(shù),C:知曉言詞的第一個字母,第一段指出:Inparticular,peoplewhoreportthetip-of-the-tonguefeelingtendtoidentifytheword'sfirstletterandnumberofsyllableswithanaccuracythatfarexceedsmereguessing(特別地,說自己有差點想起感覺的人傾向于以遠超單純猜測的準(zhǔn)確性去辨認(rèn)出言詞的第一個字母和其音節(jié)數(shù)),因此A,B在文中被提及。B:記憶言詞在哪里被看見,第一段指出:Somememoriesseemtoembracespatialinformation;e.g.,oneremembersaparticularnewsitemtobeonthelowerright-handsideofthefrontpageofanewspaper(—些記憶貌似包含空間信息，如一個人記得一個特定的新聞內(nèi)容位于報紙頭版右手邊較低位置),由此可知B項被提及。故選D“識別聽見的言詞”。

11.單選題

Little（

）howhappyIhadbeen.

問題1選項

A.shehadrealized

B.didsherealize

C.sherealized

D.hassherealized

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)否定詞little位于句首時后面的句子要進行主謂倒裝，且由句中關(guān)鍵詞“hadbeen（過去完成時態(tài)）”的對應(yīng)知這里應(yīng)用一般過去時態(tài)，故B項“didherealize”正確。

12.單選題

Wehaveinvested（

）￡80,000inthisproject,buttillnowthereisnohopeforustogetapennyback.

問題1選項

A.subsequently

B.unexpectedly

C.approximately

D.reluctantly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。subsequently“隨后”；unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；approximately“大約”；reluctantly“不情愿地”。句意：盡管我們已在這個項目上投資了大約8萬英鎊，但是直到現(xiàn)在我們拿回一分錢的希望都沒有。C項最符合句意，故答案C

13.單選題

Robertsaysheboughtthesebooksina.

問題1選項

A.disposal

B.bargain

C.reduction

D.sale

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項disposaln.處理，支配；B選項bargainn.交易，便宜貨，契約；C選項reductionn.減少，下降；D選項salen.銷售，出售，拍賣，廉價出售。根據(jù)句意可知，Robert說這些書都是打折時候買的。因此，D項是正確答案。

14.單選題

Asateenager.Iwas（

）byablindpassionforafilmstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.

問題1選項

A.pursued

B.seduced

C.consumed

D.guaranteed

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。pursue“從事”；seduce“誘惑”；consume“消費”；guarantee“保證，擔(dān)?！薄＞湟猓鹤鳛榍嗌倌?，我曾對生活中見不到的電影明星產(chǎn)生盲目的熱情。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Basicresearchprovidesthe（

）fundofscientificknowledge,onwhichtheappliedresearchersdrawtogivesocietyarichrateofinterest.

問題1選項

A.capital

B.endowed

C.enhanced

D.initiative

【答案】A

【解析】句意:基礎(chǔ)研究為科學(xué)知識提供了資本基金，應(yīng)用研究人員從中提取資本基金后以高利率回報社會。

形容詞辨析。Capitalfund資本基金;endowedfund捐助基金;enhancedfund增強型基金;initiativefund項目基金。因此A符合句意。

16.單選題

Withoutapropereducation,peoplecould（）allkindsofcrimes.

問題1選項

A.conduct

B.stoop

C.commit

D.sweat

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。conduct“組織，實施”；stoop“辱沒，墮落”；commit“犯罪”；sweat“出汗”。commitcrimes犯罪，故C項正確。句意：如果沒有接受合適的教育，人們可能會進行各種犯罪活動。

17.單選題

（）asplanneddependsontheweather.

問題1選項

A.We'llgoontheexcursion

B.Thatwe'llgoontheexcursion

C.Howwe'llgoontheexcursion

D.Whetherwe'llgoontheexcursion

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語從句。原句表示，我們是否能按計劃出去郊游取決于天氣。因此本題正確答案為D選項。

18.單選題

Becauseofhisnobleorigin,heclaimed,hewas（）toasocialpositionhighabovethoseofthecommons.

問題1選項

A.provided

B.credited

C.granted

D.entitled

【答案】C

【解析】beprovided被提供；tobecreditedto相信,把...歸功于；begrantedto被授予；有權(quán)；beentitledto有…的資格。句意：他聲稱自己由于出身高貴被授予比一般人高的社會地位。選項C符合句意。

19.單選題

Alcoholismanddrugaddictionhasalreadyreachedepidemicproportionsinthe21stCentury.Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutaddictionisthatitonlyaffectscertaingroupswithinsociety:forexamplethatpoorpeoplefrompoorneighborhoodsandethnicminoritiesaremorelikelytobeaddictedtoalcoholanddrugs.Thetruthishoweverthataddictionisblindtorace,colorandsocio-economicbackground.Anotherfactisthatdrugandalcoholrelatedcrimesareincreasingallovertheworld.

Therearemanyreasonswhyapersonmightfirsttrydrugs.Someofthesemightincludepeerpressurefromfriends,stressandpersonalitycharacteristics.Peopletakedrugsandalcoholbecauseoftheelevatingorrelaxingeffectstheyhaveonthebodyotherwisepeoplewouldn’ttaketheminthefirstplace.

Butasthepersondevelopsahabit,thechemistryofthebrainstartstochangeandadapt,demandingmoreandmoreofthedrugasitresiststhediscomfortofwithdrawal.Thepersonbecomesanaddictandtheinitialmasonsfortakingthedrugsoonpaleinsignificanceastheneedfordrugsandoralcoholbeginstodominateeveryaspectoftheaddict’slife.Addictionsarelifelongillnessesthatareveryhardtotreat.Thedisturbingfactisthat1/3rdofpatientswhodoreceivetreatmentusuallyrelapsewithinoneyear.

Manyscientistsbelievethataddictionisrelatedtoourmostbasicinstinct,survival.Sincethebeginningoftimeourbrainhasevolvedtoensurethesurvivalofourspecies.Thebraincontrolsbehaviorbyrewardingactionsthatwillensuresurvivalofthespecies.Forexample,theintakeofnutrientssuchassugarsandfatsactivatetastereceptorsthatinturnactivatebrainrewardmechanisms.Theactivationofthesemechanismsproducescertainchangesintheindividualrangingfrombeinginamuchbettermoodtointensepleasureandeuphoria.Wearefarmorelikelytocontinuetoseekoutandeatthesenutrientsbecausethebrainrewardsusfortakingthenutrientsintothebodybyreleasingchemicalsthatmakeusfeelgood.

Theproblemliesinthefactthattheserewardsystemsdonotonlyrewardtheintakeofharmlesssubstancessuchassugarsandfats.Somechemicalsactivatebrainrewardsystemsdirectly,bypassingthesensoryreceptorsmediatingnaturalrewards.Caffeine,alcoholandnicotineallactivatebrainrewardmechanismsdirectly.

Butotherfarmoreharmfuldrugssuchasheroine,crackandcocainearebetteratactivatingbrainrewardsystems,producingafarmorepowerfuleffectcomparedtoafeelingofcalmnessorrelaxationaftereatingagoodnutritiousmeal.Theactivationismuchmoreintensecausingtheindividualtocravethedrugandtofocustheiractivitiesaroundtakingthedrug.Theabilityofaddictivedrugstostronglyactivatebrainrewardmechanismsandtheirabilitytochemicallyalterthenormalfunctioningofthesesystemscanproduceanaddiction.Howeversomepeoplebecomeaddictedwhileothersdonot.

Manypeopledrinkalcoholorsmokecannabisorevencocaineandotherillegaldrugsbutthisdoesnotnecessarilymakethemaddictsandnotalladdictshavethesameintensityofaddiction.Ithasbeenestimatedthatapproximately10%ofanypopulationofanycountrywilltendtohaveanaddictivenatureandbecomeaddictsofsomekind.Itistruethatthoughthatsomeraces,notablyNativeAmericanIndiansandEskimos,dotendtohavehigherratesofaddictionthanothersforreasonsthatarenotfullyunderstood.Itisalsotruethatpeoplewhobecomeaddictsmaybehighlyintelligentandbeextremelymotivatedbutareunabletocontroltheiraddiction.Addictionisbynomeansdependentonintelligence.Someofthemostskilledandintelligentpeoplemightbecomeaddictseventhoughtheyarefullyawareofthedetrimentalnatureofcontinuingtotakedrugsoralcohol.

Thefactisthatstillwedonotknowwhysomepeoplebecomeaddictsandothersdonotalthoughtherearemanytheoriesthatreasonthatsomepeoplesimplyhavean“addictivepersonalitytype”—beingfarmoresusceptibletotherewardmechanismthatproducesaddiction—whileothersstillbelievethatitistheaddicts’lackofwillpowertorefrainfromtakingdrugsoralcohol.Thebiggestkillerthoughisaperson’sdenialofhisorhercondition,thattheybelievethattheydonothaveaproblem,donotseekhelpbutinsteadcontinuetheabuseuntiltheyhaveeitherlosteverythingordieasthebodycannotcopeandeventuallyshutsdown.

1.Inparagraph1,thewordmisconceptionsisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whoismostlikelytobecomeaddictedtodrugsand/oralcohol?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,mostpeoplefirsttrydrugs,andalcoholbecause（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whymighttherebeaprobleminthebrain’snaturalrewardsystem?

5.Inparagraph7,thewordintensityisclosestinmeaningto（）.

問題1選項

A.unprovedstatistics

B.wrongideas

C.truth

D.apprehension

問題2選項

A.Onlypeoplewhohavethefinancialmeanstobuydrugsandalcohol.

B.Usuallyonlycriminals.

C.Addictiondoesnothaveapreference.

D.Anyonewhotriesdrugsandalcoholisimmediatelyaddicted.

問題3選項

A.thereisnorealreason,itjusthappens

B.theyneedtoforgetaboutstress

C.everyonedoesit

D.peoplehavedifferentreasons

問題4選項

A.Becausecaffeineisdangerousandstimulatesourmetabolism.

B.Peoplewillbecomeinstantlyaddictedtonicotine.

C.Someharmfulsubstancescanfoolthebrainintothinkingtheyaregood.

D.Somepeoplearenaturallymoreaddictivetodrugsalcoholthanothers.

問題5選項

A.euphoria

B.level

C.result

D.desire

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推測題。定位到文章第一段，Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutaddictionisthatitonlyaffectscertaingroupswithinsociety（關(guān)于成癮最大的誤解之一是，它只影響社會中的某些群體），wrongideas（錯誤的想法）與misconception（誤解）意思最為接近，unprovedstatistics未經(jīng)證實的統(tǒng)計，真相事實，apprehension贊賞，因此選項B正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位到文章第一段Thetruthishoweverthataddictionisblindtorace,colorandsocio-economicbackground（然而，事實是，上癮是無視種族，膚色和社會經(jīng)濟背景的），意思就是上癮和經(jīng)濟、犯罪等是沒有直接關(guān)系的，而Addictiondoesnothaveapreference（上癮是沒有偏好的）與原文表達意義相近，因此C選項符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。定位到文章第二段，Someofthesemightincludepeerpressurefromfriends,stressandpersonalitycharacteristics.（其中一些可能包括來自朋友的同輩壓力，壓力和個性特征）表明每個人都是有不同原因的，因此選項D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。定位到文章第五段，Theproblemliesinthefactthattheserewardsystemsdonotonlyrewardtheintakeofharmlesssubstancessuchassugarsandfats.Somechemicalsactivatebrainrewardsystemsdirectly,bypassingthesensoryreceptorsmediatingnaturalrewards.Caffeine,alcoholandnicotineallactivatebrainrewardmechanismsdirectly.（問題在于，這些獎勵系統(tǒng)不僅獎勵攝入無害的物質(zhì)，如糖和脂肪。一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)直接激活大腦的獎勵系統(tǒng)，繞過調(diào)節(jié)自然獎勵的感覺感受器?？Х纫?，酒精和尼古丁都能直接激活大腦的獎勵機制）表明人類的大腦獎勵系統(tǒng)不能夠準(zhǔn)確地識別攝入物質(zhì)是否有害，因此選項C符合題意。

5.定位到文章第七段，…h(huán)avethesameintensityofaddiction…有相同上癮的程度，intensity意為程度，與level意義最為相近，因此選項B符合題意。

20.單選題

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople（

）harmthem.

問題1選項

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.betterthan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:發(fā)展核科學(xué)是給人們造福，而不是危害人們。

短語辨析。Morethan多于，超出;otherthan除了;betterthan超過，多于;ratherthan而不是。故選D。

21.單選題

Sincenoonecould()hisscribbling,thechiefeditordecidedtoreplacehimwithanothercolumnist.

問題1選項

A.encode

B.decipher

C.clear

D.identify

【答案】B

22.單選題

Thenewly-builtapartmentiswell______.

問題1選項

A.ventilated

B.meditated

C.irritated

D.evaluated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項ventilate“使通風(fēng)，給……裝通風(fēng)設(shè)備”，B項meditate“考慮，計劃，企圖”，C項irritate“刺激，使興奮，激怒”，D項evaluate“評價，估價”。由主語newly-builtapartment（新建的公寓）可知，空格處填入“通風(fēng)”符合語境。句意：這座新建的公寓通風(fēng)良好。因此，該題選擇A項。

23.單選題

Frenchareelegantpeople.Theyareartistsineverydaylife,havingaverygoodtasteineverything.Theydon'tlikeAmericantouristswearingjeanstogointotheirluxuriousandexquisitefive-starrestaurants.Sooneoftherestaurantsputanoticeoutsideitsfrontdoor.Itread“Notrousers,please!”

AgourmetcoffeewassoldinTokyoasanantidotetostress.Itsnamesupposedlymeanttopeoplethatitwouldsmooththetroubledbreast.YetwhenitwasprintedinEnglish,itturnedouttobe“EaseYourBosoms”.

SwedesstartedapromotionstunttopromotethesalesoftheirvacuumcleanernamedElectro.Theiroriginaladsloganwastranslatedas“NothingsucksLikeElectro”.

TheGeneralMotors'sellingofChevroletwasverybadinSouthAmerica.Andthereason?Thetranslationofthisbrandsoundslike“nova”,whichmeans“Itdoesn'tgo”inSpanish.

WhenPepsi-colainvadedthehugeChineseandGermanmarkets,theeffortsinitiallyfizzled.Theproduct'sslogan,“ComealivewiththePepsigeneration,”wasrenderedintoGermanas“comeoutofthegravewithPepsi.”Coca-ColaalsodiscoveredsomethinghadgonewronginTaiwan.TheChinesecharacterschosenfortheworld-famousproductsoundlike“BitetheWaxTadpole.”

Abeercompany’sslogan“Turnitloose”became,inSpanish,equivalentto“sufferfromdiarrhea.”

AcompanytranslateditsstickytapesloganintoJapaneseandcameupwithastickyproblem.

Theslogan“Stickslikecrazy”becameliterally“itsticksfoolishly”inJapanese.

AtonicproducedinChinaismadeofroyaljellyandissupposedtobeveryeffectiveforsomechronicdiseases.Yetitwastranslatedas“oralliquid”,whichmeans“saliva”inEnglish.Inthebrochure,itwasdescribedinthisway:“ittasteslikemedicine”,whenthelanguageintheoriginalmeanttouseitasafoodtherapy.

Eventhewrongnonverbalcuecanbringhavoctoaproduct.AbabyfoodcompanyinitiallypackagedtheirAfricanproductsjustthesameasintheUS—withacutebabypictureonthejar.Theydidn'trealizethatbecausesomanyAfricanscannotread,nearlyallpackagedproductssoldinAfricacarrypicturesofwhatisinside.Pureedbaby!Howhorrible!

InanAsiancity,wheretrafficisreallyverybad,tosecurepeople'ssafety,themunicipalgovernmenthasbuiltundergroundpassageways.Pedestriansareaskedtousethemwhenevertheyneedtocrossthemainstreet.Asignwaspostedonceontheroadside,pointingtotheentrancetoanundergroundpassageway,intendingtonotifyEnglish-speakingpassengers,“Gounderground.”

Wechuckledatsuchcl