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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱信息工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題
Thewingsofthebirdstill()afterithadbeenshotdown.
問題1選項
A.slapped
B.scratched
C.flapped
D.fluctuated
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。slap“掌擊,拍掌”;scratch“刮,抓”;flap“拍打”;fluctuate“波動”。句意:這只鳥在被擊倒之后,它的翅膀仍然在拍打。A項符合題意。
2.單選題
TheMalaysianadministrationruledthattheevidenceaboutthemissingMH370wasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwasimpertinent.
問題1選項
A.irrational
B.unreasonable
C.invalid
D.irrelevant
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。impertinent意為“不相干的,不恰當(dāng)?shù)模淮拄數(shù)摹?;irrational意為“不合理的,荒謬的”;unreasonable意為“不合理的,荒唐的”;invalid意為“無效的”;irrelevant意為“無關(guān)緊要的,不相關(guān)的”。
句意:馬來西亞政府裁定,關(guān)于失蹤的MH370的證據(jù)是不可接受的,因為它是不相關(guān)的。
3.單選題
Sheisavery____student.She’salwaystalkingabouttravelingtoouterspace.
問題1選項
A.imaginary
B.imaginative
C.imaginable
D.imagining
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項imaginary“虛構(gòu)的,想象的”;B選項imaginative“富有想象力的;有創(chuàng)造力的”;C選項imaginable“可能的;可想象的”;D選項imagining“想象,動詞imagine的現(xiàn)在分詞形式”。句意:她是一個非常____的學(xué)生。她總是說要去外太空旅行。根據(jù)她經(jīng)常談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容推斷,她是一個充滿想象力的學(xué)生,B選項最符合句意。因此,本題最佳選項為B。
4.單選題
Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbybureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedandbureaucraticmanagement.
Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.
Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain!Bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.
AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteen-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.
1.By“well-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis().
2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeeisthat().
3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose().
4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould().
5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof().
問題1選項
A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible
B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety
C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly
D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly
問題2選項
A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs
B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife
C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence
D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence
問題3選項
A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety
B.whoarehighupintheirsocialstatus
C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors
D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromtheircompetitiveworld
問題4選項
A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestor
B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees
C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities
D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted
問題5選項
A.approval
B.dissatisfaction
C.suspicion
D.tolerance
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.(總的來說,我們的社會正在成為官僚管理下的巨型企業(yè)之一,在這種管理下,人變成了機器中一個潤滑良好的小齒輪。)通過第一段我們得知作者認(rèn)為人類已經(jīng)失去了個性和獨立性,成為機器中一顆微不足道的小齒輪,因此C選項“與社會其他部分相比,盡管運行良好但已經(jīng)不甚重要”正確。A選項“盡管每個人的作用不大,但卻是社會必要的組成部分”與原文意思相悖,人類已經(jīng)如齒輪一般無足輕重;B選項“與社會其他方面和諧地工作”并未在文中提及;D選項“尤其在運作良好的時候卻在社會中仍微不足道”與原文不符。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.(他們焦慮也是因為他們無法獲得任何真正的滿足或生活的興趣。他們生與死都沒有面對過人類存在的基本現(xiàn)實,作為情感上、智力上獨立的和有生產(chǎn)力的人。)由此可知,其真正原因是情感與理智上獨立的、富有創(chuàng)造性的個人生存狀態(tài)被忽視,因此D選項“他們被剝奪了個性和獨立性”正確。A選項“他們很可能會失去工作”是部分原因;B選項“他們對生活沒有真正的滿足或興趣”與原文相悖;C選項“他們面對著人類生存的基本現(xiàn)實”也是部分原因。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位第三段最后一句Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.(這種不斷地需要證明自己和競爭對手一樣好或更好的需求,造成了持續(xù)的焦慮和壓力,而這正是不快樂和疾病的根源。)說明這種需要不斷證明自己與競爭對手同樣優(yōu)秀或超過對手從而不斷地造成焦慮和壓力,正是不幸與疾病的起因。因此,擺脫了競爭所造成的焦慮和壓力就可以享受到生命的真正快樂,因此D選項“可以遠(yuǎn)離競爭的世界”正確。A選項“社會最底層的人”與原文不符;B選項“那些社會地位很高的人”在第三段的第一句話Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.(那些社會地位較高的人也同樣焦慮。)因此B選項錯誤;C選項“覺得自己比他們的競爭對手更好”不符合原文。
4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段Isuggesttransforming...thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.(我建議把我們的社會制度從以最大限度生產(chǎn)和消費為目的的官僚管理的工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀撕统浞珠_發(fā)他的潛力——愛和理性的潛力——為一切社會安排的目的的人文主義工業(yè)主義。)因此C選項“使人能夠充分發(fā)揮他的潛力”正確。A選項“求助于我們祖先的生產(chǎn)方式”在最后一段AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteen-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.(我是在建議我們回到工業(yè)化前的生產(chǎn)方式,還是回到19世紀(jì)的“自由企業(yè)”資本主義?當(dāng)然不是。)因此作者并沒有建議我們回到之前的生產(chǎn)方式;B選項“為工人和雇員提供更高的工資”文章沒有提及;D選項“認(rèn)為基本的現(xiàn)實是理所當(dāng)然的”也與原文不符。
5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialism...developmentofhispotentialities(我建議把我們的社會制度從以最大限度生產(chǎn)和消費為目的的官僚管理的工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀撕统浞珠_發(fā)他的潛力……)可以看出,作者對現(xiàn)有工業(yè)制度的態(tài)度是不滿的,因此B選項“不滿”正確。A選項“贊同”;C選項“懷疑”;D選項“容忍”都不符合題意。
5.單選題
Themissilemissedthe(
)by1,500metersatitsfirstexperimentalflight.
問題1選項
A.destination
B.purpose
C.target
D.terminal
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Destination“目的地”;target“目標(biāo)”;purpose“目的”;terminal“末端,重點”。句意:在第一次試射中,導(dǎo)彈偏離目標(biāo)1500米。選項C符合題意。
6.單選題
Theyhave____mostcarefullythetimeandthematerialsneededtocompletetheproject.
問題1選項
A.pickedout
B.leftout
C.takenout
D.figuredout
【答案】D
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.pickedout辨認(rèn)出;挑選B.leftout排除
C.takenout除掉;帶某人出去(吃飯或看電影等)D.figuredout計算出;想出;弄明白
【答案】D
【考查點】詞組辨析。
【解題思路】句意:他們已經(jīng)非常仔細(xì)地……完成這項工程所需的時間和材料。根據(jù)句意,完成這項工程所需的時間和材料是需要他們仔細(xì)地計算出來的。因此選D。
【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均不符合句意。
【句意】他們已經(jīng)非常仔細(xì)地計算出完成這項工程所需的時間和材料。
7.單選題
Sincetheislandsoilhasbeenbarrenforsomanyyears,thenativesmustnow________muchoftheirfood.
問題1選項
A.deliver
B.import
C.produce
D.develop
【答案】B
【解析】動詞詞義辨析。deliver“交付,遞送”;import“輸入,進口”;produce“生產(chǎn),引起”;develop“發(fā)展,進步”。句意:由于島上的土壤多年來一直貧瘠,當(dāng)?shù)厝爽F(xiàn)在必須進口大多數(shù)食物。選項B符合題意。
8.單選題
SinceMr.Whitediedayearago,therehasbeendiscordinthefamilyaboutthedivisionoftheestate.
問題1選項
A.distinctions
B.disagreements
C.disadvantages
D.discussions
【答案】B
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.distinctions區(qū)別B.disagreements分歧;爭論
C.disadvantages缺點D.discussions討論
【考查點】名詞辨析。
【解題思路】分析句子可知,discord是一個名詞,dis-前綴表示否定的,那么discord可能是一個貶義詞,由關(guān)鍵信息thedivisionoftheestate(遺產(chǎn)分配問題)綜合理解可推斷,discord是指遺產(chǎn)分配上的分歧或不和,B項詞義與之相近,故該題選擇B項。
【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合劃線單詞詞義。
【句意】自從懷特先生一年前去世以來,家里在遺產(chǎn)分配問題上一直不和。
9.單選題
Headdeda()tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.
