原油的一次加工課件

Chapter2One-stepRefiningofCrudeOil

原油的一次加工

MatingxiaDeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem煉油系統(tǒng)的裝置與設(shè)備概況Chapter2One-stepRefiningoSectionICrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油脫鹽、脫水DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemSectionICrudeOilDesaltingCrudeoilwhichisminedfromtheoilfieldcontainswater,inorganicsalts,organicacidsalt,metal-organiccompounds,siltparticleandotherimpurities,whichinthesubsequentprocessingoperationscanleadtotheincreaseofenergyconsumption,equipmentcorrosion,anddecreaseofproductquality,increaseofmetalcontent,catalystcontaminationorpoisoning.

從油田開采出來的原油都含有水、無機(jī)鹽、有機(jī)酸鹽、金屬有機(jī)化合物、泥砂及其它雜質(zhì)。可導(dǎo)致后續(xù)加工中的能耗增加、操作波動、設(shè)備腐蝕、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量下降、金屬含量增加、催化劑污染或中毒等.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemCrudeoilwhichisminedf。Ingeneral,theinorganicsubstanceincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,suchasacid,alkali,saltandotherminerals,mostlycanberemovedbywashingmethods.Someofthewater-insolubleimpuritiescanbeadsorbedonthesurfaceofsolidparticlesorgatheredatthetopofthewaterdropletsurface.Itcanprecipitatewithsolidsordropletsandseparatefromoil.Smallmolecularwater-solubleorganicacidsoap(suchassodiumnaphthenate)canalsobedischargedwiththewater.Butthereisstillsomewaterexistingincrudeoilasemulsificationstateandcannotberemoved.Thereissaltincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,sodesalinationanddehydrationarecarriedoutatthesametime.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem一般來說，原油中溶于水的酸、堿、鹽等無機(jī)物，大部分可用水洗的方法可以除去。某些不溶于水的雜質(zhì)可吸附在固體顆粒表面上或聚集在水滴表面，隨固體物或水滴一同沉淀，與油分離。小分子水溶性有機(jī)酸皂類(如環(huán)烷酸鈉)也可隨水排出。但仍有部分水以乳化狀態(tài)存在于原油中而不能脫除。原油中還有鹽溶于水中，故脫鹽脫水是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的.。Ingeneral,theinorganic為了脫除懸浮在原油中的鹽，在原油中需注入一定量的新鮮水(注入量一般為5%)，充分混合，然后在破乳劑和高壓電場的作用下，使微小水滴受電場極化作用聚集成較大水滴，借油水密度差作用從油中沉降分離，達(dá)到脫鹽脫水的目的，這通常稱為電化學(xué)脫鹽脫水過程。Inordertoremovesaltsuspendedinthecrudeoil,acertainamountoffreshwaterisrequiredtoinjectincrudeoil(injectionrateisgenerally5%)andmixthemthoroughly,thenundertheactionoftheemulsionsplitterandthehighvoltageelectricfield,thetinywaterdropletsgatherintolargerdropletsundertheinfluenceoftheelectricfieldpolarization;thenbeprecipitatedandseparatedfromoilbytheroleofoil-waterdensitydifference,toachievethepurposeofdesalinationdehydration,whichisoftenreferredtoastheelectrochemicaldesalinationdehydrationprocess.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemInordertoremovesaltsuspen+-+-Electrode電極-electrode電極++-+-+-+-+-+-Thediagramofthedirect-currentelectricfieldeffectonwater-drop直流電場對水滴的作用示意圖+-+-Electrodeelectrode電極++-+-+原油電脫鹽是石油加工的第一道工序。主要用于：（1）脫除原油中的堿金屬（Alkalimetals）和重金屬（Heavymetals）；（2）防腐（Antisepsis）；（3）脫除原油中的水、無機(jī)鹽（Inorganicsalt）和有機(jī)酸鹽（OrganicSoursalt）；（4）脫除泥（Mire）或其他雜質(zhì)。原油電脫鹽的主要功用ThemainfunctionofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油電脫鹽是石油加工的第一道工序。原油電脫鹽的主要功用The原油電脫鹽的工序包括：（1）脫鹽前水洗。用于除去原油中溶于水的酸（Sour）、堿（alkali

）、鹽(salt)等無機(jī)物。（2）沉淀(Precipitation)。某些不溶于水的雜質(zhì)，可以吸附在固體顆粒表面或聚集在水滴表面，隨固體物或水滴一起沉淀，與油分離。（3）破乳（BreakEmulsify）。通過向原油中加入破乳劑，使水和雜質(zhì)更有效的分離。TheprocedureofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油電脫鹽的工序原油電脫鹽的工序包括：TheprocedureofCrTechnologicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）工藝流程圖TechnologicalprocessFig.ofCTypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）典型工藝流程圖TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeO注破乳劑注水二級混合閥注水注破乳劑一級脫鹽沉降罐一級混合閥脫鹽前原油脫后原油脫鹽沉降罐電脫鹽罐三級脫鹽排水二級脫鹽排水過濾脫鹽罐TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）典型工藝流程圖注破乳劑注水二級混合閥注水注破乳劑一級脫鹽沉降罐一級混合閥脫臥式電脫鹽罐結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖StructureSchematicDiagramofHorizontalelectricaldesaltinger臥式電脫鹽罐結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖StructureSchematiThemainfactorsaffectingthedesalinizationanddehydrationofcrudeoil影響原油電脫鹽的主要因素

crudeoilprocessingcapacity

原油處理量

WashingWaterInjectionRate洗滌水注入量

WaterQuality水質(zhì)

MixingIntensityofCrudeOilandWateremulsionsplittertypeandinjectionquantity原油和水的混合強(qiáng)度TheTypeandInjectionQuantityofEmulsionSplitter破乳劑的類型及注入量

Oil-waterBoundaryinDesalinationTank脫鹽罐內(nèi)的油水界面

operatingtemperature操作溫度PressureofDesalinationTank脫鹽罐的壓力

ElectricalFieldStrength

andresidencetimeofcrudeoilintheelectricfield電場強(qiáng)度及原油在電場內(nèi)的停留時(shí)間ThemainfactorsaffectingtheThankYou!homework

Giveabriefintroductionofthestatusandroleofelectricdesaltingequipmentsofcrudeoilinthepetroleumprocessing.Giveabriefintroductionofthebasicprinciplesofdesalinizationanddehydrationofcrudeoil.Whatharmwillexcessivesaltandwatercontentincrudeoilcausetothefollow-upprocessing?ThankYou!homeworkGiveabriChapter2One-stepRefiningofCrudeOil

原油的一次加工

MatingxiaDeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem煉油系統(tǒng)的裝置與設(shè)備概況Chapter2One-stepRefiningoSectionICrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油脫鹽、脫水DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemSectionICrudeOilDesaltingCrudeoilwhichisminedfromtheoilfieldcontainswater,inorganicsalts,organicacidsalt,metal-organiccompounds,siltparticleandotherimpurities,whichinthesubsequentprocessingoperationscanleadtotheincreaseofenergyconsumption,equipmentcorrosion,anddecreaseofproductquality,increaseofmetalcontent,catalystcontaminationorpoisoning.

從油田開采出來的原油都含有水、無機(jī)鹽、有機(jī)酸鹽、金屬有機(jī)化合物、泥砂及其它雜質(zhì)?？蓪?dǎo)致后續(xù)加工中的能耗增加、操作波動、設(shè)備腐蝕、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量下降、金屬含量增加、催化劑污染或中毒等.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemCrudeoilwhichisminedf。Ingeneral,theinorganicsubstanceincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,suchasacid,alkali,saltandotherminerals,mostlycanberemovedbywashingmethods.Someofthewater-insolubleimpuritiescanbeadsorbedonthesurfaceofsolidparticlesorgatheredatthetopofthewaterdropletsurface.Itcanprecipitatewithsolidsordropletsandseparatefromoil.Smallmolecularwater-solubleorganicacidsoap(suchassodiumnaphthenate)canalsobedischargedwiththewater.Butthereisstillsomewaterexistingincrudeoilasemulsificationstateandcannotberemoved.Thereissaltincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,sodesalinationanddehydrationarecarriedoutatthesametime.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem一般來說，原油中溶于水的酸、堿、鹽等無機(jī)物，大部分可用水洗的方法可以除去。某些不溶于水的雜質(zhì)可吸附在固體顆粒表面上或聚集在水滴表面，隨固體物或水滴一同沉淀，與油分離。小分子水溶性有機(jī)酸皂類(如環(huán)烷酸鈉)也可隨水排出。但仍有部分水以乳化狀態(tài)存在于原油中而不能脫除。原油中還有鹽溶于水中，故脫鹽脫水是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的.。Ingeneral,theinorganic為了脫除懸浮在原油中的鹽，在原油中需注入一定量的新鮮水(注入量一般為5%)，充分混合，然后在破乳劑和高壓電場的作用下，使微小水滴受電場極化作用聚集成較大水滴，借油水密度差作用從油中沉降分離，達(dá)到脫鹽脫水的目的，這通常稱為電化學(xué)脫鹽脫水過程。Inordertoremovesaltsuspendedinthecrudeoil,acertainamountoffreshwaterisrequiredtoinjectincrudeoil(injectionrateisgenerally5%)andmixthemthoroughly,thenundertheactionoftheemulsionsplitterandthehighvoltageelectricfield,thetinywaterdropletsgatherintolargerdropletsundertheinfluenceoftheelectricfieldpolarization;thenbeprecipitatedandseparatedfromoilbytheroleofoil-waterdensitydifference,toachievethepurposeofdesalinationdehydration,whichisoftenreferredtoastheelectrochemicaldesalinationdehydrationprocess.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemInordertoremovesaltsuspen+-+-Electrode電極-electrode電極++-+-+-+-+-+-Thediagramofthedirect-currentelectricfieldeffectonwater-drop直流電場對水滴的作用示意圖+-+-Electrodeelectrode電極++-+-+原油電脫鹽是石油加工的第一道工序。主要用于：（1）脫除原油中的堿金屬（Alkalimetals）和重金屬（Heavymetals）；（2）防腐（Antisepsis）；（3）脫除原油中的水、無機(jī)鹽（Inorganicsalt）和有機(jī)酸鹽（OrganicSoursalt）；（4）脫除泥（Mire）或其他雜質(zhì)。原油電脫鹽的主要功用ThemainfunctionofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油電脫鹽是石油加工的第一道工序。原油電脫鹽的主要功用The原油電脫鹽的工序包括：（1）脫鹽前水洗。用于除去原油中溶于水的酸（Sour）、堿（alkali

）、鹽(salt)等無機(jī)物。（2）沉淀(Precipitation)。某些不溶于水的雜質(zhì)，可以吸附在固體顆粒表面或聚集在水滴表面，隨固體物或水滴一起沉淀，與油分離。（3）破乳（BreakEmulsify）。通過向原油中加入破乳劑，使水和雜質(zhì)更有效的分離。TheprocedureofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油電脫鹽的工序原油電脫鹽的工序包括：TheprocedureofCrTechnologicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）工藝流程圖TechnologicalprocessFig.ofCTypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）典型工藝流程圖TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeO注破乳劑注水二級混合閥注水注破乳劑一級脫鹽沉降罐一級混合閥脫鹽前原油脫后原油脫鹽沉降罐電脫鹽罐三級脫鹽排水二級脫鹽排水過濾脫鹽罐TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）典型工藝流程圖注破乳劑注水二級混合閥注水注破乳劑一級脫鹽沉降罐一級混合閥脫臥式電脫鹽罐結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖StructureSchematicDiagramofHorizontalelectricaldesaltinger臥式電脫鹽罐結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖StructureSchematiThe