考研考博-英語-安徽電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

SherryTurkleofMIT:ThehumancostofsocialtechnologyBySimonMainwaring

Inlightofalltherecentdevelopmentsaroundsocialtechnology,fromthelaunchofGoogle+toFacebook’sF8conferencelaunchofTimelineandTickerlastweek,IfeltitespeciallypertinenttosharethisinterviewwithSherryTurkleofMIT.WhatsheinvitesustoconsideristhehumancostofoursocialmediaengagementwhichseemsallthemorerelevantasnetworkslikeGoogle+andFacebookarmuswithnewtoolstobecomeevenmoreeffectiveonlinestorytellersinspiringustospendmoretimethere.

SM:HiI'mSimonMainwaring,hereattheIVOHWorldSummitintheCatskills,NewYork,andIhavethegreatpleasureofbeingherewithSherryTurkle,whoistheprofessorofSocialStudiesofScienceandTechnologyatMIT,andtheauthorofthecriticallyacclaimedbook.AloneTogether.Itissuchapleasuretochatwithyou,Sherry.Thankyouforyourtime.Now,oneofthethingsItalkaboutwhenitcomestosocialmediaisthatIbelievethattechnologyisteachingustobehumanagain,yetthethesisofyourbookmightactuallygoagainstthatproposition.Doyouthinkthat’strueornot?

ST:Ithinkthat'sacomplicatedstory.

1.Thatistosay,wearenowusingtechnologyinsomewaysthataredistancingusfromeachother,butI’moptimisticbecauseIthinksomanyofusarestartingtorealizethatsomethingisgoingamisswhenwehavedinnerwithfriendsandeveryonehasaphoneonthetableandinterruptsconversationsinordertotakethosecalls.WhenIwalkedthedunesofCapeCodthatThoreauwalked,andeverybodyiswalkingthoseduneswiththeirheadsdowntothosedevices,somethingisgoingamiss.Wheneveryoneisansweringemailsinsteadoftalkingtocolleaguesatwork,somethingisgoingamiss.Soit’sgood,butweneedtomakeitgoodforus.

SM:Whatwouldyousayisbeinglost,andwhatisthecostofthat?

ST:Well,I’veinterviewedhundredsofyoungpeopleandhundredsofolderpeopleandIthinkthatoneofthethingsthatisbeinglostistheabilitytotoleratesolitude.InmyownstudiesIcallit,“Ishare,thereforeIam.”Thatistosay,yougofromapositionwhereyousay“Ihaveafeeling,Iwanttomakeacall,”toapositionwhereyousay“Iwanttohaveafeeling,Ineedtosendatext.”

2.Sowhat’sbeinglostistheabilitytoexperienceyourthoughtsandfeelingswithoutimmediatelysharingthemandyoulosethecapacitytocollaboratebecausecollaborationisinfusion.Youneedtocometocollaborationwithasenseofself,withyourownideasandconfidenceinyourself.Youlosethecapacityforcertainkindsofleadershipbecause,again,leadershiprequiresanabilitytolead,notjusttopoll.

3.Soyoufeellikewe’relosingtheabilitytobepresentbecausewe’reinsuchahurrytopassonthatexperiencethatwealmostcutourselvesoutoftheequation.

ST:Yes.Andwe’resubstitutingconnectionforconversation.Ithinkthat’sveryimportant.Thismovefromconversationtoconnection,andwe’realmostforgettinghownurturingconversationis.OverandoverI’veinterviewedpeoplewhobasicallytellme“Don’tcall.”InAloneTogetherIhaveachaptertitledPleaseDon’tCall.Thelastthingtheywantisatelephonecall.Itwouldtaketoomuchtime.It’stoodangerous.Toomuchmightshow.Theydon’twanttobeinterrupted.It’seasiertosendanemailorsendatextandnothavetherisksofshowingthemselvesinaconversation.

SM:Wouldyoucharacterizethisasafunctionoftheneedtonowliveinpublicatalltimes,toalwaysbe“on”?Isthatthechallengethatwe’reallfacingnow,because,giventheopportunitytodoitwithsocialmediaandtheseotherplatforms,wefeelobligatedtodoso?

ST:Thereareseveralthings.We’vegivenourselvesanopportunitytohide.Socialmedia,forallofit’sbounties—andI’mveryenthusiasticofallthebountiesofsocialmedia—italsogivesusanopportunitytohide.

