考研考博-英語-天津廣播影視職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津廣播影視職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Peoplewillbelookingintoseehowgoodwearenowandwhetheroursuccesshasjustbeena（）inthepan.

問題1選項

A.flare

B.glitter

C.spark

D.flash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項flare“閃耀”；B選項glitter“燦爛”；C選項spark“火花”；D選項flash“閃光”。句意：人們會來看看我們現(xiàn)在有多好，我們的成功是否只是曇花一現(xiàn)。flashinthepan，固定搭配，“曇花一現(xiàn)”。因此D選項正確。

2.單選題

ThefirstnavigationallightsintheNewWorldwereprobablylanternshungatharborentrances.ThefirstlighthousewasputupbyMassachusettsBayColonyin1716onLittleBrewsterIslandattheentrancetoBostonHarbor.Paidforandmaintainedby“l(fā)ightdues”leviedonships,theoriginalbeaconwasblownupin1776.Bythentherewereonlyadozenorsotruelighthousesinthecolony.Littleoveracenturylater,therewere700lighthouses.

ThefirstlighterectedontheWestCoastinthe1850sfeaturedthesamebasicNewEnglanddesign:aCapeCoddwellingwiththetowerrisingfromthecenterorstandingcloseby.InNewEnglandandelsewhere,though,lighthousesreflectedavarietyofarchitecturalstyles.SincemoststationsintheNortheastwerebuiltonrockyeminences,enormoustowerswerenottherule.Someweremadeofstoneandbrick,othersofwoodormetal.Somestoodonpilingsorstilts;somewerefastenedtorockwithironrods.Farthersouth,fromMarylandthroughtheFloridaKeys,thecoastwaslowandsandy.Itwasoftennecessarytobuildtalltowersthere—massivestructureslikethemajesticCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,lighthouse,whichwaslitin1870.At190feet,itisthetallestbricklighthouseinthecountry.

Notwithstandingdifferencesinappearanceandconstruction,mostAmericanlighthousessharedseveralfeatures:alight,livingquartersandsometimesabell(or,later;afoghorn).Theyalsohadsomethingelseincommon:akeeperand,usuallythekeeper’sfamily.Thekeeper’sessentialtaskwastrimmingthelanternwickinordertomaintainasteady,brightflame.Theearliestkeeperscamefromeverywalkoflife--theywereseamen,farmers,mechanics,roughmillhands—andappointmentswereoftenhandedoutbylocalcustomscommissionersaspoliticalplums.Aftertheadministrationoflighthouseswastakenoverin1852bytheUnitedStatesLighthouseBoard,anagencyoftheTreasuryDepartment,thekeepercorpsgraduallybecamehighlyprofessional.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.WhydoestheauthormentiontheMassachusettsBayColony?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatlighthousesintheNortheastdidnotneedhightowersbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,wherecanthetallestbricklighthouseintheUnitedStatesbefound?

5.Inthesecondsentenceofparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdoestheword“They”referto?

問題1選項

A.TheLighthouseonLittleBrewsterIsland

B.TheLifeofaLighthouseKeeper

C.EarlyLighthousesintheUnitedStates

D.TheModernProfessionofLighthouse-Keeping

問題2選項

A.ItwastheheadquartersoftheUnitedStatesLighthouseBoard.

B.Manyofthetallestlighthouseswerebuiltthere.

C.Thefirstlanternwicksweredevelopedthere.

D.ThefirstlighthouseinNorthAmericawasbuiltthere.

