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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadto

B.would

C.must

D.shouldhave

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。D選項(xiàng)這種結(jié)構(gòu)shouldhavedone,這里用了省略,表示過去應(yīng)該做,但卻沒有做的事情。句意為:我上周沒有把申請表發(fā)出去,但我應(yīng)該發(fā)出去的。D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat()decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgent

B.hasty

C.instant

D.prompt

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)urgentadj.緊急的,急迫的;B選項(xiàng)hastyadj.輕率的,草率的,匆忙的;C選項(xiàng)instantadj.立即的,緊迫的;D選項(xiàng)promptadj.敏捷的,迅速的。句意:我們必須謹(jǐn)記倉促的決定常常會(huì)導(dǎo)致痛苦的悔恨。因此本題選擇B項(xiàng)。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Thedebateaboutgovernment’ssuccessesandfailuresdemonstratesagainthatdrawingtheboundarybetweenmarketandgovernmentisanenduringproblem.Thetoolsofeconomicsareindispensabletohelpsocietiesfindthegoldenmeanbetweenlaissez-fairemarketmechanismsanddemocraticrulesoftheroad.Thegoodmixedeconomyis,perforce,thelimitedmixedeconomy.Butthosewhowouldreducegovernmenttotheconstableplusafewlighthousesarelivinginadreamworld.Anefficientandhumanesocietyrequiresbothhalvesofthemixedsystem—marketandgovernment.Operatingamodemeconomywithoutbothisliketryingtoclapwithonehand.

【答案】關(guān)于政府的成功與失敗的討論再次表明,劃清市場與政府之間的界限是一個(gè)長期存在的問題。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)工具是幫助社會(huì)找到自由放任的市場機(jī)制和民主的道路規(guī)則之間中庸之道不可缺少的。良好的混合經(jīng)濟(jì)必然是有限的混合經(jīng)濟(jì)。但是那些把政府降為警察和幾座燈塔的人正生活在一個(gè)夢幻世界里。一個(gè)高效的、人道的社會(huì)需要混合系統(tǒng)的兩部分—市場和政府。在沒有兩者的情況下經(jīng)營現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì),就像試圖用一只手鼓掌一樣。

4.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachingtrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolforthe()oflessons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)observation“觀察,監(jiān)視”;B選項(xiàng)investigation“調(diào)查;研究”;C選項(xiàng)inspection“檢查;視察”;D選項(xiàng)examination“檢查;考試”。句意:在他們教師培訓(xùn)的第一年,學(xué)生們會(huì)經(jīng)常去當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)?!n程。根據(jù)句中teachingtraining教師培訓(xùn),學(xué)生身份會(huì)與認(rèn)真觀察這一名詞更加相配,examination主要是為減少錯(cuò)誤而進(jìn)行檢查。故選A。

5.單選題

Manyofthesuccessfulmen,hadtheybeenabletochooseforthemselves,wouldhaveselectedsomequitedifferentprofessions()theyhavemadefortunes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fromthatinwhich

B.fromwhich

C.inwhich

D.fromwhat

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞性從句。differentfrom“與……不同”,that代指professions,inwhich引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,其中in是makefortunesinsth.短語中的in;makefortunesinsth“靠……致富”。句意:許多成功的人,如果他們能夠自己選擇的話,會(huì)選擇一些與致使他們發(fā)財(cái)?shù)墓ぷ鹘厝徊煌穆殬I(yè)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thetasteofthefoodwasso()thatitwashardlynoticeable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.superior

B.prime

C.topic

D.subtle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。superior“優(yōu)秀的,出眾的”;prime“主要的,基本的”;topic“話題,主題”;subtle“微妙的,難以捉摸的”。根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容“幾乎看不出來”,可知食物的味道是很微妙的,所以不易察覺。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe()ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposition

B.deliberation

C.deterioration

D.diversion

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。disposition“處置,性情”;deliberation“審議,考慮”;deterioration“惡化,退化”;diversion“消遣,轉(zhuǎn)移注意力”。句意:醫(yī)生非常擔(dān)心病人手術(shù)后情況會(huì)惡化。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Inasocietywhereallaspectsofourlivesaredictatedbyscientificadvancesintechnology,scienceistheessenceofourexistence.Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologists,geologistsandotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishingwealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferfromdiseasesthatcouldnotbecured.Asasocietyweignorantlytakeadvantageoftheamenitiesprovidedbyscience,yetourliveswouldbealteredinterminablywithoutthem.

Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances.Withoutthevaccinescreatedbydoctors,diseasessuchaspolio,measles,hepatitis,andthefluwouldposeathreattoourcitizens,foralthoughsomeofthesediseasesmaynotbedeadly,theirsideeffectscanbeavastdetrimenttoanindividualaffectedwiththedisease.

Inaddition,sciencehasdevelopedperhapsthemostawe-inspiringvitalinventioninthehistoryoftheworld,thecomputer.Withoutthepresenceofthismachineourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencesbroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled.

Despitethegreatnessofpresent-dayinnovatorsandscientismandtheirrevelations,itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety,however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem.

Becauseofthecontributionofscientists,ourworldisevermetamorphosing,andthismetamorphosiseconomicallyandpersonallycomprisesoursociety,whetheroursocietyiscognizantofthisornot.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorimpliesthatwe().

2.Theauthoruseshealthcareandvaccinestoillustrate().

3.Nothing,accordingtotheauthor,canmatchtheinventionofthecomputerintermof().

4.Theauthorseemstobeunhappyabout().

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassageis().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldnotsurvivewithoutscience

B.taketheamenitiesofscienceforgranted

C.couldhaveraisedthestandardsoflivingwithscience

D.wouldbefreeofdiseasebecauseofscientificwithadvances

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.howsciencehasbeendeveloped

B.whatsciencemeanstosociety

C.whatthenatureofscienceis

D.howdiseaseaffectssociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.power

B.novelty

C.benefits

D.complexity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.people’signoranceoftheirculture

B.people’signoringtheamenitiesofscience

C.people’smakingnocontributionstosociety

D.people’smisunderstandingofscientificadvance

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.cognizant

C.appreciative

D.paradoxical

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologists,geologistsandotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishingwealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferfromdiseasesthatcouldnotbecured”,如果沒有化學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家、地質(zhì)學(xué)家和其他勤奮的科學(xué)家所取得的巨大進(jìn)步,我們的生活水平就會(huì)下降,我們繁榮富強(qiáng)的國家就會(huì)陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條,我們的人民就會(huì)患上無法治愈的疾病。由此可知,科技對我們的生活是十分重要的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances”,醫(yī)療保健是我們社會(huì)的一個(gè)方面,它把我們和我們的古老祖先分開,它完全建立在科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和進(jìn)步的基礎(chǔ)上。由此可知,醫(yī)療保健和疫苗是科技發(fā)展的一個(gè)見證。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“Withoutthepresenceofthismachineourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencesbroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled”,沒有這臺(tái)機(jī)器,我們的世界可能存在,但電腦帶來的便利是無與倫比的。由此可知,電腦是一項(xiàng)偉大的發(fā)明,它所帶來的便利和益處是其他發(fā)明難以企及的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第四段“itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety,however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem”,但我們有必要檢查我們的文化如此公然的忽視科學(xué)的便利設(shè)施。例如,電燈泡、電、電話、自來水和汽車是我們當(dāng)今社會(huì)的必需品,然而,它們直到科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)后才出現(xiàn)。由此可知作者對于便利設(shè)施的忽視是持不滿態(tài)度的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.作者意圖題。作者從最開始的科技對人類生活的重要性,到醫(yī)療保健和疫苗對人類健康的保證,以及計(jì)算機(jī)和科技設(shè)施的影響,都是積極贊賞的語氣,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

AferventChristian,Kaundabasedhispoliticalcareerontheendingofracialismandonthepromotionofhumanism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devoted

B.ardent

C.submissive

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠的”;B選項(xiàng)ardent“熱心的”;C選項(xiàng)submissive“順從的”;D選項(xiàng)courageous“勇敢的”。句意:卡翁達(dá)是一名熱心的基督徒,他的政治生涯建立在結(jié)束種族主義和促進(jìn)人文主義的基礎(chǔ)上。劃線部分fervent是熱心的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Therats(

)bacterialinfectionsoftheblood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.develop

B.produce

C.stimulate

D.induce

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。develop意為“發(fā)展,患(病),出現(xiàn)(問題)”;produce意為“生產(chǎn),制造”;stimulate意為“刺激”;induce意為“引誘”。bacterialinfections意為“細(xì)菌感染”,時(shí)一種病癥,主語為“rats(老鼠)”,故只有A選項(xiàng)符合邏輯。

句意:老鼠出現(xiàn)了血液細(xì)菌感染。

11.單選題

Duringthe1980s,unemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot(1)enoughfood:basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot(2).Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopedcountries(3)solutions.(4),problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializedcountries.Industryinthedevelopedcountriesishighlyautomatedandvery(5).Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocesses,andhighly(6)workersareneededto(7)andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained,(8)manycountriesdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thus,the(9)ofimportingindustrybecomehigher.Studentsmustbesentabroadto(10)vocationalandprofessionaltraining.(11),justtobegintraining,thestudentsmust(12)learnEnglish,French,German,orJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroad,and(13)donotreturnhome.

Allcountriesagreethatscienceandtechnology(14)beshared.Thepointis:countries(15)theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopedcountriesneedtolookcarefully(16)thecosts,becausemanyofthesecostsare(17).Studentsfromthesecountriesshould(18)theproblemofthedevelopedcountriesclosely(19)care,theywilltakehomenottheproblemofscienceandtechnology,(20)thebenefits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generate

B.raise

C.produce

D.manufacture

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.answered

B.met

C.calculated

D.remembered

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.without

C.as

D.about

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.anyway

D.however

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.expensive

B.mechanical

C.flourishing

D.complicated

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.gifted

B.skilled

C.trained

D.versatile

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.keep

B.maintain

C.retain

D.protect

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.so

C.and

D.yet

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.price

C.cost

D.value

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.accept

B.gain

C.receive

D.absorb

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Frequently

B.Incidentally

C.Deliberately

D.Eventually

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.soon

B.quickly

C.immediately

D.first

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.some

B.others

C.several

D.few

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.might

B.should

C.would

D.will

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.adopting

B.conducting

C.receiving

D.adjusting

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.at

C.on

D.about

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.opaque

B.secret

C.sealed

D.hidden

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.tackle

B.learn

C.study

D.manipulate

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.through

C.with

D.under

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.except

B.nor

C.or

D.but

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)generate“產(chǎn)生;引起”;B選項(xiàng)raise“提高;養(yǎng)育”;C選項(xiàng)produce“生產(chǎn);制造”;D選項(xiàng)manufacture“大量生產(chǎn);制造”。句意:一些國家沒有生產(chǎn)足夠的糧食。A選項(xiàng)generate一般是產(chǎn)生電能,可排除。D選項(xiàng)manufacture也有生產(chǎn)的意思,但側(cè)重于工廠大量的制作與生產(chǎn)。相較而言,produce作為生產(chǎn)而言使用性更加廣泛。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)answered“回答”;B選項(xiàng)met“達(dá)到;滿足”;C選項(xiàng)calculated“計(jì)算”;D選項(xiàng)remembered“記住”。句意:一些國家沒有生產(chǎn)足夠的糧食:住房和衣服方面的基本需求沒有得到……。