問題1選項
A.presidency
B.prestige
C.postscript
D.preliminary
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項presidency“總統(tǒng)(或董事長、會長、大學(xué)校長等)的職位(任期)”;B選項prestige“威望,聲望”;C選項postscript“附言;又及”;D選項preliminary“初步的,開始的,預(yù)備的”。句意:他在信上加了(),說他將在晚上8點前到達。這里表達的意思是“他在附言里說……”,因此C選項符合題意。
10.單選題
Foruntoldcenturiesmandependedalmostentirelyonhishuntingabilitytoobtainfood.Fromsunrisetosundown,armedwithclubsandspears,andaidedbytrainedwilddogs,hesearchedforgame—hisforemostsourceoffoodwithhisprimitiveweapons,thelargestandswiftestanimalsofteneludedhim,andthehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.
Whilethemenwerehuntinggame,thewomenandchildrensearchedforediblevegetation.Fromnearbyplantsandtreestheygatheredberries,nuts,grain,androots.Thesemeagerstaplesstayedthepainofhungerwhenthehuntersreturnedemptyhanded.Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.Thusmanledanomadicexistence.Hecouldneversettleinoneplaceforlongbecausehisgrowingpopulationoutstrippedtheavailablesupplyoffoodinthearea.
Thenmanmadeoneofhisgreatestdiscoveries—agriculture.Thisrevelationofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimalswasoneofthemajorstepsincivilization.Agriculturedidnotbyitselfcreatecivilization,butwithoutitmancouldnothavesettledinoneplacelongenoughtobuildapermanenthome.Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.Atribeormanytribesoverawideareamighthavestayedinoneplacelongenoughtoseeatruebearfruitformorethanoneseason.Theymayalsohaveobservedthatyoungplantsgrewoutofgroundtoproducefoodastheymatured.
Or,asoneanthropologistsuggests,ahandfulofwildgroinmayhavethrownontotheground,andlatertheseedsgrewintonewplants.Regardlessoftheexactcircumstances,mandideventuallyrecognizethathecouldhaveadependablesourceoffoodifheplantedseedsandlaterharvestedhiscrop.
Aftermanlearnedthathecouldgrowfood,thenextstepwasmasteringcropcultivation.Theearlyfarmerrealizedthathecouldgrowmorefoodiftheseedswerecoveredwithbrokenground.Thisinsightledtothemakingofthefirstfarmequipment-sticksshapedintospadesandhoes.Fromexaminationoftheremainsoftheearliestknownfarmingtools,archaeologistshavedeterminedthatthisoccurredaboutseventhousandyearsago.TheseimplementswerefoundintheareaknownastheFertileCrescent,whichliesbetweentheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSeaandPersianGulf.Evidencealsoindicatesthatthefarmersofthisarea—possiblythefirstintheworld—cultivatedlargewheatcrops.Totendthesecrops,thehoeandspadesweretransformedintoplows.
Aboutthesametimeasthegrowingofthefirstcrops,man,relyingontheexperiencehehadgainedintrainingwilddogstoaidinhunting,begandomesticatingotheranimals.Overtheyears,hedevelopedherdsofanimalsforfoodandtoaidinhiswork.
Withthecultivationofcropsandthedomestication,ofanimals,manhadafairlydependableandpermanentfoodsupply.Thisaccomplishmentallowedhimtimeforotherwork.Insteadofspendingmostofhiswakinghourshuntingforfood,hewasabletoestablishvillages,andhehadleisuretimetopondernewideasandkeeprecordsofeventsinhislife.Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization.
1.Theword"elude"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans().
2.Whatisthesignificanceofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimals?
3.Fromthispassagewecanconcludethat().
4.Accordingtothepassage,withthediscoveryofagriculture().
5.Duringtheperiodinwhichmanwashuntingforanimalsforfood,mancouldneverliveinoneplacepermanentlybecause().
6.Withregardtowhenandhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm,thepassage().
7.Manstoppedhisanimal-likelivingafterhe()..
問題1選項
A.abandon
B.desert
C.escape
D.mummify
問題2選項
A.Mendidn'thavetoleadanomadiclife.
B.Theydidn'thavetosearchforediblevegetation.
C.Thelargestandswiftestanimalscouldn'teludethemanymore.
D.Thisindicatesthatmenenteredthecivilizedsociety.
問題3選項
A.menmasteredcultivationmethodfromtheirexperiences
B.theylearnedhowtochaseanimalsfromwatchingthemrun
C.mensearchedforgamewithprimitiveweapons
D.sometimestheywereaidedbysometrainedwilddogs
問題4選項
A.menspentmostoftheirtimehuntingforfood
B.civilizationbegan
C.theearlyfarmermadethefirstfarmequipment
D.menbegandomesticatingotheranimals
問題5選項
A.helivedanomadiclife
B.thepopulationgrewsoquickly
C.thefoodsupplieswereexhausted
D.theanimalsoftenescapedhishunting
問題6選項
A.explainsindetails
B.providessomeguesses
C.doesn'tmentionitatall
D.offerssureanswersbyanthropologists
問題7選項
A.stoppedhuntinganimals
B.learnedtomaketoolsforhunting
C.traineddogstoaidinhunting
D.discoveredagriculture
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
第6題:B
第7題:D
【解析】1.根據(jù)下文“thehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.”獵人和他的家人經(jīng)常幾天吃不到肉,說明這些動物都躲著獵人,所以“eluded”指的是躲避,逃避;選項C正確。
2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,飼養(yǎng)植物和馴養(yǎng)動物的啟示是人類文明的重要步驟之一,并沒有說明人類進入了文明社會,所以選項D不正確;農(nóng)業(yè)本身并沒有創(chuàng)造文明,但是如果沒有農(nóng)業(yè),人類不可能在一個地方定居足夠長的時間來建立一個永久的家園。也就是說,有了農(nóng)業(yè),人不必再過游牧生活。選項A正確。
3.根據(jù)原文可知,選項B在文中沒有提及;選項C和D是文中已知的信息;根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知,人們從他們的經(jīng)驗中掌握了種植農(nóng)作物的方法。所以選項A正確。
4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類停止了動物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎(chǔ)。選項B符合原文。
5.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.”當(dāng)某一地區(qū)的野味和植物供應(yīng)被耗盡時,整個部落被迫遷移到一個新的、有希望成為更好的地區(qū)。選項C符合原文。
6.根據(jù)第三段“Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.”人類學(xué)家不確定人類何時或如何學(xué)會耕種。他們認(rèn)為這可能是偶然觀察的結(jié)果。由此可知,本文只是提供了一些猜測,所以選項B正確。
7.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類停止了動物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎(chǔ)。選項D符合原文。
11.翻譯題
我的英語有多好?對任何學(xué)習(xí)英語的人來說是最重要的一個問題。知道這個問題的答案不僅有助于樹立信心,而且如果你想取得更多的進步,知道這個答案是有用的,因為一旦知道已經(jīng)達到一個水平,你就會向下一個水平進軍。考試在學(xué)習(xí)過程中發(fā)揮另外一個重要的作用——考試證明學(xué)習(xí)者在一種語言中是否熟練。通過語言考試遠(yuǎn)不只是激勵了自己在語言方面的自尊心。如果你想到英國國家去念大學(xué),或者你想找一份需要英語技能的工作的話,通過語言考試那就至關(guān)重要了。
【答案】HowgoodismyEnglish?ItisthemostimportantquestionforanyonelearningEnglish.Knowingtheanswertothisquestionbuildsyourconfidence.Moreover,it’susefulifyouwanttomakemoreprogress,becauseonceyouknowyou’vereachedonelevel,you’llmoveontothenext.Anotherimportantroletestsplayinthelearningprocessis—theyprovealearner’sproficiencyinalanguage.Passingalanguagetestismuchmorethanaboosttoone’sself-esteeminlearningalanguage.ItisvitalforyoutopassalanguagetestifyouwanttogotouniversityintheUK,orifyouwanttogetajobrequiringEnglishskills.
12.單選題
Shesaysthefilesshelookedatweren’tconfidentialandwere()forconsultationbyanyseniormemberofstaff.
問題1選項
A.freeavailable
B.freelyavailing
C.freeavailably
D.freelyavailable
【答案】D
【解析】語法和固定搭配。根據(jù)空格前的be動詞were可知,空格處的中心詞應(yīng)該是一個形容詞。available“可獲得的,可購得的”;availably“有效用地,可獲得地”;availing為動詞avail的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。所以排除選項B和C。形容詞前可有副詞修飾,freely“免費地,自由地”,free“免費的,自由的”。句意:她說她看的文件不是機密的,并且任何高級職員都可以免費獲得這些文件的咨詢。選項D符合題意。
13.單選題
Peterhadhispiano______yesterdayandtheresultisexcellent.
