考研考博-英語-國際關(guān)系學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-國際關(guān)系學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Heisvery（）ofhisconductandpromisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sorry

B.miserable

C.ashamed

D.guilty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sorry“遺憾的；對不起的”；B選項(xiàng)miserable“悲慘的；痛苦的”；C選項(xiàng)ashamed“羞愧的；慚愧的”；D選項(xiàng)guilty“內(nèi)疚的”。句意：他對自己的行為非?！⒈ＷC再也不那樣做了。由promisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.（保證再也不會那樣做了。）可知他對自己的行為表示羞愧，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

TheUnitedNationLawoftheSeaConferencewouldsoonproduceanocean-miningtreaty

followingits（）declarationin1970thatoceansweretheheritageofmankind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unanimous

B.abstract

C.autonomous

D.almighty

【答案】A

【解析】固定用法。unanimous意見一致的，無異議的；abstract抽象的；autonomous自

治的；almighty全能的。unanimous與declaration連用,表示達(dá)成一致的聲明。

3.單選題

Diggingthefoundationisthefirst（

）ofourbuildingproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.procession

B.solution

C.phase

D.achievement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。procession“行列；游行”；solution“解決”；phase“階段”；achievement“成就；成績”。句意：我們工程的第一個階段是挖地基。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise.Millionsofindividualsbecame（1）inavarietyofaerobicactivities,and（2）thousandsofhealthspas（3）aroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthis（4）interestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexisted（5）tothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.However,their（6）wasnotonaerobics,（7）onweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,（8）,andenduranceintheirprimarilymale（9）.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefit（10）fromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprograms（11）few,if（12）,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasingly（13）formalesandforfemales.Many（14）programsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutonaerobicfitnessaswell.（15）,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarily（16）suchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedto（17）inathletics.（18）,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealth（19）aswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenow（20）thatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imposed

B.engaged

C.confined

D.illustrated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.affluently

B.eligibly

C.gorgeously

D.literally

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.enhanced

B.manifested

C.developed

D.established

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.emerging

B.hovering

C.intriguing

D.mingling

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.prior

B.entitled

C.liable

D.subjected

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.action

B.focus

C.cements

D.snap

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.orelse

C.and

D.butrather

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.strength

B.nutrition

C.tolerance

D.ambition

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.practitioners

B.enthusiasts

C.referees

D.recipients

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.financially

B.particularly

C.legitimately

D.excessively

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.presented

B.offered

C.indicated

D.demonstrated

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.something

B.some

C.anything

D.any

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.vigorous

C.intelligible

D.formidable

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.current

B.primitive

C.uneven

D.incredible

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.Practically

B.Eventually

C.Essentially

D.Historically

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.ifonly

C.although

D.nowthat

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.performance

B.harassment

C.identification

D.portrayal

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.Moreover

B.Therefore

C.However

D.Anyway

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.advantages

B.benefits

C.interests

D.profits

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.recommends

B.reassures

C.speculates

D.mediates

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】第1題:考查動詞辨析。impose利用;強(qiáng)加于；engage吸引;從事;參與;confine限制；illustrate闡明;舉例說明。這里表示“數(shù)百萬人開始參與各種有氧運(yùn)動”，因此本題選B。

第2題:考查副詞辨析。affluently富裕地;eligibly可被選地：適當(dāng)?shù)?；gorgeously華美地;輝煌地;literally不夸張地：實(shí)際上;確實(shí)地。這里表示:數(shù)百萬人開始參與各種有氧運(yùn)動，實(shí)際上數(shù)以千計的健康溫泉…。因此D符合句意。

第3題:考查動詞辨析。enhance加強(qiáng);manifest證明;表明;develop發(fā)展;開發(fā);形成;establish建造;建立。此處句意為:數(shù)千的減肥溫泉療養(yǎng)地為了利用這個對健身出現(xiàn)的興趣而在全國形成，因此C正確。

第4題:考查動詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。emerge出現(xiàn);浮現(xiàn);hover盤旋;躊躇;intrigue激起…的興趣;mingle(使)與…結(jié)合;使混合。此處選A項(xiàng)比較合適，表示“新興的”。

第5題:考查形容詞辨析。prior優(yōu)先的,priorto在……之前;居先;entitled有資格的，entitledto有權(quán)享有…；有…的資格；liable傾向于，liableto易于…；subjected使從屬的，subjectedto遭受；承受；使某人經(jīng)歷某事?？崭窈蟊硎?然而，它們的…不在有氧運(yùn)動上，因此這里指代“先于有氧運(yùn)動的一些水療健身中心”，故選A。

第6題:考查名詞辨析。action行動;focus關(guān)注;cement水泥；接合劑;snap噼啪聲;突然折斷。根據(jù)空格前后可知這里表示“它們不關(guān)注……，而關(guān)注...”。

第7題:考查連詞辨析。這里表示“它們不關(guān)注……，而關(guān)注...”。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第8題:考查名詞辨析。strength力量;nutrition營養(yǎng)；tolerance容忍；ambition抱負(fù)。由空格前muscularmass(肌肉塊)以及空格后endurance(耐力)可知這里指代“重量訓(xùn)練被設(shè)計來形成肌肉塊,力量和耐力”。故選A。

第9題:考查名詞辨析。practitioner實(shí)踐者;enthusiast狂熱追求者;referee裁判;調(diào)解人;介紹人;recipient接受者。這里表示“對男子氣概的狂熱追求者”，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

第10題:考查副詞辨析。financially經(jīng)濟(jì)上;財政上;particularly特別地;具體地；legitimately合理地;正當(dāng)?shù)?；excessively過分地;極度。此處句意為:重量訓(xùn)練健身沒有在經(jīng)濟(jì)上從為了更健康的有氧健身運(yùn)動中受益。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

第11題:考查動詞辨析。present提出;呈現(xiàn);offer提供;indicate表明;demonstrate證明?？崭裉巹釉~的賓語是healthbenefits(對健康的好處)，因此B符合句意。

第12題:考查固定搭配。Ifany表示“如果有的話”。

第13題:考查形容詞辨析。popular流行的：vigorous精力充沛的;；intelligible可理解的;明了的；formidable強(qiáng)大的；可畏的。此處句意為:重量訓(xùn)練已再次變得越來越流行，因此A符合句意。

第14題:考查形容詞辨析。current現(xiàn)在的;流通的;通用的;最近的;primitive原始的;遠(yuǎn)古的;簡單的;uneven不平均的;不平坦的;incredible難以置信的，驚人的。該處句意為:目前許多項(xiàng)目不僅注重發(fā)展肌肉力量和耐力，還注重有氧健身。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

第15題:考查副詞辨析。Practically實(shí)際地;事實(shí)上;Eventually最后，終于;Essentially本質(zhì)上；本來;Historically歷史上地;從歷史觀點(diǎn)上說。這里指代“過去的健身內(nèi)容”，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第16題:考查連詞辨析。由空格前“notforhealth-relatedreasons不是因?yàn)榕c健康有關(guān)的原因”及轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but而是”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

第17題:考查名詞辨析。performance表現(xiàn)；harassment騷擾；煩惱；identification鑒定;辨認(rèn);確認(rèn)；portrayal描繪；畫像。由空格后inathletics(在體育運(yùn)動上)可知A項(xiàng)符合句意。

第18題:考查副詞辨析。Moreover而且;此外;Therefore因此;所以;However然而;可是;Anyway無論如何，不管怎樣?？崭窈竺媸菍η懊鎯?nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

第19題:考查名詞辨析。advantages優(yōu)勢；有利;benefits益處;.利益；interests利益；興趣，愛好：profits收益，紅利；盈利。這里表示“運(yùn)動帶來的健康益處”，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

