譯林版英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)上冊(cè)u(píng)nit8定語(yǔ)從句講解和練習(xí)

中考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞和代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whose,whom,which,that。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)。一、who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,who在從句中做主語(yǔ)（口語(yǔ)中也可做賓語(yǔ)），修飾表示人的先行詞。Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.Theboywho//whomwesawyesterdayisJohn'sbrother.二、whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，修飾表示人的先行詞，口語(yǔ)中可以省略。Thedoctor（whom）youarelookingforisintheroom.Theperson（whom）youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（介詞后whom不能省略）Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.（固定短語(yǔ)中的介詞一般不能拆開(kāi)，仍放在動(dòng)詞之后。lookfor/lookafter/takecareof/puton/takeoff...）三、whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,whose在從句中作定語(yǔ),修飾表示人或物的先行詞。DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.Passmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.四、that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)、修飾表示人或物的先行詞。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，不能放在介詞后面作賓語(yǔ).（that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which）Theletter（that//which）Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.Ican'tfindtheletterthat//whichcamethismorning.Doyoustillrememberthedays（that//which）wespenttogether?（這個(gè)先行詞在句中作spend的賓語(yǔ),不能用when）Thisisthemanthat//whohelpedme.Thehouse（that//which）weliveinisnotlarge.=Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.=Thehousewhereweliveisnotlarge.Thedoctor（that//whom//who）youarelookingforisintheroom.五、which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，which在從句中做主語(yǔ)，也可做賓語(yǔ)，或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，修飾表示物的先行詞。Thisisthebook（which/that）youwant.Thebuildingwhich〃thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.（先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)）Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.（介詞后面的which不能省略）=Theroomwherethereisamachineisaworkshop.（先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）Thehouse（which/that）weliveinisnotlarge.（先行詞在從句中作inlive賓語(yǔ)）=Thehousewhereweliveisnotlarge.（先行詞在從句中作live的狀語(yǔ)）Thisisthewatch（which/that）hewaslookingfor.六、只能用that的情況小結(jié)：1.在there+be的句型中，句子的主語(yǔ)是先行詞，而且又是物。TherearetwonovelsthatIwanttoread.我要讀的有兩本小說(shuō)。Thereisnoworkthatcanbedonenow.沒(méi)有什么工作現(xiàn)在能做的了。2.當(dāng)先行詞為主句的表語(yǔ)Thisisthebookthatwasboughtyesterday.這就是昨天買的書(shū)。Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我們的學(xué)校不再是以前的學(xué)校.3.以Hereis（are）開(kāi)頭的句子時(shí)。Hereisafilmthatwillmoveanyone,這是一部將使任何人受感動(dòng)的電影。HerearetwobooksthatIwillbuy.這是我要買的兩本書(shū)。4.當(dāng)先行詞是way等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that或者inwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中，可省略。Thisisthewaythatmyfatherdidthiswork.這就是我父親做此工作的方式。SheadmiredthewayinwhichIansweredthequestions,她羨慕我回答問(wèn)題的方式。A5.當(dāng)先行詞被thelast,thevery和theonly修飾時(shí)。ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.這正是我找的鋼筆。TheonlybookIwanttoreadismissing.我唯一想看的書(shū)不見(jiàn)了。Thelaststudentthatcameinishertwinbrother.6.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。YouarethefirstpersonthatIwanttoaskfor?你是我要見(jiàn)的第一個(gè)人。ThisisthesecondbookthatIhaveeverwritten.這是我寫(xiě)的第二本書(shū)。7.當(dāng)先彳亍詞為anything、everything>nothing、anybody>nobody、all,或被all、every,no,some,few,little,much,both等修飾時(shí)，但用something時(shí)，用which或者that均可EverythingwehaveseeninChinaismoving.我們?cè)谥袊?guó)看見(jiàn)的東西件件感人。Ihavenothingthatisworthreading.EverythingwehaveseeninChinaismoving.我們?cè)谥袊?guó)看見(jiàn)的東西件件感人。ThisisallthatIwanttosayatthemeeting.這就是我在會(huì)上要說(shuō)的。Haveyouanybooksthatareworthreading?你有值的看的書(shū)嗎？8.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。TheprofessorandhisachievementthatIheardaboutareadmiredbythem.Let'stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.七、由when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞，when為關(guān)系副詞，做定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.（介詞+which可以代替when）I'llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.Irememberthedayswhich//thatwespenttogether.^spent的賓語(yǔ)。思考：兩個(gè)句中的關(guān)系詞能否互換？為什么？八、由where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，where為關(guān)系副詞，做定語(yǔ)從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Thisistheplacewherewelivedforfiveyears.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.（介詞+which可以代替where）Thisisaplacewhich/thatIwantedtovisit.ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.思考：四個(gè)句中的關(guān)系詞能否互換？為什么？九、Why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，why做原因狀語(yǔ)。Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.（for+which可以代替why）Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatewasthathewasill.△十、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與先行詞保持一致。ThestudentwhoisgoodatEnglishstudieshard.ThestudentswhoaregoodatEnglishstudyhard.十一、定語(yǔ)從句可分為兩大類，即限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果去掉的話，主句的意思就不完整，意義就表述不明。這種句型一般定語(yǔ)從句緊接先行詞（不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。它與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明的作用,也就是說(shuō)即便去掉定語(yǔ)從句，句意也不受影響。主從句之間常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，且：△非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。ThiswastheAmericanCivilWar,whichlasted4yearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.練習(xí)：一、把兩句合并成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Thewomanisherenow.Thebuswasthewrongone.Thewomanisherenow.Thebuswasthewrongone.Thewallethasbeenfound..Therecorderhasbeenstolen.Youweretalkingabouther.XiaoLiwasrunningafterit.Mr.Hopkinswaslookingforit.Wangspentallthemoneyonit.5.Westayedinahotel.Jasonstayedinthehotellastyear.lovesunnydays.Onsunnydaysyoudon'tneedtowearacoat.lentmybiketoafriend.Thefriendiscomingtomyhousetoday.Mycousingoestoaschool.TheschoolisthebestinGuangzhou.Mybrotherplaysinthefootballteam.Theteamwonthematch.二、用下劃線劃出定語(yǔ)從句。Doyourememberthedatewhenthefirstmanlandedonthemoon?ShuttleworthwenttotheplacewhereTitolived.TheairportatwhichArmstronglearnedtoflywasnearhishome.ThemantowhomShutteworthspokeinspacewasTito.三、在橫線上填入關(guān)系詞。Fillinthegapswithwhen,where,orpreposition+which/whom.TheplaceNeilArmstronglivedasaboyisOhio,USA.MybirthdayIgotlotsofpresentswasonFriday!Theladyyouwroteyourletterismymum.Thechairthefatmanwassittingbroke.Thebedyousleptlastnightis100yearsold.TomorrowisthedayIgetmyexamresults.Thisyearwe5regoingonholidaytotheplacemyparentsfirstmet.DrSmithIhavelearnedalotisaveryniceman.ChristmasDayisadaythefamilygetstogether.Thechildrenheistalkingarehisstudents.FridayIhavemypianolesson,isthebusiestdayofmyweek.YouaretheonlypersonIcantalkaboutmyproblem.Thebuildingweusedtoworkwillbetorndownnextyear.ThemanIsentthepackagelivesonBeijingRoad.England,Johncomes,isinEurope.Theteacher,Tomfeltsorry,ishisclassteacher.TheanswerIwassurehasbeenprovedright.四、用關(guān)系代詞（that、which、who>whom、whose）或關(guān)系副詞（when、where>why）填空。Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.Themanyouwenttoseehascome.ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney..Thewomanyousawisourgeographyteacher.Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.Thesebooksyoulentmewereveryuseful.Aclockisamachinetellspeoplethetime.ThisistheshirtIboughtyesterday.Thebookisonthetableismine.Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.IwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.IsthereanyonefamilyisinBeijing?Showmetheboymotherisawell-knownsinger.TheboyfatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.Idon'tknowthereasonhewaslatefortheclass.Abirthdayisthedateonewasborn.DoyouknowthereasonnoonequestionedAristotle'stheoryforabout2,000years?Doyoustillrememberthedayswespenttogetherlastterm?ShanghaiisthecityIwasbom.ThehouseIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametotheschool.Thetimewegottogetherfinallycame.Pleasetellmethereasonyoumissedtheplane.?Idon'tknowthereasonhelooksunhappytoday.EverythingIknowwillbetaughttothestudents.ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.Themanagerwalkedtowardthegatetheworkersarewaiting.Youcan'tgointothisroomtheyarehavingameeting.Istillrememberthedayswestudiedtogether.ThepicturehasahouseandflowersistheoneIlikebest.Herparentswouldn'tlethermarryanyonefamilywaspoor.Tom,parentsarepoorworkers,alwaysgoeshungry.TheboysareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Thosewanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.Footballisagameislikedbymostboys..1visitedascientistnameisknownalloverthecountry.Helikestoreadbooksarewrittenbyforeignwriters.Theseasoncomesafterspringissummer.*41?Hesucceededinthecompetition,madehisparentsveryhappy.Thereasonhewaspunishedisunknowntous.Theschoolheoncestudiedisveryfamous..1stillrememberthedayIfirstcametothisschool.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.Thereisnothingintheworldcanfrightenhim.*47?Shewearsagoldring,isveryuncommoninourclass.Wevisitedafactorymakestoysforchildren.Isthistheplaceyourfatheroncelived?TilneverforgetthedaysIjoinedtheLeague..1stillrememberthenightIfirstcametothehouse.Filneverforgetthedaywemeteachotherlastweek.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,isthebestseasonthere.1willneverforgetthedaysIspentwithyourfamily.Tilneverforgetthelastdaywespenttogether.ThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedlastweek?Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedthepaintingexhibition?HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,isfamousfortheWestLake?Itisthethirdtimeyouhavemadethesamemistake.YouaretheonlypersonIcantalkaboutmyproblem.Thebuildingweusedtoworkwillbetorndownnextyear.TomorrowisthedayIgetmyexamresults.Thisyearwe'regoingonholidaytotheplacemyparentsfirstmet.DrSmithIhavelearnedalotisaveryniceman.ChristmasDayisadaythefamilygetstogether.ThisistheplaceHarryPotterfirstarrivesatthemagicschool.TheschoolDengXiaopingstudiedasachildisnowamuseum.五.用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對(duì)句子連成一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.8.1enjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9.1preferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.spoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.六、單項(xiàng)選擇。()Thisisthebagmymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this()ThemanlivesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./()ThegirlyousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as()Isthisthefactoryalotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom()Isthisfactoryalotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD./()Theonlylanguageiseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it()Thegirlhandedeverythingshehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all()cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho()Pleaseshowmethebookyouboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this().ThisisthebestbookIhavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./().Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethatwrittenbyhim.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are()Themanwasherejustnowisadoctor..A.whomB.whoC./D.he()Theboyhastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor()Thosemadenomistakesintoday'sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who()Don'tgoin,thisistheshopwehavejustbeen.A./,toB.that,/C.where,toD.which,there().HeisthemostcarefulboyIknow.A.whatB.whichC.asD../().ThisistheschoolMr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there

().Haveyouvisitedthehousethefamousscientistwasborn?A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which(((((((A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which)Doyoustillrememberthedaywefirstmet?D.onthatA.thatB.whenC.what)Thetimewestudiedtogetherisnoteasilyforgotten.D.onthatA.thatB.whenC.whereD.inwhich)October1,1949isthedaywe'llneverforget.D.inwhichA.whenB.thatC.where()October1,1949wasthedaythePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.D.inwhichA.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich(Isthistheshopsellschildren'sclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what)Isthismuseumtheyvisitedlastmonth?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone)1.Doyouknowthegirlnecklacehasbeenstolen?A.herB.whichC.thatD.whose)2.WhenshecamebackfromLondon,shetoldusabouttheschoolsandteachersshehadvisited.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.where()3.WhoistheboyisspeakingthereA.whomB.whichC.thatD.who()4.DavidisoneoftheforeignteacherswhoinChina.A.isworkingB.worksC.hasworkedD.work()5.Thenotebookcoverisredismine.()A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that()6.ThisistheverybookIbadlyneed.A.towhichB.thatC.whichD.what()7.Therewasnothingintheworldhewasafraidof.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.whose()8.1foundlittlehedidn'tknowabouthistory.A.whatB.whoseC.thatD.which()9.Thisisthethirdcitytheforeignfriendshavepaidavisitto.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.inwhich()10.ThebestbooksIborrowedfromthelibraryareallhere.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whatever()11.ThelastplacetheforeignguestsvisitedinChinawasHangZhou.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that()12.ThemanIamgoingtomeetatthestationisProfessorSmith.A.withwhomB.whoeverC.whomD.whose()13.Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsofyouarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those()14.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone()15.Isthisthefactoryheworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone()16.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat()17.1don5tlikeyouspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich()18.——Doyouknowthetownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeIhere.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming()19.1,yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis()20.Ifsthethirdtimelatethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou'vearrivedD.whenyou'vearrived中考題：Johnistheboylegswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.whichThefirstthingmybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistowritealetter.A.whichB.thatC.whyD.whoThestory_Ireadthenewspaperwasaboutacommonproblemamongteenagers.A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whereTheteacherscameforavisitareforeigners.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whichTony,tellmetheresultofthediscussionyouhadwithyourdadyesterday.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.who—Haveyouseenawomanhatispink?—Sorry.Ididn'tnoticethat.A.thatB.whatC.whoseJaneisoneofthestudentsintheclasshaveeverbeentoChina.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whomThepeoplehelpedusbuildourhometownarefromBeijing.A.whichB.whomC.whoThestudentsinthehighergradesImetinafootballgamearemygoodfriendsnow.A.whenB.whichC.whoMarySmithsaysshelikestohavefriendsaredifferentfromher.A.whoseB.whichC.whoI'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.whichPeoplefromdifferentplacescometovisitZhaoqingisfamousforitsbeautifulmountainsandlakes.A.whatB.whichC.who---Whatareyoulookingfor?---I'mlookingfbrthebookyoulentmeyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whoseLiMeiisthestudenthandwritingisthebestinourclass.A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.thatOneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhouareoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.A.whatB.whoC.thatD./ThephotossuccessfullyshowtherichculturemakesBeijingsofamous.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whyPmgoingtostartaclubtohelpstudentsarenotinterestedinschoolwork.A.whoseB.whoC.whomPeterlikesmusicisveryloudandenergetic.A.t