問題1選項
A.tuned
B.turned
C.tied
D.wound
【答案】A
【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項tuned“(為樂器)調(diào)音,校音”;B選項turned“(使)轉(zhuǎn)動,旋轉(zhuǎn)”;C選項tied“(用線、繩等)系,拴”;D選項wound“使(身體)受傷,(用武器)傷害”。句意:彼得昨天請人給鋼琴______,結(jié)果很好。根據(jù)語境,這里A選項tuned“(為樂器)調(diào)音”搭配鋼琴比較合理,意思是請人給鋼琴調(diào)音以后,鋼琴彈出來的效果就很好了,符合題意。因此A選項正確。
14.單選題
Whatthesepeoplewantisa______existence—morefood,bettershelterandpeace.
問題1選項
A.rational
B.ambivalent
C.reluctant
D.tolerable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項rational“合理的,理性的”,B項ambivalent“矛盾的,好惡相克的”,C項reluctant“不情愿的,勉強的”,D項tolerable“可容忍的,容忍的”。由morefood,bettershelterandpeace(更多的食物,更好的住所和和平)可知,空格處是要填入一個褒義詞,B、C項排除;D項不符合語境,只有A項正確。句意:這些人想要的是一種理性的生活:更多的食物,更好的住所和和平。因此,該題選擇A項。
15.單選題
Theyaremeticulousinwork,wellawareacarelessmistakewillcostthecompanymillionsofpounds.
問題1選項
A.rathercasual
B.prettyslow
C.verycarefully
D.reallyconsiderate
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞和詞組辨析。meticulous“小心翼翼的;A選項rathercasual“非常隨便的”;B選項prettyslow“相當(dāng)慢的”;C選項verycarefully“非常小心地”;D選項reallyconsiderate“確實體貼的”。句意:在工作中,他們小心翼翼,很清楚一個粗心的錯誤將花費公司數(shù)百萬英鎊。由題干中的“wellaware很清楚”可知meticulous在這里為“小心翼翼的”的意思,因此C選項正確。
16.單選題
Despitewars,famines,andepidemics,Earth’spopulationisboomingaheadtonewrecordswithnoendinsight.
Everyday,theworldaddsenoughpeopletopopulateamedium-sizedcityintheUS.Inonemonth,thenumberofnewworldcitizensequalsthepopulationofNewYorkCity.Everyyear,thereare90millionmoremouthstofeed,morethanthetotalpopulationofGermany.
Severalfactorsarepropellingthisrapidgrowth,includinganelementthatofoftenoverlooked;thehugenumberofteenagerswhoarebecomingmothers,particularlyinthecountriesofsub-SaharanAfrica.
InfourAfricannationsNiger,Mali,SierraLeone,andIvoryCoast1outofevery5adolescentfemalesofchildbearingagehasababyannually.
TheUSBureauoftheCensussaysthishighrateofmotherhoodamongteenshashelpedtomaintainthehighpaceofbirthsacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent.Bystartingafamilyearly,atypicalwomaninSomalia,forinstance,hassevenchildrenduringherlifetime.EquallylargefamiliesaretheruleinZambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,andEthiopia.
Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren.
WhilepopulationexpertsoftenfocusonAfrica’sproblems,analystsnotethatteenagedmothersarealsofarmoreprevalentintheUnitedStatesthaninFrance,Germany,Italy,Sweden,orBritain.
Thisissue“babieshavingbabies”hasrecentlygainedprominenceintheUS.TeenagedmotherhoodintheUShasfueledanexpansionoftheState-federalwelfaresystemandbroughtcriesforwelfarereformfromlawmakers.
Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan.
Overall,thefertilityrateamongAmericansremainsrelativelylowat2.1birthsperwoman-aboutthereplacementlevel.AlthoughtheUSpopulationisexpectedtoclimbsteadily,from260milliontodayto323millionby2020,mostofthatgrowthwillcomefromimmigration.
TheCensusBureauestimatesthatinHaiti,wherethousandsofcitizensaretryingtofleetotheUSbecauseofmilitaryoppressionandpoverty,AIDSwillcuttheannualgrowthrateduringthenext25yearsfrom2.1percentto1.3percent.
ThedeclineingrowthisevensharperintheCentralAfricanRepublic,whererateswilldipfrom2.4percentto0.7percent.InThailand,whichalreadyhadlowbirthrates,ADISwilldrivepopulationdownwardto0.8percentayear.