4.Weperformourselvesonsocialmedia,andthatisdifferentfrombeingourselvesonsocialmedia.Thatabilitytoperformyourselfisalsoanabilitytohide.Itleadstosomethingthatcall“Fearofmissingout.”You’realwayswatchingwhatotherpeoplearedoingandyoubeingtobejealousbecausetheirshowingtheirbestselvesandyou’reshowingyourbestself.YoualmostbecomejealousofthelifeyouliveonFacebook.Youhavetoremindyourselfthatit’syourlifebecauseyou’reshowingyourbestself.

SM:Letmeaskyouaquestionaboutthat.Howdifferentisthattotheversionofourselvesthatwepresentintherealworld,albeitonlytooneortwoorfivepeopleatatime?Isitworsebecausewecanreachamassaudience?

ST:No,it’sworsebecause...we’resittingheretogetherand,ofcourse,I’minaroleandyou’reinarole,butbecausewe’reheretogether,certainthingsshow.We’reanimals,we’rehumanbeingsand,really,bythefactthatwe’reheretogether,weshowourselvestoeachother,werevealourselvestoeachother.Onthenetwork,wecanfakeit.Wecanperformourselvesinawaywherethereisamorepolishedself.Iinterviewpeoplewhoreallydescribetomethetimeandthecaretheytakeonwhattheypresentintheirsocialmediapresence.It’slikewe’replayingavatarsofourselves.

SM:5.Ifyouhadtocharacterizeitintwoways,thelongtermeffectsonthis,whatisthebestcasescenario,theupside,andtheworstcasescenario.Giveusthespectrumofconsequence.

ST:Bestcasescenario...Myfavoritelineinmybookis,“Justbecausewegrewupwiththeinternet,wethinktheinternetisallgrownup,anditisn’t,andit’stimetomakethecorrections.”Ithinkwe’reataturningpointnowwherewe’rereadytoreassessandliveasanerandhealthierlife.Ithinkthecorporateworldisreadytobemoreattentivetothesocialandemotionalneedsofbothitsconsumersanditsworkers.Ithinkthatpeoplearereadytobemoreattentivetolivingasanerlifeintheironlinepresence.Wedon’twanttobeinterrupted.6.Sotheplussideisthatwe’reatamomentwherewe’regoingtobeabletoenjoythebountiesofthistechnologyandminimizeitscost.Thedownsideisthatwearesomehow,justlikethere’safogofwar,there’safogoftechnology.TeachingatMITfor30years,Icantellyouthattechnologycanmakeusforgetwhatweknowaboutlife,andoneofthethingsthatwe’reforgettingrightnowistheimportanceofconversationandoftrulybeingwitheachotherinthewaysthatmatter.

SM:Yetyou’restilloptimistic.Whyareyouoptimistic?Whatgivesyouhope?

ST:7.I’moptimisticbecauseIthinkhumanbeingswanttobewitheachotherandrealizethenurturanceandthesustainingeffectsofbeingwitheachotherandcommunicatingwitheachother.Ithinkthatthere’samovementIseeintheresonanceinmyworkandintheworkofotherpeoplewhoarestartingtohavethiskindofmessage,includingyourselfactually,thatthere’sstartingtobeaconvergenceinthecorporateworldandconsumerworldofrealizingthatthesetwoworldshaveintereststhatarestartingtocometogetherbyusingthistechnologyinmorehumaneways,inwaysthatarebetterforthesocialgood.

SM:Ican’ttellyouhowexcitedIambythebook.Thatfifteen-yearstudyontheimpactofscienceandtechnologyisabsolutelyincredible.Ihighlyrecommendittoeveryone.Whereelsecanpeoplefindyouonline?

ST:Forthebook,goto,orgoogleSherryTurkleandmywebpagewithallmywritingsandresearchwillbeonthat.

SM:Thankyouforgivingusthegiftofallyourthinking.Arealpleasuretomeetyou,Sherry.

【答案】1.也就是說，我們現(xiàn)在使用的技術(shù)在某些方面正使我們相互疏遠。但對此我很樂觀。我們和一群朋友一起吃飯時，每個人都帶著手機，電話鈴響起時卻不得不中斷交談。已經(jīng)有一些人認識到其中的問題了

2.因此，你失去的是一種無需立即分享就獨自體驗你的想法和感受的能力，且由于合作需要融入，你也失去了合作的能力。

3.所以你會覺得我們正在失去活在當下的能力，因為我們太急于將這種體驗傳遞下去，以至于我們幾乎把自己隔離起來。

4.我們在社交媒體上表現(xiàn)自己，這和在社交媒體前做自己是不同的。這種自我表現(xiàn)的能力也是一種隱藏的能力，這最終會變成我說的“害怕錯過”。

5.如果你必須用兩種方式來描述它的長期影響，那就是最好的情況與最壞的結(jié)果。給出結(jié)果可能出現(xiàn)的范圍。

6.因此，好的一面是，我們現(xiàn)在能夠享受這項技術(shù)的好處并將其代價降到最低。壞的一面是，就像戰(zhàn)爭一樣，我們需要面對“科技的迷霧”。

7.我很樂觀，因為我認為人們想要同彼此在一起，認識到彼此相處和交流的滋養(yǎng)和持續(xù)效果。

2.單選題

Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitive(認知的)aging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.

AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5,000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofare(過活)betterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalfarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.

Educationhelps,too,researcherssay,perhapsbecauseitinstille(灌輸)theconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaieWillisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.

Flexibilitycounts,too.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore,”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychological(神經(jīng)心理學的)terms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.

Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorials(輔導課)oninductivereasoningorspatial(空間的)skillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslaterwhentheywerere-tested.

Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohone(磨練)visual-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.

Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdom—looselydefinedasthematurationofintellectualabilitiesthatcomeswithlifeexperiences—continuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.

16.Inthispassage,theauthormainlydiscusses.

17.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(Paragraph1)refersto.

18.Accordingtoresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?

19.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthatmighthelppreventmentaldeclines.

20.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat.

問題1選項

A.theroleofmentalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging

B.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging

C.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills

D.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor

問題2選項

A.brainpower

B.cognitivedevelopment

C.mentalstimulation

D.intellectualfunction

問題3選項

A.Education

B.Chronicillness

C.Standardsofliving

D.Alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.physicalexercises

B.socialinterconnections

C.rigiddailyroutines

D.ahealthydiet

問題5選項

A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience

B.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalaginghasstarted

C.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchasinductivereasoningandspatialskills

D.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一步，定位首尾核心句，第一段第一句話Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.“研究人員對于‘使用否則失去’的理念是否適用于認知衰老存在分歧，但有一些證據(jù)表明，保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡相關(guān)的衰退”。第二步，行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，先提出保持思維活躍能夠減緩智力的衰退，接下來是講研究人員尋找到的保持智力活躍的方法，最后講到年齡帶來的不只是衰老還有智慧，所以答案選D選項“保持智力活力的有效方法”。

A選項“心理刺激在預防心理衰老中的作用”，心理刺激只是在第二段稍微提了一下，不是文章主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

B選項“隨著年齡的增長，心智能力逐漸喪失”，這是最后一段的內(nèi)容，不是文章主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

C選項“心理功能和空間技能之間的關(guān)系”，這只是文章第五段的內(nèi)容，不是文章主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞匯推斷題。第一步句中信息，定位到文章第一段第一句話Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.“研究人員對于‘使用否則失去’的理念是否適用于認知衰老持反對態(tài)度，但有一些證據(jù)表明，保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡相關(guān)的衰退”。第二步，上下文語義銜接，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞but可知兩個句子之間是存在著一個轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前句說隨著年齡的增長某些事不用就會被丟到，這種觀點研究人員持反對態(tài)度，后句是說保持思維活躍可以減緩衰退。從這里可知it指代之物是與mentally相應的，所以答案選A選項“智力”。

B選項“認知發(fā)展”，我們能夠使用或者失去的不可能是某種事物的發(fā)展，所以答案不能選B，這里屬于曲意理解。

C選項“精神刺激”，理由同B選項。

D選項“智力功能”，文章句子定位到第一段但是D選項是出現(xiàn)在第二段，這里屬于出處錯誤。

18.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。第一步精準定位，定位到第二段第二句Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalfarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些幸運地避免了慢性疾病的人在智力方面也可能表現(xiàn)得更好，這可能是因為慢性疾病會限制生活方式，使精神狀況更差，也可能是因為金錢可以買到刺激智力的東西，比如旅行”，第三段第一句Educationhelps,too…“教育也有助于……”，第二步綜合理解，能夠經(jīng)常旅游的人說明生活水平是很不錯的，由此可知教育、慢性疾病、生活水平都能夠影響認知衰老，所以答案選D選項“以上都是”。

A選項“教育”，B選項“慢性疾病”，C選項“生活水平”，選任何一項都會犯以偏概全的錯誤。

19.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)信息，定位到文章第六段最后一句話…simplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.“僅僅是在家和那些在電視里玩游戲的人比拼智慧”，第二步，綜合理解，玩游戲這里可以算是一種運動，所以答案選A選項“體育運動”。

B選項“社會聯(lián)系”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項“嚴格的日常工作”，定位到文章第四段第一二句Flexibilitycounts,too.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore,”靈活性計數(shù)。保持精神活力的人通常不會堅持“他們今天必須像以前一樣做事”，由這里可知死板的日常工作非但不會阻止智力衰退反而會導致智力衰退。

D選項“健康的飲食”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

20.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到第五段第二句WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.“當威利斯給大約200名技能在過去14年中有所下降的人提供5小時的歸納推理或空間技能輔導時，40%的人恢復了失去的能力?！?，從這里可知推理歸納和空間技能屬于智力技能，不屬于智慧的范疇，所以C選項“智慧的重要性高于智力技能，如歸納推理和空間技能”錯誤，這里屬于張冠李戴。

A選項“智慧可以被認為是一種特殊形式的能力和伴隨著生活經(jīng)驗而來的知識的完全發(fā)展”選項是最后一段第二句話Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.“盡管隨著年齡的增長，你可能會失去一些心智技能，但你也會在一個關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域得到提升：智慧”的同義替代。

B選項“即使智力老化的過程已經(jīng)開始，智慧仍然可能增長”定位到最后一段第二句話Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.“盡管隨著年齡的增長，你可能會失去一些心智技能，但你也會在一個關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域得到提升：智慧”，所以B選項正確。

D選項“智慧是腦力的重要組成部分”，定位到最后一段第三句Thegrowthofwisdom—looselydefinedasthematurationofintellectualabilitiesthatcomeswithlifeexperiences—continues…“智慧的增長——寬泛地定義為伴隨生活經(jīng)歷而來的智力能力的成熟——仍在繼續(xù)……”從這里可知智慧是智力能力的成熟，智力和大腦有關(guān)，所以D選項正確。

3.單選題

Criticscalledtheproposala（）gamethatisnoteasilyrecognizable.

問題1選項

A.board

B.ball

C.home

D.shell

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項board“木板，甲板，膳食，董事長”；B選項ball“球，舞會”；C選項home“家，住宅，產(chǎn)地，家鄉(xiāng)，避難所”；D選項shell“殼，貝殼，炮彈，外形”。shellgame為固定搭配，意為“騙局”。句意：批評人士稱該提議是一場難以辨認的騙局。因此C答案正確。

4.單選題

Eventhoughtheinvestigationhasbeengoingonfortwomonths,thepolicehave（）nofurtherdetailsabouttheaccident.

問題1選項

A.comprised

B.formulated

C.released

D.incorporated

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。comprised包含，由...組成；formulated構(gòu)想出，規(guī)劃；released發(fā)布，發(fā)行；incorporated包含，把...合并。根據(jù)句意可知警方是沒有“發(fā)布”消息。故選C。

5.單選題

Thegovernorsaidhewould（

）judgmentuntilhereceivedthecommittee’sreport.

問題1選項

A.withstand

B.withhold

C.scrutinize

D.ferret

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。withstand意為“經(jīng)受，承受”；withhold意為“拒給，扣留”；scrutinize意為“仔細檢查”；ferret意為“搜出，查獲”。

句意：州長說，他將在收到委員會的報告后才做出判斷。

6.單選題

Manysocialservicesareprovidedby（

）societiesandorganizationsthatdonotexpectanymaterialpayment.

問題1選項

A.wealthy

B.voluntary

C.helpful

D.spiritual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。wealthy“富有的；充分的”；voluntary“自愿的”；helpful“有幫助的；有益的”；spiritual“精神的；心靈的”。句意：很多社團自愿組織提供很多社會福利事業(yè)，并不期望任何物質(zhì)報酬。選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.

Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinfections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords,afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmattersasWHoorWHOmandMeorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.

1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto_____.

2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinparagraph2.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an)_____.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguage

B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns

C.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistory

D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage

問題2選項

A.changesintheformsofwords.

B.changesinsentencestructures.

C.changesinspellingrules.

D.wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.

問題3選項

A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.

B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.

C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.

D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.

問題4選項

A.historian

B.philosopher

C.anthropologist

D.linguist

問題5選項

A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.

B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.

C.Ourchanginglanguage.

D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“...,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.”直到現(xiàn)在，人們才有一種強烈的趨勢，那就是重新研究和評價語言實踐中人們說話和寫作的方式。由此可知，現(xiàn)代語言學家根據(jù)人們說話和寫作的方式而不是標準或者模式來評估語言實踐。選項B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Andwhensomewordinflections...suchmattersasWHoorWHOmandMeorI.”可知“inflection”其意為“單詞變形”，選項A正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的一二三四句“Wroupbutofmany.”可知選項A，C，D正確。選項B其他語言對英語的重大影響在本文中并未提及。

4.本文主要是講英語語言的變化與發(fā)展,由此推斷作者應該為語言學家。

5.本文主要是講英語語言的變化與發(fā)展,并不是講述英語歷史，所以A項錯誤；選項B和D只是文章的片段，不夠全面，所以本題選項C正確。

8.問答題

Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,youcan'thelpbeingstruckbytheappearanceofthewomentakingpart.