第20題:考查動詞辨析。recommend建議；推薦，介紹；勸告；reassure使安心，使消除疑慮；speculate推測；投機(jī)；mediate調(diào)停;調(diào)解。這里應(yīng)該用一個表示“建議”的詞引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣:bepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans(be動詞前省略了should)。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Themarketformanufacturedgoodsiswhateconomistscall“imperfect”,becauseeachcompanyhasitsownstyle,itsownreputation,anditsownlocations;andalloftheartsofadvertisementandsalesman-shiparedevotedtomakingitevenmoreimperfectbyattractingbuyerstoparticularbrandnames.EvensmallbusinessesthatdependuponoutsideChannelsofretaildistributionmayhavethefinalsayinwhatpricestheywillcharge,andgreatcorporationscandifferentiatetheirgoodsinordertocreatedemandofthem.

Inthistypeofmarket,supplynormallyisveryclastic—thatisresponsivetodemand—intheshortrun.Stocksorinventoriesareheldatsomepointinthechainofdistribution;whilestocksarerunningdownorbuildingup,thereistimetochangethelevelofproduction,andonceapricehasbeenset,itisrarelyalteredinresponsetomoderatechangesindemand.Eveninadeepslump,defensiveringsmaybeformedtopreventpricecutting.

Inthelongrun,aswellasintheshort,supplyisresponsivetodemandinthemarketformanufactures.Itiseasiertochangethecompositionofafirm'soutputthanitistochangetheproduction.Andwhenchangesindemandarenottoorapid,grossprofitsfromoneplantcanbesiphonedoffandinvestedinsomethingdifferent.Whenbusinessisgood,moreover,thereiscontinualnewinvestmentsothatproductivecapacityisadaptedtomeetingchangingrequirements.Workersthemselvesmaynotevenbeawareofchangesinthefinalcommoditiestowhichtheirworkcontributes,andthelevelofwagesforanygradeoffactorylabourisverylittleaffectedbythefortunesofaparticularmarket.

1.The“imperfection”ofthemarketformanufacturedgoodsisreflectedinallofthefollowingaspects,expect（

）.

2.Inthemarketformanufacturedgoods,

（

）isusuallynotresponsivetomoderatechangesindemand.

3.Accordingtothispassage,

（

）isnotresponsivetodemandinthemarketformanufactures.

4.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedistinctivestyleofeachcompany

B.theattemptsofadvertisementtoattractbuyerstoparticularbrandnames

C.thetendencyforthepricesofthesamegoodstoequalizequickly

D.thefreedomofsmallbusinessestodecidethepricestheywillcharge

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepriceofaproductifithasbeenset

B.supply

C.stocksorinventories

D.thelevelofproduction

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.intheshortrun,supply

B.inthelongrun,supply

C.thelevelofwagesforfactorylabour

D.theproductivecapacityofabusiness

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MarketsforManufactures

B.“Imperfect”Markets

C.SupplyandDemand

D.GreatCorporationandSmallBusinesses

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“制成品市場的‘不完美’體現(xiàn)在下列部分，除了……”。文章第一段第一句提到“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家稱制成品市場不完美，因?yàn)槊考夜居懈髯缘娘L(fēng)格、名譽(yù)及地理位置等”（Themarketformanufacturedgoodsiswhateconomistscall“imperfect”,becauseeachcompanyhasitsownstyle,itsownreputation,anditsownlocations），因此選項(xiàng)A“每家公司有獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格”排除；第一段提到“所有的廣告藝術(shù)和銷售技巧都致力于通過吸引顧客特定的品牌，使其更加不完美”（andalloftheartsofadvertisementandsalesman-shiparedevotedtomakingitevenmoreimperfectbyattractingbuyerstoparticularbrandnames），所以選項(xiàng)B“廣告試圖去將消費(fèi)者吸引到特定的產(chǎn)品名稱上”在文中提到了，排除；第一段第二句話提到“即使是依賴于外部零售渠道的小企業(yè)，也可能對自己的定價擁有最終決定權(quán)”（EvensmallbusinessesthatdependuponoutsideChannelsofretaildistributionmayhavethefinalsayinwhatpricestheywillcharge），選項(xiàng)D“小公司有決定自己價格的自由”在文中提及，排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在制成品市場，下列哪項(xiàng)不需要經(jīng)常隨市場需求而變化”。文章第二段第二句的后半段提到“一旦價格確定了，它很少會隨市場需求而變化”（andonceapricehasbeenset,itisrarelyalteredinresponsetomoderatechangesindemand），選項(xiàng)A“確定了的價格”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“從文章中可得知，下列哪項(xiàng)不會反應(yīng)市場對制成品的需求”。文章最后一段最后半句提到“任何級別的工廠勞動力的工資水平受特定市場的影響很小”（andthelevelofwagesforanygradeoffactorylabourisverylittleaffectedbythefortunesofaparticularmarket），因此選項(xiàng)C“勞動力的工資水平”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題是……”。文章第一段提出話題——“不完美”的市場，隨后段落都是圍繞這個話題展開敘述，因此，最佳標(biāo)題是選項(xiàng)B。

6.單選題

Thepooroldmanwas（

）withdiabetesandwithoutpropermedicaltreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。suffer“遭受”；afflict“折磨”；induce“誘導(dǎo)”；infect“感染”。句意：這為可憐的老人患有糖尿病，如果沒有適當(dāng)?shù)闹委煟蜁适б暳?，很快就會殘廢。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Wedon’tthinkthathis（

）abilityhasbeenwelldeveloped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.potential

C.initial

D.invisible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。possible“可能的”；potential“有潛力的”；initial“最初的”；invisible“看不見的”。句意：我們認(rèn)為他的潛力沒有被好好挖掘。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.翻譯題

從一定角度上看，教育的目的實(shí)質(zhì)上就是通過生存知識的獲得和生存能力的提高而使受教育者為未來的生活做好準(zhǔn)備；而社會教育就是通過社會方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的。對于任何人來說，生活可以有兩個目標(biāo)：一是達(dá)到或維持基本的生存水平，二是提高到更高層次。為達(dá)到這兩個目標(biāo)——其實(shí)生活中它們是融合在一起的，一般不會有人把兩者割裂開來——任何時代、任何區(qū)域和社會階層都會對作為社會成員生活在這一時空與社會交叉點(diǎn)上的人有一個基本或起碼的知識和能力客觀要求。

【答案】Fromacertainpointofview,thepurposeofeducationistomaketheeducatedprepareforthefuturelifethroughtheacquisitionofsurvivalknowledgeandtheimprovementofsurvivalability.Socialeducationistoachievethisgoalthroughsocialmeans.Foranyone,lifecanhavetwogoals.Oneistoachieveormaintainabasiclevelofsurvival,andtheotheristoimprovetoahigherlevel.Inordertoachievethesetwogoals—infact,theyareintegratedinlife,andgenerallynoonewillcutthemapart—anyera,anyregionandsocialclasswillhaveabasicorminimumobjectiverequirementofknowledgeandabilityforpeoplelivingattheintersectionoftime,spaceandsocietyasmembersofthesociety.

9.單選題

Idon’tthinkthebuildingwaswell（

）andconstructed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deceived

B.perceived

C.conceived

D.achieved

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。deceive意為“欺詐”；perceive意為“意識到，察覺到”；conceive意為“想出，構(gòu)想，設(shè)想”；achieve意為“取得”。

句意：我覺得這棟建筑構(gòu)思不太巧妙，也修建得不太好。

10.單選題

Youdon’thavetotakeallthecoursesifyouhavenointerestinthem.Theyare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.optical

C.elementary

D.critical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”；B選項(xiàng)optical“光學(xué)的；視覺的”；C選項(xiàng)elementary“基本的；初級的”；D選項(xiàng)critical“至關(guān)重要的”。句意：如果你對這些課程不感興趣的話，那么你不必全部都上。它們是……。不必上所有的課程，因?yàn)樗鼈兪强梢赃x修的。故選A。

