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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-呼倫貝爾學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Afterhydrogen,heliumisthesecondmostabundantelementintheuniverse.Buthowdoastronomersknowthat?ItmightseemthatthephilosopherAugusteComtewasonsolidgroundwhenhestatedin1844that,becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.Yetonlyafewyearslaterchemistsdiscoveredthatunderthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.Byanalyzingthelightcomingfromstars,astronomershavebeenabletoidentifythedifferentchemicalelementsinthestarsandincosmicspace,aswellastheirrelativequantities.Itisaninterestinghistoricalnotethatheliumwasactuallyfoundonthesun,in1868,beforeitwasfoundonearth,inthe1890s.(ThenameheliumcomesfromtheGreekworldhellos,meaning“sun”)

Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.Theseatomsemitthecolorsoflightthatcharacterizeeachelement.Eachatomconsistsofanucleus,orpositivelychargedcore,andaroundthisnucleusareelectrons,whicharenegativelychargedparticles.Thecharacteristiclightemittedbyanatomgivesusinformationaboutthearrangementofelectronsabouttheatomicnucleus.Thisarrangementdeterminesthechemicalpropertiesoftheatom.

Theatomicnumberofanelementisthenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofoneofitsatoms.Theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty,becauseitalsoequalsthenumberofelectronsaroundthenucleusinthenormal(electricallyneutral)atom,andtheseelectronsdeterminetheatom’schemicalproperties.Theperiodictableoftheelements(thatis,theirarrangementintotherowsandcolumnsbasedontheirchemicalandphysicalproperties)isaresultofthewaytheelectronsarearrangedintheatoms,andthisarrangementorstructuredependsonthenumberofelectronsandthusontheatomicstructure.

1.Inthispassage,fundamentalmeans().

2.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto().

3.AugusteComtesaidthatwecouldneverknowthecompositionofthestarsbecausetheyare().

4.Accordingtothepassage,acentralprincipleofchemistryisthat().

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbestbedescribedas().

6.Theorganizationalpatternofthefirstparagraphofthispassageis().

7.Theauthorexplainsthecharacteristicpatternofcoloremittedbyeachelementbycomparingthispatternto().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.first

B.heavy

C.basic

D.early

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.persuade

B.inform

C.entertain

D.tellastory

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.movingawayfromus

B.veryfaraway

C.veryhot

D.madeofhelium

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.differentatomsemitdifferentcoloroflight

B.thesuncontainshelium

C.theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty

D.allmatteriscomposedofatoms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.poetic

C.hostile

D.opinionated

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.chronologicalorder

B.spatialorder

C.definition

D.exampleillustration

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.thescalesofafish

B.thefeathersofabird

C.afootprint

D.afingerprint.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:D

【解析】1.詞匯題。根據(jù)原文可知“fundamentalproperty”指基本性質(zhì),fundamental意為“基礎(chǔ)的,基本的”,basic也表示“基本的”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是從客觀公正的角度描述事實(shí),講述化學(xué)物質(zhì)氦的構(gòu)成及其性質(zhì),所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.”由于星星距離遙遠(yuǎn),我們永遠(yuǎn)無法知道它們的化學(xué)成分。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.”化學(xué)的核心原則是所有的物質(zhì)都是由原子構(gòu)成的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文可知,本文主要是從客觀公正的角度描述事實(shí),所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀的,選項(xiàng)A正確。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,本段是用舉例說明的方法來介紹氦元素的發(fā)現(xiàn)過程,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。chronologicalorder時(shí)間順序;spatialorder空間順序;definition下定義;exampleillustration舉例說明。

7.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“underthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.”在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下,每一種元素都會(huì)發(fā)出一種特定的光的顏色組合來識(shí)別它,就像你的指紋可以識(shí)別你一樣。由此可知,作者是將光和指紋進(jìn)行對比,選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.單選題

Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources-andlaborsupply-allthesewereimportant(1)inhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.Buttheywerenotenough.Something

(2)

wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.That"somethingspecial"wasmen

(3)

individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnewsourcesofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.

Themenwho

(4)

themachinesoftheIndustrial-Revolutioncamefrommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemwere

(5)

inventorsthanscientist.Amanwhoisa

(6)

scientistisprimarilyinterestedindoinghisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.

Aninventororoneinterestedinappliedscienceis

(7)

tryingtomakesomethingthathasaconcreteuse.Hemaytrytosolveaproblembyusingthetheoriesofscienceorbyexperimentingthroughtrialanderror.Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina

(8)

result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneofmanyotherobjectives.

Mostofthepeoplewho

(9)

themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwereinventors,nottrainedscientists.Afewwerebothscientistsandinventors.Eventhosewhohadlittleornotraininginsciencemightnothavemadetheirinventions

(10)

agroundworkhadnotbeenlaidbyscientistsyearsbefore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reasons

B.factors

C.situations

D.cases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.else

C.near

D.extra

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.generating

B.effective

C.motivating

D.creative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.employed

B.created

C.operated

D.controlled

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.less

B.better

C.more

D.worse

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.genuine

B.practical

C.pure

D.clever

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.seldom

B.usually

C.sometimes

D.never

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.single

B.specialized

C.specific

D.sole

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.proposed

B.developed

C.supplied

D.offered

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.while

C.if

D.as

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。reason和factor放在這里都符合邏輯,由空格后面的介詞in,可知應(yīng)選factor。reason一般接for或者why引導(dǎo)的從句。故答案B

第2題:考查形容詞辨析。此句句意為還需要一些其他的東西,somethingelse其他的東西,答案B

第3題:考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的“inventmachines…”可知此空應(yīng)填“具有創(chuàng)造力的”,generating產(chǎn)生的;effective有效的;motivating激發(fā)的;creative創(chuàng)造性的。

第4題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:在工業(yè)革命中發(fā)明這些機(jī)器的人。故答案B

第5題:考查固定搭配。句意:發(fā)明機(jī)器的人大部分是發(fā)明家,而不是科學(xué)家。more…than…是…而不是…答案C

第6題:考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“primarilyinterestedindoinghisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.主要對自己的研究感興趣。他不一定是為了利用他的研究成果而工作?!笨赏浦@種科學(xué)家是純粹的科學(xué)家。genuine真正的,真實(shí)的;practical實(shí)際的;pure純粹的;clever聰明的。答案C

第7題:考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文意思可知,usually符合句意。答案B

第8題:考查形容詞辨析。句意:“不管什么方法,他工作目的是獲得特定的某種結(jié)果。”由空格后的舉例可知他是為了獲得某種特定的結(jié)果而工作。答案C

第9題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:工業(yè)革命時(shí)發(fā)明了這些機(jī)器的人大都是發(fā)明家而非科學(xué)家。答案B

第10題:考查連詞辨析。句意:即使是那些沒有受過科學(xué)專業(yè)訓(xùn)練的人,如果沒有之前科學(xué)家們做出的基礎(chǔ)工作,他們也不可能發(fā)明這些東西。所以應(yīng)填if。答案C

3.單選題

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople(

)harmthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.betterthan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:發(fā)展核科學(xué)是給人們造福,而不是危害人們。

短語辨析。Morethan多于,超出;otherthan除了;betterthan超過,多于;ratherthan而不是。故選D。

4.單選題

Theoryandsciencearenurturedinmaterialenvironments,andapplicationisapowerful()tothought.Inthisrespecthewasagreatplanterofideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.encouragement

B.spur

C.drive

D.drivingforce

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)encouragement“鼓舞”;B選項(xiàng)spur“鞭策,刺激”;C選項(xiàng)drive“驅(qū)動(dòng)”,常用表達(dá):adrivetosth,D選項(xiàng)drivingforce“驅(qū)動(dòng)力,推動(dòng)力”,常用表達(dá):drivingforceforsth,跟后面的“to”不搭,可排除D選項(xiàng)。句意:理論科學(xué)是在物質(zhì)環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生的,而應(yīng)用則是思想的強(qiáng)力……。在這方面,他是一個(gè)偉大的思想傳播者。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retarding

