虛擬語氣 課件

TheSubjunctiveMood

GrammarTheSubjunctiveMoodGrammar11.IfIwereAndyLou,Iwould

beinHongKongnow.2.IwishIwereamillionaire.3.WesuggestthateveryoneshouldhelptheAIDSpatients.

WhentousetheSubjunctiveMoodinEnglish?hypotheseswishessuggestion虛擬語氣TheSubjunctiveMood1.IfIwereAndyLou,Iwould2虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式(verbstructure),用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實(fact)，而只是一種假設(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建議(suggestion)或懷疑(doubt)等等。ThedefinitionoftheSubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式(verbstruct31.虛擬語氣在條件句中

1)“表示不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”,條件從句一般用過去時,主句用woulddo,shoulddo或might/coulddo;虛擬語氣應該注意的幾點:1.虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬語氣應該注意的幾點:42)表示“本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事情”,條件從句用過去完成時,主句用wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,might/couldhavedone.2)表示“本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事情”,條件從句用過去完成5Theoldmenwouldfinditdifficulttogetajobiftheyleftthefarm.Ishouldbesurprisedifitwaslessthanfivepounds.IfIfrightenedthosebirds,theymightflyoffandIwouldneverseethemagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.Theoldmenwouldfinditdiff6IfIwereaskedtodefinemymood,I’dsay“bored”.Ifhehadtakenhisdoctor’sadvice,hemightnothavediedsosoon.Ifhehadrealizedthat,hewouldhaverun

awaywhiletherewasstilltime.Ifshehadnotmarried,shecouldhavebecomespecialinthefiled.IfIwereaskedtodefinemym72.虛擬語氣在條件句也可用來表示“將來不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”,條件從句用shoulddo,weretodo或一般過去時,主句用woulddo,shoulddo,could/mightdo.2.虛擬語氣在條件句也可用來表示“將來不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”8Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldhavetobeputoff.IcouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyesifIweretogotothemoonsomeday.Whatwouldyoudoifhefailedtocometomorrow?Ifitshouldraintomorrow,th9注意:

含有should的條件句,主句可以 用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時.例如:Ifthereshouldbeanotherflood,whatshallwedo?Askhertoleaveamessageifsheshouldcome.注意:含有should的條件句,主句可以 用一般現(xiàn)在103.在正式英語文體中,if從句中的第一個動詞如果是should,were或had,可將此動詞置于句首,替代if．例如：3.在正式英語文體中,if從句中的第一個動詞如果是sh11Wereitalltrue,itwouldstillnotexcusetheiractions.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.Shouldanyvisitorscome,Iwouldsayyouarenothere.Wereitalltrue,itwouldsti124.ifonly和suppose(supposing),也可以引導虛擬從句．IfonlyIhadmoretime,Icouldgotheretohelpthem.Supposingitwerefinetomorrow,wouldyougoclimbingthemountainwithus?4.ifonly和suppose(supposin135.Ifitwerenot/hadnotbeenfor…也是常見的虛擬句型,意思是“要不是……”例如:Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.Ifitwerenotforthewisedecision,wecouldnotbelivingahappylife.5.Ifitwerenot/hadnotbe146.虛擬語氣用于Iwish…的賓語從句中:表示現(xiàn)在時間,動詞用一般過去時和過去進行時(be動詞用were/was)。表示過去時間,動詞用過去完成時和過去完成進行時。表示將來時間,動詞用would/could等+動詞原形。6.虛擬語氣用于Iwish…的賓語從句中:表示現(xiàn)在時15IwishIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.Iwishheweren’tsolazy.Idowisheverythingwouldbeasquietasbefore.Iwishwehadn’tbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.IwishIknewhowtooperatet16注意:這里Iwish…所表達的意思與if only…差不多。以上的句子都可 以用ifonly來代替Iwish例如:IfonlyIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.Ifonlywehadn’tbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.注意:這里Iwish…所表達的意思與if only177.It’s(about/high)time+從句，表示“該做而未做的事”,是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的建議,從句中的動詞用一般過去時。例如：Itishightimewebegantowork.We’veenjoyedtheevening,butit’stimewewenthome.It’sabouttimetheboylearnedtobehavehimself.7.It’s(about/high)time+從句，188.表示“要求、建議、命令”等動詞demand,require,suggest,insist,advise,order等后接賓語從句時,從句謂語動詞一般用虛擬語氣,即should+動詞原形(do/bedone),should也可以省略．例如：8.表示“要求、建議、命令”等動詞demand,req19HeinsistedthatJohn(should)dothejob.Wesuggestthatthemeeting(should)notbepostponed.Theuniondemandedthatthewages(should)beraisedby20%.HeinsistedthatJohn(should)20常用的這類動詞是:ask(要求),advise(建議),command(命令),decide(決定),demand(要求),insist(堅持),move(提議),order(命令),propose(提出),require(要求),request(請求),suggest(建議),urge(主張)如果這些動詞不是表示“要求、建議、命令”等意思時,這時賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。常用的這類動詞是:ask(要求),advise(建議21例如：HeinsistedthatIwaswrong.(這兒insist意思是“堅持認為”）Theexpressiononherfacesuggeststhatsheknowsthesecret.(這兒suggest意思是“表明”）例如：22虛擬語氣在條件句中除了表示與將來、現(xiàn)在及過去事實相反的情況以外，還需要注意以下幾點：一、錯綜時間條件句當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要依據(jù)它所表示的時間來調(diào)整。如：Ifyouhadtakenthemedicineyesterday,youmightbewellnow.虛擬語氣在條件句中除了表示與將來、現(xiàn)在及過去事實相反的情況以23(條件句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。)如果你昨天吃了藥,你的病今天也許就好了。二、省略if的條件句如果if條件句中有were，had，should時，可省略if，把were，had，should放在主語前。這種結構主要用于書面語中。如：(條件句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。)24Wereitnecessary(=Ifitwerenecessary),Imightresign．如果需要的話，我可以辭職。Hadyouinformedmeearlier(=Ifyouhadinformedmeearlier),Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.

要是你早點告訴我的話，我是不會簽那份合同的。Wereitnecessary(=Ifit25三、含蓄條件句有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和含條件句的句子差不多，這種句子叫含蓄條件句，這種句子中也用虛擬語氣。含蓄條件句的“暗含”之意一般用三種方法來表達：1.條件暗含在短語中。如：Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.

沒有空氣，就沒有生命。三、含蓄條件句26（條件暗含在介詞短語Withoutair中）Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得這么大的進步。（條件暗含在介詞短語Butforyourhelp中）Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldresultindisaster.（條件暗含在介詞短語Withoutair中）27同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時，就會釀成大禍。（條件暗含在分詞短語happeninginwartime中）2.條件暗含在上下文中。如：Youmightstayhereforever.你可以永遠待在這兒。（可能暗含ifyouwantedto）Theywouldhavesucceeded.同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時，就會釀成大禍。28他們本來是會成功的。（可能暗含iftheyhadkepttrying）3.在不少情況下，虛擬式已經(jīng)成為習慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit. 這是我做夢也不會想到的。

四、省去主句的非真實條件句非真實條件句如果省去主句，通常表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。他們本來是會成功的。29這種條件句常用ifonly來引導。如：IfonlyIhadknownwheretofindyoujustnow.剛才我要是知道去哪兒找你就好了。這種條件句常用ifonly來引導。如：301.Ifhehadnotlosthismoney,he___thepianolastweek.A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.boughtD.couldhavebought2.Ifweweretobe200yearsold,we___everything.A.willchangeB.canchangeC.couldchangeD.changedPractise1.Ifhehadnotlosthismone313.Ifyou__thatfilmlastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.A.didn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.wouldn’tseenD.hadn’tseen3.Ifyou__thatfilmlastni324.Youarelate.Ifyou__alittleminutesearlier,you__him.A.came,wouldmeetB.hadcome,wouldhavemetC.came,wouldhavemetD.weretocome,wouldmeet4.Youarelate.Ifyou__al335.Butforthestorm,we__apleasantjourney.A.shouldhaveB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.shouldhavehad6.___todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI5.Butforthestorm,we__a347.Withoutthecomputer,theproblem__insuchashorttime.A.couldn’tbesolvedB.wouldn’thavesolvedC.couldn’thavebeensolved7.Withoutthecomputer,thep358.Withoutelectricity,humanlife__quitedifferenttoday.A.willbeB.weretobeC.wouldbeD.is8.Withoutelectricity,human369.“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou_______youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A.haverealizedB.realizedC.realizeD.shouldrealize9.“Youareveryselfish.It’s3710.IwishI____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept10.IwishI____longerthis38根據(jù)括號中的提示翻譯下列句子。1.如果你接受了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好了。（錯綜時間條件句）2.如果你提前告訴我，我就去機場接他了。（省略if的條件句）Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldbeallrightnow.Hadyoutoldmeinadvance,Iwouldhavemethimattheairport.根據(jù)括號中的提示翻譯下列句子。Ifyouhadtake393．要不是中國共產(chǎn)黨，他三十年前就餓死了。（含蓄條件句）4．要是我像你一樣知道怎么操作電腦就好了。（省去主句的非真實條件句）ButfortheCommunistPartyofChina,hewouldhavediedofhunger30yearsago.IfonlyIknewhowtooperateacomputerasyoudo.3．要不是中國共產(chǎn)黨，他三十年前就餓死了。（含蓄條件句）Bu40TheSubjunctiveMood

GrammarTheSubjunctiveMoodGrammar411.IfIwereAndyLou,Iwould

beinHongKongnow.2.IwishIwereamillionaire.3.WesuggestthateveryoneshouldhelptheAIDSpatients.

WhentousetheSubjunctiveMoodinEnglish?hypotheseswishessuggestion虛擬語氣TheSubjunctiveMood1.IfIwereAndyLou,Iwould42虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式(verbstructure),用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實(fact)，而只是一種假設(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建議(suggestion)或懷疑(doubt)等等。ThedefinitionoftheSubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式(verbstruct431.虛擬語氣在條件句中

1)“表示不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”,條件從句一般用過去時,主句用woulddo,shoulddo或might/coulddo;虛擬語氣應該注意的幾點:1.虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬語氣應該注意的幾點:442)表示“本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事情”,條件從句用過去完成時,主句用wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,might/couldhavedone.2)表示“本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事情”,條件從句用過去完成45Theoldmenwouldfinditdifficulttogetajobiftheyleftthefarm.Ishouldbesurprisedifitwaslessthanfivepounds.IfIfrightenedthosebirds,theymightflyoffandIwouldneverseethemagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.Theoldmenwouldfinditdiff46IfIwereaskedtodefinemymood,I’dsay“bored”.Ifhehadtakenhisdoctor’sadvice,hemightnothavediedsosoon.Ifhehadrealizedthat,hewouldhaverun

awaywhiletherewasstilltime.Ifshehadnotmarried,shecouldhavebecomespecialinthefiled.IfIwereaskedtodefinemym472.虛擬語氣在條件句也可用來表示“將來不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”,條件從句用shoulddo,weretodo或一般過去時,主句用woulddo,shoulddo,could/mightdo.2.虛擬語氣在條件句也可用來表示“將來不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”48Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldhavetobeputoff.IcouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyesifIweretogotothemoonsomeday.Whatwouldyoudoifhefailedtocometomorrow?Ifitshouldraintomorrow,th49注意:

含有should的條件句,主句可以 用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時.例如:Ifthereshouldbeanotherflood,whatshallwedo?Askhertoleaveamessageifsheshouldcome.注意:含有should的條件句,主句可以 用一般現(xiàn)在503.在正式英語文體中,if從句中的第一個動詞如果是should,were或had,可將此動詞置于句首,替代if．例如：3.在正式英語文體中,if從句中的第一個動詞如果是sh51Wereitalltrue,itwouldstillnotexcusetheiractions.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.Shouldanyvisitorscome,Iwouldsayyouarenothere.Wereitalltrue,itwouldsti524.ifonly和suppose(supposing),也可以引導虛擬從句．IfonlyIhadmoretime,Icouldgotheretohelpthem.Supposingitwerefinetomorrow,wouldyougoclimbingthemountainwithus?4.ifonly和suppose(supposin535.Ifitwerenot/hadnotbeenfor…也是常見的虛擬句型,意思是“要不是……”例如:Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.Ifitwerenotforthewisedecision,wecouldnotbelivingahappylife.5.Ifitwerenot/hadnotbe546.虛擬語氣用于Iwish…的賓語從句中:表示現(xiàn)在時間,動詞用一般過去時和過去進行時(be動詞用were/was)。表示過去時間,動詞用過去完成時和過去完成進行時。表示將來時間,動詞用would/could等+動詞原形。6.虛擬語氣用于Iwish…的賓語從句中:表示現(xiàn)在時55IwishIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.Iwishheweren’tsolazy.Idowisheverythingwouldbeasquietasbefore.Iwishwehadn’tbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.IwishIknewhowtooperatet56注意:這里Iwish…所表達的意思與if only…差不多。以上的句子都可 以用ifonly來代替Iwish例如:IfonlyIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.Ifonlywehadn’tbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.注意:這里Iwish…所表達的意思與if only577.It’s(about/high)time+從句，表示“該做而未做的事”,是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的建議,從句中的動詞用一般過去時。例如：Itishightimewebegantowork.We’veenjoyedtheevening,butit’stimewewenthome.It’sabouttimetheboylearnedtobehavehimself.7.It’s(about/high)time+從句，588.表示“要求、建議、命令”等動詞demand,require,suggest,insist,advise,order等后接賓語從句時,從句謂語動詞一般用虛擬語氣,即should+動詞原形(do/bedone),should也可以省略．例如：8.表示“要求、建議、命令”等動詞demand,req59HeinsistedthatJohn(should)dothejob.Wesuggestthatthemeeting(should)notbepostponed.Theuniondemandedthatthewages(should)beraisedby20%.HeinsistedthatJohn(should)60常用的這類動詞是:ask(要求),advise(建議),command(命令),decide(決定),demand(要求),insist(堅持),move(提議),order(命令),propose(提出),require(要求),request(請求),suggest(建議),urge(主張)如果這些動詞不是表示“要求、建議、命令”等意思時,這時賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。常用的這類動詞是:ask(要求),advise(建議61例如：HeinsistedthatIwaswrong.(這兒insist意思是“堅持認為”）Theexpressiononherfacesuggeststhatsheknowsthesecret.(這兒suggest意思是“表明”）例如：62虛擬語氣在條件句中除了表示與將來、現(xiàn)在及過去事實相反的情況以外，還需要注意以下幾點：一、錯綜時間條件句當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要依據(jù)它所表示的時間來調(diào)整。如：Ifyouhadtakenthemedicineyesterday,youmightbewellnow.虛擬語氣在條件句中除了表示與將來、現(xiàn)在及過去事實相反的情況以63(條件句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。)如果你昨天吃了藥,你的病今天也許就好了。二、省略if的條件句如果if條件句中有were，had，should時，可省略if，把were，had，should放在主語前。這種結構主要用于書面語中。如：(條件句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。)64Wereitnecessary(=Ifitwerenecessary),Imightresign．如果需要的話，我可以辭職。Hadyouinformedmeearlier(=Ifyouhadinformedmeearlier),Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.

要是你早點告訴我的話，我是不會簽那份合同的。Wereitnecessary(=Ifit65三、含蓄條件句有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和含條件句的句子差不多，這種句子叫含蓄條件句，這種句子中也用虛擬語氣。含蓄條件句的“暗含”之意一般用三種方法來表達：1.條件暗含在短語中。如：Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.

沒有空氣，就沒有生命。三、含蓄條件句66（條件暗含在介詞短語Withoutair中）Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得這么大的進步。（條件暗含在介詞短語Butforyourhelp中）Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldresultindisaster.（條件暗含在介詞短語Withoutair中）67同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時，就會釀成大禍。（條件暗含在分詞短語happeninginwartime中）2.條件暗含在上下文中。如：Youmightstayhereforever.你可以永遠待在這兒。（可能暗含ifyouwantedto）Theywouldhavesucceeded.同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時，就會釀成大禍。68他們本來是會成功的。（可能暗含iftheyhadkepttrying）3.在不少情況下，虛擬式已經(jīng)成為習慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit. 這是我做夢也不會想到的。

四、省去主句的非真實條件句非真實條件句如果省去主句，通常表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。他們本來是會成功的。69這種條件句常用ifonly來引導。如：IfonlyIhadknownwheretofindyoujustnow.剛才我要是知道去哪兒找你就好了。這種條件句常用ifonly來引導。如：701.Ifhehadnotlosthismoney,he___thepianolastweek.A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.boughtD.couldhavebought2.Ifweweretobe200yearsold,we___everything.A.willchangeB.canchangeC.couldchangeD.changedPractise1.Ifhehadnotlosthismone713.Ifyou__thatfilmlastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.A.didn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.wouldn’tseenD.hadn’tseen3.Ifyou__thatfilmlastni724.Youarelate.Ifyou__alittleminutesearlier,you__him.A.came,wouldmeetB.hadcome,wouldhavemetC.came,wouldhavemetD.weretocome,wouldmeet4.Youarelate.Ifyou