11.單選題

Aloneinthedesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt（

）lonely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nothingbut

B.anythingbut

C.allbut

D.everythingbut

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nothingbut只有，只不過；anythingbut根本不，決不；allbut幾乎，差不多。句意：雖然他獨(dú)自待在一個荒蕪的房子里，但他忙于他的研究工作以至于他一點(diǎn)也不感到孤獨(dú)。由“hewassobusywithhisresearchwork”可知，他忙于研究，一點(diǎn)也不覺得孤獨(dú)。答案B

12.單選題

Allthepartsofthismodelofautomobileare（

）,sothatyoucaneasilyreplacethemeverywhere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modernized

B.standardized

C.mechanized

D.normalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。modernize“使現(xiàn)代化”；standardize“使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢驗(yàn)”；mechanize“使機(jī)械化”；normalize“使變得正?！?。句意：這種型號的汽車的所有部件都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，所以你可以很容易到處更換。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

______theprecisequalitiesoftheheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,theelementaryfunctionsoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatever

B.Eventhough

C.Inspiteof

D.Regardless

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子邏輯。由題干可知，這里需要的是一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，A項(xiàng)whatever“無論如何”詞性不對；C項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管，不管”一般是主觀上故意去忽視，有時往往是好的條件，因素，或他人的建議，很可能導(dǎo)致不好的結(jié)果，和題意不符；D項(xiàng)regardless“不管”必須后面接of才能連接從句；所以選擇B項(xiàng)eventhough“即使。句意：歷代文學(xué)作品中的英雄本色雖各有千秋，但其昭世功力卻是恒古不變的。因此，該題正確答案為B。

14.單選題

TheexhibitionattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyCenter（

）suchendangeredanimalsasthegiantpandaandtheSiberiantigeranddescribestheworkbeingdonetoprotectthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detects

B.exploits

C.features

D.survive

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。detect察覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)；exploit利用，開發(fā)；feature以...為特色；survive幸存，生還。句意：在上?？萍贾行呐e辦的展覽以大熊貓和東北虎等瀕危動物為特色，并且描述了保護(hù)它們所做的工作。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

15.單選題

（）onlyonemovingsoulinthecenterofalltheorbitsthatisthesunwhichdrivestheplanetsthemorevigorouslytheclosertheplanetis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asexists

B.Althoughexisting

C.Thereexists

D.Whereexisting

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。C選項(xiàng)的thereexist是therebe句型的變形。需認(rèn)清句中關(guān)系詞that的先行詞是onemovingsoul。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Creamisayellowishoil-in-water（）whichformsWhenmilkisallowedtostand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emulsion

B.albumen

C.embrocation

D.yolk

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。emulsion“乳劑”；albumen“蛋白”；embrocation“擦劑”；yolk“蛋黃”。句意：奶油是一種淡黃色的水包油乳劑，牛奶凝固就可形成奶油。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Theoldcoupledecidedto（）aboythoughtheyhadthreechildrenown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.bring

C.receive

D.adopt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“（使）適應(yīng)，改編”，常用“adaptoneselftosth.適應(yīng)……”；B選項(xiàng)bring“帶來”；C選項(xiàng)receive“收到”；D選項(xiàng)adopt“采納，收養(yǎng)，選定”。句意：雖然這對老夫婦已經(jīng)有了三個孩子，但他們還是決定（）一個男孩。這里要表達(dá)的意思是“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個男孩”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Herarduouseffortshadsappedherenergy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.monotonous

B.strenuous

C.autonomous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.monotonous單調(diào)乏味的；毫無變化的B.strenuous緊張的；費(fèi)力的；艱苦的

C.autonomous自治的；自主的D.spontaneous自發(fā)的；非籌劃安排的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：她的艱苦努力耗盡了她的精力。劃線詞arduous意為“努力的；費(fèi)力的”。B選項(xiàng)strenuous“緊張的；費(fèi)力的；艱苦的”與之意思相近。選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】她的艱苦努力耗盡了她的精力。