Inthe16countriesthatarehithardest,AIDSwilllowerpopulationsby121millionoverexpectedprojectionsby2020.InAfrica,theimpactofAIDSissogreatthattrendstowardlongerlifespansduringthepast40yearsbeingreversed.Somenationswillsufferdeclinesinaveragelifespansof0to30yearscomparedwithexpectedlifespanswithoutAIDS.
IntheUS,whereAIDSisalsoasubstantialproblemtheimpactwillbelowerbecausethediseaseismostlylimitedtohomosexualsanddruguser,saysPeterWay,aCensusBureauresearch.InmanyAfricannations,AIDSisprevalentamongtheheterosexualpopulations,withsharplyboostsinfantmortality.
Acompellingchapterintheresearchdealswithaging.Todaythemedianageindevelopedcountriesis35,andthatindevelopingnationsisonly23.By2020,thecorrespondingfigureswillbe42and28.
Todaytherearefeweradultsover60(525million)thanchildrenunder5(636million).Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million.
1.Sub-SaharanAfricancountries(
).
2.Thepassagestatesteenagedbirthsare
(
).
3.ThepopulationgrowthrateintheUSis
(
).
4.Fromthefactualdatainthepassage,weknowthatbytheyear2020
(
).
5.Thepassageimpliesthatbytheyear2020(
).
問題1選項
A.willhavethelargestworldpopulationby2020
B.havethehighestreproductiverateintheworld
C.areonlymodestlyaffectedbyAIDS
D.willhaveincreasinglylonglifespan
問題2選項
A.rareindevelopedcountries
B.mostprevalentinIndonesia
C.commoninRwanda
D.solelyresponsibleforpopulationincrease
問題3選項
A.higherthanthatinIndia
B.lowerthanthatinMexico
C.higherthanthatinIndonesia
D.lowerthanthatinSouthAmerica
問題4選項
A.thepopulationgrowthratesinThailandwillhaveincreased
B.therewillbedisproportionatenumberofolderpeople
C.USpopulationgrowthratewillstabilize
D.theaverageageofEuropeanswillbe35
問題5選項
A.birthrateswillbecurbedindevelopingcountries
B.therewillnolongerbeapopulationproblem
C.therewillbetoomanyyoungchildren
D.thedistributionoftheworld’spopulationwillhavealtered
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“撒哈拉以南非洲國家……”。文章第六段提到“人口出生率記錄的現(xiàn)在保持者是飽受戰(zhàn)亂的盧旺達,那里一位母親至少有八個或九個小孩”(Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren),由此可知選項B“有世界上最強的繁殖能力”符合題意,
2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章稱青少年當(dāng)母親……”。提到“人口出生率記錄的現(xiàn)在保持者是飽受戰(zhàn)亂的盧旺達,那里一位母親至少有八個或九個小孩”(Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren),由此可知在盧旺達生孩子的年齡偏小是中普遍現(xiàn)象,選項C符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“美國人口增長率……”。文章第九段提到“由于美國高的青少年為人母比率高,它的出生率現(xiàn)在跟上了印度尼西亞和非洲的部分地區(qū),比墨西哥,印度以及巴基斯坦稍微高些”(Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan),由此可知選項A符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文中的實際數(shù)字,我們知道到2020年的時候……”。文章最后一段最后一句話提到“隨著世界人口老齡化,到2020年,60歲以上的人口將超過10億,而5歲以下的人口總數(shù)將達到7.71億”(Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million),選項B“將出現(xiàn)比例失調(diào)的老年人數(shù)量”符合題意。
5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章暗示到2020年……”。文章提到了不同國家的人口出生率,以及最后提到世界人口老齡化程度加劇,都說明世界人口分布將發(fā)生變化,選項D符合題意。
17.單選題
TheartistoftheRenaissancewasanall-roundman.Fromhisstudioonecouldorderapaintingforthechurchaltar,acarvedweddingchest,asilverewer,oracrucifix.ThemasteroftheworkshopmightbesculpturingaVenusfortheduke’sgardenwhilehisapprenticeswereroughingstatuesforthenewchapel.Manyofthewell-knownpaintersofthatgoldenperiodweregoldsmiths,workersinglass,enameloriron.Theengineerwasartistandtheartistwasengineer.ThegreatLeonardo,famoustodayasthepainterofTheLastSupperandMonaLisa,wasperhapsequallywellknowninthe16thcenturyforhisengineeringprojectsandhisscientificexperiments.OurownThomasA.Edisonpronouncedhimthegreatestinventivegeniusofhistime.
1.AnimportantcenturyintheRenaissancewas(
).
2.Whenwewanttosaythatamancoulddomanythings,wesayheis
(
).
3.Thewordforhelperinthispassageis
(
).
4.ThepainteroftheLastSupperwas
(
).
5.Awordforinventiveis(
).
問題1選項
A.thetwelfth
B.theeighteenth
C.thefourteenth
D.thesixteenth
問題2選項
A.anartist-engineer
B.apainter
C.equallywell-known
D.anall-roundman
問題3選項
A.master
B.worker
C.apprentice
D.goldsmith
問題4選項
A.MonaLisa
B.aduke
C.Leonardo
D.ThomasEdison
問題5選項
A.creative
B.scientific
C.engineer
D.genius
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章中提到達芬奇生活在16世紀(jì),本段說的就是文藝復(fù)興時期的藝術(shù)家。因此可推斷16世紀(jì)就是文藝復(fù)興時期的一個重要世紀(jì)。D選項正確。
2.語義推斷題。文章第一句就稱文藝復(fù)興時期的藝術(shù)家為“all-roundman全才”從第二句開始就描寫了一個藝術(shù)家的多重身份,由此可知,具備多方面的才能的人就是“全才”,D選項正確。
3.語義推斷題。A選項master“主人;大師”;B選項worker“工人;勞動者”;C選項apprentice“學(xué)徒;生手”;D選項goldsmith“金匠”。這四個身份中,唯一與helper“助手”相關(guān)的詞應(yīng)是C選項學(xué)徒,第三句說到“ThemasteroftheworkshopmightbesculpturingaVenusfortheduke’sgardenwhilehisapprenticeswereroughingstatuesforthenewchapel.作坊的大師可能正在為公爵的花園雕刻維納斯雕像,而他的學(xué)徒們則在為新教堂雕刻雕像的毛坯。”說明學(xué)徒們只是助手角色,因此C選項正確。
4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。在倒數(shù)第二句中提到“thegreatLeonardo,famoustodayasthepainterofTheLastSupperandMonaLisa”可知Leonardo是TheLastSupper的畫家。C選項正確。
5.語義推斷題。Incentive在文中是愛迪生用來形容Leonardo(達芬奇)的,后面的名詞是genius“天才”。A選項creative“創(chuàng)造性的”;B選項scientific“科學(xué)的”;C選項engineer“工程師”;D選項genius“天才”。C和D詞性不符合,B選項一般不用來形容天才,因此A選項正確的。incentive本義表示“發(fā)明的”。
18.單選題
Onestudentafteranother(
)uptoanswertheteacher’squestions.
問題1選項
A.stand
B.stands
C.standing
D.tostand
【答案】B
【解析】考查主謂一致。分析句子,可知“____up”為謂語動詞,“toanswertheteacher’squestions”為不定式作目的狀語,故排除C、D。one...afteranother(一個接一個)后面的謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,因此選B。句意:學(xué)生一個接一個站起來回答老師的問題。
19.單選題
Shesaidthatshehad(
)couragetofight(
)brutalmanbecauseshehad(
)supportfrom(
)Lord.
問題1選項
A.thea...the.../
B./...a...the/
C.a...a...the...the
D.the...a...thethe
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠詞的用法。courage是不可數(shù)名詞,用the修飾;man是可數(shù)名詞,且上文沒有提及過,用不定冠詞修飾;support指從Lord那里得到的支持,特指,用the修飾;Lord是專有名詞,且獨一無二,用the修飾。因此,選項D符合題意。
20.單選題
Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.
問題1選項
A.trite
B.haggard
C.poundage
D.sighted
【答案】A
【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項trite“陳腐的,平庸的,老一套的”;B選項haggard“憔悴的,野性的,(鷹)未馴服的”;C選項poundage“按每磅收取的手續(xù)費或稅金,磅重總數(shù)”;D選項sighted“有視力的,不盲的”。句意:是的,這是一個陳詞濫調(diào),但政治是可能的藝術(shù)。Hackneyed“陳腐的,平庸的”,A選項與該詞意思最相近,因此A選項正確。
21.單選題
Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despite
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