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞needs“需求”,可知其固定搭配meettheneedsof“滿足……的需求”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)for“給;向”;B選項(xiàng)without“沒有”;C選項(xiàng)as“像;如同”;D選項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于”。句意:其中很多國家都希望有著工業(yè)進(jìn)程的發(fā)達(dá)國家提供一些解決方案。固定搭配looktosbforsth“希望(某人)提供(某物)”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查語義邏輯。A選項(xiàng)moreover“此外;而且”;B選項(xiàng)therefore“因此”;C選項(xiàng)anyway“無論如何;不管怎樣”;D選項(xiàng)however“然而;但是”。前一句說到了他們向發(fā)達(dá)國家尋求幫助??崭窈笠痪涞木湟猓簡栴}不能總是通過照搬工業(yè)化國家來解決。照搬這條路是走不通的,兩個(gè)句子中存在轉(zhuǎn)折。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expensive“昂貴的”;B選項(xiàng)mechanical“機(jī)械的”;C選項(xiàng)flourishing“繁榮的”;D選項(xiàng)complicated“復(fù)雜的”。句意:發(fā)達(dá)國家的工業(yè)是高度自動(dòng)化的,而且非?!Ec勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)不同,他們雇傭的人比較少,但是都是需要有一定專業(yè)素養(yǎng)的。由此可知,實(shí)現(xiàn)高度自動(dòng)化的成本是很高的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gifted“有天賦的”;B選項(xiàng)skilled“熟練的;有技能的”;C選項(xiàng)trained“受過培訓(xùn)的”;D選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的”。句意:它提供的工作崗位比勞動(dòng)密集型的工業(yè)少,并且需要……的工人來……和修理設(shè)備。根據(jù)后面的搭配工人是需要會(huì)修理設(shè)備的,說明工人一定要有一定技能的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)keep“保持;繼續(xù)”,側(cè)重于保持某種狀態(tài);B選項(xiàng)maintain“維修;保養(yǎng)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)做出努力去維護(hù);C選項(xiàng)retain“保持;持有”,強(qiáng)調(diào)擁有;D選項(xiàng)protect“保護(hù);防護(hù)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)安全。句意:需要有技能的工人來維護(hù)和修理設(shè)備。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查語義邏輯。A選項(xiàng)since“因?yàn)?;既然”;B選項(xiàng)so“所以”;C選項(xiàng)and“和;而且”;D選項(xiàng)yet“然而”。句意:這些工人是必須經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)的,……許多國家沒有必要的培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)。兩個(gè)句子存在轉(zhuǎn)折,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)charge“費(fèi)用”,一般指提供服務(wù)時(shí)索取的費(fèi)用,主語只能是人;B選項(xiàng)price“價(jià)格”,一般是指商品在市場出售的價(jià)格;C選項(xiàng)cost“費(fèi)用;成本”,既可以指生產(chǎn)某東西的成本,也可泛指價(jià)格;D選項(xiàng)value“價(jià)值”側(cè)重于表示價(jià)值。句意:因此,進(jìn)口工業(yè)的……變得更高。前文說到需要受過培訓(xùn)的工人但都還沒有必要的培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu),由此使進(jìn)口工業(yè)所消耗的成本更高了。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accept“接受”;B選項(xiàng)gain“獲得”;C選項(xiàng)receive“收到”;D選項(xiàng)absorb“吸收”。句意:學(xué)生必須被送到國外……職業(yè)和專業(yè)培訓(xùn)。與職業(yè)和專業(yè)培訓(xùn)最搭配的動(dòng)詞是接受。accept和receive都有接受的意思,但在表示“受到教育”的意思時(shí)只能用receive,不能用accept。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Frequently“經(jīng)常地;頻繁地”;B選項(xiàng)Incidentally“偶然地;附帶地”;C選項(xiàng)Deliberately“故意地”;D選項(xiàng)Eventually“最終;最后”。句意:……,剛開始訓(xùn)練,學(xué)生們必須學(xué)習(xí)英語、法語、德語或日語。剛剛開始學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容普遍是學(xué)習(xí)語言,所以此處應(yīng)填入表示習(xí)慣性的詞匯。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意,可譯為通常。

12.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)soon“很快;不久”;B選項(xiàng)quickly“快速地;很快地”;C選項(xiàng)immediately“立即;立刻”;D選項(xiàng)first“首先”。A,B,C選項(xiàng)都有“快速地”的意思。D選項(xiàng)表示一種先后順序,根據(jù)下一句的then“然后”,可以知道出國留學(xué)是有一個(gè)步驟的。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.考查代詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)some“某些;有些”;B選項(xiàng)others代詞,“其他人”;C選項(xiàng)several“幾個(gè),數(shù)個(gè)”;D選項(xiàng)few“很少”。句意:然后這些學(xué)生會(huì)在國外待很多年,……不回國。這些學(xué)生在國外待了很多年后,有一些就不回國了。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)might“可能;也許”;B選項(xiàng)should“應(yīng)該”;C選項(xiàng)would“將;將會(huì)”,will的過去式;D選項(xiàng)will“將;將會(huì)”。句意:所有國家都贊成科學(xué)技術(shù)……共享。句子使用的是肯定語氣,所有國家都一致覺得,表達(dá)較為強(qiáng)烈。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adopting“采取;采用”;B選項(xiàng)conducting“指揮;指導(dǎo)”;C選項(xiàng)receiving“收到;接受”;D選項(xiàng)adjusting“調(diào)整;適應(yīng)”。句意:關(guān)鍵是:……發(fā)達(dá)國家工業(yè)進(jìn)程的國家需要仔細(xì)考慮成本。第一段最后就說到了這些國家向發(fā)達(dá)國家尋求幫助,但是照搬工業(yè)化國家的方法來解決問題是行不通的,需要考慮成本。那么現(xiàn)階段所說的是現(xiàn)在照搬發(fā)達(dá)國家的做法之后需要注意的事項(xiàng)了,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)to“給;對于”;B選項(xiàng)at“在;以”;C選項(xiàng)on“在……上”;D選項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于”。句意:關(guān)鍵是,那些采用了發(fā)達(dá)國家工業(yè)進(jìn)程的國家需要仔細(xì)看清楚成本??疾閘ook的搭配。lookto“朝(某物)看去”;lookat“看;審視”;lookon“在一旁看;袖手旁觀”;lookabout“環(huán)視”,仔細(xì)看成本也是需要一定計(jì)算與考慮的,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)opaque“不透明的”;B選項(xiàng)secret“秘密的”;C選項(xiàng)sealed“密封的”;D選項(xiàng)hidden“隱藏的”。句意:需要仔細(xì)看成本,因?yàn)槠渲杏泻芏唷杀尽paque多指玻璃或者是液體是不透明的;secret一般是指行為或者是習(xí)慣暗中進(jìn)行,未公開的;sealed多指封上信封:hidden“隱藏的”,hiddencost意為“隱性成本”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查動(dòng)詞解析。A選項(xiàng)tackle“應(yīng)付;處理”;B選項(xiàng)learn“學(xué)習(xí);熟悉”;C選項(xiàng)study“學(xué)習(xí);研究”;D選項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱,操作”。句意:來自這些國家的學(xué)生應(yīng)該仔細(xì)……發(fā)達(dá)國家的問題。學(xué)生常與學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)。learn和study都有學(xué)習(xí)的含義,learn指學(xué)習(xí)的過程,側(cè)重指學(xué)到的成果,有“學(xué)到、學(xué)會(huì)”的意思。而study是指比較深入的學(xué)習(xí),側(cè)重指學(xué)習(xí)過程,有“學(xué)習(xí)、研究、鉆研”的意思。發(fā)達(dá)國家所遇到的一些問題,不能只片面地學(xué)習(xí)了解,更應(yīng)該深入研究。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”;B選項(xiàng)through“穿過;通過”;C選項(xiàng)with“用;具有”;D選項(xiàng)under“在……下面”。前面的動(dòng)詞是study研究,空格后接的是care“小心;謹(jǐn)慎”,整個(gè)句子可理解為學(xué)生們應(yīng)該用心、仔細(xì)研究問題。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)except“除……之外”可單獨(dú)使用;B選項(xiàng)nor“也不”,neither…nor“既不……也不……”;C選項(xiàng)or“或者”,either…or…“要么……要么……”;D選項(xiàng)but“但是”,not…but…“不是……而是……”。句意:他們帶回家的不是科學(xué)技術(shù)的問題,而是好處。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Tomwasn'thappyaboutthedelay,and(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iwasneither

B.Iwasn'tneither

C.neitherwasI

D.eitherwasI

【答案】C

【解析】句意:湯姆對耽擱很不高興,我也是。根據(jù)句意可知,前后表示同樣的情況,肯定用So+助動(dòng)詞+主語,否定用Neither+助動(dòng)詞+主語,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.單選題

Anewtechnique(),theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.workingout

B.hadbeenworkedout

C.havingbeenworkedout

D.havingworkedout

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因?yàn)樾录夹g(shù)已經(jīng)解決,所以,整體的產(chǎn)量增長了20%。

語法題??疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)后半句結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完整,因此前半句應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此外,anewtechnique和workout之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此,此處應(yīng)該是過去分詞做狀語。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Don’tgetmixedupinany()business.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.funny

B.misty

C.foggy

D.behind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)funny“有趣的,好笑的,滑稽的”;B選項(xiàng)misty“模糊的;有霧的”;C選項(xiàng)foggy“有霧的;模糊的,朦朧的”;D選項(xiàng)behind“在……的后面;朝……后面”。根據(jù)固定搭配funnybusiness“見不得人的活動(dòng),不規(guī)矩的事,不道德的行為”可知該題選funny。句意:不要卷入任何不道德的行為中。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthe()conditionforexpansionofmind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indispensable

B.incredible

C.indefinite

D.incompatible

【答案】A

【解析】句意:眾所周知,知識(shí)是拓展思維的必備條件。

考查形容詞辨析。indispensable不可缺少的,必不可少的;incredible驚人的,不可思議的;indefinite無限期的,不明確的;incompatible不相容的,不匹配的。故A符合句意。

16.單選題

Thebeliefthatthemindplaysanimportantroleinphysicalillnessgoesbacktotheearliestdaysofmedicine.FromthetimeoftheancientGreekstothebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasgenerallyacceptedbybothphysicianandpatientthatthemindcanaffectthecourseofillness,anditseemednaturaltoapplythisconceptinmedicaltreatmentsofdisease.Afterthediscoveryofantibiotics,anewassumptionarosethattreatmentofinfectiousorinflammatorydiseaserequiresonlytheeliminationoftheforeignorganismoragentthattriggerstheillness.Intherushtodiscoverantibioticsanddrugsthatcurespecificinfectionsanddiseases,thefactthatthebody’sownresponsescaninfluencesusceptibilitytodiseaseand-itscoursewaslargelyignoredbymedicalresearchers.

Itisironicthatresearchintoinfectiousandinflammatorydiseasefirstled20th-centurymedicinetorejecttheideathatthemindinfluencesphysicalillness,andnowresearchinthesamefield—includingtheworkofourlaboratoriesandofourcollaboratorsattheNationalInstitutesofHealth一isprovingthecontrary.Newmolecularandpharmacologicaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforustoidentifytheintricatenetworkthatexistsbetweentheimmunesystemandthebrain,anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly.Chemicalsproducedbyimmunecellssignalthebrain,andthebraininturnsendschemicalsignalstorestraintheimmunesystem.Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress.Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetworkinanyway,whetherinheritedorthroughdrugs,toxicsubstancesorsurgery,exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders.

Theclinicalsignificanceofthesefindingsislikelytoproveprofound.Theyholdthepromiseofextendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies,andviceversa.Theyalsohelptosubstantiatethepopularlyheldimpression(stilldiscountedinsomemedicalcircles)thatourstateofmindcaninfluencehowwellweresistorrecoverfrominfectiousorinflammatorydiseases.

Thebrain’sstressresponsesystemisactivatedinthreateningsituations.Theimmunesystemrespondsautomaticallytopathogensandforeignmolecules.Thesetworesponsesystemsarethebody’sprincipalmeansformaintaininganinternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis.Asubstantialproportionofhumancellularmachineryisdedicatedtomaintainingit.

Whenhomeostasisisdisturbedorthreatened,arepertoireofmolecular,cellularandbehavioralresponsescomesintoplay.Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate.Theycanbespecifictotheforeigninvaderoraparticularstress,ortheycanbegeneralizedandnonspecificwhenthethreattohomeostasisexceedsacertainthreshold.Theadaptiveresponsemaythemselvesturnintostressorscapableofproducingdisease.Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease.

1.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtosuggestthat()

2.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemind-bodyinteractionindisease?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutclinicalsignificanceofthenewfindingscanbebest

supportedbythepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Accordingtothepassage,inordertomaintainaninternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis,(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ithasalwaysbeenthebeliefofbothphysicianandpatientthatone’sstateofmindcanaffectphysicaldisease

B.thepopularbeliefthatstressexacerbatesinflammatoryillnesshasalwaysbeendiscreditedbythedoctors

C.thediscoveryofantibioticsshedslightonpeople’sunderstandingofthemind-bodyinteractionindisease

D.thereisanewunderstandingofthecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thebrainandimmunesystemssendsignalstoeachother.

B.Theimmuneandcentralnervoussystemsareorganizedinverydifferentwaystoaffectthecourseofillness.

C.Disruptionofthecommunicationofthebrainandimmunesystemcancurecertaindisease.

D.Theimmunesystemandthebrainsharealotofhormonestofacilitatetheircommunication.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theresponsivenesstostressisgeneticallydetermined.

B.Thetreatmentofimmunemaladiescanbeconsciouslycontrolled.

C.Psychoactivedrugsmayinsomecasesbeusedtotreatinflammatorydiseases.

D.Socialinteractionscanlessenpsychologicalstressandalterimmuneresponses.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Takingthecureatamountainsanatoriumdoesn’tworkforthetreatmentformanychronicdiseases.

B.Therelaxingeffectsofhot-springsspacanhelprestorethecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem.

C.Thedisruptionofthebrain’sstressresponsereducesthebody’sresponse.

D.Depressionisalsoassociatedwithinflammatorydisease.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sometimesthestressresponseneedstogototheextreme

B.thestressresponsehastobartheforeignpathogensfromthebody

C.boththestressandimmuneresponsesneedtoberegulated

D.theimmunesystempromotesphysiologicalandbehavioralchanges

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。題干:這篇文章提供的信息表明了_____。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句“Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease”可知,我們才剛剛開始了解大腦和免疫系統(tǒng)之間的相互依賴關(guān)系,它們是如何幫助彼此調(diào)節(jié)和反調(diào)節(jié)的,以及它們自身是如何失靈和產(chǎn)生疾病的。由此可知人們對大腦和免疫系統(tǒng)之間的關(guān)系有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:下列哪一項(xiàng)最能說明疾病中的身心互動(dòng)?Themind-bodyinteraction對應(yīng)文章第二段的theimmunesystemandthebrain,文中提到“anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly”,可知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干:關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的臨床意義,下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述能最好地得到這篇文章的支持?文章第三段第一句提到“signigicance”,后句中“…extendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies...”正好對應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干:從文章中可以推斷出下列哪個(gè)陳述?A和B選項(xiàng)與本文無關(guān)。第二段提到“Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress”,說明有影響,但C選項(xiàng)中的reduce并不能體現(xiàn)。第二段最后一句“Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetwork…exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders”正說明精神狀況對于疾病的影響,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)這篇文章,為了保持一種叫做內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)的內(nèi)部穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)______。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段第三句,根據(jù)第五段中“Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate”可知為了維持人體內(nèi)部的平衡,應(yīng)激反應(yīng)必須將外來病原體從體內(nèi)消除。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Thesetwofirmsaresobigandpowerfulthattheymonopolizebetweenthemtheproductionandsaleofcigarettesinthiscountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.govern

B.influence

C.supervise

D.dominate

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞monopolize意為“壟斷;獨(dú)占;擁有……的專賣權(quán)”;A選項(xiàng)“govern”意為“管理;支配;統(tǒng)治;控制”;B選項(xiàng)“influence”意為“影響;改變;支配”;C選項(xiàng)“supervise”意為“監(jiān)督;管理;指導(dǎo);主管”;D選項(xiàng)“dominate”意為“控制;支配;占優(yōu)勢;在……中占主要地位”。句意:這兩家公司勢力巨大,壟斷了這個(gè)國家香煙的生產(chǎn)和銷售。由題干可知,Thesetwofirmsaresobigandpowerful(兩家公司勢力巨大)所以可推測出這兩家公司在這個(gè)國家的香煙生產(chǎn)和銷售中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。由此可知,monopolize在此處最可能是“壟斷”的意思,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中dominate具有“在……中占主要地位”的意思,與此相近。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

A______changeinpolicyisneededifrelationsareevertoimprove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strict

B.wide

C.ever

D.radical

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)strict“嚴(yán)格的”;B選項(xiàng)wide“廣闊的”;C選項(xiàng)ever“永遠(yuǎn)”,副詞,不修飾名詞;D選項(xiàng)radical“徹底的”。句意:要想改善兩國關(guān)系,就必須______改變政策。根據(jù)語境,D選項(xiàng)radical“徹底的”搭配change比較合理,指的是要改變關(guān)系就要在政策上改變。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thepoliceadmitted______amistakeinarrestinganinnocentman

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tomake

B.tohavemade

C.tohavingmade

D.tomaking

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。admittodoingsth.表示“承認(rèn)作某事”,為固定搭配。“犯錯(cuò)”這個(gè)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在“承錯(cuò)誤”這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前,根據(jù)admitted(admit的過去式)可知空格處應(yīng)為過去完成時(shí),因此選C。句意:警方承認(rèn)在逮捕一名無辜男子時(shí)犯了錯(cuò)誤。

20.單選題

Theideaoftravelingthrough(

)spacetootherplanetsinterestsmanypeopletoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.a

B.the

C./

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】考查冠詞。句意:漫游太空去另一個(gè)星球這個(gè)想法現(xiàn)在引起了很多人的興趣。

sun、star一樣是物質(zhì)名詞,是獨(dú)一無二的事物,所以前面應(yīng)該加定冠詞the,因此答案選C。特指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或自然現(xiàn)象。但space表示“太空”,nature表示“大自然”時(shí),均不能與冠詞連用。

21.翻譯題

這些書都沒有解釋這一現(xiàn)象。

【答案】Noneofthesebooksexplainthephenomenon.

22.單選題

Nowadays,acellphoneserviceisavailabletoeveryone,everywhere.Probablythousandsofpeoplehavealreadybeenusingit,butIjustdiscoveredit,soI'mgoingtoclaimitandalsonameit:FakeFoning.

Thetechnologyhasbeenworkingwellformeattheoffice,butthereareinfiniteapplications.Virtuallyinanypublicspace.

Sayyouworkatabiguniversitywithlotsoftalkyfacultymembersbuzzingabout.Now,sayyouneedtousetherestroom.Thetripdownthehallwilltakeapproximatelyonehour,becauseapersoncan’twalkintothosetalkypeoplewithoutgettingpulledasideforaquestion,abitofgossip,anewreadonacertainlineofParadiseLost.

So,acellphone.Anycellphone.Justpickitup.Don'tdial.Justholdthatphonetoyourfaceandstarttalking.Walkconfidentlydownthehallengagedinfakeconversation,makingsuretotailorboththetopicandcontenttothepersonstandingbeforeyouwhomyouaretryingtoevade.

Forstandardcolleagueavoidance,Isuggestfakechattingaboutfakebusiness:

“Yes,I’mgladyoucalled,becausewereallyneedtohammeroutthedetails.What’sthat?Yes,IreadPage12,butifyoulookatthebottomof4,Ithinkyoucanseetheproblembeginsrightthere.”

Beengagedinyourfakefoneconversation.Makeeyecontactwiththepeoplepassing,nodtothem,gesturekeeninterestintalkingtothematalatertime,pointtoyourphone,shrugandmoveon.

Shoppersshouldconsiderfakefoninganytimetheyspotatalkyneighborintheproducedepartmentpinching(用手捏)unripepeaches.Withoutyourphoneatyourface,you'dbeinfora20-minutespeechonhowterribletheworldis.

Oneimportantcautionaboutfakefoning.TheotherdayIwasfakefoningmywaypastacolleague,andhewasactuallyfollowingmetogetmyattention.IknewhewantedtoaskaboutaprojectIhadnotyetfinished.Iwastryingtobuymyselfsometime,soIcontinuedfakefoningwithmydoctor.“SoIdon’tneedtheoperation?Oh,doctor,thatisthebestnews.”

Andthen:Brrrrrrng!Brrrrrmg!Brrrrrmg!Myphonestartedringing,righttherewhileitwasplantedonmyface.Mycolleaguelookedatme,andIathim,andnaturallyIgasped.“Whatisthematterwiththisthing?”Isaid,pullingthephoneawaytolookatit,andthenputtingitbacktomyear.

“Hello?Areyoustillthere?”

Oops.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisINCORRECT?

2.Whatisfakingfoning?

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,inordertomakefoninglookrealonehasto

4.Whatdoesthelastexampleshow?

5.Afterhisphonesuddenlybeganringing,theauthor

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Cellphoneserviceispopularamongpeople.

B.Fakefoningisanewcellphoneservice.

C.Cellphonehasmuchuseinoffice.

D.Fakefoningisanewdiscovery.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Adevicenewlyproduced.

B.Astrategytoavoidpeople.

C.Aserviceprovidedeverywhere.

D.Askillofcommunication.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.talkaboutinterestingmatters.

B.holdthephonewhilewalking.

C.appearabsorbedinconversation.

D.behavepolitelytopeoplepassingby.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Onehastobecarefulwhilefakefoning.

B.Oneeffectivewayistofakefoneone’sdoctor.

C.Fakefoningmaynotdeceivepeople.

D.Fakefoingisalwaysquitesuccessful.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.immediatelystartedtalkingtothecaller.

B.immediatelystartedtalkingtohiscolleague.

C.putthephoneawayandstoppedtalking.

D.continuedwithhisfakingconversation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。本題要找出說法錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng),可采用排除法。文章第一句提到任何人在任何地方都可以使用手機(jī)服務(wù),因此選項(xiàng)A“手機(jī)服務(wù)對人們來說很普遍”正確。B選項(xiàng)說fakefoning是一項(xiàng)新的手機(jī)服務(wù),明顯錯(cuò)誤。而由文章第二段可知,這種方法在辦公室非常有用,故C項(xiàng)正確。文章第一段第二句指出可能已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)多的人在用這種方法了,但作者才剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn),故D項(xiàng)正確。因此本題正確答案應(yīng)為B項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷。本題詢問fakefoning的含義,這正是文章的主題。雖然原文沒有給出fakefoning的確切定義,但通過原文內(nèi)容推理可知,fakefoni

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