3GPP5G射頻指標(biāo)解釋

5G頻段分兩部分：FR1和FR2面是FR1也就是sub6G的頻段表:

頻率范圍如下：中國(guó)移動(dòng)：n41:2515~2675MHz,n79:4800~4900MHz;中國(guó)電信：n78:3400~3500MHz；中國(guó)聯(lián)通：n78:3500~3600MHz;3GPP中關(guān)于5GFR1（sub6G）的射頻指標(biāo)要求都在38.101中，其中38.101-1和38.101-2分別定義的是SA架構(gòu)下FR1（sub6G）和FR1（毫米波）下的射頻指標(biāo)要求，38.101-3是ENDC和5GCA組合下的5G射頻指標(biāo)要求，ENDC就是我們現(xiàn)階段國(guó)內(nèi)運(yùn)營(yíng)商正在推行的NSA架構(gòu)。因?yàn)镹SA架構(gòu)屬于過(guò)渡階段，運(yùn)營(yíng)商重點(diǎn)部署的是SA架構(gòu)，因此本文重點(diǎn)講述SA架構(gòu)下5G的射頻指標(biāo)，也就是38.101-1。3GPP相關(guān)文檔下載地址：/ftp/Specs/archive/38_series/發(fā)射指標(biāo):6發(fā)射特性6.2發(fā)射功率;Transmitterpower6.2.1UEmaximumoutputpower最大發(fā)射功率率，以適應(yīng)高階調(diào)制帶來(lái)的發(fā)射指標(biāo)超標(biāo)或者占用帶寬超標(biāo)的問(wèn)題;回退值不能重復(fù)疊加，取最大值做回退，特定頻段特定RB信令連接的最大功率回退Outputpowerdynamics輸出功率動(dòng)態(tài)范圍6.3.1Minimumoutputpower最小輸出功率inthechannelbandwidthpowerissettoaminimumTheminimumcontrolledoutputpoweroftheUEisdefinedasthepowerforalltransmitbandwidthinthechannelbandwidthpowerissettoaminimumTheminimumoutputpowerisdefinedasthemeanpowerinatleastonesub-frame1ms.TheminimumoutputpowershallnotexceedthevaluesspecifiedinTable6.3.1-1.最小發(fā)射功率的概念我們不應(yīng)該陌生，無(wú)論是Wcdma還是LTE都有這項(xiàng)指標(biāo)要求，在最小TheminimumoutputpowerisdefinedasthemeanpowerinatleastoneTransmitOFFpowerisdefinedasthemeanpowerinthechannelbandwidthwhenthetransmitterisOFF.ThetransmitterisconsideredOFFwhentheUEisnotallowedtotransmitonanyofitsports..ThetransmitOFFpowerisdefinedasthemeanpowerinadurationofatleastonesubframe(1ms)excludinganytransientperiods.ThetransmitOFFpowershallnotexceedthevaluesspecifiedinTable6.3.2-1.發(fā)射關(guān)功率的概念和LTE完全相同，網(wǎng)絡(luò)要求終端關(guān)閉發(fā)射的時(shí)候，射頻收發(fā)器的發(fā)射電路和PA都關(guān)閉，此時(shí)在射頻口測(cè)試到的功率既是發(fā)射關(guān)功率，測(cè)試周期也是至少1個(gè)子幀(1ms)。這個(gè)指標(biāo)反映的是終端保持安靜的能力，主要是測(cè)試射頻發(fā)射前端電路是否徹底關(guān)閉，以及是否有自激或者接收電路的鎖相環(huán)電路有無(wú)泄露等。通用開關(guān)模板GeneralON/OFFtimemaskFigure-1:GeneralON/OFFtimemaskforNRULtransmissioninFR110us內(nèi)完成功率10%-90%和90%-10%的上升和下降過(guò)程PRACHtimemaskPRACH時(shí)間模板SRStimemaskSRS時(shí)間模板6.3.4Powercontrol功率控制Absolutepowertolerance絕對(duì)功率容限Relativepowertolerance相對(duì)功率容限Aggregatepowertolerance合計(jì)功率容限6.4Transmitsignalquality發(fā)射信號(hào)質(zhì)量6.4.1Frequencyerror頻率誤差要求的頻率誤差是載波頻率土0.1PPM，測(cè)試周期1ms6.4.2Transmitmodulationquality發(fā)射信號(hào)調(diào)制質(zhì)量642」ErrorVectorMagnitude矢量誤差幅度MAGNITUDEERROR(l/QERRORPHASE)/PHASEERROR/ll/Q通用開關(guān)模板642」ErrorVectorMagnitude矢量誤差幅度MAGNITUDEERROR(l/QERRORPHASE)/PHASEERROR/ll/QERRORPHASEiX^IDEALSIGNAL/(REFERENCE]ERRORVECTORMEASUREDSIGNAL功率比最小功率高i0dB以上。也就是說(shuō)并不需要在最大功率下測(cè)試EVM，大多數(shù)場(chǎng)景下只r需比最小功率大即可，但我們測(cè)試往往是設(shè)置的最大功率，這樣的場(chǎng)景最惡劣，也最容易發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。Carrierleakage載波泄露Carrierleakageisanadditivesinusoidwaveformwhosefrequencyisthesameasthemodulatedwaveformcarrierfrequency.Themeasurementintervalisoneslotinthetimedomain.Inthecasethatuplinksharing,thecarrierleakagemayhave7.5kHzshiftwiththecarrierfrequency.Therelativecarrierleakagepowerisapowerratiooftheadditivesinusoidwaveformandthemodulatedwaveform.TherelativecarrierleakagepowershallnotexceedthevaluesspecifiedinTable.4.2.2-1載波泄露是一種由于串?dāng)_或者直流偏移造成的干擾，表現(xiàn)為未經(jīng)調(diào)制的載波頻率上的正弦波。這是一種幅度恒定且與信號(hào)幅度相對(duì)立的干擾。信號(hào)的IQ分量會(huì)對(duì)中心的子載波造成干擾，尤其是輸出的調(diào)制信號(hào)較小的時(shí)候影響更大，本測(cè)試項(xiàng)以載波泄露的形式測(cè)試UE發(fā)射機(jī)的調(diào)試質(zhì)量。帶內(nèi)雜散In-bandemissions帶內(nèi)雜散Thein-bandemissionisdefinedastheaverageemissionacross12sub-carriersandasafunctionoftheRBoffsetfromtheedgeoftheallocatedULtransmissionbandwidth.Thein-bandemissionismeasuredastheratiooftheUEoutputpowerinanon"allocatedRBtotheUEoutputpowerinanallocatedRB.Thebasicin-bandemissionsmeasurementintervalisdefinedoveroneslotinthetimedomain;however,theminimumrequirementapplieswhenthein-bandemissionmeasurementisaveragedover10sub-frames.WhenthePUSCHorPUCCHtransmissionslotisshortenedduetomultiplexingwithSRS,thein-bandemissionsmeasurementintervalisreducedbyoneormoresymbols,accordingly.Theaverageofthebasicin-bandemissionmeasurementover10sub-framesshallnotexceedthevaluesspecifiedinTable-1.帶內(nèi)雜散定義為，12個(gè)子載波0RB的功率和滿RB的功率之比，這個(gè)指標(biāo)反映的是分配部分RB的時(shí)候?qū)?nèi)其他RB資源的干擾情況，因?yàn)槎际欠峙鋷拑?nèi)，故稱為帶內(nèi)雜散。

EVMequalizerspectrumflatnessRequirementsforPi/2BPSKmodulation6.5OutputRFspectrumemissions輸出射頻發(fā)射頻譜Occupiedbandwidth占用帶寬ofthetotalintegratedmeanoccupiedbandwidthforallbelessthanthechannelOccupiedbandwidthisdefinedasthebandwidthcontaining99%powerofthetransmittedspectrumontheassignedchannel.Thetransmissionbandwidthconfigurations(ResourcesBlocks)shallofthetotalintegratedmeanoccupiedbandwidthforallbelessthanthechannel6.5.2Outofbandemission帶外雜散TheOutofbandemissionsareunwantedemissionsimmediatelyoutsidetheassignedchannelbandwidthresultingfromthemodulationprocessandnon-linearityinthetransmitterbutexcludingspuriousemissions.Thisoutofbandemissionlimitisspecifiedintermsofaspectrumemissionmaskandanadjacentchannelleakagepowerratio.帶外雜散包含SEM和ACLR兩部分，其中SEM單位是絕對(duì)值dBm，而ACLR單位是相對(duì)值dBC。Spectrumemissionmask發(fā)射頻譜模板ThespectrumemissionThespectrumemissionmaskoftheUEappliestofrequencies(△fOOB)startingfromtheedgeoftheassignedNRchannelbandwidth.ForfrequenciesoffsetgreaterthanFOOB

發(fā)射頻譜模板指的是channelbandwidth到心0如之間的頻譜，見上面的圖片SEM部分。Adjacentchannelleakageratio臨道功率泄露AdjacentchannelleakagepowerRatio(ACLR)istheratioofthefilteredmeanpowercentredontheassignedchannelfrequencytothefilteredmeanpowercentredonanadjacentchannelfrequency.ACLR指的是指定的信道對(duì)相鄰的信道濾波后的平均功率之比，這個(gè)參數(shù)的好壞反映的當(dāng)前終端對(duì)同系統(tǒng)的其他用戶的影響。.2UTRAACLRUMTS制式臨道功率泄露UTRAadjacentchannelleakagepowerratio(UTRAACLR)istheratioofthefilteredmeanpowercentredontheassignedNRchannelfrequencytothefilteredmeanpowercentredonanadjacent(s)UTRAchannel

frequency.UTRAACLRisspecifiedforthefirstadjacentUTRAchannel(UTRAACLR1)whichcenterfrequencyis2.5MHzfromNRchanneledgeandforthe2ndadjacentUTRAchannel(UTRAaclr2)whichcenterfrequencyis7.5土MHzfromNRchanneledge.和LTE類似，5GNR也有相應(yīng)的對(duì)UMTS(WCDMA和TD-SCDMA)的鄰道干擾的指標(biāo)，ACLR1指的是5G信道邊緣±2.5MHz,ACLR2指的是5G信道邊緣±7.5MHz。指標(biāo)要求如下:6.5.3Spuriousemissions發(fā)射雜散這里的發(fā)射雜散是通用的發(fā)射雜散，和LTE的要求非常類似，是outofbandemssions之外的頻譜outofbandemssions之外的頻譜要求。具體指標(biāo)要求如下:Thetransmitintermodulationperformanceisameasureofthecapabilityofthetransmittertoinhibitthegenerationofsignalsinitsnonlinearelementscausedbypresenceofthewantedsignalandaninterferingsignalreachingthetransmitterviatheantenna.UEtransmitintermodulationisdefinedbytheratioofthemeanpowerofthewantedsignaltothemeanpoweroftheintermodulationproductwhenaninterferingCWsignalisaddedatalevelbelowthewantedsignalateachtransmitterantennaportwiththeotherantennaport(s)ifanyterminated.BoththewantedsignalpowerandtheintermodulationproductpoweraremeasuredthroughNRrectangularfilterwithmeasurementbandwidthshowninTable6.5.4-1.TherequirementoftransmitintermodulationisspecifiedTherequirementoftransmitintermodulationisspecified的非線性特性，分別在中心頻點(diǎn)土信道帶寬和nTable6.5.4-1.發(fā)射交調(diào)反映的是天線口2*信道帶寬加注-40dBC7ReceiverDiversityReference接收靈敏度，characteristics接收特性characteristics分集特性sensitivity參考靈敏度應(yīng)該是射頻領(lǐng)域中最基本的概念之一，是表示接收機(jī)能夠在不超過(guò)一定誤碼率的LTE—樣，是沿用GSM和WCDMACS(Circuit情況下識(shí)別的最低信號(hào)強(qiáng)度。這里說(shuō)誤碼率，和Switched,電路域交換)時(shí)代的定義作一個(gè)通稱。在多數(shù)情況下，BER(BitErrorRate，誤比牛寺率)或PER(PacketErrorRate，誤包率)用來(lái)考察靈敏度。而5GNR和LTE一樣用Throughput(吞吐量)來(lái)表征靈敏度，用吞吐量不低于95%的最小信號(hào)表征5GNR的靈敏度。先來(lái)看下靈敏度的計(jì)算公式：Sensitivity=10log10(KT0)+10log10(BW)+NF+CNRmin其中10log10(KT0)表示的是室溫25°C的底噪-174dBm，在絕對(duì)零度-273°C時(shí)我們認(rèn)為電子是不運(yùn)動(dòng)的，這個(gè)時(shí)候的底噪是-174dBm，室溫下電子有活動(dòng)了，但底噪增加的非常有限，為了計(jì)算方便，室溫下的底噪還記做-174dBm。BW:BandWidth，帶寬；NF:NoiseFigure，系統(tǒng)的噪聲系數(shù)，一般指第一個(gè)低噪放的噪聲系數(shù)；CNRmin:MinimumCarrierNoiseRatioAllowed,系統(tǒng)解調(diào)所允許的最小載波噪聲比；以5GNR的20MHz業(yè)務(wù)為例，講解下5GNR靈敏度的由來(lái)。Sensitivity(LTE)=10log10(KT0)+10log10(BW)+NF+CNRmin=-174dbm+10log10(19.08*10"6)+6db+(-1)dB=-174dBm+72.8+6dB+(-1)dB=-96.2dBmBW=20MHz業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)際占用帶寬19MHzNF=6db(這里的NF對(duì)系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)就是第一級(jí)LNA之前的插損加上該LNA自身的噪聲系數(shù)NF)CNRmin:-1db

OPefMif>g(MIM]1SCS/CrtannelZlgkfth.?Du"ex4iiod。OPerotJnqBandSCSkHr5MHZ(UBm)10Ml<7(JBm)15MH?(dBm)2uWiZ((IBIIl)2530M>kM他(dBi|40Mlk丸Mlt(dBm)i)UlBm)(UBllutoMIZ(dBm)8MHZ(dBni)90MltZ(JBnl)100M儀(dBm)DUPleXMo(1960Inl815?1000-968-950FD口3097195160n2015-970938910E9.8F83094191.1SOO60U2515?965-933?915?903FDO30?93696-90560?940?919?9O7U2815-985-955?935?C0.8FDO30-956?936??1.060U3O15-990-958「DD30-M1eon3415-IOoO-968-950TDD30-971-95160?975-954n3B‘15-180-968-950-93.8TOD30-97.1-951-MOeo-975-954-94.2n39158-92.7-91.9-90.6T830-97.1951?3.0■92.8-02.0-9078-975-954?S4.2-93.0-92.1-90.9MO15-ICOO?968-950-93.8-92.7-91.9-8.6-09.6TDD30-971-951-540￡28-920-907-397?389-87660-975-954-942?930-921-909"98-391-876n4i,15-948-930-QI.8-38.6-87.6IDD30-951-93.1-92.0?88/-377-?6.9-856-35.1-84760-955-93.4-922-88.9-?7.8-3M-856-35.1-€47n48,1599958go92.7-39.688.6iTDD30961&4.192.9-30788尸S5416.6"$6.廣-86.6"60-965-94.4-93.1-69.9-68.3i-680：七&Tc-?625-?5.7sn5015-I(X)O-968-95Q-93.8-91.9-90.5-39.6TDO30-971-951-940-S2037-397-389-676GO?975-954?X2-921-909-398-391-370n5i15?1000TDD3060n6515905?63W503.3FDo30966W603.5609703903.7n6615-995?963-945-93.3FDO30?966-fU6-935-90260-970-949?937-904n7O15-IoOO?968-950-938-927F830-971-951?94.0-02.860-975-954?M.2-03.0nn1597294091686.0FDD7.4Maximuminputlevel最大輸入電平測(cè)試方法：上行功率設(shè)置為最大功率-4dB，DFT-S-OFDMQPSK，RB設(shè)置見下圖提到的表（在文檔38.521-1中），下行配置成CP-OFDM64QAM和要求在輸入如下表格的電平時(shí)，吞吐量throughput不小于95%。7.5Adjacent7.5Adjacentchannelselectivity臨道選擇性Adjacentchannelselectivity(ACS)isameasureofareceiver'sabilitytoreceiveanNRsignalatitsassignedchannelfrequencyinthepresenceofanadjacentchannelsignalatagivenfrequencyoffsetfromthecentrefrequencyoftheassignedchannel.ACSistheratioofthereceivefilterattenuationontheassignedchannelfrequencytothereceivefilterattenuationontheadjacentchannel(s).鄰道選擇性測(cè)試的是在主信道相鄰的信道加一個(gè)干擾信號(hào)，主信道靈敏度惡化的情況能否滿足要求。ACS指標(biāo)是主信道的濾波器衰減值對(duì)相鄰信道的濾波器衰減值之比。測(cè)試方法：<2700MHz的頻段Case1:主接收信號(hào)的電平設(shè)置為REFSENS+14dB，干擾功率大小REFSENS+32.5dB，干擾信號(hào)帶

寬5MHz,干擾信號(hào)的頻率土52.5MHz。Case2:主接收信號(hào)的電平設(shè)置為-43.5dBm,干擾功率大小-25dBm,干擾信號(hào)帶寬5MHz,干擾信號(hào)的頻率土52.5MHz。

>3300MHz的頻段Casel:主接收信號(hào)的電平設(shè)置為REFSENS+14dB，干擾功率大小REFSENS+45.5dB，干擾信號(hào)帶寬BW，干擾信號(hào)的頻率土BW。Case2:主接收信號(hào)的電平設(shè)置為-56.5dBm,干擾功率大小-25dBm，干擾信號(hào)帶寬BW，干擾信號(hào)的頻率土BW。注意，以上的干擾信號(hào)都是和主信號(hào)一樣SCS設(shè)置的5GNR信號(hào)。指標(biāo)要求：Theblockingcharacteristicisameasureofthereceiversabilitytoreceiveawantedsignalatitsassignedchannelfrequencyinthepresenceofanunwantedinterfereronfrequenciesotherthanthoseofthespuriousresponseortheadjacentchannels,withoutthisunwantedinputsignalcausingadegradationoftheperformanceofthereceiverbeyondaspecifiedlimit.Theblockingperformanceshallapplyatallfrequenciesexceptthoseatwhichaspuriousresponseoccurs.阻塞特性反映的是接收機(jī)在除了雜散響應(yīng)或者臨道頻率干擾信號(hào)下接收正常信號(hào)的能力In-bandblocking帶內(nèi)阻塞測(cè)試方法：下彳亍CP_OFDMQPSK1/3coderate;<2700MHz的頻段，BW帶寬有用信號(hào)，功率：REFSESN+16dBCasel:在有用信號(hào)中心頻率土(BW/2+7.5MHz)的位置發(fā)送功率為-56dBm，帶寬5MHz的干擾信號(hào)；Case2:在有用信號(hào)中心頻率士(BW/2+12.5MHz)的位置一直到頻段上下15MHz的位置，發(fā)送功率^-44dBm，帶寬5MHz的干擾信號(hào)；>3300MHz的頻段，有用信號(hào)帶寬BW，功率：REFSESN+6dBCase1:在有用信號(hào)中心頻率±(BW+150MHz)的位置發(fā)送功率為-56dBm,帶寬BW的干擾信號(hào)；Case2:在有用信號(hào)中心頻率±(BW+250MHz)的位置一直到頻段上下3*BW的位置，發(fā)送功率為-44dBm，帶寬BW的干擾信號(hào)；Out-of-bandblocking帶外阻