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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Childhoodmemoirsoftengaintheirpoignancythroughasenseofdisplacement:eachlessonisaccompaniedbyalossof().

問題1選項

A.perspective

B.innocence

C.permission

D.veracity

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:童年記憶經(jīng)常由于取代感而更加哀傷,每一次教訓都伴隨著

的丟失。

perspective洞察力,看法;innocence純潔,純真;permission允許,許可;veracity誠實,真實。故選B。

2.單選題

Ifyou(

)someone,youfeelgreatadmirationandloveforthem.

問題1選項

A.advocate

B.adjoin

C.adore

D.addict

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項advocate“擁護”;B選項adjoin“毗鄰,連接”;C選項adore“崇拜,愛慕”;D選項addict“沉迷”。

句意:如果你崇拜一個人,你會欽佩和愛戴他。根據(jù)下文的“admirationandlove”可知選項C最為恰當。

3.單選題

______atinthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodesperate.

問題1選項

A.Looking

B.Looked

C.Beinglooked

D.Tolook

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。邏輯主語thesituation與look之間為動賓關系,表示被動,前面部分完整的表達為thesituationislookedatinthisway,故用動詞的過去分詞作狀語,因此選B。句意:從這個角度看,情況似乎并不那么絕望。

4.單選題

SevenWaystoSavetheWorldForgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial-ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame-orbetter-resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRomertocutcostsathisfamily-ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout£100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis£90,000fuelandpowerbillby£60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”

Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.

Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGeorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconservationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.

Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact:

Insulate

Spaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout(orviceversa).Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.

ChangeBulbs

Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.

Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLs,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.

ComfortZone

Waterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummer,thesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingsaswell.

MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmost1millionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.

RemakeFactories

Fromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany£200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizingenergyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJurgenHambrecht.

GreenDriving

Aquarteroftheworld’senergy—includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated.Gasoline-electrichybridmodelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.

ABetterFridge

Morethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances,producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent.

FlexiblePayment

Whosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestments?“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofittinginreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings,InBeijing,ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.

Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?Ithastodowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsavings.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.

Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.

Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.

Willitbeenough?Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.

1.Whatissaidtobethebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?

2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?

3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto____.

4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?

5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby____.

6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves200millionayearby____.

7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif____.

問題1選項

A.Raisingefficiency.

B.Cuttingunnecessarycosts.

C.Findingalternativeresources.

D.Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.

問題2選項

A.Diversifyenergysupply.

B.Reducecarbonemissions.

C.Cutenergyconsumption.

D.Raiseproductionefficiency.

問題3選項

A.improveyouworkenvironment

B.getridofair-conditioners

C.cutyourutilitybillsbyhalf

D.enjoymuchbetterhealth

問題4選項

A.Asmallportion.

B.Some40percent.

C.Almosthalf.

D.75to80percent.

問題5選項

A.upgradingtheequipment

B.encouraginginvestments

C.providingsubsidies

D.implementinghigh-tech

問題6選項

A.reducingtheCO2emissions

B.settingupfactoriesinChina

C.usingthenewesttechnology

D.recyclingheatandenergyofitsplants

問題7選項

A.weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipes

B.wechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliances

C.wecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

D.wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:D

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干“現(xiàn)在節(jié)約能源最好的方法是什么”,可定位到原文第1段第2句Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame-orbetter-resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.(如今,節(jié)約能源就是提高使用效率:使用少量的能源得到同樣的效果,或者更好的效果。)由此可知,現(xiàn)在節(jié)約能源的方法是提高能源使用效率,A選項“提高效率”,符合原文。原文第1段第1句Forgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial-ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.(忘記舊的觀念:節(jié)約能源是一種自我否定的形式——騎自行車,調(diào)暗燈光,少洗澡。)由此可知,B選項“減少不必要的消耗”、C選項“尋找替代資源”、D選項“犧牲一些個人舒適”對應的都是以前節(jié)約能源的觀念,排除。因此,本題最佳選項為A。

2.事實細節(jié)題。題干“歐盟計劃做什么”,可定位到原文第3段第2句theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.(歐盟公布了一項計劃,到2020年將整個歐洲大陸的能源使用量減少20%。)由此可知,歐盟計劃減少整個歐洲大陸的能源使用,C選項“降低能源消耗”,符合原文。A選項“能源供應多元化”、B選項“減少碳排放”、D選項“提高生產(chǎn)效率”,均未提及。因此,本題最佳選項為C。

3.事實細節(jié)題。題干“如果你給你的房子添加足夠的隔熱材料,你也許可以____”,可定位到原文Insulate小節(jié),第4句Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.(最先進的隔熱材料遵循收益遞增的規(guī)律:如果你增加了足夠多的隔熱材料,你就可以按比例減少甚至取消供暖和空調(diào)設備,甚至在你開始節(jié)省水電費之前就降低了成本。)B選項“擺脫空調(diào)”,表述與原文一致;C選項“減少一半的水電費”,原文并未明確指出可以減少一半的水電費,排除;A、D選項可定位到本小節(jié)最后一句Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.(研究表明,綠色工作場所(那些不需要經(jīng)常開暖氣或空調(diào)的工作場所)可以提高員工的工作效率,降低員工的發(fā)病率。)A選項“改善你的工作環(huán)境”,原文沒有提到工作環(huán)境的改善,提的是工作效率的提高,排除;D選項“享受好得多的健康狀態(tài)”,原文雖然提到了可以減少員工的發(fā)病率,但并沒有說健康狀態(tài)就會好得多,該選項屬于過度推理,排除。因此,本題最佳選項為B。

4.事實細節(jié)題。題干“多少電能是白熾燈照明消耗的”,可定位到原文ChangeBulbs小節(jié),第1句Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity(照明消耗了全世界20%的電力),第2句Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs(其中40%用于老式白熾燈泡),由此可知,白熾燈泡消耗的電能為全世界電力的8%(=20%*40%),A選項“一小部分”符合原文。B選項“幾乎一半”,沒有出處,排除;C選項“大概40%”,原文40%指的是白熾燈消耗的電能占照明消耗的電能的比例,而非占總電能的比例,排除;D選項“75%到80%”,原文指的是CFL燈比白熾燈可以少消耗的電能,與題目無關,排除。因此,本題最佳選項為A。

5.事實細節(jié)題。題干“一些國家試圖通過____來啟動熱泵市場”,可定位到原文ComfortZone小節(jié)第2段第3句Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket(一些國家已經(jīng)通過補貼來啟動市場),由此可知,一些國家通過發(fā)放補貼來啟動熱泵市場,C選項“提供補貼”,符合原文。A選項“升級設備”、B選項“鼓勵投資”、D選項“應用高科技”,原文均未提及。因此,本題最佳選項為C。

6.事實細節(jié)題。題干“德國化工巨頭BASF通過____每年節(jié)省2個億”,可定位到原文RemakeFactories小節(jié),第2、3句GermanchemicalsgiantBASF…isusedtopowerthenext.…,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany£200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.(德國化工巨頭BASF……用一個化學過程產(chǎn)生的熱量為下一個過程提供動力?!@種熱能和能源的循環(huán)利用每年就為公司節(jié)省了2個億以及近一半的二氧化碳排放量。),由此可知,BASF的錢是通過熱能和能源的循環(huán)利用節(jié)省下來的,D選項“回收工廠的熱能和能源”,表述與原文相符。A選項“減少二氧化碳的排放”和節(jié)省的2個億一樣,是結果而非原因,排除;B選項“在中國設立工廠”,可定位到該小節(jié)第4句NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.(現(xiàn)在BASF在中國的新工廠也采取了同樣的做法。)由此可知,公司的資金并不是靠在中國建立新工廠省下來的,而是想在中國的新工廠使用同樣的方法來節(jié)約資金,排除;C選項“使用最新的技術”,原文并未提及,排除。因此,本題最佳選項為D。

7.事實細節(jié)題。題干“全球居民用電量可以減少43%,如果____”,可定位到原文ABetterFridge小節(jié),最后一句AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent.(根據(jù)國際能源機構的一項研究,如果消費者能在整個電器使用過程中選擇那些最省錢的型號,他們就能減少全球居民電力消耗(以及他們的水電費)的43%。)由此可知,D選項“我們選擇最節(jié)能的型號的冰箱和其他耗電家具”表述正確。A選項“我們給墻壁和水管添加隔熱材料”,可定位到原文Insulate小節(jié),第2句There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved…(可以節(jié)省多少幾乎是沒有限制的),由此可知,選項表述不符合題意,排除;B選項“我們選擇比較簡單的電器型號”、C選項“我們減少了冰箱和其他耗電家具的使用”,原文均未提及,排除。因此,本題最佳選項為D。

5.單選題

WithanewCongressdrawingnear,DemocratsandRepublicansarebusilydesigningcompetingeconomicstimuluspackages.TheRepublicansaresuretooffertaxcuts,theDemocrats-amongotherthings—financialreliefforthestates.Thereisonemeasure,however,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed:acarefullycraftedextensionofthefederalunemploymentinsuranceprogram.TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbeforeitadjournedinNovember.TheHouseofRepresentativesrefusedtogoalong.Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress.

Oneconsequenceisthatjoblessbenefitsforanestimated780,000Americanswillabruptlystop.Tomorrow,eventhoughmostrecipientshavenotyetexhaustedtheirbenefits.PresidentBushfailedtoshowanyleadershiponthismatterduringtheNovemberCongress.Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.

That’snotenough.Thewayunemploymentinsurancetypicallyworksisthatstatesprovidelaid-offworkerswith26weeksofbenefits,followedby13weeksoffederalaid.UnderMr.Bush’sscheme,federalbenefitswouldbeextendedonlyforthosewhowerealreadyreceivingthemonDec.28.Theextensionwouldnotcoverthejoblessworkerswhowillexhausttheirregularstate-fundedbenefitsafterDec.28—anestimated95,000everyweek—butwillreceivenofederalhelpunlesstheprogramisre-authorized.BytheendofMarch,1.2millionworkerscouldfallintothiscategory.

TheSenatesawthisproblemcoming,andundertheleadershipofHillaryRodhamClintonforNewYorkandDonNicklesofOklahoma,passedabillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.TheHouse,forlargelytrivialreasons,refusedtogoalong.

BillFrist,thenewSenatemajorityleader,saysheislookingforwaystoputakinder,gentlerfaceontheRepublicanParty.PassingtheClinton-Nicklesbillwouldbeagoodwaytobegin.TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaintslastyearwasthat,at$5billion,theClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.

Theunemploymentratelastmonthstoodat6percent,thehighestsincemid-1994.Thecountrycouldusea$5billionshotinthearmrightaboutnow.Socouldalotofincreasinglydesperatepeople.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,theproposedextensionis().

7.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasoneofthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress?

8.WhomaybenefitfromtheClinton-Nicklesbill?

9.WhydidtheauthorsaytheHouse'scomplaintwasridiculous?

10.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthePresident’srequestfortheextensionanditscoverage?

問題1選項

A.whatthecomingCongressshouldreconsider

B.excludedfromtheeconomicstimuluspackages

C.areliefprogramcarefullydesignedbytheHouse

D.putforwardbybothRepublicansandDemocrats

問題2選項

A.TheHouseofRepresentativesdidnotagreeswiththeSenate.

B.Theunemploymentinsuranceextensionwasnotapproved.

C.Aboosttotheeconomywasnotprovided.

D.Relieftothoseinneedwasnotoffered.

問題3選項

A.Onlythoseenrolledinthefederalprogram.

B.Theestimated95,000unemployedworkers.

C.Justthoseexhaustingtheirstate-fundedbenefits.

D.Laid-offworkers,withorwithoutfederalbenefits.

問題4選項

A.Thereasonsitoffersarelargelyinsignificant.

B.TheClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.

C.Itstaxcutsproposalisevenmorecostly.

D.Theestimatedcostforthebillisjust$5billion.

問題5選項

A.Shortofvision

B.Lateandincomplete

C.Lackinginconsistency

D.Exhaustivebutineffective

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】6.判斷推理題。文章在第一段后半部分提到了提議的延長項目(theproposedextension)。首先,作者對這一項目持的是肯定態(tài)度,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed(有一項措施不僅能立即提振經(jīng)濟,還能立即救濟那些最需要幫助的人)說明了這一項目的好處,指出這一項目是解決兩大問題的措施;然后,作者批評了第107屆國會Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress(這是第107屆國會最大的失敗之一)。由此可以推知作者的言下之意,就是下一屆國會應當重新考慮并采納這一項目,因此A選項“即將到來的國會應該重新考慮”正確。B選項“被排除在經(jīng)濟刺激計劃之外”;C選項“由眾議院精心設計的救濟計劃”以及D選項“由共和黨和民主黨共同提出”,都是不正確的。

7.事實細節(jié)題。本題實際上考查的是對第一段最后一句中的主語it所指的理解。該段在提出提議的延長項目(theproposedextension)后指出:TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbefore...refusedtogoalong.(參議院在11月份休會之前批準了這樣一個項目??杀娮h院卻不予支持)。由此可以看出,其后一句中的it指代的就是這種參議院批準而眾議院否決該項目的情況,因此B選項“失業(yè)保險延期未獲批準”正確。A選項“眾議院不同意參議院的意見”;C選項“經(jīng)濟沒有得到提振”以及D選項“沒有向有需要的人提供救濟”都與原文不符,也無法由原文合理推知。

8.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到細節(jié)題第四段第一句abillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.(該法案將不僅涉及聯(lián)邦項目中登記的人,還包括提供13周的援助給在新的一年里那些失去國家福利的人。)可知,該法案不但覆蓋了那些已經(jīng)在聯(lián)邦項目中登記了的人,也為那些在新的一年中將失去州救濟金的人提供13周的援助。再來對照選項,D選項“失業(yè)工人,有或沒有聯(lián)邦福利”覆蓋最完整,因此正確。A選項“只有那些參加了聯(lián)邦計劃的人”;B選項“估計有95000名失業(yè)的工人”以及C選項“只有那些耗盡了國家資助的福利的人”均不完整。

9.判斷推理題。文章第五段后半部分TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaints...wastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.(眾議院也應該這樣做。眾議院去年抱怨的一個問題是,克林頓-尼克爾斯法案耗資50億美元,太昂貴了??紤]到眾議院共和黨人所考慮的減稅成本,這是荒謬的。)這一段提到了眾議院對Clinton-Nickles法案的抱怨,認為這一法案耗資太大。作者也表明了自己的看法認為它很荒唐,然后說明了原因。其言下之意很明顯:眾議院共和黨提出的減稅計劃耗資比Clinton-Nickles法案更大,故他們認為后者耗資大才顯得荒唐可笑。因此C選項“它的減稅提議代價更大”正確。A選項“它提供的理由在很大程度上是無關緊要的”;B選項“克林頓?尼克爾斯的法案太昂貴了”以及D選項“這項法案的成本估計只有50億美元”都與原文不符,也無法由原文推知。

10.判斷推理題。文章第二段最后一句Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.(后來,他終于要求國會為這些工人延長該計劃,并使福利從12月28日起生效。)中提到布什總統(tǒng)最后終于要求國會延長該項目,并于12月28日開始發(fā)放救濟金。因前面已說過對許多失業(yè)工人的救濟將在明天突然中止(abruptlystoptomorrow),故據(jù)此即可推知布什總統(tǒng)的要求已經(jīng)太遲了。接著,在第三段第一句作者表明了自己的態(tài)度That'snotenough.(那還不夠),并詳細說明了布什總統(tǒng)的計劃的缺陷。由此又可推知,作者認為總統(tǒng)的計劃不完善。因此C選項“缺乏穩(wěn)定性”正確。A選項“缺乏遠見”;B選項“遲到和不完整的”以及D選項“詳盡的但無效”三項都無法由原文推知。

6.單選題

Althoughthegeneticexplanationofwhysomepeopleareright-handedwhereasothersareleft-handedisplausible,ithasbeeneffectivelychallengedbyexperimentsinwhichgenetically(

)miceshoweddifferentpawpreferences.

問題1選項

A.verified

B.indistinguishable

C.identical

D.complex

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。verified“已證實的”;indistinguishable“不能區(qū)別的;”identical“同一的;完全相同的”;complex“復雜的;合成的”。句意:雖然遺傳學解釋為什么有些人習慣用右手而另一些是左撇子似乎是合理的,它已經(jīng)被基因實驗有效地挑戰(zhàn),在基因上別無二致的鼠表現(xiàn)出使用爪子的不同偏好。由plausible“看似可信的”與showeddifferentpawpreferences“表現(xiàn)出不同偏好”可知B項符合語境,故B項正確。

7.單選題

Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.

問題1選項

A.discretionary

B.bureaucratic

C.compulsory

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項discretionary“自由決定的”;B選項bureaucratic“官僚主義的”;C選項compulsory“義務性的”;D選項lucrative“獲利多的”。句意:與其他國家的同類銀行相比,國家銀行一直非常強大。它之所以保持這種效力,部分原因是它對國家銀行體系的控制沒有受到政府干預的阻礙,因此它的行動在很大程度上仍然是_______。根據(jù)語境,這里指國家銀行沒有受政府干預的阻礙,在行動上比較自由,所以discretionary“自由決定的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

8.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

Undertheimpactofmodernscience,theveryconceptionofthetaskofphilosophyhasundergonearadicalreorientation.Inverybroadhistoricalperspectiveitmaybesaidthatthephilosophersthroughouttheageshavebeenengagedinthreemajorendeavors:theyhavebeensearchingforabsolutetruthsregardingbasicreality,andforabsolutestandardsofmorality;theyhavetriedtoconstructasynthesis,aviewoftheuniverseandofman'splaceinit,i.e.,aperspectivethatwouldintegratethevariouscontributionsofthesciencesintoanintelligibleandharmoniouswhole;finally,philosophershaveattemptedtoclarifythemeaningandthevalidityofthefundamentalconcepts,assumptions,andmethodsofknowledgeandofevaluation.

Inthelightofmodernscience,i.e.,notonlyofitsresultsandconclusionsbutespeciallyofitsopen-mindedattitudeandcriticalapproach,thesearchforabsolutetruthislargelybeingabandonedasfruitless,ifnotasmeaningless.Thespiritofcontemporaryscienceis"critical"inthesensethatallitsconclusionsareconsideredsoundortenableonly"untilfurthernotice".Inotherwords,neitheroftheextremes-dogmatismorskepticism—isacceptable.Thepoliceoftheopenmindindicatesthatwhileweshouldkeepallourconvictionsinprincipleopenforcriticismandrevision,itisperfectlyreasonabletoreplyonwell-confirmedassumptionsuntilstrongevidenceforcesustomodifyortoreplacethembyotherassumptionsthataremorestronglysupportedbyrelevantevidence.

【答案】在現(xiàn)代科學的沖擊下,哲學任務這個概念已經(jīng)發(fā)生了徹底的再定位。從更廣泛的歷史角度來看,可以說,哲學家們自古以來都在從事三大事業(yè):他們一直在尋找關于基本現(xiàn)實的絕對真理和絕對的道德標準。他們試圖構建一種綜合的觀點,一種對宇宙及人類在宇宙中所處位置的看法,是一種將科學的各種貢獻整合成一個明白易懂的和諧整體的觀點。最后,哲學家們試圖澄清知識和評估的基本概念、假設和方法的意義以及有效性。

根據(jù)現(xiàn)代科學,不僅根據(jù)其結果和結論,而且特別是其開放的態(tài)度和批評方法,對絕對真理的探索在很大程度上被放棄,即使不是毫無意義,也是徒勞無益的。當代科學的精神是“批判性的”,因為它的所有結論直到“進一步注意”才被認為是合理的或可成立的。換句話說,這兩個極端——教條主義或懷疑主義——都是不可接受的。持開放態(tài)度的警方表示,雖然,原則上,我們的所有信念都應公開接受批評和修改,但是,在有力證據(jù)迫使我們修改或用因相關證據(jù)而得到更有力支持的其他假設來代替它們之前,回應已充分證實了的假設是完全合理的。

9.單選題

Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhimandtheybothtriedto()himinhiswork.

問題1選項

A.hamper

B.support

C.assist

D.encourage

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項hamper“妨礙;束縛;使困累”;B選項support“支持;扶持,幫助;供養(yǎng)”;C選項assist“幫助;促進”;D選項encourage“鼓勵;支持”。句意:他們倆人都看不起他,且都試圖在他的工作上妨礙他。根據(jù)句中“Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhim他們倆人都看不起他”可知“妨礙”符合語境,因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

問題1選項

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.devised設計B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估計D.encountered遇到

【考查點】動詞辨析

【解題思路】原文指到2050年美國老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上,2050年是一個未來的年份,這個數(shù)據(jù)應該是預估的,C選項“估計”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被預測”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項devised“設計”,美國的老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量應該是自然發(fā)生的,不存在說被設計成多少;

B選項thrust“用力推”,不符合原句邏輯;

D選項encountered“遇到”,不符合原句邏輯。

【句意】預計到2050年,美國老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上。

11.單選題

ProfessorSmith’snewinventionhascreatedagreat______onthecampus.

問題1選項

A.sensation

B.selection

C.imitation

D.irrigation

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項sensation“感覺,轟動”,B項selection“選擇,挑選”,C項imitation“模仿,仿造”,D項irrigation“灌溉”。根據(jù)句子關鍵詞newinvention“新發(fā)明”可知,空格處填入A項符合語境。句意:史密斯教授的新發(fā)明在校園里引起了很大的轟動。因此,該題選擇A項正確。

12.翻譯題

TheEnglishlanguageoftodayreflectsmanycenturiesofdevelopment.ThepoliticalandsocialeventsthathaveinthecourseofEnglishhistorysoprofoundlyaffectedtheEnglishpeopleintheirnationallifehavegenerallyhadarecognizableeffectontheirlanguage.TheRomanChristianizingofBritainin597broughtEnglandintocontactwithLatincivilizationandmadesignificantadditionstoourvocabulary.TheScandinavianinvasionsresultedinaconsiderablemixtureofthetwopeoplesandtheirlanguages.TheNormanConquestmadeEnglishfortwocenturiesthelanguagemainlyofthelowerclasseswhilethenoblesandthoseassociatedwiththemusedFrenchonalmostalloccasions.AndwhenEnglishoncemoreregainedsupremacyasthelanguageofallelementsofthepopulation,itwasanEnglishgreatlychangedinbothformandvocabularyfromwhatithadbeenin1066.

【答案】今天的英語反映了許多世紀的發(fā)展。在英國歷史進程中深刻影響英國人國家生活的政治和社會事件,通常也對他們的語言產(chǎn)生了明顯的影響。597年羅馬人對不列顛的基督教化使英國接觸了拉丁文明,并大大增加了我們的詞匯。斯堪的那維亞人的入侵導致了這兩個民族及其語言的大量混合。諾曼征服使英語在長達兩個世紀的時間里成為下層階級的主要語言,而貴族和與他們有關的人幾乎在所有場合都使用法語。當英語再次成為所有人口的語言時,它的形式和詞匯都比1066年發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

13.翻譯題

由于世界范圍內(nèi)的高校采用越來越以市場為導向的管理模式,為了用可度量的方式來顯示自己的價值,學者們所承受的壓力也與日俱增。常用的度量方式就是研究成果,研究成果通常是按照發(fā)表文章的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量來計算的,而質(zhì)量則常常由是否有文章被引文索引庫(citationindex)所收錄來決定。因此,要想在專業(yè)上成功,學者們需要寫出一系列會被索引引用的文章,當然這些文章很可能是用英語寫成。

【答案】Asinstitutionsofhigherlearningworldwidehaveadoptedanincreasinglymarket-orientedmodeofmanagement,scholarsarebearingincreasingpressureinordertodemonstratetheirvaluesinameasurablemanner.Acommonwayofmeasurementistomeasureresearchfruits,whicharecalculatedinaccordancewiththenumberandqualityofpublishedpapers.Butqualityisusuallydeterminedbywhetherapaperisincludedinoneofthecitationindexes.Therefore,tosucceedintheirspecialties,scholarsneedtowriteaseriesofpaperscitedinthecitationindexes.Ofcourse,thosepapersarelikelytobewritteninEnglish.

14.填空題

Theprofessionalfieldsthatdealwithethicalissuesinmedicineincludingmedicine,nursing,law,sociology,philosophy,andtheology,thoughinthelate20thcenturymedicalethicshascometobe

recognizedasitsowndiscipline.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bincluding改為include

【解析】【考查點】動詞。

【解題思路】B部分在句子中是謂語動詞,時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,主語Theprofessionalfields為復數(shù),這里應該用include。

【句意】處理醫(yī)學倫理問題的專業(yè)領域包括醫(yī)學、護理、法律、社會學、哲學和神學,盡管在20世紀后期,醫(yī)學倫理已經(jīng)被視為一門獨立的學科。

15.單選題

Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudent.(46)alongreadingassignmentisgiven,instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththe(47)inthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination.The(48)studentisconsideredtobe(49)whoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeof(50),nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.Sometimeshomeworkisreturned(51)briefwrittencommentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis(52)forlearningthematerialassigned.Whenresearchis(53

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