19.翻譯題

首先，額外的學(xué)習(xí)對孩子的身體發(fā)育是不利的。教育專家指出，孩子在枯燥的教室里待了一整天之后，參加一些體育活動，而不是額外的學(xué)習(xí)，是非常重要的。孩子們正處于身體快速發(fā)育時期，缺乏體育鍛煉可能會對他們的生活造成嚴(yán)重的影響。第二，從心理上講，大部分孩子似乎對額外學(xué)習(xí)沒有什么好感。當(dāng)別的孩子玩耍的時候，很難想象一個學(xué)生能把精力集中在課本上。而且，由于要額外地學(xué)習(xí)，孩子們沒有多少時間和同齡的孩子玩耍和交流,很難培養(yǎng)他們的交際能力。他們可能變得孤僻，甚至產(chǎn)生某些心理疾病。通過以上討論我們可以得出結(jié)論：盡管額外的學(xué)習(xí)的確有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它的缺點(diǎn)不可忽視，遠(yuǎn)大于它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此，放學(xué)后強(qiáng)迫孩子學(xué)習(xí)是不明智的。任何家長都應(yīng)非常重視孩子在學(xué)習(xí)和玩耍這兩方面的平衡，正如那句老話：只學(xué)習(xí)，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會變傻。

【答案】First,additionallearningisdetrimentaltochildren’sphysicaldevelopment.Educationalexpertspointoutthattakingsomesportactivitiesinsteadofextrastudyisveryimportantforchildrenafterspendingthewholedayinaboringclassroom.Childrenareundergoingrapidphysicaldevelopmentandlackingphysicalexercisemightseverelyaffecttheirfuturelife.Second,psychologicallyspeaking,themajorityofchildrendonotseemtolikeextrastudy.Whenotherchildrenareplaying,itishardtoimagineastudentcanbeabsorbedinhistextbook.Furthermore,childrendonothavemuchtimetoplayandcommunicatewiththeirpeersbecauseoftheextralearning.Itisthereforedifficulttodeveloptheirinterpersonalabilities.Theymaybecomewithdrawn,andevensuffercertainmentalillness.Therefore,fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaydrawtheconclusionthat,althoughextrastudyindeedhasmanyobviousadvantages,itsdisadvantagesshouldn’tbeignoredandfarout-weighitsadvantages.Itisthereforeabsurdtoforcechildrentotakeextrastudyafterschool.Anyparentsshouldmakesuretheirchildrenkeepabalancebetweenplayandstudy,astheoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

20.單選題

InauguratedasecondtimeonMarch4,1901,（

）focusedondomesticratherthanforeignpolicies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.WilliamMcKinley’snewtermlookedforwardtoand

B.thenewtermlookedforwardtoWilliamMcKinleyand

C.lookingforwardtoanewtermwasWilliamMcKinley

D.WilliamMcKinleylookedforwardtoanewterm

【答案】D

【解析】句意:威廉?麥金利于1901年3月4日第二次就職，他期待一個新的主要集中于國內(nèi)事務(wù)而不是外交政策的階段。

語法題?？疾閯釉~過去分詞。句中前半句Inaugurated為Inaugurat的過去分詞作時間狀語。因此后半句為主句,而且主語為人,排除B、C。A項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ookforwardto后而應(yīng)跟名詞或動名詞。故選D。

21.單選題

Beforethedisastrousearthquaketherewas（）chaos.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.massive

B.ominous

C.suspending

D.imminent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)massive“巨大的，大量的”；B選項(xiàng)ominous“預(yù)兆的，不吉利的”；C選項(xiàng)suspending“暫停，延緩”；D選項(xiàng)imminent“即將發(fā)生的，臨近的”，句意：在災(zāi)難性的地震發(fā)生之前，發(fā)生了大規(guī)模的混亂。結(jié)合句意，只有A選項(xiàng)符合。

22.單選題

China’s（

）culturalheritageshouldbebetterprotectedthroughincreasedeffortstopreserveendangeredart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indivisible

B.intelligible

C.intangible

D.inalienable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indivisible“分不開的，不可分割的”；B選項(xiàng)intelligible“易懂的，容易理解的”；C選項(xiàng)intangible“難以形容（或理解）的，無形的（指沒有實(shí)體存在的資本性資產(chǎn)）”；D選項(xiàng)inalienable“不可剝奪（或分割）的”。由culturalheritage（文化遺產(chǎn)）及語境可知選C。句意：中國的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)應(yīng)該通過加大努力保護(hù)瀕危藝術(shù)而得到更好的保護(hù)。

23.單選題

Anyobserverwillagreethatnotallthat[A]surroundsnon-remunerateddonation[B]iscompletelyaltruisticandthatsometimestoomuchuse[C]ismadeinsomecountriesofformsofcompensationofgratificationthat[D]isnotmonetarybutneverthelesshavevalue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surrounds

B.is

C.ismade

D.is

【答案】D

【解析】考查主謂一致。D選項(xiàng)處is的主語是formsofcompensationofgratification，為復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此謂語動詞也要保持一致，應(yīng)把此處is改為are。

24.單選題

AgriculturalprogressprovidedthestimulusnecessarytosetoffeconomicexpansioninmedievalFrance.Aslongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.

However,notallthefundsfromtheagriculturalsurpluswereactuallyavailableforcommercialinvestment.Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.AlthoughLouisVIIofFranceleviedalesscrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidEngland’sHenryII,LouisVIIdidspendgreatsumsonanunsuccessfulcrusade,andhisvassals—bothlayandecclesiastic—tookoverspendingwheretheirsovereignstopped.SurplusfundswereclaimedbothbytheChurchandbyfeudallandholders,whereuponcathedralsandcastlesmushroomedthroughoutFrance.

Thesimultaneousprogressofcathedralbuildingand,forinstance,vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests;theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches,butthelatterhadastrongerimmediateimpactupongrossnationalproduct.Moreover,thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.

Sincedemandsontheagriculturalsurpluswouldhavevariedfromyeartoyear,wecannotpreciselycalculatetheirimpactonthecommercialgrowthofmedievalFrance.Butwemustbearthatimpactinmindwhenestimatingtheassetsthatwerelikelytohavebeenavailableforinvestment.Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.Evenwarshandedbackafragmentofwhattheytook,atleasttoafew.Still,wecannotplaceonthesameplaneaprimarilydestructiveactivityandaconstructiveone,norexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermill.Aboveall,medievalFrancehadlittleroomforinvestmentoverandabovethepreservationoflife.Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.

1.Accordingtothepassage,agriculturalrevenuesinexcessoftheamountneededforsubsistencewereusedbymedievalkingsto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanimportantsourceofrevenueinmedievalFrance?

3.ThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldhavereducedtheassetsimmediatelyavailableforcommercialinvestmentinmedievalFrance?

I.Renovationofalargecathedral

II.Asharpincreaseinthebirthrate

III.AninvasionofFrancebyHenryII

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmorepeoplecouldentergovernmentandtheChurchinmedievalFrancebecause（

）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthatthereasonwecannotexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermillisthat（

）.

6.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablybaseshiscentralargumentonwhichofthefollowingtheoreticalassumptionsoftenmadebyeconomists?

7.TheauthorsuggeststhatcommercialexpansioninmedievalFrance“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”(lines59-60)primarilyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

8.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingyieldedthelowestdividendtomedievalmenandwomenrelativetoitscost?

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.patronizethearts

B.sponsorpublicrecreation

C.wagewar

D.buildcathedrals

E.fundpubliceducation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Cheese

B.Wine

C.Wool

D.Oliveoil

E.Veal

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.IIIonly

B.IandIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,II,andIII

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberofindividuallandholdingsinheavilyagriculturalareaswasbeginningtoincrease

B.anincreaseinthevolumeofinternationaltradehadbroughtanincreaseinthepopulationofcities

C.adecreaseinwarfarehadallowedthekingtodecreasethesizeofthearmy

D.foodproducerscouldgrowmorefoodthantheyandtheirfamiliesneededtosurvive

E.landlordswereprosperingandthusweredemandingasmallerpercentageoftenants’annualyields

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.belltowersyieldanintangibledividend

B.belltowersprovidematerialsatisfaction

C.watermillscostmoretobuildthanbelltowers

D.watermillsdivertfundsfromcommerce

E.watermillsmightwellbedestroyedbywar

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Differentpeopleshouldbetaxedinproportiontothebenefittheycanexpecttoreceivefrompublicactivity.

B.Perfectcompetitionexistsonlyinthecasewherenofarmer,merchant,orlaborercontrolsalargeenoughshareofthetotalmarkettoinfluencemarketprice.

C.Apopulationwealthyenoughtocutbackitsrateofconsumptioncanfunneltheresultingsavingsintothecreationofcapital.

D.Afull-employmenteconomymustalways,toproduceonegood,giveupproducinganothergood.

E.Thereisauniversaltendencyforpopulation,unlesscheckedbyfoodsupply,toincreaseinageometricprogression.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Cathedralscostmoretobuildandrebuildthandidcastles.

B.Thenumerouswarsfoughtduringtheperiodlefttheroyaltreasurybankrupt.

C.LouisVIIleviedamorecrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidHenryII.

D.Althoughmuchoftheavailablesurplushadbeendivertedintovineyardexpansion,thevineyardshadnotyetbeguntoproduce.

E.Althoughmorefoodwasbeingproduced,thesubsistencelevelwasnotveryfarabovetheminimumrequiredtosustainlife.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.Warfare

B.Vineyardexpansion

C.Watermillconstruction

D.Castlebuilding

E.Cathedralbuilding

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.CommercialgrowthinmedievalFrancemaybeaccuratelycomputedbycalculatingthenumberofcastlesandcathedralsbuiltduringtheperiod.

B.CompetitionbetweentheChurchandthefeudalaristocracyforfundscreatedbyagriculturalsurplusdemonstrablyslowedtheeconomicgrowthofmedievalFrance.

C.Despitesuchburdensaswarandcapitalexpansionbylandholders,commerceinmedievalFranceexpandedsteadilyastheagriculturalsurplusincreased.

D.FundsactuallyavailableforcommerceinmedievalFrancevariedwiththedemandsplacedontheagriculturalsurplus.

E.ThesimultaneousprogressofvineyardexpansionandbuildinginmedievalFrancegivesevidenceofarapidlyexpandingeconomy.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:E

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:E

第8題:A

第9題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“inexcessoftheamount”“subsistence”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第二段第二句。“Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.（以糧食增長形式出現(xiàn)的大部分盈余，很可能用于提高生活水平；又有因賣糧所得的銀錢，用以打仗。）”即可得出本題答案。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位原文第三段。根據(jù)“vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests（波爾多葡萄園的擴(kuò)張表明，教會和商業(yè)利益之間對可用資本的爭奪非常激烈）”即可得出本題答案。

3.

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“commercialinvestment”“medievalFrance”，將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第三段。根據(jù)“theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches”“thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.”從而得出本題答案。

4.事實(shí)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“entergovernmentandtheChurch”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第一段最后一句。“Aslongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.（只要那些耕種土地的人勉強(qiáng)能夠保證他們自己和他們的地主的生存，所有其他活動都必須盡量減少，但是，當(dāng)糧食盈余增加時，就有可能釋放更多的人從事政府、商業(yè)、宗教和文化活動。）”即可得出本題答案。

5.

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“newbelltower”“newwatermill”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第四段第五句。根據(jù)第四段第三句，“Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.（毫無疑問，城堡和大教堂的建設(shè)并不是完全沒有利潤（也就是說，對建筑者來說），它為社會帶來了無形的物質(zhì)和道德滿足的紅利。）”即可得出本題答案。

6.

細(xì)節(jié)推理題。通讀全文，可知作者的核心觀點(diǎn)與選項(xiàng)C的表述最為吻合。從而得出本題答案。

7.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文最后一段最后一句，“Grantedthatwarcostmuch