Theirhairstylesandmake-uplookdate:theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort;

A

B

theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.

C

D

【答案】試題答案：B;dated

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。由“theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort”可知此處指的是不好的，look表示“看起來”的意思，后面接形容詞，dated意為“過時的”。

9.單選題

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.

Inherpaintings,KahlorepeatedlyemployedAztecsymbols,suchasskeletonsorbleedingheartsthatweretraditionallyrelatedtotheemanationoflifefromdeathandlightfromdarkness.TheseimagesofdestructioncoupledwithcreationspeaknotonlytoKahlo’spersonalbattleforlife,butalsototheMexicanstruggletoemergeasanation—byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.OntheUnitedStatessidearemechanisticandmodemimagessuchassmokestacks,lightbulbs,androbots.Incontrast,theorganicandancientsymbolsontheMexicanside—ablood-drenchedSun,lushvegetation,anAztecsculpture,apre-Columbiantemple,andaskullalludingtothosethatlinedthewallsofAztectemples—emphasizetheinterrelationoflife,death,theearth,andthecosmos.

KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.Heruseoffamiliarsymbolsinareadilyaccessiblestylealsoservedhergoalofbeingpopularlyunderstood;inturn,KahloisviewedbysomeMexicansasamythicfigurerepresentativeofnationalismitself.

31.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpsychoanalyticandpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo'sworkwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

33.WhichoneofthefollowingstancestowardtheUnitedStatesdoesthepassagementionascharacterizingMexicannationalistsintheearlytwentiethcentury?

34.Inthecontextofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedfortheword"romantic"（Paragraph2,Line7）withoutsubstantiallychangingtheauthor'smeaning?

35.ThepassageimpliesthatKahlo'sattitudetowardtheeconomicdevelopmentofMexicowas（）.

問題1選項

A.ThedoctrinesofMarxistideologyandMexicannationalismheavilyinfluencedMexicanpaintersofKahlo’sgeneration.

B.Kahlo’spaintingscontainnumerousreferencestotheAztecsasanindigenousMexicanpeoplepredatingEuropeaninfluence.

C.AnimportantelementofKahlo’sworkisconveyedbysymbolsthatreflectheradvocacyofindigenousMexicancultureandMexicanpoliticalautonomy.

D.TheuseofAztecimagesandsymbolsinKahlo’sartcanbetracedtothelatenineteenth-centuryrevivalofinterestinMexicanhistoryandculture.

問題2選項

A.ThepsychoanalyticinterpretationsofKahlo’sworktendtochallengethepoliticalinterpretations.

B.PoliticalandpsychoanalyticinterpretationsarenetplementaryapproachestoKahlo’swork.

C.RecentpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo’sworkarecausingpsychoanalyticcriticstorevisetheirowninterpretations.

D.Unlikethepoliticalinterpretations,thepsychoanalyticinterpretationsmakeuseofbiographicalfactsofKahlo’slife.

問題3選項

A.OppositiontoUnitedStatesinvolvementininternalMexicanaffairs.

B.DesiretodecreaseemigrationoftheMexicanlaborforcetotheUnitedStates.

C.DesiretoimproveMexico’seconomiccompetitivenesswiththeUnitedStates.

D.ReluctancetoimitatetheUnitedStatesmodelofrapidindustrialization.

問題4選項

A.Dreamyandescapist.

B.Nostalgicandidealistic.

C.Fancifulandimaginative.

D.Transcendentalandimpractical.

問題5選項

A.enthusiastic

B.condemnatory

C.cautious

D.noncommittal

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.文章主旨題。瀏覽全文，本文的主題人物是PainterFridaKahlo,全文的主題句為原文第一段最后一句，“YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.（然而，卡羅是一位熱情的政治活動家，在她的藝術(shù)中，她不僅尋求探索自己的根源，而且還支持墨西哥爭取獨立的政治和文化身份的斗爭。）”其中的關(guān)鍵詞為herart，politicalactivist和politicalandculturalidentity。從而得出本題答案。

32.

細節(jié)推斷題。原文第三段第二句中的byimplication體現(xiàn)了作者的想法，“byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrial