考研考博-英語-呂梁職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-呂梁職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Abalanceofinternationalpaymentreferstothenetresultofthebusinesswhichanation（

）withothernationsinagivenperiod.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transact

B.tempts

C.thrives

D.transforms

【答案】A

【解析】句意:國際收支平衡是指在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)一個(gè)國家與其他國家貿(mào)易的凈收益。

固定搭配。transactbusinesswith與…交易。

2.單選題

Shoppingmallshavesomeadvantageinsufferingfromshorterperiodsof（）business.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stale

B.slack

C.ferrous

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。stale不新鮮的，可以指食物，也可以指事情；slack松弛的，不活躍的；生意不景氣的；ferrous含鐵的；abundant大量的，充足的。句子中與business搭配的應(yīng)該是slack,slackbusiness指“生意不景氣，蕭條”。

3.單選題

Imustgonow.（）,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Incidentally

B.Accidentally

C.Occasionally

D.Subsequently

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incidentally“順便說一句；偶然地；附帶地”；B選項(xiàng)accidentally“意外地；偶然地”；C選項(xiàng)occasionally“偶爾；間或”；D選項(xiàng)subsequently“隨后，其后；后來”。句意：我現(xiàn)在必須離開了。順便說一句，如果你想要那本書，那么我下次將把它帶來。根據(jù)句中“Imustgonow我現(xiàn)在必須離開了”可知“順便說一句”符合語境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.deteriorated

D.mediated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：這種藥（）他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病。A選項(xiàng)activated觸發(fā)；B選項(xiàng)alleviated減輕，緩解；C選項(xiàng)deteriorated使惡化；D選項(xiàng)mediated調(diào)解。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disaster“災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍；不幸”；B選項(xiàng)controversy“辯論”；C選項(xiàng)confrontation“對(duì)抗；對(duì)峙”；D選項(xiàng)aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我們會(huì)看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧結(jié)束嗎。A選項(xiàng)disaster（災(zāi)難）不能形容兩個(gè)國家的分歧。B選項(xiàng)controversy（辯論），可以排除。D選項(xiàng)aggression（侵犯），這里并沒有體現(xiàn)兩個(gè)國家的侵略。C選項(xiàng)confrontation（對(duì)峙）最符合題意，由此得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

（）theopportunity,hemightwellhavebecomeanoutstandingcartoonist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Given

B.Togive

C.Giving

D.Beinggiven

【答案】A

【解析】考查過去分詞作狀語。giventheopportunity是過去分詞短語作狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)與過去情況相反的虛擬條件句，等于ifhehadbeengiventheopportunity。句意：如果有機(jī)會(huì)，他很可能會(huì)成為一位杰出的漫畫家。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Itbeingnotonlypossiblebuteveneasytopredictwhichten-year-oldboysareatgreatestriskofgrowinguptobepersistentoffenders.Whatarewedoingwiththeinformation?JustaboutthelastthingthatweshoulddoistowaituntiltheirtroubleshaveescalatedinadolescenceandthenattackthemwiththeprovisionsofthenewCriminalJusticeBill.

Ifthisbillbecomeslaw,magistrateswillhavethepowertoimposeresidentialcareorders.Moreyoungpeoplewillbedrawnintoinstitutionallifewhenalltheevidenceshowsthatthisworsensratherthanimprovestheirprospects.Theintroductionofshortsharpshocksindetentioncenterswillsimplygivemoreyoungpeopleatasteofsomethingelsethedon'tneed;thewholeregimeofdetentioncentersisoneoftougheningdelinquents,andifyouwanttotrainsomeonetobeanti-establishment."Ican'tthinkofabetterwaytodoit,"saysthewriterofthisreport.

TheCambridgeInstituteofCriminologycomesupwithfivekeyfactorsthatarelikelytomakefordelinquency:alowincomefamilyalargefamily,parentsdeemedbysocialworkerstobebadatraisingchildren,parentswhothemselveshaveacriminalrecord,andlowintelligenceinthechild.Notsurprising,thefactorstendtooverlap.Ofthe63boysinthesamplewhohadatleastthreeofthemwhentheywereten,halfbecamejuveniledelinquents—comparedwithonlyfifthofthesampleasawhole.

Threemorefactorsmakethepredictionmoreaccurate:beingjudgedtroublesomebyteachersattheageoften,havingafatherwithatleasttwocriminalconvictionsandhavinganothermemberofthefamilywithacriminalrecord.Ofthe35menwhohadatleasttwoofthesefactorsintheirbackground,18becamepersistentdelinquentsand8morewereintroublewiththelaw.

Amongthosekeyfactors,farandawaythemostimportantwashavingaparentwithacriminalrecord,evenifthathadbeenacquiredinthedistantpast,eventhoughveryfewparentsdidotherthancondemndelinquentbehaviorintheirchildren.

Theroleoftheschoolsemergesasextremelyimportant.Themostreliablepredictionofallonthefuturesofboyscamefromteachers'ratingsofhowtroublesometheywereattheageoften.Iftheinformationisthereintheclassroomtheremustbearesponsethatbringsmoreattentiontothosetroublesomechildren:asearchforthingstogivethemcreditforotherthanacademicachievement,arefusaltoallowthemtogoonplayingtruant,andafosteringofambitionandopportunitywhichshouldstartearlyintheirschoolcareers.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,delinquencyshouldbetackled（

）.

2.Thenumberofyoungoffenderscouldbereducedbythewayof

（

）.

3.Whatistheoutcomeresultofputtingyoungoffendersintodetentioncenters?

4.Ten-year-oldchildrenlikelytobecomeoffendersareusually

（

）.

5.Thewriterconcludesthatpotentialoffenderscouldbehelpedby（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beforeadolescence

B.duringinstitutionaltreatment

C.duringadolescence

D.whentheproblembecomesacute

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.newlegalmeasures

B.betterresidentialcare

C.briefperiodsofharshpunishment

D.examinationoftheirbackgrounds

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theybecomemoreviolent

B.Theyreceiveusefultraining

C.Theybecomeusedtoinstitutions

D.Theyturnagainstsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.spoiltchildrenfromsmallfamilies

B.brightchildreninapoorfamily

C.dullchildrenwithmanybrothersandsisters

D.childrenwhoseparentshaveacquiredwealthdishonestly

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.spendingmoretimeatschool

B.moreencouragementatschool

C.moreactivitiesoutsideschool

D.strictertreatmentfromteachers

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章開頭提出現(xiàn)在對(duì)于不良行為,都只能被動(dòng)地等待問題出現(xiàn),并且提出要在兒童時(shí)期就加強(qiáng)教育的解決辦法。故選A。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段可知,作者不建議通過法律制裁、居住處監(jiān)管以及嚴(yán)厲的懲罰等措施來處理青少年不良行為。在第三段指出了導(dǎo)致不良行為的五個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素，接著在第四段從少年犯的家庭和社會(huì)背景分析了使預(yù)言更為準(zhǔn)確的三個(gè)因素。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞puttingyoungoffendersintodetentioncenters定位至第二段,根據(jù)第二段信息“trainsomeonetobeanti-establishment(培養(yǎng)反社會(huì)情緒)”推測(cè)答案為D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段分析了導(dǎo)致青少年不良行為的五個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素:低收入家庭、大家庭、父母被社會(huì)工作者認(rèn)為虐待孩子，父母有犯罪記錄，兒童中的低智商者。因此此題選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出,學(xué)校對(duì)于青少年不良行為的問題起著至關(guān)重要的作用。具體包括鼓勵(lì)他們更早樹立理想,抓住機(jī)會(huì)。故選B。

8.單選題

Peopleofdiversebackgroundsnowflytodistantplacesforpleasure,businessoreducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.distinctive

C.divorced

D.separate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：……背景的人們現(xiàn)在飛到遙遠(yuǎn)的地方去度假、經(jīng)商或接受教育。A選項(xiàng)different“不同的”；B選項(xiàng)distinctive“獨(dú)特的，與眾不同的”；C選項(xiàng)divorced“分離的”；D選項(xiàng)separate“分開的，單獨(dú)的”。這里應(yīng)該指的是背景不同，diverse意為“不同的”，選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

9.單選題

China'sfirstsetofregulationsonhumanorgantransplant,whichprohibitsorganizationsandindividualsfromtradinghumanorgansinanyform,（）onMaylst,2007.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellback

B.fellshort

C.wentintoeffect

D.cometothepoint

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellback表示“后退”；B選項(xiàng)fellshort表示“不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，缺乏”；C選項(xiàng)wentintoeffect表示“生效”；D選項(xiàng)cometothepoint表示“直截了當(dāng)?shù)恼f，簡明扼要的說”。分析句意可知，中國頒布的首部人體器官移植條例是從2007年5月1日開始生效。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Nineistothree（）threeistoone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.that

C.which

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】考查方式狀語從句。AistoBwhatCistoD是固定句式，意思是“A對(duì)于B來說就等于C對(duì)于D一樣”，what在句中引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“好比，正如”。句意：九比三等于三比一。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.翻譯題

六十整歲望七十如攀高山。不料七十歲居然過了。七十歲開始可以諸事不做而拿退休金，不愁沒有一碗飯吃，自由自在，自得其樂。要看書可以隨便亂翻。金庸、梁羽生、克里斯蒂、松本淸張，從前哪能拜讀？現(xiàn)在可以了。隨看隨忘，便仍在一邊。無憂無慮，無人打擾，不必出門而自有天地。真是無限風(fēng)光在老年。

偶爾有人來，不論男女老少認(rèn)識(shí)不認(rèn)識(shí)，天南地北，天上地下，天文地理，談天說地，百無禁忌。我的話匣子一開，激光磁盤便響個(gè)不停，滔滔不絕。無奈我閑人忙，聽眾逐漸稀少，終于門庭冷落，只剩下一屋子廣闊天地,任我獨(dú)往獨(dú)來，隨意揮灑。

【答案】AttheageofsixtyIlongedforalifespanofseventy,agoalasdifficultasasummittobereached.WhowouldexpectthatIhadreached?AttheageofseventyIbeganmyretirement,inwhichIcanrelyonmyold-agepensionforaliving,freefrommyburdenoftheboringroutinesIusedtobear,andleadalifecarefreeandcontended.AsforreadingIcan,now,chooseatmyownwilltothumbthroughanythingtowhileawaythetime.IcanfindtimetoreadanythingthatIdidn’tusedto,forinstance,suchtime-killersasthosecreatedbyJinYong,LiangYusheng,ChristieandSeichoMatsummoto.Idon’thavetokeeptheminmindandquitthemasIseefit.Therebeingnoworryanddisturbance,Ineednottravelfarinmyownworldsovast.Trueitisthatthemostsplendidviewmaybefoundinoldage!

OccasionallyIhadsomevisitors,maleorfemale,oldoryoung,acquaintedandunacquainted.Wecouldchatabouteverythinginthenorthorinthesouth,inthespaceoratthecore,relatedtotaboosforusatall.WheneverIbroketheiceIbegantopourmywords,inaflowofeloquence,ascontinuouslyasalaserdisc.Unfortunately,Iwasjoblesswhiletheyweresobusythattheyalmostmeltedawayuntilfewknockscameatthedoorandtheworldbecamevacantagain.NowIalonecanoccupyitandgomyownway.

12.寫作題

Directions:

Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and

2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

【答案】參考范文

Asisshowninthetwopictures,thesameflowerhasdifferentfatewhenputindifferentsituations.Whenthereisprotection,theflowerbloomsbeautifully.However,whenexposeddirectlytorainandstorm,theflowerquicklywithers.Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatgreenhouseflowerscannotwithstandrainandstorm.

Thesameistruewithourchildren.Astheone-childpolicyisadoptedinChina,moreandmoreparentsoverprotecttheirchildren.Witheverythingdoneforthemandeveryneedsatisfiedbytheirparentsorgrandparents,theseonlychildrenseemtobehealthy,happyandhigh-spirited.Butwhentheyleavehome,theybecomedisappointedandfrustrated.Facingharshthingstheyhaveneverexperiencedbefore,suchascompetitionfrompeers,criticismfromsupervisors,pressurefordeadlinesandrestrictionfordiscipline,theywillbeataloss,miserableorevendesperate.Infact,themoreprotectiontheygetfromtheirparents,thelessabilitytheyacquire.Parents’lovefortheirchildrenturnsouttobeadisaster.

Children,likeflowers,shouldbetreatedwithcare,butreasonableandsensiblewaysofdoingthingswillhelptobringaboutmorefruitfulresults,ifwenotonlyloveourchildrenbutalsoteachthemhowtolove,ourlovewillbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration;ifwenotonlysolveproblemsforourchildrenbutalsoencouragethemtosolveproblems,ourdiligenceandingenuitywillmakeourlifemoremeaningfulandworthwhile.

13.單選題

Iftheseshoesaretoobig,asktheclerktobringyouasmaller（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pair

B.suit

C.one

D.set

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果這些鞋太大了，請(qǐng)店員給你拿一雙更小的。結(jié)合語境，由前文談及“這些鞋子”，即應(yīng)該是成對(duì)的，故應(yīng)該用“一雙”，則A為正確答案。

14.單選題

Manycompaniesare（）toinvestinnanotechnologyresearch,fearingtheexposuretolegalactionthatcouldresultifonedayatechnologyisdeemeddangerous.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hesitant

B.constant

C.luxuriant

D.coherent

【答案】A

【解析】句意:許多公司對(duì)投資納米技術(shù)研究猶豫不決，擔(dān)心有朝一日某項(xiàng)技術(shù)被認(rèn)為是危險(xiǎn)的，可能會(huì)受到法律訴訟。

考查形容詞辨析。hesitant猶豫的，疇躇的;constant不變的，恒定的，經(jīng)常的;luxuriant繁茂的，豐富的，奢華的，肥沃的；coherent連貫的，一致的，凝聚性的，粘在一起的。故A符合句意。

15.單選題

Duringthenineteenthcentury,themechanizationoffarmingandthefencingofrangelandopenedtheagricultureheartofNorthAmericatointensivedevelopment.Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.Withinthenextyear,raillinesbegantooperatetrainstoandfromthecity.Theriseofagriculturalactivitydemandedfacilitiesforthestorageandmillingofgrain,theslaughteringofcattle,andtheprocessingandshipmentofmeat.Themanufactureoffarmmachinerybranchedoutintothebasicmetal-fabricatingandwoodworkingindustries.Thissoonattractedbanksandotherfinancialinstitutions.FouryearsaftertheendoftheCivilWar,ChicagowasalreadyestablishedasthefocalpointofthelargestsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworldandthehubofarailnetworkthatextendedtoAtlantic,Gulf,andPacificcoasts.Theproductivepotentialofthecitywasunparalleled,andthepaceofitsindustrialexpansionreachedexplosiveproportions.

1.WhydidChicagoinitiallybegintogrow?

2.WhendidtheIllinois-MichiganCanal’sfirstservicebegin?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwaslocatedinthemiddleofaproductivearea.

B.Itsindustriesattractedjoblesspeople.

C.Itcouldprovidefoodforalargelocalpopulation.

D.Itswealthyinhabitantsinvestedtheirmoneythere.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1846

B.1847

C.1848

D.1869

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章的第二句Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.（作為該地區(qū)的自然地理中心，芝加哥成為一個(gè)巨大交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的十字路口）可知A選項(xiàng)“它位于生產(chǎn)區(qū)的中間”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章的第三句ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.（1847年，密西西比河流域和五大湖的水路系統(tǒng)在芝加哥相連，同年，伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運(yùn)河通車）可知伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運(yùn)河于1847年正式開通，因此選B。

16.單選題

Manypeopleare（）toinsectbites,andsomeevenhavetogotohospital.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insensitive

B.allergic

C.infectious

D.alert

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)insensitive“感覺遲鈍的”；B選項(xiàng)allergic“對(duì)……過敏的”；C選項(xiàng)infectious“傳染的；傳染性的”；D選項(xiàng)alert“警惕的；留心的”。句意：很多人對(duì)蟲子叮咬過敏，且有些人甚至不得不去醫(yī)院。結(jié)合此處句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

WhenIstayedinthecountry,Iusedtowalkinthefieldsatnightandtosee（

）ofstars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecirculation

B.acluster

C.thefalling

D.myriads

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。circulation“流通；傳播；發(fā)行量”；cluster“群；簇”；falling“下降；落下”；myriad“無數(shù)”。句意：當(dāng)我待在鄉(xiāng)村的時(shí)候，我經(jīng)常晚上在田地里散步和看無數(shù)的星星。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

18.單選題

Thereisawidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventionsweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolypoweronthegroundthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythehugeassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpendituresthatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatmorethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlong-standingconceptionoftheprocessdrivenforwardbycompetition.Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeashockingerrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.Furthermore,thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesanddifferentproducts,sincewithlittleinterestincapitalequipmentorplantitisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures;thereareinstancesinwhichthey,too,mustcompete,asagainstanotherindustrialleviathan,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresoninnovation.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,importantinventionsofthe20thcentury_______.

37.FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthat________.

38.Managementandstockholdersmightbeconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif________.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthetext?

40.Thepurposeofthistextisto_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadgreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolyindustries

C.reducedourstandardoflivinganddiminishedournaturalresources

D.wereoftenproducedbyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisreasonabletosupportindependentinventorsbecausetheylackcapital

B.itisobviousthatsmallfirmsalonecontributetopromotethelivingstandard

C.itisbeyondanydoubtthatmilitaryresearchcanprotectresourceseffectively

D.itstillremainsdoubtfulwhetherdefenseresearchisthecauseofbetterliving

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavelittlevestedinterestincapitalequipmentorplant

B.theyareverystableandsecureandholdamonopolypositionintheirindustry

C.theyhaveproducedsomeoftheimportantinventionsofthiscentury

D.theyaremetcompetitioninfieldsnotruledbyoneoftheindustrialgiants

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Importantinventionswereproducedbybothindividualsandcorporateteams.

B.Forabetterliving,themoneyspentonmilitaryresearchshouldbereduced.

C.Thegrowthoftheautomatictransmissionisnotcreditedtoorganizedindustrialresearch.

D.Industrialgiantsmaydeliberatelysuppressinnovationstoavoidcapitalloss.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.encouragefree-marketcompetition

B.advocateanincreaseingovernmentalsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

C.pointoutamisconceptionabouttheindustrialresearchandthemonopolisticpower

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)第一段，20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明____”，可定位到原文第1段第2句Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.（最近一項(xiàng)關(guān)于世紀(jì)之交以來的重要發(fā)明的研究表明，超過一半的發(fā)明是個(gè)體發(fā)明家，獨(dú)立于有組織的工業(yè)研究，獨(dú)自工作的產(chǎn)物。）由此可知，20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明中超過一半是獨(dú)立發(fā)明家的產(chǎn)物，D選項(xiàng)“通常是由獨(dú)立發(fā)明家和研究團(tuán)隊(duì)制作的”表述符合原文，而B選項(xiàng)“主要來自壟斷行業(yè)的大型實(shí)驗(yàn)室”表述錯(cuò)誤，排除；A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)小公司的影響大于對(duì)大企業(yè)集團(tuán)的影響”原文并未談及這些發(fā)明對(duì)大公司或小公司的影響，排除；C選項(xiàng)“降低了我們的生活水平，減少了我們的自然資源”原文并未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

37.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“從第2段我們可以了解到____”可定位到原文第2段。第2段第2句…theindependentinventor…vitaltoeconomicprogress.（……獨(dú)立發(fā)明家和小公司無法承擔(dān)既能保護(hù)日益減少的資源又能提高我們的生活水平的重要研究；只有大型企業(yè)的巨額資產(chǎn)才能負(fù)擔(dān)得起這種技術(shù)進(jìn)步的支出，這些技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。）由此可知，“既能保護(hù)我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源又能提高我們的生活水平的重要研究”需要巨額的研究資金，而獨(dú)立發(fā)明家的資金不夠支持他們進(jìn)行這些研究。A選項(xiàng)“支持獨(dú)立發(fā)明家是合理的，因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈Y金”表述與原文不符，原文只是說他們的資金不夠從事“既能保護(hù)我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源又能提高我們的生活水平的重要研究”，并沒有說他們?nèi)狈Y金，他們的資金還是可以支持他們做其他研究的，排除；B選項(xiàng)“很明顯，只有小公司才能促進(jìn)生活水平的提高”表述不正確，能夠提高生活水平的研究不是小公司的研究內(nèi)容，排除；第2段最后一句Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.（這些與國防有關(guān)的研究項(xiàng)目是否能改善人們的生活水平，或者是否在保護(hù)日益減少的資源方面起到很大作用，這是值得懷疑的。）根據(jù)句意，C選項(xiàng)“毫無疑問，軍事研究可以有效地保護(hù)資源”，“毫無疑問”與原文表述不符，排除；D選項(xiàng)“國防研究是否是改善生活的原因仍然值得懷疑”與原文表述相符。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

38.判斷推理題。題干“管理層和股東可能關(guān)心的是成本削減而非創(chuàng)新，如果____”可定位到第3段。A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谥匾脑O(shè)備或工廠幾乎沒有既得利益”可定位到第3段倒數(shù)第2句thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarket…itisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.（市場(chǎng)份額小的公司將積極追求新技術(shù)和不同的產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)樵谥匾O(shè)備和工廠沒有利益，它不會(huì)阻止創(chuàng)新投資。）由此判斷，“在重要的設(shè)備或工廠幾乎沒有既得利益”的公司追求創(chuàng)新，與題意不符，排除；B選項(xiàng)“他們非常穩(wěn)定和安全，在行業(yè)中擁有壟斷地位”可定位到第3段第4句Large-scaleenterprises…tendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.（大型企業(yè)傾向于更舒適地在穩(wěn)定和安全的環(huán)境中經(jīng)營，它們的管理官僚機(jī)構(gòu)傾向于提高地位并抵制變化所隱含的威脅。）由此可知，在行業(yè)擁有壟斷地位的企業(yè)管理層不鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新，B選項(xiàng)與原文相符；C選項(xiàng)“他們創(chuàng)造了本世紀(jì)的一些重要發(fā)明”與題目無關(guān)，原文并未提及，排除；干擾D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)跊]有任何工業(yè)巨頭的領(lǐng)域遭遇了競爭”可定位到第3段最后一句Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.（在某些行業(yè)間競爭減少甚至完全消除的情況下，工業(yè)巨頭可能有意阻止技術(shù)進(jìn)步以避免資本損失。）由此可知，在競爭少或沒有競爭的行業(yè)，行業(yè)巨頭會(huì)為了避免資本損失而阻止創(chuàng)新，D選項(xiàng)指的是一個(gè)競爭激烈且沒有行業(yè)壟斷的情況，與原文不符，排除；注意不能被第3段第3句Whileitcanbeassumedthat…largeadvertisingbudgets（雖然可以假設(shè)……）誤導(dǎo)，這只是一種可能存在的假設(shè)，并不一定正確，而且根據(jù)第3段第2句Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology（價(jià)格變量曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是競爭過程中占主導(dǎo)地位的方面，現(xiàn)在卻屈從于新產(chǎn)品、新業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)和新技術(shù)的競爭）可知，當(dāng)今時(shí)代創(chuàng)新在競爭中起著很重要的作用，所以D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)跊]有任何工業(yè)巨頭的領(lǐng)域遭遇了競爭”，企業(yè)管理層應(yīng)該是鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的，與題干不符，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

39.判斷推理題。題干“下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述隱含在文中？”A選項(xiàng)“重要的發(fā)明是由個(gè)人和公司團(tuán)隊(duì)共同創(chuàng)造的”，可定位到第1段最后兩句Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributed…,independentinventors...Stillotherinventions...（當(dāng)工業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室貢獻(xiàn)了諸如尼龍和晶體管這樣的重要產(chǎn)品時(shí)，獨(dú)立的發(fā)明家們開發(fā)了空調(diào)、自動(dòng)傳輸、噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、直升機(jī)、胰島素和鏈霉素。還有一些發(fā)明是通過個(gè)人和實(shí)驗(yàn)室團(tuán)隊(duì)的共同努力開發(fā)出來的。）由此可以推斷，重要的發(fā)明一部分是工業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)明的，一些是獨(dú)立發(fā)明家發(fā)明的，還有一些是共同發(fā)明的，選項(xiàng)A的表述不符合原文；B選項(xiàng)“為了更好的生活，應(yīng)該減少用于軍事研究的資金”，可定位到第2段最后一句Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethat...（這些與國防有關(guān)的研究項(xiàng)目是否能改善人們的生活水平，或者是否在保護(hù)日益減少的資源方面起到很大作用，這是值得懷疑的）由此可知，與國防軍事有關(guān)的研究是否能帶來更好的生活值得懷疑，但是這并不能說明它就是不能帶來更好的生活，B選項(xiàng)的表述不太符合原文，排除；C選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)傳輸?shù)陌l(fā)展并不歸功于有組織的工業(yè)研究”，可定位到原文第1段倒數(shù)第2句independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission…（獨(dú)立發(fā)明家開發(fā)了空調(diào)、自動(dòng)傳輸……）由此可知，自動(dòng)傳輸是由獨(dú)立發(fā)明家發(fā)明的，但它的發(fā)展是否與“有組織的工業(yè)研究”有關(guān)無從得知，排除；D選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)巨頭可能會(huì)故意抑制創(chuàng)新以避免資本損失”可定位到第3段最后一句Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.（在某些行業(yè)間競爭減少甚至完全消除的情況下，工業(yè)巨頭可能有意阻止技術(shù)進(jìn)步以避免資本損失。）D選項(xiàng)表述與原文一致。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

40.作者意圖題。A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)自由市場(chǎng)競爭”；B選項(xiàng)“提倡政府增加對(duì)有組織的工業(yè)研究的支持”；C選項(xiàng)“指出對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)研究和壟斷權(quán)力的一種誤解”；D選項(xiàng)“表明美國的力量依賴于個(gè)人的聰明才智”。本文一共4段，第1段主要內(nèi)容——人們普遍認(rèn)為，工業(yè)巨頭的出現(xiàn)伴隨著同等工業(yè)研究的激增的。近期的研究表明20世紀(jì)以來，實(shí)際上，超過一半的發(fā)明是獨(dú)立于有組織的工業(yè)研究的個(gè)體發(fā)明家獨(dú)立工作的產(chǎn)物，其他是實(shí)驗(yàn)室或者實(shí)驗(yàn)室和個(gè)人合作發(fā)明的。第2段主要內(nèi)容——我們?nèi)员灰笾С謮艛嗔α浚驗(yàn)檫@種力量創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)支持創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境。但一半的政府支出被用于軍事研究和產(chǎn)品開發(fā)，這能否改善人們的生活水平，能否在保護(hù)我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源方面起到很大作用，值得懷疑。第3段主要內(nèi)容——我們長期以來關(guān)于競爭的看法可能是錯(cuò)的，在當(dāng)今時(shí)代創(chuàng)新而非價(jià)格變化才是創(chuàng)新的重要因素。行業(yè)巨頭出于既得利益，不傾向于創(chuàng)新，相反，小公司鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新。第4段主要內(nèi)容——處于壟斷地位的企業(yè)也不能避免競爭，也會(huì)需要在創(chuàng)新上投入大量資金。綜合來看，作者的行文邏輯是提出一個(gè)存在的觀點(diǎn)，然后用事實(shí)證明該觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)的，而這些觀點(diǎn)是關(guān)于工業(yè)研究和行業(yè)巨頭的。因此，C選項(xiàng)“指出對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)研究和壟斷權(quán)力的一種誤解”最符合作者意圖。本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

19.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Justabouteveryoneknowsthemeaningof“value”thoughyou’dneverknowitfromtheexcessesoftheEighties.Clevercampaignsoftenallowedmarketerstochargemorefortheirproductandreapever-higherprofits.Itwakedlikeadreamuntilsuddenly,facingdifficulteconomictimes,consumerswakeup.Now,totheextentthatthey’rebuying,manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilytheonetheycovetedasastatussymbolafewyearsago,theyareshiftingtothetoothpastethatworksfromtheoneswithitslickestpromotions.Companiesthatunderstandthisnewconsumerhavecomeupwithsomethingnew:“valuemarketing”.

Awordofcautionisnecessary.Inmarketing,watchwordsquicklymetamorphousintobuzzwords—andvalueisnoexception.We’renottapingaboutadsthatmerelyboastofaproduct’svalueorevensuchlegitimatesatestoolsaspricecutsanddiscount:Usedcorrectly,valuemarketingamountstomuchmorethanjuststashingpricesdistributingcoupons.Itmeansgivingthecustomeranimprovedproduct,withads,featuresandenhancingtheroleofmarketingitself.Invaluemarketing,marketingbecomespartofthesystemfordeliveringvaluetotheconsumer.Insteadofmerelyshapingimage,suchaprogrammightofferenhanceguaranteesorlongerwarranties,adsthateducateratherthanhype,membershipclubthatbuildloyalty,frequent-buyerplans,improvedcommunicationswithcustomer,through800numbers,orpackagedesignthatmakestheproducteasiertouseormoreenvironmentallyfriendly.

Theseandothervalue-marketingtechniquescanbeexpensive.Theycantankeraddedproductionandmarketingcostsaddedtolowerunitprices.Evenso,theprincipleinvolvedinvaluemarketingvalueformoney,animprovedproduct,enhancednice,andaddedfeatures,arejustthatU.S.businessneedstoenhanceitscompetitivenessintheglobalmarketplace.That’swhyitwillbealltothegoodifthecommonsensicalvirtuesofvaluemarketingbecomepartofthepermanentstrategyofU.S.business.

1.Consumershavewakenupbecauseof（）.

2.Manyconsumersarechoosingthecommodities（）.

3.Inthe1980s,peoplewouldliketogoaftertheproducts（）.

4.Communicationswithcustomersmaybeimproved（）.

5.Avaluemarketingprogrammaynotinclude（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepoorproductstheybought

B.thehighpricetheypaidforwhattheybought

C.thedifficulteconomictimes

D.ahorribledream

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thatareprecious

B.thatarewarranted

C.thatcanshowtheirstatus

D.thatdeliverthemostforthemoney

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatweremostexpensive

B.thatwereup-to-date

C.thatcouldshowtheirstatus

D.thatwereinfashion

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.throughannualcustomers’congress

B.throughthefree800numbers

C.throughmembershipclubs

D.throughfrequenteducation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dailyvisitstocustomers

B.longerwarranties

C.membershipclubs

D.environmentallyfriendlypackages

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。消費(fèi)者清醒了，因?yàn)椋x項(xiàng)A“他們買到的差質(zhì)量的商品”；選項(xiàng)B“他們花高價(jià)購買了商品”；選項(xiàng)C“經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期”；選項(xiàng)D“一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)”，根據(jù)文章第一段中“Clevercampaignsoftenallowedmarketerstochargemorefortheirproductandreapever-higherprofits.Itwakedlikeadreamuntilsuddenly,facingdifficulteconomictimes,consumerswakeup.聰明的營銷活動(dòng)往往使?fàn)I銷人員為他們的產(chǎn)品收取更多的費(fèi)用，并獲得更高的利潤。它像一場(chǎng)夢(mèng)一樣的突然醒來，由于經(jīng)歷困難的經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期，消費(fèi)者清醒了”，由此句可知經(jīng)歷經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期是消費(fèi)者清醒的導(dǎo)火索，商家提高商品價(jià)格，使得消費(fèi)者花高價(jià)購買了商品是消費(fèi)者清醒過來的根本原因，此處應(yīng)該選擇真正使得消費(fèi)者不再相信商家任意抬高的商品價(jià)格，清醒過來的根本原因，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。許多消費(fèi)者會(huì)選擇什么樣的商品，選項(xiàng)A“寶貴的”；選項(xiàng)B“有保障的”；選項(xiàng)C“能夠展示他們地位的”；選項(xiàng)D“更多的考慮價(jià)格”，根據(jù)文章第一段中“Now,totheextentthatthey’rebuying,manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilytheonetheycovetedasastatussymbolafewyearsago…現(xiàn)在，就他們的購買限度來說，許多消費(fèi)者選擇價(jià)格最合適的車，而不必要像幾年前一樣，選擇能夠代表社會(huì)地位的車”，此處是以車為例說明了現(xiàn)在消費(fèi)者的購買傾向，所以在購買其他產(chǎn)品的時(shí)候他們同樣也會(huì)考慮價(jià)格再做出選擇，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。在19世紀(jì)80年代，人們會(huì)追崇什么商品，選項(xiàng)A“最貴的”；選項(xiàng)B“最新的”；選項(xiàng)C“展示他們社會(huì)地位的”；選項(xiàng)D“時(shí)髦的”，根據(jù)第一段中“manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilyt