高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀之說明文提升模擬訓(xùn)練

PAGEPAGE152022高考英語閱讀之說明文提升模擬訓(xùn)練(A)Cosplayers（角色扮演者）caninvestconsiderabletime,moneyandeffortintomakingbesthead-to-toepresentationsthatareone-of-a-kind.Butwhatinspirescosplayerstopresentthemselveswithsomanydetailedartisticdesigns?Psychologiststrytorevealthefactsthroughresearch.Whenacosplayerselectsaparticularcostume,he/sheisoftengettinginsideaspecificcharacter--orcombinationofcharacters--becausesomethingaboutthatrolespeakstothempersonally,accordingtoRobinS.Rosenberg,aclinicalpsychologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Batman,forexample,canbeanespeciallymeaningfulcosplaychoiceforsomeonecopingwithtrauma（創(chuàng)傷）.Thedarksuperherofaceddestructivetraumawhenhewasachild--witnessingthecruelandviolentmurderofhisparents--whichheovercametobecomeahero.“WhenpeoplearedressedasBatman,manytalkabouthavingexperiencedtheirowntraumaticexperiences,”Rosenbergsaid.“Hesurvivedandfoundmeaningandpurposefromhisexperience,andthatisinspiringtothem.”RosenbergnotedthatWonderWomanisanotherpopularchoicewhichcallsupmanywomen’sfeelings,partlybecausesheholdsherowninthemale-dominatedworldofcostumedcomicssuperheroes.Forthosecosplayers,dressingasWonderWomanisawayofcelebratingandembracingherpower,Rosenbergsaid.Cosplayisatypeofperformance,whichfrequentlymovesstrangerstoapproachthecharacterforconversationandphotos.SoitsurprisedRosenbergtodiscoverthatmanycosplayerswereidentifiedasintroverts.“Whentheyworeacostume,theybecamemuchmoresociallyoutgoing,”Rosenbergsaid.Sheexplainedthat,sometimes,wearingacostumeallowsapersontoobtainconfidencetheydidn'tknowtheyhad,andhelpsthemovercomeshynessinreallife.“Whenyoudoanykindofcostuming--butparticularlycosplay--ontheonehand,itgivesyoupermissiontostepoutsideyourself,”Rosenbergsaid.“Butontheotherhand,itcanbringoutsomethinginyouthatdoesn’tusuallycomeout.”WhatdoesRosenbergtrytoconveyinParagraph2?Cosplayershaveaspeciallikingforcostumes.Cosplayersplaydifferentroleswithinoneday.Cosplayershavenothingtodobuttalktothemselves.Cosplayersexpressthemselvesthroughcostumes.BatmanandWonderWomanarecitedtorevealcosplayers’___________.A.childhoodabuse B.needtorepairpersonaldifficultiesC.genderinequality D.eagernesstodefeatotherpeople3.WhydidRosenbergfeelsurprised?Cosplayerschangedtheirpersonalityonceincostumes.Cosplayerscouldn’twaittosocializewhencostumed.Manycosplayersattractedstrangerstotalkwiththem.Somanycosplayerswereconsideredaspessimisticpeople.4.Whatmayserveasthemostsuitabletitleofthetext?A.Devotiontocosplay B.PeopleincostumesC.BatmanorWonderWoman D.Psychologybehindcosplay(B)Pricingismorethananumber;it’saseriesofintegrated(綜合的)strategies.Formostbusinesses,managersputagreatdealofeffortintomakingandmarketingtheirproducts,butwheremanyfallshortisintransformingthevaluetheycreateintoprofits.Alltoooftencriticalpricingdecisionsproveill-considered.Manycompaniesbasepricingprimarilyontheircosts,leavingmoneyonthetableintheformofhiddenprofits.Inrealitytheycouldmakemoreiftheyfocusedinsteadonthevaluetheydelivertocustomers.Baseballfansarewillingtopayover$100foraticketstub(票根)forthebaseballgameinwhichCalRipkinbrokeLouGehrig’srecordofplaying2,160gamesinsuccession.Forthem,theseticketshaveacollector’svaluewhichfarexceedstheadmissioncostchargedthatdaytoentertheballpark.Aproduct’scostsimplyrepresentsthefloororminimumpricethatshouldbecharged.Everythingchargedabovethatfloorisobtainedfromtheperceivedvalueinthemindofthepurchaser.Thinkabouthowdiversepeopleare.Itwouldbesurprisingtofindtwopeoplewhovaluethesameproductidentically.Valueishighlysubjectiveandintenselypersonal.Thus,aclearlyinter-linking,data-backedvalueanalysisisthekeytodevelopingaworthwhilepricingstructure