考研考博-英語-山東力明科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東力明科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thetestimoniesofthewitnessesprovided______proofthatmyclientisinnocent;Idemandthathebereleasedatonce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invalid

B.incredulous

C.irrefragable

D.impotent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)invalid表示“（法律上或官方）不承認(rèn)的，無效的”，B項(xiàng)incredulous表示“懷疑的，不輕信的”，C項(xiàng)irrefragable表示“不能反駁的，不能否認(rèn)的”，D項(xiàng)impotent表示“無能為力的，不起作用的”。根據(jù)myclientisinnocent（我的當(dāng)事人是無辜的）可知，______proof表示“無可辯駁的證據(jù)”符合語境。句意：證人的證詞提供了無可辯駁的證據(jù)，證明我的當(dāng)事人是無辜的；我要求立即釋放他。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural(神經(jīng)的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinbrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（

）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom（

）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（

）.

4.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudytotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：作者說當(dāng)今強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)……A選項(xiàng)“能夠可靠地識(shí)別物體的形狀”；B選項(xiàng)“接近人類行為的表現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)“他們的表現(xiàn)和50年代的沒有什么不同”；D選項(xiàng)“仍然不能用人類的語言與人交流”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第二三句話：Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.（盡管計(jì)算機(jī)很有用，但是它們離實(shí)現(xiàn)類似人類行為這一早期愿望還差得很遠(yuǎn)，更別提像對話這樣復(fù)雜的事情了：最強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)也很難可靠地識(shí)別物體的形狀，然而這對一個(gè)10個(gè)月大的孩子來說是最基本的任務(wù)。），從這句可以看出，選項(xiàng)A、B錯(cuò)誤，答案選D；選項(xiàng)C文章沒有提及。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：人工智能研究的新趨勢源于……。A選項(xiàng)“研究的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)ξ矬w形狀的識(shí)別”；B選項(xiàng)“相信人類的智慧不能被邏輯上的、按部遞進(jìn)的程序所復(fù)制”；C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們渴望復(fù)制一個(gè)10個(gè)月大的孩子的智力”；D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們在研究晶體管和腦細(xì)胞之間相似性方面所做的努力”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二三句話Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.（科學(xué)家們表示，問題在于，人工智能一直在試圖分離語言和數(shù)學(xué)等最高、最抽象的思維層次，并用邏輯的、循序漸進(jìn)的程序來復(fù)制它們。另一方面，人工智能領(lǐng)域的一項(xiàng)新運(yùn)動(dòng)更深入地探討了自然與智能之間的間接聯(lián)系），從這句可以看出科學(xué)家指出問題在于人們一直在用看似有邏輯的步驟來復(fù)制抽象的思維，但其實(shí)這樣是行不通的，所以答案選B；A、C選項(xiàng)只是對文章內(nèi)容的拼接，不是問題所在；D選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：康拉德和他的人工智能研究小組一直在努力……。A選項(xiàng)“找到一個(gè)迂回的方法來設(shè)計(jì)功能強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)”；B選項(xiàng)“用一個(gè)巧妙的交換機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)”；C選項(xiàng)“了解智能實(shí)際上是如何發(fā)展的”；D選項(xiàng)“將思維的最高層次和最抽象的層次分開”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第三段第一句“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家兼生物物理學(xué)家邁克爾?康拉德（MichaelConrad）說，模仿大腦的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（Imitatingthebrain’sneuralnetwork）是朝著正確方向邁出的一大步，但它仍然忽略了自然智能（naturalintelligence）的一個(gè)重要方面?！?，通過這一句話可以看出，康拉德所做的內(nèi)容是人工智能和自然智能之間的關(guān)系，康拉德贊同人工智能取得進(jìn)步的想法，但是他同時(shí)認(rèn)為不能忽略自然智能的某一方面。再結(jié)合第三段最后兩句“具體來說，康拉德認(rèn)為，大腦的許多能力都源于構(gòu)成每個(gè)腦細(xì)胞（eachbraincell）的單個(gè)分子的模式識(shí)別能力。他聲稱，制造人工智能設(shè)備的最佳方法是圍繞同樣的分子技能（thesamesortofmolecularskills）來制造?！笨芍道乱恢痹谂α私獯竽X本身是如何運(yùn)作的，再用于人工智能中，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。ABD三項(xiàng)都不符合題干，排除。

第4題:作者意圖題。A選項(xiàng)“它在人工智能研究人員中引起了轟動(dòng)，但很快就會(huì)消失”；B選項(xiàng)“這是在復(fù)制人類思維過程方面的一個(gè)突破”；C選項(xiàng)“這更像是一個(gè)奇特的游戲，而不是真正的科學(xué)努力”；D選項(xiàng)“它可能被證明是在正確的方向上，盡管沒有人能確定它的未來前景”。定位到文章第二段最后一句話Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield（這些早期努力的成果既有希望，也有獨(dú)特之處，新的基于自然的人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)正在緩慢但肯定地走向該領(lǐng)域的前沿），從這里可知答案選D，其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第5題:語義推測題。A選項(xiàng)：“這是制造人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)的唯一途徑”；B選項(xiàng)“這是他們贏得人工智能研究獎(jiǎng)的唯一途徑”；C選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中唯一值得學(xué)習(xí)的領(lǐng)域”；D選項(xiàng)“他們在城里唯一想玩的游戲”。第四段最后一句：Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.（但如果這是真的，那么康拉德和他的人工智能伙伴們的努力可能會(huì)成為（））然后定位到第三段最后一句：Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills（他（康拉德）聲稱，建造人工智能設(shè)備的最好方法是圍繞同樣的分子技術(shù)來建造），從這里可以看出來康拉德另辟蹊徑的目的是為了建造人工智能，如果康拉德及其團(tuán)隊(duì)的道路是正確的話那么這會(huì)是通往城市唯一的游戲，由此可以推測通往城市的唯一游戲是指建造人工智能唯一的方法，所以A選項(xiàng)正確，其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

3.單選題

Asa（

）actor,hecanperform,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsofmusicalinstruments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flexible

B.versatile

C.sophisticated

D.productive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。flexible意為“靈活的”；versatile意為“多才多藝的，有多種技能的”；sophisticated意為“見多識(shí)廣的，老練的”；productive意為“多產(chǎn)的，有效益的”。由句子后面的內(nèi)容可知他會(huì)很多才藝，因此選B。

句意：作為一名多才多藝的演員，他會(huì)表演、唱歌、跳舞并能演奏好幾種樂器。

4.單選題

BillieHoliday’sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherability（

）emotionaldepthtohersongs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.begiving

B.aregiven

C.togive

D.beinggiven

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。haveabilitytodosth有能力做某事。句意：比利霍樂迪，作為一位偉大的爵士布魯斯歌手，她的盛名在于能將感情融入到歌曲中。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkingenvironment

C.todefendthepracticeofcontrollingsmokingintheworkplace

D.topresentanargumentformakingsmokingasolelyjob-relatedissue

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theassumptionthatsmokers,duetotheirtime-consuminghabit,arenotasefficientatworkasnonsmokers.

B.Thenotionthattobaccosmokingseriouslycontaminatestheworkingenvironment.

C.Smoking-relatedhealthproblemsthatcauseprematuredeaths.

D.Thefactthatthenationaleconomyisweakenedbysmoking-relatedcosts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？”。文章第一段指出ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.（我負(fù)責(zé)的公司在上周深吸了一口新鮮空氣，然后就徹底戒掉了吸煙壞習(xí)慣。在家庭辦公室里工作，吸煙是完全禁止的。），根據(jù)wentcoldturkey（快速戒掉壞習(xí)慣）這個(gè)詞語，可以推斷出公司是突然禁止吸煙，故D項(xiàng)“公司總部突然全面禁止吸煙”正確，由此也可知B項(xiàng)“該公司逐步、有條件地實(shí)行了禁煙令”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”（在我們的3000名家庭辦公室員工中，大多數(shù)人支持我們的新政策，吸煙者和不吸煙者都是一樣的，但有少數(shù)人抱怨說，我們?yōu)槭裁匆捌缫曃鼰熣摺?。）可知，關(guān)于公司的禁煙令，包括吸煙者和不吸煙者在內(nèi)，大部分的員工是支持的，只有少數(shù)人有抱怨，這其中可能有吸煙者可能也有不吸煙者，因此A項(xiàng)“總的來說，吸煙的員工對公司規(guī)定不允許在工作場所吸煙感到不舒服”和C項(xiàng)“在公司的主要辦公室里，吸煙者被認(rèn)為是少數(shù)愛發(fā)牢騷的人”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.（任何每年殺死35萬美國人的事情都應(yīng)該采取果斷的行動(dòng)，所有強(qiáng)壯的牛仔和黃褐色頭發(fā)的迷人的女人都不能充分地鼓吹香煙廣告，來掩蓋這個(gè)國家七分之一的死亡與吸煙有關(guān)的事實(shí)。）可以推斷，香煙廣告通常都是以誘人的形象來展示，故A項(xiàng)“香煙廣告通常利用誘人形象的吸引力”正確；B項(xiàng)“香煙廣告傾向于提醒人們吸煙和美好生活之間的關(guān)系”從文中推斷不出來；C項(xiàng)“一般來說，香煙廣告是為了誤導(dǎo)不吸煙的人”也不正確，香煙廣告既可能誘導(dǎo)不吸煙者也可能誤導(dǎo)吸煙者；D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)香煙廣告的目標(biāo)是強(qiáng)壯和有吸引力的男人和女人”顛倒了文章意思。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的目的是什么？”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段通過公司突然禁煙的做法引出了無煙工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)，第二段闡述了提供無煙工作環(huán)境的原因，即吸煙的一系列危害，接著第三段講到了公司為了實(shí)行禁令為員工做的一些努力和大多數(shù)員工對禁令的支持，然后最后一段總結(jié)，吸煙導(dǎo)致的增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、死亡和工作時(shí)間損失都會(huì)給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成一定的損失，所以提供無煙工作環(huán)境是一個(gè)商業(yè)的決策；綜合全文我們可以推斷出，這篇文章的目的是給“提供無煙工作環(huán)境”這一策略做辯護(hù)，C項(xiàng)“為在工作場所控制吸煙的做法辯護(hù)”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“批判吸煙的習(xí)慣對健康有害”和B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)無煙工作環(huán)境的可獲得性”都是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文；D項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)關(guān)于讓吸煙成為僅僅是與工作相關(guān)的問題的論點(diǎn)”不符合文意。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)不是作者用以作為管制工作期間吸煙的理由？”。由第二段最后兩句Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.（與此相關(guān)的成本也在侵蝕我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。最近的一份報(bào)告估計(jì)，吸煙者使用醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)的人數(shù)至少比不吸煙者多50%；他們每天要浪費(fèi)30分鐘的時(shí)間摸索火柴和打火機(jī)，吸食誘人的毒藥。）以及最后一段中的倒數(shù)第二句Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)國會(huì)研究，每年因吸煙而增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、過早死亡和工作時(shí)間損失給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的損失平均為650億美元）可知，A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙者耗時(shí)的習(xí)慣，所以在工作效率不如不吸煙者的假設(shè)”、C項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的導(dǎo)致過早死亡的健康問題”和D項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的成本削弱了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的事實(shí)”都是禁止工作期間吸煙的理由；只有B項(xiàng)“吸煙嚴(yán)重污染工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

AmongtheastronomersofancientGreece,twotheories（）concerningtheplaceoftheearthintheuniverse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.developing

B.indevelopment

C.developed

D.whichtheydeveloped

【答案】C

【解析】語法題?？疾橹^語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主語為twotheories（兩種理論），空格后面的“concerning”為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，因此空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C項(xiàng)可做謂語。句意：古希臘的天文學(xué)家創(chuàng)立了兩種關(guān)于地球在宇宙中的位置的理論。

7.單選題

Standingatthetopofthemountain,wewatchedthefog（）fromthevalleybelow;itseemedthatwehadenteredafairyland.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descend

B.decrease

C.ascend

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)descend“下降；遺傳”；B選項(xiàng)decrease“減??；減少”；C選項(xiàng)ascend“上升；攀登”；D選項(xiàng)increase“增加；增大”。句意：站在山頂，我們看著霧從下面的山谷……，我們好像進(jìn)入了一個(gè)仙境。形容云霧繚繞，霧應(yīng)該是從下方升起的，故選C。

8.單選題

It’stime（

）aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.somethingwasdone

B.anythingwillbedone

C.everythingisdone

D.nothingtobedone

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。it'stime后面的從句用一般過去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原形（should不能省略）。句意：是時(shí)候采取一些措施來解決城市交通問題了。故A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

TheworseningcrisisattheFukushimaPowerStationinJapanhasledtoinevitablecomparisonswiththe1986Chernobylnucleardisasterthatkilledworkersattheplantinstantly,causedcancersinthesurroundingpopulationandspreadradioactivecontaminationsofarthatlivestockrestrictionsarestillinplaceatsomefarmsaroundtheUkraine.

ThesituationatFukushimaiscertainlygraveandimmediatelydangerousforthoseatthesitewhoarefightingtomakethecrippledreactorsandfuelstoragepondssafe.

ButwhateverwarningsarenowbeingissuedbyforeigngovernmentstotheircitizensinJapan,therearesignificantdifferencesthatsetthisapartfromthecatastropheinUkraine.

AtChernobylthenuclearreactorexplodedafterasurgeinpowerthatblewthetopoffthepowerplantandsenthotfuelhighintotheupperatmosphere,whereitfloatedacrossnationalborders.Afirethatbrokeoutinthegraphitecoreforcedmoreradioactivematerialintotheair,helpingitspreadfurther.Thereactorhadnocontainmentfacilitytoevenslowthereleaseofradiationfromtheplant.

TheFukushimaboilingwaterreactorisa40-year-oldpowerplantandithassomeglaringdesignflaws,butthereactorshavebeenswitchedoffforfivedays,sothereislessfreshradioactivematerialaround,andeachcoreiscontainedwithina20cm-thicksteelcontainer,whichisthenprotectedbyasteel-linedreinforcedconcreteouterstructure.Eveninthecaseofameltdown,thesemeasuresshouldatleastlimittheamountofradiationreleased.

Butwhatofthepopulationbeyond?Theriskfromradiationfallsoffsubstantiallywithdistance.Theauthoritieshavealreadyimposedanexclusionzoneof12milesaroundthepowerstation,introducedfoodbansanddispensedpotassiumiodidepillstothoseinthesurroundingarea.

Forthemoredistantpopulation,themostseriousradioactivesubstancesthatwouldbereleasedarecaesium-137andiodine-131.Theseareextremelyvolatile,socanbecarriedalongway.Butdangerousdosesarenotlikelytotravelfaronthewind.Thedangercomeswhenradioactiveiodineandcaesiumraindownontheground,onthepastureland,forexample,andlivestockeatit.Cowsconcentrateradioactiveiodineintheirmilk.Radioactivecaesiumaccumulatesinmuscles,andinthepasthasbuiltupingrazingsheep.Thethreattohumansthencomesfromdrinkingmilkandeatingcontaminatedmeat.Bothcanraisetheriskofcancer—iodineespeciallybybeingabsorbedintochildren’sthyroidglands.

WhathappenedatChernobyl,whichwasamuchmoreseriousaccidentthanthis,wasthatthelocalSovietauthoritieswereindenial,theydidn’tgetpeopleoutofthearea,theydidn’tevacuatequicklyenough,andtheyallowedchildrentocontinuetodrinkheavilycontaminatedmilk,andasaconsequence,manychildrenreceivedhighdosesofradiationtothethyroidandwe’veseenthousandsofthyroidcancersasaconsequence.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.TheChernobylwasregardedasaseriousaccidentbecause（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.EyeingJapan,CountriesReassessNuclearPlans.

B.LessonsforJapanfromtheChernobylCatastrophe.

C.RecentEventsinFukushimaEvokedWorldwideCare.

D.Japan’sHorrorRevealsHowThinIstheEdgeWeLiveon.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theriskofradiationspreadingwideinJapanremains

B.thehealthimplicationsofleaksintotheseawouldbelimited

C.thedisasterinJapanhasmucheffectonnuclearpolicyworldwide

D.JapanandUkrainetookthesamemeasuresindealingwithdisaster

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TherearesomeobviousdesigndefectsinFukushima’spowerplant.

B.Theradioactivesubstancesmaycausedeathtothedistantpopulation.

C.Potassiumiodidetabletscanguardagainstsomeeffectsofradiationexposure.

D.UnliketheFukushimaplant,Chernobyl’sreactorlackedacontainmentfacility.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplefailedtoadoptsomeeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselves

B.manyvolunteersrushedtheretofighttomakethecrippledreactorssafe

C.radioactivesubstancescouldspreadasfaras20milesalongwiththewind

D.thegovernmentdeniedthecatastrophetherestillthreatenedpeople’slife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.文章第三段指出,日本福島核泄漏事故和烏克蘭切爾諾貝利核災(zāi)難相比有顯著的差異,由此可以推斷,之所以差異巨大是因?yàn)槿毡緩那袪栔Z貝利核災(zāi)難中汲取了教訓(xùn),選項(xiàng)B作為標(biāo)題更恰當(dāng)。

2.選項(xiàng)B和C在文中沒有信息提及,所以無法推導(dǎo)出來;選項(xiàng)D表述錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第六段第二句“Theriskfromradiationfallsoffsubstantiallywithdistance.”輻射的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隨著距離的越遠(yuǎn)而大大降低。由此推斷,輻射在日本蔓延的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)依然存在。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第七段的一二句可知,對于更遙遠(yuǎn)的人群來說,釋放出的最嚴(yán)重的放射性物質(zhì)是銫-137和碘-131。它們極易揮發(fā),所以可以攜帶很長時(shí)間。但是危險(xiǎn)的劑量不太可能在風(fēng)中傳播很遠(yuǎn)。也就是說,這些放射性物質(zhì)不會(huì)導(dǎo)致遠(yuǎn)方居民死亡。所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,切爾諾貝利的事故之所以如此嚴(yán)重,是因?yàn)楫?dāng)?shù)卣裾J(rèn)事故,他們沒有及時(shí)讓人們撤離,他們讓孩子繼續(xù)喝污染嚴(yán)重的牛奶。也就是說政府否認(rèn)那里的災(zāi)難仍然威脅著人們的生命,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

10.單選題

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)carry“拿，運(yùn)送，攜帶”，指一般的搬運(yùn)，多指用人力；B選項(xiàng)fetch“（去）拿來，（去）請來”，指說話人離開說話處，去別處把某人或某物帶來；C選項(xiàng)bring“帶來，引來”，從別處拿某物到說話人處，由遠(yuǎn)及近；D選項(xiàng)reach“到達(dá)”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的意思及句意可知選B。句意：當(dāng)她看到了烏云的時(shí)候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨傘。

11.單選題

14.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheisseriouslyill.

B.Shehastolookafterherhusbandathome.

C.Shewillpersuadeherhusbandtogotohospital.

D.Shewillbetakengoodcareofbyhersisteranddaughter.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Oh,Icouldn'tpossiblydothat.Icouldn’ttellmyhusbandandanyway,who’dlookafterhim?

M:Icanunderstandyourconcerns.Ifyouknewthathewouldhavecomeheretoday,whatdoyouthinkhewouldsay?

W:He’dbesoworried.Hedoesn’tlikeitwhenanyoneissickandhehateshospitals.

M:Well,youmightalsothinkaboutwhatyouwouldsaytoyoursisteranddaughter?

Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoman?

【解析】女士說：Icouldn’ttellmyhusbandandanyway（我不知道怎么開口告訴他），He’dbesoworried.Hedoesn’tlikeitwhenanyoneissickandhehateshospitals（他平時(shí)就恨生病，也討厭來醫(yī)院），因此她一直焦慮如何說服丈夫來醫(yī)院。

12.單選題

Toimpressafutureemployeroneshoulddressneatly,be（

）,anddisplayinterestinthejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.swift

B.instant

C.timely

D.punctual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)swift“迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的”；B選項(xiàng)instant“立即的，直接的，緊迫的”；C選項(xiàng)timely“及時(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)punctual“按時(shí)的，準(zhǔn)時(shí)的”。句意：要想給未來老板留下好印象，應(yīng)聘者應(yīng)穿著整齊，嚴(yán)格準(zhǔn)時(shí)，并且表現(xiàn)出對工作的興趣。結(jié)合句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Manyeconomistsbelievedthat______consumerswouldcutspendingoncethevalueoftheirhomesbegantofall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overstretched

B.oversaturated

C.overproduced

D.overpopulated

【答案】A

【解析】overstretched過度延伸的，指系統(tǒng)或組織被迫過度運(yùn)作的；oversaturated過飽和的；overproduce過度生產(chǎn)的；overpopulated人口過密的，人口過剩的。句意：許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，一旦房價(jià)開始下跌，超負(fù)荷的消費(fèi)者就會(huì)削減支出。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

______thedoorthansomebodystartedknockingonit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ihadclosednosooner

B.Ihadnosoonerclosed

C.NosoonerhaveIclosed

D.NosoonerIclosed

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：我剛關(guān)上門，就有人開始敲門。nosooner…than是固定搭配，意為“一……就……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用過去完成時(shí)，than后面的從句用一般過去時(shí)，基本用法為：主語+hadnosoonerdonesth.than+主語+did。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

WhilehewasinBeijing,hespentallhistime（）someimportartmuseumsandbuildings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.visiting

B.traveling

C.watching

D.touring

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)visit“訪問，拜訪，看望，參觀，訪問”，指短期行為，更多用于動(dòng)作，目的性較強(qiáng)；B選項(xiàng)travel“長途旅行，經(jīng)過（某地區(qū)），（非正式）經(jīng)受得住旅行，（物體，放射線）移動(dòng)，行進(jìn)，傳送”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從某處過到另一處，或者已經(jīng)完成的旅行；C選項(xiàng)watch“觀看，注視，守候，看守”，強(qiáng)調(diào)專注地看/注視移動(dòng)著的物體，如看電視，看球賽等；D選項(xiàng)tour“旅行，旅游，作巡回演出”，常用來形容整個(gè)旅行，強(qiáng)調(diào)旅行的過程。句意：當(dāng)他在北京的時(shí)候，他把所有的時(shí)間都花在參觀一些重要的藝術(shù)博物館和建筑上。

16.單選題

（）bothsidesaccepttheagreement（）alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyif,will

B.Ifonly,would

C.Should,will

D.Unless,would

【答案】A

【解析】語法題——onlyif的用法。當(dāng)onlyif位于句首時(shí)，其主句的謂語動(dòng)詞要部分倒裝，根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，其謂語動(dòng)詞都提前了，而只有onlyif在句首，才部分倒裝。句意：只有雙方都接受這項(xiàng)協(xié)議，才能在這個(gè)地區(qū)建立持久的和平。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Ididn'tknowthework.Ihadto（）adictionary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.referto

B.makeout

C.lookout

D.goover

【答案】D

【解析】referto涉及；makeout理解；lookout照料,小心；goover復(fù)習(xí),仔細(xì)檢查。句意：我不知道這項(xiàng)工作,我得查字典。選項(xiàng)D正確。

18.單選題

The（）ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implementation

B.manifestation

C.demonstration

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)implementation“實(shí)現(xiàn)，履行”；B選項(xiàng)manifestation“表現(xiàn)，顯示”；C選項(xiàng)demonstration“示范，證明”；D選項(xiàng)expedition“遠(yuǎn)征”。句意：一種文化現(xiàn)象的_____通常是人們生活方式的某種物質(zhì)方面所產(chǎn)生的必然結(jié)果。表達(dá)的含義是“一種文化現(xiàn)象的表現(xiàn)”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowwellhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttorulersbyancientwriters,whorelatedhowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregiventoChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.Theparableofthissemi-animal,semi-humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnatures,andthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps;andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andwhenthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist,ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbegood;butastheyarebad;andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegitimategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfillmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthemselvestobedeceived.

1.Theauthorofthepassagedoesnotbelievethat（

）.

2.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare

（

）.

3.Thefox,inthispassage,is

（

）.

4.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust

（

）.

5.Thewriterwouldapproveanunsuccessfulpoliticalcandidate（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplecanprotectthemselves

B.thetruthmakesmenfree

C.leadershavetobeconsistent

D.princesatehuman

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toiltrusting

B.strongandcareful

C.reliantonforce

D.lackinginintelligence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.admiredforhistrickery

B.nomatchforthelion

C.pitiedforhistrick

D.consideredworthless

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.beprudentandfaithful

B.cheatandlie

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D.tellthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.gaveupallhisopportunities

B.promisedtotryagainnexttime

C.overthrewthegovernmentbyforce

D.toldthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者不認(rèn)為……”。文章提到有兩種方式來戰(zhàn)斗，一是法律，即文斗，一是暴力，即武斗。并且用狐貍來比喻文斗，獅子比喻武斗，而一個(gè)成功的王子必須在這兩種方法中自由切換，但是并沒有提及到“吃人”，因此選項(xiàng)D“王子吃人”的說法是錯(cuò)誤的，符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“獅子代表的是哪類人”。文章提到“王子應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)像野獸一樣管理國家，要模仿狐貍和獅子，因?yàn)楠{子無法避免陷阱，而狐貍無法從狼群中脫身”（Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps;andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves），獅子代表的是力量，即武斗，因此選項(xiàng)C“依賴武力”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“文章中狐貍是……”。文章提到管理者必須要學(xué)會(huì)文斗與武斗，狐貍代表的是文斗，可知作者對狐貍是贊賞的，因此選項(xiàng)A“因它的計(jì)謀而受到贊賞”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者暗示一個(gè)成功的統(tǒng)治者應(yīng)該……”。文章提到“當(dāng)守誠信會(huì)讓自己的利益受損時(shí)，精明的統(tǒng)治者可以不講誠信”（Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest），因此選項(xiàng)B“欺騙與撒謊”符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。題目問的是“作者會(huì)贊成一個(gè)失敗的政治候選人……”。文章提到“當(dāng)文斗行不通的時(shí)