問題3選項

A.shiptherehadhighmasts

B.coastalwatersweresafe

C.thecoastwasstraightandunobstructed

D.thelighthousewerebuiltonhighplaces

問題4選項

A.LittleBrewsterIsland

B.TheFloridaKeys

C.CapeHatteras

D.CapeCod

問題5選項

A.Lighthouses

B.Differences

C.Quarters

D.Feature

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題目問的是“以下哪個最適合做文章的標(biāo)題？”。文章主要介紹了新世界早期的燈塔建設(shè)、特點還有發(fā)展，所以選項C“美國早期的燈塔”符合題意。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么作者要提到馬薩諸塞灣殖民地？”文章第一段提到“第一個燈塔是馬薩諸塞灣殖民地1716年在波士頓港灣的入口小布魯斯特島建造的”（ThefirstlighthousewasputupbyMassachusettsBayColonyin1716onLittleBrewsterIslandattheentrancetoBostonHarbor），由此可知，選項D“北美第一個燈塔是在那里建立的”符合題意。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“從文章中可知東北部的燈塔不需要高塔的原因是什么？”文章第二段提到“由于東北部的大多數(shù)燈塔都是修建在巖石高地上，所以那里一般沒有很大的高塔”（SincemoststationsintheNortheastwerebuiltonrockyeminences,enormoustowerswerenottherule），因此選項D符合題意。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知美國最高的用磚頭修建的燈塔在哪里？”文章第二段提到“在那里需要修建高的燈塔，比如1870年修建的位于北卡羅萊納州哈特拉斯角處的宏偉燈塔那樣的大型建筑。高190英尺，是這個國家最高的用磚頭修建的燈塔”（Itwasoftennecessarytobuildtalltowersthere—massivestructureslikethemajesticCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,lighthouse,whichwaslitin1870.At190feet,itisthetallestbricklighthouseinthecountry），因此選項C符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“第三段第二句話中的‘they’指什么？”文章第三段第一句話提到“盡管在外表和結(jié)構(gòu)上大部分美國燈塔有幾個共同特征：有燈、生活住所和一個鐘表（之后用的是喇叭）”（Notwithstandingdifferencesinappearanceandconstruction,mostAmericanlighthousessharedseveralfeatures:alight,livingquartersandsometimesabell(or,later;afoghorn)）；第三段第二句話提到“它們還有別的共同點”（theyalsohadsomethingelseincommon），從這里可知they指的是前面的lighthouse。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Thesefundswillcomewithstringentconditionsthatwillimposeexternalfinancialcontrolsand（）heavilyonIceland’shard-wonsovereignindependence.

問題1選項

A.impinge

B.affect

C.afflict

D.impact

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項impinge“妨礙，侵犯”；B選項affect“影響，感染”，一般和介詞to搭配；C選項afflict“折磨，使痛苦”；D選項impact“影響，沖突”。句意：這些資金將附帶嚴(yán)格的條件，強制實施外部金融控制，并嚴(yán)重侵犯了冰島來之不易的主權(quán)獨立。這里是指侵犯主權(quán)，所以選項A更符合語境。

4.單選題

Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould（）themostoftheopportunitiesathand.

問題1選項

A.obtain

B.grasp

C.catch

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項obtain“獲得；流行”；B選項grasp“抓牢，握緊；試圖抓??；理解，領(lǐng)悟；毫不猶豫地抓?。C會）”；C選項catch“趕上；抓住；感染；了解”；D選項make“使得；進行；布置，準(zhǔn)備，整理；制造；認(rèn)為；獲得；形成；安排；引起”。seize/grasp/grab/taketheopportunity“抓住機會”，句中的themostof修飾theopportunities，可視為shouldgrasp(themostof)theopportunities。句意：為了項目的成功，公司應(yīng)該抓住大部分到手的機會。因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?

問題1選項

A.Allhislecturesarewereinteresting.

B.Halftheirsavingsweregone.

C.Manyhisfriendscametotheparty.

D.Bothhissistersarenurses.

【答案】C

【解析】考查限定詞。題干：下面哪個句子不正確？

many后面不能直接跟限定詞。

6.單選題

Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe（）ofyourmind.

問題1選項

A.state

B.case

C.situation

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項state“狀態(tài)”；B選項case“案例”；C選項situation“情況”；D選項circumstance“狀況”。句意：決定你在考試中表現(xiàn)如何的一個重要因素是你的心態(tài)。本句表示思想的狀態(tài)，只能和state搭配，因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

AstoutoldladywaswalkingwithherbasketdownthemiddleofastreetinPetrogradtothegreatconfusionofthetrafficandwithnosmallperiltoherself.Itwaspointedouttoherthatthepavementwastheplaceforpedestrians,butshereplied,“I’mgoingtowalkwhereIlike.We’vegotlibertynow.”Itdidnotoccurtothedearoldladythatiflibertyentitledthepedestriantowalkdownthemiddleoftheroad,thentheendofsuchlibertywouldbeuniversalchaos.Everybodywouldbegettingineverybodyelse’swayandnobodywouldgetanywhere.Individuallibertywouldhavebecomesocialanarchy.

Thereisadangeroftheworldgettingliberty—drunkinthesedaysliketheoldladywiththebasket,anditisjustaswelltoremindourselvesofwhattheruleoftheroadmeans.Itmeansthatinorderthatthelibertiesofallmaybepreserved,thelibertiesofeverybodymustbecurtailed.Whenthepoliceman,say,atPiccadillyCircusstepsintothemiddleoftheroadandputsouthishand,heisthesymbolnotoftyranny,butofliberty.Youmaynotthinkso.Youmay,beinginahurry,andseeingyourcarpulledupbythisinsolenceofoffice,feelthatyourlibertyhasbeenoutraged.Howdarethisfellowinterferewithyourfreeuseofthepublichighway?Then,ifyouareareasonableperson,youwillreflectthatifhedidnotinterferewithyou,hewouldinterferewithnoone,andtheresultwouldbethatPiccadillyCircuswouldbeamaelstromthatyouwouldnevercrossatall.Youhavesubmittedtoacurtailmentofprivatelibertyinorderthatyoumayenjoyasocialorderwhichmakesyourlibertyareality.

Libertyisnotapersonalaffaironly,butasocialcontract.Itisanaccommodationofinterests.Inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike.IfIchoosetogodowntheroadinadressing-gownwhoshallsaymenay?Youhavelibertytolaughatme,butIhavelibertytobeindifferenttoyou.AndifIhaveafancyfordyeingmyhair,orwaxingmymoustache(whichheavenforbid),orwearinganovercoatandsandals,orgoingtobedlateorgettingupearly,Ishallfollowmyfancyandasknoman’spermission.IshallnotinquireofyouwhetherImayeatmustardwithmymutton.Andyouwillnotaskmewhetheryoumayfollowthisreligionorthat,whetheryoumaypreferEllaWheelerWilcoxtoWordsworth,orchampagnetoshandy.

InalltheseandathousandotherdetailsyouandIpleaseourselvesandasknoone’sleave.Wehaveawholekingdominwhichwerulealone,candowhatwechoose,bewiseorridiculous,harshoreasy,conventionalorodd.Butdirectlywestepoutofthatkingdom,ourpersonallibertyofactionbecomesqualifiedbyotherpeople’sliberty.Imightliketopracticeonthetrombonefrommidnighttillthreeinthemorning.IfIwentontothetopofEveresttodoit,Icouldpleasemyself,butifIdoitinmybedroommyfamilywillobject,andifIdoitoutinthestreetstheneighborswillremindmethatmylibertytoblowthetrombonemustnotinterferewiththeirlibertytosleepinquiet.Therearealotofpeopleintheworld,andIhavetoaccommodatemylibertytotheirliberties.

Weareallliabletoforgetthis,andunfortunatelywearemuchmoreconsciousoftheimperfectionsofothersinthisrespectthanofourown.Areasonableconsiderationfortherightsorfeelingsofothersisthefoundationofsocialconduct.Itisinthesmallmattersofconduct,intheobservanceoftheruleoftheroad,thatwepassjudgmentuponourselves,anddeclarethatwearecivilizedoruncivilized.Thegreatmomentsofheroismandsacrificearerare.Itisthelittlehabitsofcommonplaceintercoursethatmakeupthegreatsumoflifeandsweetenormakebitterthejourney.

1.Theauthormighthavestatedhis“ruleoftheroad”as（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetotheoldladyinParagraph1is（）.

3.Asituationanalogoustothe“insolenceofoffice”describedinParagraph2wouldbe（）.

4.Theauthorassumesthathemaybeasfreeashelikesin（）.

5.Inthesentence“Weareallliable...”theauthoris（）.

問題1選項

A.donotwalkinthemiddleoftheroad

B.followtheordersofpolicemen

C.donotbehaveinconsideratelyinpublic

D.dowhatyoulikeinprivate

問題2選項

A.condescending

B.intolerant

C.objective

D.supportive

問題3選項

A.ateachercorrectinggrammarerrors

B.aneditorshorteningthetextofanarticle

C.ataxinspectordemandingtoseesomeone’saccounts

D.anarmyofficegivingorderstoasoldier

問題4選項

A.allmattersofdressandfood

B.anysituationwhichdoesnotinterferewiththelibertyofothers

C.anythingthatisnotagainstthelaw

D.hisownhome

問題5選項

A.pointingoutageneralweakness

B.emphasizinghismainpoint

C.counteringageneralmisconception

D.suggestingaremedy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:ruleoftheroad出現(xiàn)在文章的第二段第一句話的后半句，作者在第一段中舉了老太太不走人行道過馬路這個例子來說明當(dāng)時的社會風(fēng)氣。作者的觀點是要懂得在公共場合體諒他人。選項C符合題意。

第2題:作者對老太太過馬路不遵守交通規(guī)則持反對態(tài)度，認(rèn)為她只顧自己的絕對自由而不管他人，所以選項B符合題意。

第3題:insolenceofoffice指的是前面提到的警察指揮交通，這種行為看似侵害到了個人自由，選項C“稅務(wù)檢察院檢查某人的賬目”與之相似，選項C符合題意。

第4題:文章第三段第二句話inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike提到絕對自由的前提是不要妨礙他人的自由，所以選項B符合題意。

第5題:句子位于文章最后一段第一句話，這個句子中的this指代上文提到的不應(yīng)該妨礙他人的自由，人們很容易忘記這一點，人們?nèi)菀卓吹絼e人的缺陷。作者指出人們都有這個缺點，選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Yearsaftertheaccidenthewasstill（

）byimagesofdeathanddestruction.

問題1選項

A.twisted

B.haunted

C.dipped

D.submerged

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。twist“纏繞，扭曲”；haunt“（指鬼魂）常出沒于（某處）”；dip“浸，泡”；submerge“淹沒”。句意：事故發(fā)生后好多年死亡和毀滅的景象仍然縈繞于他的腦海中。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Beforetheinterview,eachcandidatehadtohavea（

）medicalexamination.

問題1選項

A.porous

B.vigorous

C.thesaurus

D.rigorous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。porous“能滲透的，有氣孔的”；vigorous“精力充沛的”；thesaurus“寶庫，辭典”；rigorous“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的”。句意：在面試之前，每個候選人都必須進行嚴(yán)格的體檢。D項符合題意。

10.單選題

Thecentipedehaspoisonclawsonthefirstsegmentofitsbody（

）todefenditselfandtokillitsprey.

問題1選項

A.andtheseuses

B.alsousesthese

C.thesealsoused

D.andusesthese

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知句子的主語為Thecentipede，謂語是由and連接的兩個并列謂語，has和uses為句子的謂語部分。句意：蜈蚣身體的第一節(jié)有毒爪，用來自我保護和殺死獵物。選項D符合題意。

11.翻譯題

Readingisnottheonlywaytoacquireknowledgeofprecedingwork.Thereisanotherlargereservoirwhichmaybecalledexperience,andthecollegestudentwillfindthateverycraftsmanhassomethinghecanteachandwillgenerallyteachgladlytoanycollegestudentwhodoesnotlookdownuponthemwithill-concealeddistain.Theinformationfromthesequartersdiffers,fromthatin,textbooksandpaperschieflyinthatitstheoreticalpart—theexplanationsofwhythingshappen—isfrequentlyquitefantastic.Butthedemonstrationandreportofwhathappens,andhowithappens,aresoundevenifthereportsareincompletelyunscientificterms.Presentlythecollegestudentwilllearn,inthiscasealso,whattoacceptandwhattoreject.OneimportantthingforacollegestudenttorememberisthatifAristotecouldtalktothefisherman,socanhe.

Anothersourceofknowledgeisthevaststoreoftraditionalpracticeshandeddownfromfather,toson,ormothertodaughter,ofoldcountrycustoms,offolkore.Allthisisverydifficultforacollegestudenttoexplore,formuchknowledgeandpersonalexperienceisneededheretoseparategoodplantsfromwildweeds.

【答案】閱讀并不是獲得以前的知識的唯一途徑。還有一個大寶庫，我們可以稱之為經(jīng)驗。大學(xué)生會發(fā)現(xiàn)，每一個工匠都有他能教的東西，而且如果一個大學(xué)生不輕蔑地看待他們，工匠一般都會很樂意去教他們。來自這些方面的信息與教科書和論文中的信息不同，主要在于其理論部分——是對事物發(fā)生的原因進行解釋——可能常常是相當(dāng)荒誕的。但是，關(guān)于發(fā)生了什么以及如何發(fā)生的演示和報告卻是可靠的，即使這些報告是完全不科學(xué)的?，F(xiàn)在的大學(xué)生也會知道，什么該接受，什么該拒絕。一個大學(xué)生要記住的最重要一點就是，如果亞里士多德能和漁夫說話，他也能。

另一個知識來源是從父親傳給兒子或母親傳給女兒的大量傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗、古老的鄉(xiāng)村習(xí)俗和民間傳說。所有這些對于一個大學(xué)生來說都是很難探索的，因為這里需要很多知識和個人經(jīng)驗來區(qū)分好的植物和野生雜草。

12.單選題

______evidenceofheliumsawitasabrightyellowlineinspectroscopestheyaimedatthesun.

問題1選項

A.Thefirstpeoplewhosaw

B.Thefirstpeoplesaw

C.Thefirstpeoplewhohaveseen

D.Thefirstpeoplehadseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。Thefirstpeople是先行詞，在定語從句中作主語，因此who不能省略，故排除B和D，C項用的現(xiàn)在完成時，表示從過去到現(xiàn)在，時態(tài)不符，看到“evidenceofhelium”是發(fā)生在過去，與后面“aimedat”過去時保持一致，用see的一般過去式即可，句意：最早看到氨跡象的人們還以為是分光鏡里面的一條明亮的黃線，當(dāng)時他們正用分光鏡對準(zhǔn)太陽，因此A正確。

13.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactprevi-ouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：最近報道了很多案例：孩子們總是以前在電視上見過的暴力行為。modify修改，修飾；duplicate復(fù)制，重復(fù)；accelerate加速，促進；stimulate刺激。B項duplicate在此可譯為“模仿”。

14.單選題

Lastyearourschoolfootballteamwonfour（）games.

問題1選項

A.obsessive

B.concessive

C.successive

D.excessive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。obsessive強迫性的，著迷的；concessive讓步的，妥協(xié)的;successive連續(xù)的，接替的；excessive過度的。句意：去年我們學(xué)校足球隊連續(xù)贏了四場比賽。選項C符合句意。

15.單選題

TheforemostconcernoftheAmericanyoungpeoplein1960’s[A]waswith[B]trainingandfindingajobthatcouldsupport[C]theminthoseunder[D]times.

問題1選項

A.was

B.training

C.them

D.times

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查點】名詞的用法。

【解題思路】按照句意，inthoseundertimes應(yīng)表示“在這個時期”，但time如果表示“時間，時期”時為不可數(shù)名詞，不能使用復(fù)數(shù)，因此這里應(yīng)當(dāng)將times改為time。

【句意】二十世紀(jì)六十年代，美國年輕人最關(guān)心的是培訓(xùn)和找到一份工作，以支持他們那個時期的生活。

16.單選題

Themayorwasaskedto（）hisspeechinordertoallowhisaudiencetoraise

questions.

問題1選項

A.constrain

B.conduct

C.condense

D.converge

【答案】C

【解析】句意：市長被要求（）講話，以便讓他的聽眾提問。A選項constrain限制；B選項conduct控制，實施；C選項condense壓縮，濃縮；D選項converge聚集。選項C符合句意。

17.單選題

Sinceitwashelduponlybyasinglesteelcable,thechairliftwas（

）tocarryonlytwopeople

問題1選項

A.instructed

B.obliged

C.intended

D.appointed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。instruct“指導(dǎo)；通知；命令”；oblige“迫使；強制；責(zé)成”；intend“打算；想要；意指”；appoint“任命；指定”。句意：由于只有一根鋼纜支撐著，這個升降椅被指示一次只能載兩個人。選項A符合題意。

18.單選題

Thekitchenwassmalland（）sothatthedisabledwomancouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.

問題1選項

A.complex

B.complete

C.compact

D.composite

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。complex"復(fù)合的,復(fù)雜的";complete"完整的,徹底的";compact"緊湊的,簡潔的";composite"混合的,綜合的"。句意：廚房小而緊湊，殘疾婦女可以毫不費力地夠到任何東西。選項C符合句意。

19.單選題

Astatementandalist（）tothedocumentwereissuedinyesterday’snewspaper.

問題1選項

A.labeled

B.attached

C.clung

D.stuck

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。attachto表示“（使）貼在……上；（使）依附”。句意：昨天的報紙上發(fā)表了一份聲明以及一份附加在文件上的清單。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。

20.單選題

Iran’smoralitypoliceare______onthesaleofBarbiedollstoprotectthepublicfromwhattheyseeasperniciouswesterncultureerodingIslamicvalues.

問題1選項

A.puttingdown

B.breakingdown

C.crackingdown

D.lookingdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項puttingdown“放下；鎮(zhèn)壓（暴動，叛亂）”；B選項breakingdown“損壞；分解開”；C選項crackingdown“嚴(yán)加管制，打擊”；D選項lookingdown“往下看”。句意：伊朗道德警察正______芭比娃娃的銷售，避免他們視為有害的西方文化侵蝕伊斯蘭價值觀，以此保護公眾。根據(jù)語境，crackingdown“嚴(yán)加管制，打擊”搭配sale“銷售”比較合理，意指警察嚴(yán)格管制芭比娃娃的市場銷售，符合題意。因此C選項正確。

21.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable,hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes,forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago,howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries,theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（

）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,

（

）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（

）.

問題1選項

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問題2選項

A.Mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問題3選項

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問題4選項

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問題5選項

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（為了使解釋盡可能簡單，假設(shè)科學(xué)被定義為分類知識）可知選D。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段可知，根據(jù)不同的目的，科學(xué)分為純科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)。純科學(xué)是為了滿足好奇心，應(yīng)用科學(xué)是將知識用于特殊目的。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell（然而，人們應(yīng)該記住，顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)）及兩種科學(xué)的定義，可知顯微鏡屬于純科學(xué)，細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)屬于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，即純科學(xué)先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，因此B選項“必然先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，導(dǎo)致細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，根據(jù)不同的目的，科學(xué)分為純科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)。純科學(xué)是為了滿足好奇心，應(yīng)用科學(xué)是將知識用于特殊目的。由題干中的“interestedin”可知屬于為了滿足好奇心，因此選C。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries（許多致力于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并不為忽視他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實際方面而被指責(zé)）可知A選項“從事理論研究的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)被指責(zé)忽略其發(fā)現(xiàn)的實際方面”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)的目的與定義，以及兩種不同科學(xué)家研究科學(xué)的目的，因此A選項“科學(xué)與科學(xué)家的本質(zhì)”符合題意。

22.單選題

Theelevationoftheassistantcoachtotheheadcoachingpositionwithinonly9monthswasasurprise.

問題1選項

A.raise

B.promotion

C.transfer

D.precedence

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.raise加薪B.promotion（職位）晉升

C.transfer（工作）調(diào)動D.precedence優(yōu)先

【考查點】名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句從助理教練（assistantcoach）到主教練（headcoaching）是職位的晉升，B選項“（職位）晉升”最符合原文。原文elevation“提升”

【干擾項排除】

A選項raise“加薪”，原句側(cè)重職位提高，而不是工資的增加；

C選項transfer“（工作）調(diào)動”，沒有B選項“（職位）晉升”具體；

D選項precedence“優(yōu)先”，不符合原文邏輯。

【句意】助理教練在短短9個月內(nèi)晉升為主教練，這是一個驚喜。

23.單選題

Ifwecannot（

）exactlywhatwearesupposedtobemanaging，howcanwemanageit?

問題1選項

A.knockon

B.pindown

C.letgo

D.getover

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。knockon“敲擊，撞擊”；pindown“確定”；letgo“放開，釋放”；getover“恢復(fù)，解決”。語境為：如果我們無法準(zhǔn)確確定有待管理之處，那么我們該如何進行管理？選項B符合句意。

24.單選題

Wewere（）inthemiddleofourconversation.

問題1選項

A.cutoff

B.cutdown

C.cutin

D.cutout

【答案】A

【解析】動詞短語。cutoff“中斷，切斷”；cutdown“砍倒”；cutin“插嘴，插入”；cutout“切掉”。句意：我們在談話中途中斷了。選項A符合題意。

25.單選題

Letusbeginwithtwovignettes.

問題1選項

A.slogans

B.maxims

C.caveats

D.sketches

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.slogans口號B.maxims格言；箴言

C.caveats警告；告誡D.sketches幽默短劇，小品；素描

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】vignette是表示“人物特征、局勢等的簡介；（表演）小品”，四個選項中只有D項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】讓我們從兩個小品開始。

26.單選題

TheusualstatueofApollorepresentshimastheidealGreekhandsome,tallandperfectly（

）.

問題1選項

A.proportion

B.proportional

C.hasproportion

D.isproportioned

【答案】B

【解析】語法（詞性）題。分析題干可知，空格與形容詞handsome和tall由and連接，并列，并且由副詞perfectly修飾，B選項是形容詞，跟handsome和tall詞性一致，并且可以用副詞perfectly修飾，所以正確。

27.單選題

Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencycouldbeachievedifseveralpeopleworkedtogethertosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.

Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereareconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroup.Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirection,butalsopermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofdifferentopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblemsolvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.

Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscover

ananswer,theirefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.

Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomebettersolutionswillappear.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.

Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythanacompetentindividualdoes.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralsolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.

1.Inagroup,problemsolvingneeds（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itiseasierforgroupstoreach（）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatunrestrictedsuggestionscanbringabout（）.

4.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

問題1選項

A.thepresenceofaneffectiveleader

B.thebestwaytocollectresources

C.everyonetoworkharder

D.morefunds

問題2選項

A.mistakestheywanttomake

B.theplacewhichtheywanttogo

C.theplacewheretheywanttorest

D.agreaternumberofcorrectsolutions

問題3選項

A.sometrouble

B.somebettersolutions

C.somemoretime

D.somemoreeffort

問題4選項

A.discussingdirections

B.correctingmistakes

C.dealingwithnationalproblems

D.findingaproblem

問題5選項

A.Agroupofpeoplemaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythananindividual.

B.Theefficiencyofagroupisworstintheworld.

C.Agroupwillnotbeefficientindealingwithnationalpolicies.

D.Effectiveleadersoftensolvetheproblemsthemselves.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleader...ofdifferentopinions.”解決問題需要一個有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，他不僅提供解決問題的方向，而且允許有序地、建設(shè)性地表達不同意見。選項A符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段可知，團隊可能會更容易找到很多解決問題的正確方案。選項D符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.”。選項B符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.”有時，社會需求可能需要就一個問題達成集體協(xié)議，例如在政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下制定國家經(jīng)濟或軍事政策。由此推斷，在處理國家問題時，團隊將會更有效率，選項C符合原文。

5.細節(jié)判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要強調(diào)的是團隊合作而不是個人能力，所以只有選項A正確，其他選項均不正確。

28.寫作題

YouaresupposedtowriteanotetoMr.PeterKelly,whoisavisitingprofessoratyourdepartment,askinghimtoarrangeatimetodiscusstheoutlineofyourpaper.

1.Thenoteshouldbeginwith“Professor...”;

2.Thenoteshouldendwith“ZhangPing”;

3.Thenoteshouldgiveabrie