南京大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作總結(jié)英語(yǔ)

5/5南京大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作總結(jié)英語(yǔ)Lesson1

1.Importanceofwriting

1)helputoreachpeopleindifferenttimeandspace;

2)expressyourselfmoreclearlyandmoreaccurately;

3)organizeyourthoughtsinclearandlogicalway;

4)makeadistinctionbetweenfactsandopinions;

5)reflectsonyourthoughtsandfeelings;

6)enableutoseeboththeoverallpictureandminutedetailsofcomplexissues;

7)turnyourinitialimpressionsorgutfeelingsintocomplexresearchdesign;

8)seekworthwhilequestions;

9)establishtherelationshipbetweenwritersandreaders

10)refineandenrichyourideasbasedonfeedbackfromreaders

11)essentialjobskill

2.academicwriting

(1)Features:

1)writtenforspecificaudiences;

2)presentanargument;

3)cohesionandcoherence;

4)formalandnospellingandpunctuationerrors;

3.whatmakescriticalreading?

1)Judgingtheappropriatenessofthereadingmaterials;

2)Findingmaterialsmostrelevanttotheresearchtopic;

3)Avoidingthematerialsthatcontainweakarguments;

4)Distinguishingbetweenandopinions.

4.Requirementsofacriticalwriter

1)understandingtherequirementofwritingtask;

2)provingorarguingforapoint;(introduction,body,conclusion)

3)providingasetofcontributingarguments;

4)consideringalternativeoropposingviews;

5)beingacriticalreaderofherorhisownwriting;

6)conclusiondrawnnaturallyandlogicallyfromargument;

7)contributingsomethingnew;

PS:thingstoavoid:1)beingtodescriptiveandrelytoomuchonsummariesandexplanations;2)beingbiasedandblindedbypersonalmisconceptions;3)stickingtoonepositionblindly.

5.Writingprocess

1）Prewritingandoutlining;(helptoorganizeideaandgenerateidea)

Free-writing;Questioning(whywhenwherewhoandhow);makethelist;

Diagramming;preparingascratchoutline

2）Writingafirstdraft;

Contentfirst;thinkabouttheessayasawhole;consistency(inword,sentencetype,tone)

3）Revision(changecontentandstructure)

Whetherthepaperisunified(sticktoonething);ismypapersupported?Ismypaper

organized?

4）Editing

Sentencebeparallel;consistentpointofview;specificwords;activeverbs;…

Lesson2

1.Basicstructureofanessay(havenosingleruleorpatternapplytoallessay)

1)introduction;

providingthebackground,raisingaquestionorproblem;indicatingtheimportanceofanissue;endingwithathesisstatement.

2)mainbody;

topicsentence;

supportingsentence:keyconcepts;examples;explanations;significance;

concludingsentence

3)conclusion

repeating,restating;summarizing;answerthequestion;pointouttheimportance;

givingconsequences;makingpredictions.

2.Topicselection

Generalprinciple:

1)Interesttouandyourreader;

2)Meaningful,havingacademicandpracticalappeal;

3)Manageable,giveyourtime,energyandexpertise.

Steps:

1)Brainstormtogetresearchtopicideas;

2)Readgeneralbackgroundinformation;

3)Focusinonyourtopic(narrowdownthetopic);

4)Makealistofusefulkeywords;

5)Defineyourtopicasafocusedresearchquestion;

6)Formulateathesisstatement

Additionstips:

1)Askwhywherewhenwhohow;

2)Avoidtopicsaretoo:locallyconfined;recent;broadlyinterdisciplinary(跨學(xué)科)；

popular

3.Typesofwriting(Expositorywriting\Descriptivewriting\Persuasivewriting\Narrative

writing)

1)Expositorywriting;

Explainsorinforms.Ittalksaboutasubjectwithoutgivingopinions.

Features:

(a)subject-oriented;

(b)factsandfiguresneeded;

(c)noopinions.

Keypoints:

(a)explainsomethinginaprocess;

(b)equippedwithfactsandfigures;

(c)inalogicalorderorsequence;

whenuseexpositorywriting:textbookwriting;how-toarticles;recipes;Newsstories;

business\technique\orscientificwriting.

2)Persuasivewriting;

Trytobringothersaroundtoyourpointofview.(toconvince,haveopinions)

Features:containsjustificationsandreasonsorarguments.

Whenuse:opinionandeditorialnewspaperpieces;advertisement;reviews;letterof

Lesson3

1.Taskofanintroduction:

1)grabattention;

2)narrowfocus;

3)presentthesis(mainidea);

2.sixelementsincludedinconclusion:

1)originalquestionorhypothesis;

2)reviewofmajorfindings;

3)explanationsforfindings;

4)limitations;

5)implications;

6)furtherresearchapplications.

3.Peerreview:evaluationofscientific,academicorprofessionalworkbyotherworkingin

thesamefiled.

4.Reasonforpeerreview

1)Haveabroaderaudienceforwriting;

2)Developtheabilitytogivethefeedback;

3)Seedifferentapproachesandperspectives;

4)Developamoreunifiedandcoherentessay

5.Waysofmakinganeffectivepeerreview

1)Mirroring:writingdownwhatuthinkthewriterintendedtocommunicate

2)Beingspecificinpraiseandcritique(specificsuggestion)

3)Beingsensitiveandcarefulwithlanguage

4)Nobeingafraidofbeingsubjective

5)Balancingthepraiseandcritique

Lesson4

1.Howtoincorporateevidenceintoacademicwriting

1)summarize;

2)paraphrasing;

3)directquote.

2.Typesofsource

1)referencesources(dictionaries[givegeneralbackgroundinformation]);

2)book;

3)populararticle;

4)scholarlyarticle;

5)website.

3.Findingthesources

1)startfromasearchengine;

2)consultlibrarians,digitalspecialistorurprofessors.

3)Useacademicjournalsorscholarlyarticles;

4)Book

5)Useonlinescholarlydatabases

6)Don’tforgetthelibrary;

4.Evaluatethesources

1)Authority

2)Applicability;

3)Timeliness

Lesson5

1.Introduction

1)ahook;2)background;3)thesisstatement

2.Body

1)Topicsentenceandmainpointsupportit;

2)supportingevidenceandexplanationofpoints(facts,details)

3.Conclusion

4.Argument——Counterargument(musthavesupportingevidence,quotehavetoclaim

itssources)

5.Planning