B.perusing

C.detaining

D.attaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)retard“延遲,阻止,妨礙”,B項(xiàng)peruse“詳細(xì)考察,精讀”,C項(xiàng)detain“拘留,留住,耽擱”,D項(xiàng)attain“達(dá)到,實(shí)現(xiàn),獲得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充滿樂趣、沒有痛苦的生活等于幸?!?,結(jié)合actually“實(shí)際上”可知,reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“減少獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)”符合語境。句意:人們相信充滿樂趣、沒有痛苦的生活就等于幸福,這實(shí)際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

TheMayorofthetownisa(

)oldman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respective

B.respectful

C.respectable

D.respecting

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)respective“分別的,各自的”;B選項(xiàng)respectful“恭敬的,有禮貌的”;C選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的”;D選項(xiàng)respecting“關(guān)于”。句意:這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)的市長是個(gè)可敬的老人。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Theymayoftenhaveto()socialeveningsandholidaysbecauseoftheirbusywork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forgo

B.forfeit

C.abandon

D.forgive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。forgo“放棄;停止;斷念”;forfeit“(因犯罪、失職、違約等)喪失(權(quán)利、名譽(yù)、生命等)”;abandon“遺棄;放棄”;forgive“原諒”。句意:由于忙碌的工作他們不得不放棄社交晚宴和假期。由becauseoftheirbusywork可知他們放棄了社交晚宴和假期,故A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Whathetoldmewasa()ofdownrightlies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.load

B.mob

C.pack

D.flock

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。load“負(fù)荷,重?fù)?dān),裝載量”;mob“暴民,烏合之眾”;pack“包裹,背包”;flock“(飛禽,牲畜等的)群”。句意:他告訴我的都是一些明顯的謊言。aloadof“大量,許多”,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Iftheschemeis(

)carriedoutwithoutwasteoftimeorenergy-Ishallbecompletelysatisfied.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relatively

B.noticeably

C.appropriately

D.efficiently

【答案】D

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。relatively“相對地”;noticeably“顯而易見地”;appropriately“恰當(dāng)?shù)亍?;efficiently“有效地”。句意:如果計(jì)劃能夠在不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力的情況下展開的話,我會(huì)很滿意。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Homeeconomistsrecommend______inlargequantities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobuybasicfooditems

B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood

C.buyingbasicfooditems

D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tobuybasicfooditems購買基本食品B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood購買基本食品

C.buyingbasicfooditems購買基本食品D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood購買基本食品

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】fooditems是常見搭配,表示“食品”,可先排除B、D項(xiàng);recommend可以和todo搭配,也可以與doing搭配,但是如果后面跟不定式,recommend后面要跟sb.,recommendsb.todosth.表示“建議某人去做某事”;如果后面跟doing,recommend可以直接跟,recommenddoingsth.表示“建議做某事”,所以此處選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)要加sb.才符合搭配,故排除;

B、D項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配。

【句意】家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家建議大量購買基本食品。

11.單選題

Afterlisteningtothetestimony,themembersofthejurydeliveredtheirverdict.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decision

B.sentence

C.prosecution

D.mandate

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)decisionn.決心,決定;B選項(xiàng)sentencen.句子,命題,宣判;C選項(xiàng)prosecutionn.起訴,檢舉;D選項(xiàng)mandaten.授權(quán),命令。根據(jù)句意陪審團(tuán)的成員們在聽取證詞后宣布了判決,因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

TheMalaysiangovernmentannouncedinawrittenstatementlastweekthatthepolicytorestructuresociety()in1970wouldcometoanendbytheendoftheyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toformulate

B.tobeformulated

C.asformulated

D.soastoformulate

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意,空格為后置定語,修飾前面的policy,和policy之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)A和D可排除。tobeformulated“將要被制定”,asformulated“已經(jīng)被制定的”。句意:馬來西亞政府上周以書面形式宣布:1970年已經(jīng)制定的調(diào)整社會(huì)的政策將于今年年底停止。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

I'msorrytohave()youwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interfered

B.impressed

C.offended

D.bothered

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這種情況下,我還問了這么多問題,給你添麻煩了,真是抱歉。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。interfere干預(yù);打擾;impress給……以深刻印象;offend冒犯;得罪;bother煩擾;打擾。因此D符合句意。

14.翻譯題

小班上課要求學(xué)生參與討論,因此他們不再被動(dòng)聽課。在與老師和同學(xué)進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)交流時(shí),他們的能力大幅度提高。這種交流有助于教師在考試前了解學(xué)生掌握了哪些知識(shí),因此能提高自己的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。這樣的課程需要教師們精力充沛、富有想象、認(rèn)真思考,所有這一切可能令人身心疲憊,但卻能促使學(xué)生對自己的學(xué)業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)。

【答案】Smallclassesrequirestudentstoparticipateindiscussions,sotheynolongerlistenpassively.Theirabilitiesaregreatlyimprovedinacademicexchangeswithteachersandclassmates.Thiskindofcommunicationhelpsteacherstoknowwhatstudentshavemasteredbeforetheexam,thusimprovingthequalityoftheirteaching.Suchcoursesrequireenergetic,imaginativeandthoughtfulteachers,allofwhichcanbeexhausting,butcanmakestudentstakeresponsibilityfortheirstudies.

15.單選題

Notonly(

)todeterminethedepthoftheoceanfloor,butitisalsousedtolocateoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.touseseismology

B.isseismologyused

C.tohavestarted

D.usingseismology

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。notonly位于句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),即將系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前,放在主語前。

句意:地震學(xué)不僅用來確定海底的深度,而且還被用來定位石油。

16.填空題

Sedona,locatedinArizona’shighdesert,isfamousforits________beautifulred-sandstoneformations.(startle)

【答案】startlingly

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】副詞。

【解題思路】橫線處修飾形容詞beautiful,所以應(yīng)該用副詞,startlingly意思為“驚人地”,在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)美麗的程度,符合語境。

【句意】塞多納位于美國亞利桑那州的高沙漠地帶,以美麗的紅砂巖而聞名。

17.單選題

BlackandLatinoboyscommitplentyofviolenceinschool,ofcourse,butthey’remorelikelytoassaultanindividualwhomtheyknow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intrude

B.violate

C.attack

D.battle

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.intrude闖入,侵入B.violate違犯,違背(法律、協(xié)議等)

C.attack襲擊,攻擊D.battle搏斗,奮斗,斗爭

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】assault的意思為“襲擊,侵犯人身”,指的是黑人和拉丁裔男孩有可能攻擊他們認(rèn)識(shí)的人,attack與之詞義相近,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】當(dāng)然,黑人和拉丁裔男孩在學(xué)校犯下了很多暴力行為,但他們更有可能攻擊他們認(rèn)識(shí)的人。

18.單選題

We()managedtohavepeopleacceptourtheoryafteralong,hardstruggle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.momentarily

B.suddenly

C.graciously

D.gradually

【答案】D

【解析】句意:經(jīng)過長期的艱苦努力之后,我們逐漸讓他們接了受我們的理論。

考查副詞辨析。momentarily頃刻之間,馬上;suddenly意外地,忽然地;graciously優(yōu)雅地,慈樣地;gradually逐步地,漸漸地。根據(jù)后文的afteralong,hardstruggle(長期的艱苦努力之后)可知D正確。

19.單選題

Lackofexerciseaswellasunhealthydietaryhabitscanincreasetheriskof().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mobility

B.morality

C.maturity

D.mortality

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mobility“移動(dòng)性”;B選項(xiàng)morality“道德、品性”;C選項(xiàng)maturity“成熟、到期”;D選項(xiàng)mortality“死亡率”,句意為:缺乏鍛煉以及不健康的飲食習(xí)慣會(huì)增加死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Hutuextremistsingovernmentorganizedthekillingandusedstateradiostationstourgeordinarypeopletocrushthecockroaches—aHutu_______forTutsis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cursor

B.irregularity

C.slur

D.amende

【答案】C

【解析】cursor光標(biāo),指針;irregularity不規(guī)則,無規(guī)律;slur污點(diǎn),誹謗;amende道歉,賠償。句意:政府中的胡圖族極端分子組織了這次屠殺,并利用國家廣播電臺(tái)慫恿平民百姓鎮(zhèn)壓蟑螂——這是胡圖族對圖西人的蔑稱。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

21.翻譯題

Wedonotknowexactlyhowlongthecountryhasbeenoccupiedbuttheearliestdiscoveredsiteofoccupationisabout47,000yearsold.Toputthisinperspective,sincetheFirstFleetarrivedin1788therehavebeenonlyeightgenerationsofsettlers.Ontheotherhand,therehavebeenatleast18,500generationsofthePeoplesoftheDreaming.

ThePeoplesoftheDreamingbelongedtoover500differentgroupsornationswithdifferentlanguagesandculturesbuttheywereboundtogetherbytheirbeliefintheDreaming.“TheDreaming”or“TheDreamtime”isthemostenduringreligioninAustraliatoday.Itisbasedonthecentralprinciplethatthepeoplewholiveonthecontinenthavespecialresponsibilitiestotheland—thatthelandownsthemandthattheyholditintrustasthehomeoftheircreator.However,intheimmenselyvariablelandscapeofthecountry,differentculturesanddifferentlanguagesdevelopedwithinthisbroadframeworkoftheDreamtime.

【答案】我們不知道這個(gè)國家被占領(lǐng)的確切時(shí)間,但最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的占領(lǐng)遺址大約有4.7萬年的歷史。從這個(gè)角度來看,自1788年第一艦隊(duì)到達(dá)后,只有8代移民。另一方面,已經(jīng)有至少18500代夢創(chuàng)時(shí)代的后人(原住民)。

夢創(chuàng)時(shí)代的后人屬于500多個(gè)不同的群體或國家,他們擁有不同的語言和文化,但他們因?yàn)閴衾锏男拍疃?lián)系在一起。夢創(chuàng)時(shí)代是今天澳大利亞最持久的宗教。它基于這樣一個(gè)中心原則:生活在大陸上的人民對土地負(fù)有特殊責(zé)任——土地?fù)碛兴麄兌宜麄儼淹恋刈鳛閯?chuàng)造者的家園來保管。然而,在這個(gè)國家多變的景觀中,不同的文化和不同的語言在這個(gè)夢創(chuàng)時(shí)代的大框架內(nèi)發(fā)展起來。

22.單選題

TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage(1)intheUnitedStates—about9newmarriagesforevery1,000people—is(2)higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.However,marriageis(3)aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.(4)ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried(5)from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried(6)theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcentury,about90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome(7)intheirlives.Experts(8)thataboutthesameproportionoftoday'syoungadultswilleventuallymarry.

Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried(9)overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthetimeoftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarryforthefirsttimeanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeopledidinthe1950s.(10),youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious(11)in

U.S.history.Today'slaterageofmarriageis(12)theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.Moreover,agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried(95percent)duringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore(13).Expertsdonotagreeonwhythe"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurred,butmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda(14)tothereturnofpeaceandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic(15)andwar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rate

B.ratio

C.percentage

D.poll

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.potentially

B.intentionally

C.randomly

D.substantially

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.notanylonger

B.nomore

C.nolonger

D.notanymore

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Aproportion

B.Theproportion

C.Thenumber

D.Anumber

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.declined

B.deteriorated

C.deduced

D.demolished

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.past

B.passing

C.throughout

D.through

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.period

B.level

C.point

D.respect

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.project

B.plan

C.promise

D.propose

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.unexpectedly

B.irregularly

C.flexibly

D.consistently

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.Besides

B.However

C.Whereas

D.Nevertheless

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.descendants

B.ascendants

C.population

D.generation

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.accordingto

B.inlinewith

C.basedon

D.causedby

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.andafter

B.orafter

C.orsince

D.eversince

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.refusal

B.realization

C.response

D.reality

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.repression

B.aggression

C.restriction

D.depression

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:D

【解析】(1)名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)破折號后面的內(nèi)容可以推測,這里應(yīng)為結(jié)婚率,選項(xiàng)A正確。ratio比例;percentage百分?jǐn)?shù);poll選舉之投票,均不符合原文。

(2)副詞詞義辨析。potentially潛在地;intentionally故意地;randomly隨便地;substantially實(shí)質(zhì)上,大體上。根據(jù)句意:美國目前的年結(jié)婚率大體上遠(yuǎn)高于其他工業(yè)化國家。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

(3)副詞短語辨析。選項(xiàng)A和B一般放于修飾詞后;選項(xiàng)C一般放于修飾詞之前;選項(xiàng)D意為再也不。根據(jù)句意:然而,婚姻不再像幾十年前那樣普遍。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

(4)考查冠詞用法。根據(jù)下文百分比可排除選項(xiàng)C和D,而百分比是已知的,所以用定冠詞the,選項(xiàng)B正確。

(5)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和上下文語義。declined下降,衰退;deteriorated惡化的,變質(zhì)的;deduced推理;demolished拆毀,破壞。根據(jù)下文“from72percentin1970to60percent...說明是呈下降趨勢的,所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

(6)介詞詞義辨析。throughouttheirlives為固定搭配,意為整個(gè)一生。

(7)名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)原文,這里指生活中的某一階段,用period符合原文。

(8)上下文語義。根據(jù)原文:專家預(yù)測,現(xiàn)在的年輕人中最終結(jié)婚的比例也大致相同。project除了計(jì)劃、工程的意思外,還有預(yù)測的意思。所以本題選A。

(9)副詞詞義辨析和上下文語義。unexpectedly出乎意料地;irregularly不規(guī)則地;flexibly柔軟地;consistently持續(xù)地,不斷地。句意:在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里,結(jié)婚的時(shí)間一直在變化。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

(10)邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前后句義可知,此處表轉(zhuǎn)折。However和Whereas都有然而的意思,但Whereas后面通常接整個(gè)句子,和句子間不用逗號隔開。Besides和Nevertheless不符合原文。所以本題選B。

(11)名詞搭配。descendants子孫,后裔;ascendants優(yōu)勢,運(yùn)道;population人口;previousgeneration意為上一代人,所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

(12)介詞詞組辨析。accordingto按照;inlinewith與……一致;basedon基于;causedby由……造成。句意:現(xiàn)在的晚婚年齡與1890年至1940年的結(jié)婚年齡是一致的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

(13)固定搭配。atanytimebeforeorafter為固定搭配,意為:在……前后的任何時(shí)間。

(14)詞義辨析。refusalto拒絕,推卻;realization為名詞,意為實(shí)現(xiàn);responseto對……做出回應(yīng);reality為名詞,意為現(xiàn)實(shí)。句意:大多數(shù)社會(huì)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,這是對和平回歸的一種回應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

(15)固定搭配。economicdepression為固定搭配,意為:經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條,符合上下文。所以本題選D。

23.單選題

BeijingisthepoliticalcentreofChina,neverthelessitisarguablyatleastasimportantasacentreofthearts,includingsuchfieldsaspainting,dramaandfilm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.China,nevertheless

B.arguablyatleastasimportant

C.asacentreofthearts

D.includingsuchfieldsas

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】E

24.單選題

Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizationalconstraints(約束)influencewageincreases.Onething,however,iscertain:yourchancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudon'tatleastaskforit.Mentendtoaskformore,andtheygetmore,andthisholdstruewithotherresources,notjustpayincreases.ConsiderBeth'sstory:

IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit.Wehadcubicle(小隔間)officesandwindowoffices.Isatinthecubicleswithseveralmalecolleagues.Onebyonetheyweremovedintowindowoffices,whileIremainedinthecubicles.Severalmaleswhowerehiredaftermealsowenttooffices.Oneinparticulartoldmehewasnextinlineforanofficeandthatithadbeenpartofhisnegotiationsforthejob.IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway.

Itwouldbeniceifweallreceivedautomaticpayincreasesequaltoourmerit,but"nice"isn'taqualityattributedtomostorganizations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveasignificantraiseinpay,you'llprobablyhavetoaskforit.

Performanceisyourbestbargainingchip(籌碼)whenyouareseekingaraise.Youmustbeabletodemonstratethatyoudeservearaise.Timingisalsoagoodbargainingchip.Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds(anewclientorasizablecontract,forexample)justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant.

Useinformationasabargainingchiptoo.Findoutwhatyouareworthontheopenmarket.Whatwillsomeoneelsepayforyourservices?

Gointothenegotiationspreparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction.

1.Accordingtothepassage,beforetakingajob,apersonshould().

2.WhatcanbeinferredfromBeth’sstory?

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat().

4.Togetapayraise,apersononshould().

5.Tobesuccessfulinnegotiations,onemust().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demonstratehiscapability

B.givehisbossagoodimpression

C.askforasmuchmoneyashecan

D.askforthesalaryhehopestoget

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Prejudiceagainstwomenstillexistsinsomeorganizations.

B.Ifpeoplewantwhattheydeservetheyhavetoaskforit.

C.Peopleshouldnotbecontentwithwhattheyhavegot.

D.Peopleshouldbecarefulwhennegotiatingforajob.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.unfairnessexistsinsalaryincreases

B.mostpeopleareoverworkedandunderpaid

C.oneshouldavoidoverstatingone’sperformance

D.mostorganizationsgivetheirstaffautomaticpayraises

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.advertisehimselfonthejobmarket

B.persuadehisbosstosignalong-termcontract

C.trytogetinsideinformationabouttheorganization

D.dosomethingtoimpresshisbossjustbeforemeritpaydecisions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.meethisbossattheappropriatetime

B.arriveatthenegotiationtablepunctually

C.begoodatinfluencingtheoutcomeoftheinteraction

D.befamiliarwithwhatthebosslikesanddislikes

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞beforetakingajob定位至第一句話:Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizationalconstraintsinfluencewageincreases(協(xié)商起薪更為容易,因?yàn)槟阋坏┻M(jìn)入了公司,公司的制度限制就會(huì)影響工資增長)。也就是,若擔(dān)心入職后工資增長受限,入職前則盡量要求多的薪水

2.判斷推理題。第二段講述了關(guān)于Beth的經(jīng)歷:IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit(當(dāng)我沒有要求時(shí),我沒有得到我想要的)。IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway(我認(rèn)為,他們覺得我滿意目前的狀況,因?yàn)槲覜]有說出我的意見)。由此可知,如果你想得到你本應(yīng)得的薪酬和待遇,你就應(yīng)當(dāng)主動(dòng)去爭取或說出自己的想法。因此選B項(xiàng)“如果人們想要得到他們理應(yīng)得到的,就必須提出要求”。

3.判斷推理題。通過選項(xiàng)可以定位至第三段:Itwouldbeniceifweallreceivedautomaticpayincreasesequaltoourmerit,but"nice"isn'taqualityattributedtomostorganizations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveasignificantraiseinpay,you'llprobablyhavetoaskforit(如果我們都能夠自動(dòng)獲得與價(jià)值相當(dāng)?shù)募有?,這將是多么美好的事,但是,美好對于多數(shù)公司來說并不是必備特質(zhì)。如果你覺得應(yīng)獲大幅度的加薪,那么,你最好是提出來)。因此,A項(xiàng)“在工資增長問題上存在不公之處”正確。

4.判斷推理題。第四段指出:表現(xiàn)是加薪的最好籌碼,而且時(shí)機(jī)也很重要。并且加以舉例說明:Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds(anewclientorasizablecontract,forexample)justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant(如果你能向老板提供他/她所需要的東西(比如一個(gè)新客戶,或者是一個(gè)可觀的合同),那么,你就更有可能得到想要的加薪)。因此D項(xiàng)“在績效工資決定之前,做一些讓老板留下深刻印象的事”正確。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Gointothenegotiationspreparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction(帶上這個(gè)籌碼,在合適的時(shí)機(jī)去談判吧!并通過使用談判技巧來引導(dǎo)相互作用的方向)。因此,此處是指談判的合適時(shí)機(jī),并未說具體的見面時(shí)間。因此排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“熟悉老板的好惡”在文中并未提及。而且,C項(xiàng)“善于影響交流互動(dòng)的結(jié)果”相當(dāng)于“toguidethedirectionoftheinteraction”,故選C。

25.單選題

Atitsbest,anyprisonissounnaturalaformofsegregationfromnormallifethatliketoolovingparentsandtoozealousreligionandallotherwell-meantviolationsofindividuality—ithelpstopreventthevictimsofresuming,whentheyareletout,anynaturalroleinhumansociety.Atitsworst,theprisonisalmostscientificallydesignedtodevelopbyforceripeningeveryoneoftheanti-socialtraits(品質(zhì),性格)forwhichwesupposeourselvestoputpeopleintoprison.(Isaysuppose,becauseactuallyweputpeopleintoprisononlybecausewedon’tknowwhatelsetodowiththem…)Prisonmakesthemanwhoissexuallyabnormal,sexuallyamaniac.Prisonmakesthemanwhoenjoyedbeatingfellowdrunkinabarroomcomeoutwantingtokillapoliceman.

Probablywecannottomorrowturnalltheso-calledcriminalslooseandclosethejails,though,ofcoursethatiswhatwearedoingbylettingthemgoattheendoftheirsentences.No,societycannotfreethevictims.Societyhasunfittedforfreedom.Doubtless,sincetheMilennium(太平盛世)isstillcenturiesahead,itisadvisabletomakeprisonsassanitaryandwell-lightedaspossible,thattheconvictsmayliveouttheirlivingdeathmorecomfortable.Onlykeepyourphilosophystraight.Donotimaginethat,whenyouhavebycarelessnessfailedininoculating(給……接種,注射)them,letyourvictimsgetsmallpox,youaregoingtosavethemorexonerate(免除,解除)yourselvesbybathingtheirbrows,howevergratefulthebathingmaybe.

Whatistotaketheplaceofprisons?

6.Theauthorsaysthatprisonislikesomeparents,orlikesomekindsofreligion,inthatit______.

7.Attheworst,accordingtothepassage,prison______.

8.Why,accordingtotheauthor,doweputpeopleinprison?

9.Why,accordingtotheauthor,can’tweletalltheprisonersfree?

10.Readthelastsentencebutone(beginningwith“Donotimaging...”),andthenchoosetheanswerthatisclosesttoitsmeaning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makespeopleincapableoflivingindependently

B.istoostrict

C.doesn’ttrainpeopleforusefulwork

D.istoozealous

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.makescriminalcharacteristicsworse

B.makesallprisonersviolent

C.destroysthespirit

D.causessexualproblemsinmostprisoners

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Topunishthem.

B.Forlackofanyothersolution.

C.Togivethemasenseofdiscipline.

D.Tomakethemlessviolent.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheyaretoodangerous.

B.Becausesocietywillnotallowit.

C.Becausewehavemadethemantisocial.

D.Becausetheyprefertostaywheretheyare.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Youcan’treformprisonersbykindtreatment.

B.Itiseasytocatchdiseasessuchassmallpoxinprison.

C.Inanykindofpoliticalorsocialconditions,itisnaturalthatsomepeopleshouldturnouttobeenemiesofsociety.

D.Societymakescriminals;itshouldn’tfeelit’sdoneenoughforthembycreatinggoodprisonconditions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

6.Theauthorsaysthatprisonislikesomeparents,orlikesomekindsofreligion,inthatit______.6.作者說,監(jiān)獄就像一些父母,或像某種宗教,因?yàn)樗黖_____。

A.makespeopleincapableoflivingindependentlyA.使人無法獨(dú)立生活

B.istoostrictB.太嚴(yán)格

C.doesn’ttrainpeopleforusefulworkC.沒有訓(xùn)練人們做有用的工作

D.istoozealousD.太熱心

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第一句“在最好的情況下,任何監(jiān)獄都是一種與正常生活隔離的不自然形式,就像溺愛的父母、太狂熱的宗教和所有其他善意侵犯個(gè)性的行為一樣”,從中可知,作者把監(jiān)獄比作溺愛的父母和狂熱的宗教以及其他任何善意的對人

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