.Adjustingyourpricewithvalueandadoptingamulti-pricemindsetarethefundamentalsofpricingforprofitsandgrowth.Thetraditionalsearchfortheperfectpricehastobereplacedwithamulti-pricemindset.Onepricesimplyisnotthebest.Whatisrequiredisaseriesofstrategiestobenefitfromeachcustomer’suniquevaluationofaproduct.Forexample,managersinCarribeanattractionsknowvacationersfromsnow-coveredBostonwillvaluetheirhotelroomsmorehighlyinJanuarythanthosefromsunnyFlorida.Therefore,theyadvertisetheirroomsfor$350adayinBostonnewspapersifyouringupandusethepromotionalcode“Boston”.Butifyouweretousethecode“Florida”instead,youmightgetthesameroomsfor$250aday–thepricequotedinFloridaadvertisements.1.Whatneedsimprovingformostbusinessesaccordingtotheauthor?A.Makingproducts. B.Expandingmarket.C.Diggingpricing. D.Decreasingcosts.2.Whatcanweknowabouthiddenprofits?A.Theyrootinpersonalpreferences. B.Theyvarywiththemarket.C.Theyareoftenover-explored. D.Theyarecloselycost-related.3.Whatcanweinferformthelastparagraph?A.Themorepricesoffered,themoreprofitstobemade.B.Businessesshouldoutweighpricingoveranythingelse.C.Customersprefertobuythesameproductsatdifferentprices.D.Properpricingoffersashortcuttogeneratingbignewprofits.4.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Touncoverchallengesinbusiness. B.Toblamecasualpricingdecisions.C.Todecodetheartofpricing. D.Topromotemulti-pricemindset.(C)ThewarmcoastofCaliforniaisaplacewheremanywesternmonarchbutterfliesstayduringthecoldwintermonthsintheUnitedStates.Researchersfeartherecordlownumberofmonarchsthisyearcouldmeantheinsectsareindangerofdisappearinginthenearfuture.ResearchersfromtheXercesSocietysaidtheyfoundfewerthan2,000orange—and—blackbutterfliesintheyearlycountthisJanuary.Thatnumbershowedabigdropfromthetensofthousandsinrecentyears.Inthe1980s,thereweremillionsofthemintreesfromNorthernCalifornia’sMarinCountytoSanDiegoCountyneartheMexicoborder.Lastwinter,itrecordedaround29,000butterfliesinitsyearlysurvey.Thatwassimilartothewinterbefore,whenanall-timelowof27,000monarchswascounted.Everywinter,westernmonarchbutterfliesflysouthfromthenorthwesternU.S.toCalifornia.AtthestartofNovember,theyarriveinCalifornia,oftengoingtothesameplacesandeventhesametrees.OncewarmerweatherarrivesinMarch,themonarchsbegintheirjourneybacknorth,stoppingsomewherealongtheroutetolayeggs.Afteregg-laying,theadultbutterfliesdieandthenorthwardmigration（遷徙）iscontinuedbytheirnewgenerations.Thusthemonarchbutterfliesdisperseacrossthecountry.Scientistssaythereareseveralcausesfortheextremelylownumbersofbutterfliesinthewesternstates.Homebuildingandchemicalusehavedestroyedmilkweedplantsalongtheirmigratorypath.Theplantsareneededformonarchbutterfliestogrowanddevelop,whichistheonlyfoodmonarchswilleatandtheonlyplacetheywilllaytheireggson.Climatechangeinfluencesthegrowthofwildplants.Andhugewildfiresinthewestmayalsohaveinfluencedtheirmigration.Luckily,somepubliccampaignshaveencouragedpeopletoplantmilkweedintheiryardsandcities.Peoplecanalsohelpscientistscollectdata,whichiscriticalfordevelopingconservationpoliciestoprotectmonarchs.Thentherearemanylarger—scaleeffortstoprotecthabitatsandbettermanagelandforreproduction.1.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?A.Bymakingclassifications. B.Bycitingstatistics.C.Byexplainingdefinitions. D.Byanalysingcauseandeffect.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disperse"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Spread. B.Gather. C.Disappear. D.Hide.3.Whichwordbestdescribesmonarchbutterflies'relationshipwithmilkweed?A.Inseparable. B.Independent. C.Unstable. D.Unfriendly.4.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Monarchbutterflies'lifehabits.B.Monarchbutterflies'livinghabitats.C.Effortstopreservemonarchbutterflies.D.Threatstomonarchbutterflies'survival.(D)Buyingclothesforaspecialevent,hidingthepriceticketsandreturningthemtothestorethenextdayhasforyearsbeenthemethodofeconomicalshoppers.Todaypeoplearedoingitjustforsocialmedia.AsurveyconductedbythecreditcardcompanyBarclaycardrevealedthatnearlyoneintenUKshoppersadmitstobuyingclothingonlytopostphotosonsocialmediaforlikes.Afterthe“outfit(裝束)oftheday”makesitonline,theyreturnittothestore.AccordingtoBarclaycard,the“trybeforeyoubuy”policyofonlineretailers(零售商)wherepeoplepayforclothingtheyorderonlineaftertheytryitonathomecouldbecontributingtothisrisingtrend.Buttheriseofsocialmediahasmeantthateveryone,notjustsuperstars,expectstobuildandmaintainapersonalbrand.Sincewe’redocumentingourlivesandpostingthemonlineforpublicjudgment,gettingcaughtinthesameoutfitsmorethanonceshouldbeavoided.Andthecostofallthoseoutfitsofthedayaddsup,whichmakesreturningapopularway.Therearebrandsthattailorclothesspecificallyforsocialmediashoppers,likeFashionNova.“Theseareclothesmadeforsocialmedia:meanttobewornonce,photographedandabandoned,”AllisonP.Daviswroteinherreportaboutthebrand.AnotherfavoriteofthesocialmediaageisRenttheRunway,whichletscustomersrentdesignerclothingforafee.Some,however,aremovingintheoppositedirection.Groupspromoting“workuniforms”haveincreasedgreatlyinrecentyears,aimingtofreewomenfrom“theannoyanceofclothingdecisions”.Theconceptofthe“capsulewardrobe”(膠囊衣柜),whichcallsforpurchasingasmallnumberofhigh-qualitypiecesinsteadoflotsoftrendythrowawayclothes,isalsomakingacomeback.1.WhatdoesthesurveybyBarclaycardindicate?A.SomeBritonssendoutfitsbackaftershoots.B.Britonstryonclothesbeforeonlinepurchases.C.Britonsfollowthefashionstarsclosely.D.SomeBritonsover-orderandreturnclothes.2.What’sFashionNova’sspecialservice?A.Rentingchargeabledesignerclothes.B.Offeringcustomerssingle-useclothes.C.Creatinguniqueshoppingexperiences.D.Helpingshoppersimprovetheirclothingstyle.3.What’stheideabehindthe“capsulewardrobe”?A.Betterfewer,butbetter. B.Lessaddition,butmoreenjoyment.C.Lessuniformandmorefreedom. D.Morechoicesandlessannoyance.4.What’sthepurposeoftheauthortowritethetext?A.Tocomparedifferentwearingtrends. B.Tocriticizethe“trybeforeyoubuy”policy.C.Toadvocatebuyinghigh-qualityclothes. D.TointroduceBritain’snewwearingtrend.（E)Tductionanddistributionoffoodaccountsforaroundathirdoftheworld'stotalgreenhousegasemissions（排放）.Butasaconsumer?it'sdifficulttomeasuretheclimateimpactofwhatyoueat.ADublin-basedstartupcalledEvoccocouldsoonmakeitmucheasier.Itletsuserstrackandimprovetheclimateimpactofyourfoodpurchases.UserssimplyphotographtheirgroceryreceiptsusingtheEvoccoapp,whichidentifiesthefoodproductsbyreadingtheprintedtextandusingmachinelearning.Itthencalculatesthecarbonfootprintbasedonthestore'slocationandbycheckingthetype,weightandorigino￡afoodagainstadatabase.ThedatabaseismaintainedbyEaternity,alifecycleassessmentcompanybasedinSwitzerland.Ifthereceiptdoesn'tcontainenoughdataonaproduct,itwillgiveanestimatebasedonsimilarproductsandreferencepoints.TheappisavailableforfreeoniOSandAndroiddevices,whichhasbeendownloadedmorethan1,000timessinceitslaunchattheendoflastyear.Aswellasthepersonalshoppingapp—whichEvoccohopestolaunchintheUnitedStatesbytheendofthisyear--thecompanyisdevelopingadigitaltooltoselltofoodstorekeepers,e-commerceplatformsanddeliveryappsthatwilltracktheclimateimpactofaproduct'sjourneythroughthesupplychain.Theaimistohelpstorekeepersprovideclimateimpactinformationdirectlytoconsumers,andmoreimportantly,togiveEvoccoaccesstoproductdatatoimproveitsapp.TheEvoccoappisnottheonlyapplookingtoreachthisclimate-consciousmarket.There'sCapture,whichestimatesmonthlyCO2emissionsbyaskingusersaseriesofquestionsondiet,transportandotherfactors,aswellasYayzyandMyCarbonAction,whichlinktoauser'sbankaccount,calculatingtheirfootprintfromtrade.1.WhatistheEvoccoappdesignedtodo?A.Confirmtheoriginoffoodproducts.B.Workouttheclimateeffectoffood.C.Collectvarietiesofgroceryreceipts.D.Monitorcustomers'shoppingpractices.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?A.Theproduct.B.Thereceipt.C.Evocco. D.Eaternity.3.WhatdoweknowaboutthecompanyEvoccofromParagraph3?A.Itprofitsagreatdealfromitsapp.B.IthaslauncheditsappinAmerica. C.Itistryingtogetitsappimproved.D.Itpreferstosellitsapptostorekeepers.,4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?.A.TheEvoccoappisstillfarfromsatisfactory.B.Smarttoolsmaketrackingcarbonfootprinteasier.C.PresentdigitalmarketsshouldbestrictlyrestrictedD.Environmentalawarenessboostsfoodindustryrapidly.（F)It’sbecomeanacceptedpartofkeepinguptodatewithextendedfamilyandfriends,butifschoolchildrenwereintheirparents’shoes,themajoritywouldn’tsharepostsoftheirsonsanddaughtersonline.Over55%saidtheywouldnotuploadnewsabout,orimagesoftheirchildrentotheirsocialmedia,accordingtoasurveyofover16,000pupilsbyVotesforSchools.Whilesomewereconcernedaboutbeingembarrassedorthecontentwhichcouldremainonlineindefinitely,othersexpressedconcernabouttheirpersonaldatabeingrevealed.Oneofthepupilssurveyedsaid,“Althoughourparentsmeanwell,sometimestheconsequenceofapostcanbedisastrous.”Inresponsetothesurvey,children’smentalhealthcharityPlace2BeandlawfirmMishcondeReyahaveproducedthreefilmsaheadoftheChristmasholidays―thebestperiodforparentaloversharing.Inonevideo,aboutsafetyonline,10-year-oldAdavansaid,“Ifyoushareanythingwithyourfamily,youknowwho’sgoingtoseeit.Butifyoushareitpublicly,therearemillionsofpeoplewhocanseeyourpicture.”JoeHancock,asecurityleadatMishcondeReya,encouragedparentstosharewisely.“Simplesteps,suchascheckingyourprivacysettingsandaskingothersnottosharecontentofyourchildrenontheiraccountsiftheyhaven’tupdatedtheirprivacysettings,areagoodstart.And,aswefoundoutfromthechildrenduringfilming,havingtheirpermissioniskey,”hesaid.ThestudymarksashiftawayfromtheusualdebateaboutteachingchildrentousetheInternetsafely.SandraDavis,headofthelawfirm’sfamilydepartment,said,“Childrenaretheexpertsontherealandimmediateimpactofsharenting(曬娃)―thefullextentofwhichwecannotknowyet.Wemustensurewelistentochildrenandtaketheirviewsintoconsiderationnowinordertoavoidanyunintendedconsequencesfurtherdowntheline.”1.What’smostpupils’attitudetowardssharingpostsaboutchildren?A.Skeptical.B.Tolerant.C.Unwilling.D.Unconcerned.2.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph2?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraph.B.Providesomeadviceforparents.C.Predicttheconsequenceofsharingposts.D.Givereasonsfortheresultofthesurvey.3.WhatshouldparentsfirstpayattentiontoaccordingtoJoeHancock?A.Safety.B.Consequence.C.Wisdom.D.Health.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Parentsshouldtakechildren’sopinionsintoaccount.B.ParentsshouldteachchildrentousetheInternetsafely.C.Childrenmustmakesuretolistentotheirparents.D.Childrenshouldavoidunintendedconsequencesofsharenting.（G)Overthelastdecade,GrandpaRon,asthestudentscallhim,hasvolunteeredthousandsofhourseveryyeartobewithlocalschoolchildren—butitwasn'tuntilclassesmovedonlineduetoCOVID-19thatRonJacobsonrealizedhisimpact.Thatimpactreachedfardeeperthanbeingaschoolvolunteer.Andthosestudentswerenowmissingthehugshegavethemeverymorning.BackinMarch2020,Jacobsonhadalreadyvolunteeredfor900hoursduringthe2019—2020schoolyearbythetimeCleElum-RoslynElementaryinRonald,Washington,closeditsdoorsandturnedtoonlineteaching.Thesekidswhoreliedonmebeingthereforthemhadsuddenlylostme,”Jacobsonsaid.“When