2019屆高三語法專項復(fù)習(xí)：謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)

來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)：動作發(fā)生的時間及其當(dāng)時的狀態(tài)的對應(yīng)叫時態(tài)。動作發(fā)生的時間不同，其狀態(tài)形式就不同。時態(tài)構(gòu)成（以do為例）基本用法常見的時間搭配1?一般現(xiàn)在時do/does表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作；客觀事實或普遍真理；現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段的情況或狀態(tài)等。Thebusleavesat5o'lock.sometimes,often,always,at...,onSunday,every+...2.—般過去時did表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)、過去習(xí)慣性的動作；在時間或條件狀語從句中表過去等。Heusuallywenttoschoolbybikewhenhewasastudent.yesterday(morning/afternoon/evening),lastweek/year/week,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow...3?—般將來時willdo表示將來發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。Iwillaskhimforhelp.tomorrow(morning/afternoon/evening),nextFriday,intwoweeks.4.過去將來時woulddo常用于賓語從句或間接引語中；從過去的觀點看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)等。Theyaskedthebossiftheywouldcarryouttheplansoon.多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動作以后的動作5.現(xiàn)在進行時is/am/are+doing表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的事等。Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.now6?過去進行時was/were+doing表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動作；按計劃過去某時刻要發(fā)生的動作等。Iwasshoppingwithmyfamily.At8o'clockyesterday,from9to10lastevening,bedoing.when.7?現(xiàn)在完成時has/havedone表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。Ihavemademuchprogressinmathinthelastthreemonths.For,since,sofar,ever,never,yet,uptonow,inthepastyears,recently.

8.過去完成時haddone表示在過去某個動作或時間前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即指“過去的過去”。Ihadfinishedthetaskbeforeyoucalledme.before/by+過去的時間/動作【注】動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：①一般直接加-s,例want---wants:②s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾，加-es，例teach---teaches；③輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，改y為i再加-es，例study-studies□現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：①一般直接加-ing，例study-studying；②以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾，去e加-ing，例live-living；③輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾，且為重讀音節(jié)時，需雙寫最后的輔音字母再加-ing，例begin---beginning；④以-ie結(jié)尾的詞，變ie為y,再加-ing，例die---dying。動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：①一般直接加-ed，例want---wanted；②以e結(jié)尾只加-d，例live---lived:③輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，改y為i再加-ed，例study-studied；④輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾，且為重讀音節(jié)時，需雙寫最后的輔音字母再加-ed，例stop-stopped；⑤不規(guī)則動詞另記。語態(tài)：在表示主動關(guān)系時（即主語為動作的執(zhí)行者時），謂語的形式稱為主動語態(tài)；不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或者需要突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者時，就用被動語態(tài)。時態(tài)謂語動詞的形式（以do為例）主動被動1?一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesis/am/are+done2?—般過去時didwas/were+done3?—般將來時willdowillbe+done4?過去將來時woulddowouldbedone5.現(xiàn)在進行時is/am/are+doingis/am/are+beingdone6?過去進行時was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone7?現(xiàn)在完成時has/havedonehas/havebeendone8?過去完成時haddonehadbeendone【做題方法】1)辨明主動被動；找時間狀語；找已有謂語動詞時態(tài)；注意一些特定句式的時態(tài)要求?！净A(chǔ)練】Light(travel)fasterthansound.Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe(be)toobusy.Thework(finish)intendays.Hetoldmehe(arrive)onMondaymorning,butheneverappeared.Look!They(play)basketballontheplayground.IfirstmetTomtenyearsago.He(work)inaTVfactoryatthattime.Manybridges(build)overtheriversince1949.WhenIgotthere,Iwastoldthathe(go)toShanghai.Bytheendoflastyear,we（learn）atleast3,000Englishwords.【提升練】2018~2012年高考題（改編）單句語法填空/單句改錯（2018全國一，64）Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit（be）moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife...（2018全國一卷，短文改錯）Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.（2018全國二卷,61）Since2011,thecountry（grow）morecornthanrice.（2018全國二卷，68）TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005---whenthegovernment（start）asoil-testingprogramwhichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers---and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.（2018全國二卷，短文改錯）Ididn'trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.（2018全國三卷，69）whenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive.Truetogorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal（mean）menorealharm.（2018全國三卷，短文改錯）ItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.（2018全國三卷，短文改錯）Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.”（2017全國一卷，64）Whenfatandsalt（remove）fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.（2017全國一卷，67）Fastfood（be）fulloffatandsalt.（2017全國-」卷，短文改錯）Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor'sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mygoesblank.（2017全國二卷，65）Steamengines（use）topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess.（2017全國二卷，68）Later,engineers（manage）toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels,whichbecameknownastheTube.（2017全國二卷，短文改錯）Whenthesummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthefreshvegetables!（2017全國三卷，63）Sarah（tell）thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.（2017全國三卷，69）Butatthemoment,school（come）first.（2017全國三卷,短文改錯）Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.（2017全國三卷,短文改錯）（改兩處錯誤）Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.（2016?全國I,62）I（allow）togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600—acrecentre.（2016?全國I,短文改錯）Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.（2016?全國II,43）Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow（be）oftenacceptable.（2016?全國III,42）Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight（make）ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.（2016?全國III,49）Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand（be）tooviolentforuseatthetable.（2015?全國I,61）ItwasraininglightlywhenI（arrive）inYangshuojustbeforedawn.（2015?全國I,67）Yangshuo（be）reallybeautiful.（2015?全國I,短文改錯）1thinkIwouldbehappythere.（2015?全國I,短文改錯）Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.（2015?全國I,短文改錯）Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.（2015?全國II,68）Thiscycle（go）dayafterday.（2015?全國II,短文改錯）Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.（2015?全國II,短文改錯）Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.（2014?全國大綱，22）Unlessextramoney（find）,thetheatrewillclose.（2014?全國大綱，32）Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody（see）themsince.（2014?全國大綱，短文改錯）Theunderstandingbetweentwofriendsmeanbothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrusteachother.（2014?全國I,61）It（be）unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.（2014?全國I,短文改錯）Sincethen一foralltheseyears一wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself—seedwheretheyplease.（2014?全國II,65）Aboyonabike（catch）myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.（2014?全國II,短文改錯）Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.（2014?全國II,短文改錯）Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,satbythelakelisteningmusic.（2013?全國大綱，27）We（leave）veryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.（2013?全國大綱，短文改錯）AthomemyfatheroftenthinksI'msilly.HesaidifIdecidetodosomething,ittakeshimmuchtimetostopme.（2013?全國I,24）Ifwe（notact）nowtoprotecttheenvironment,we'lllivetoregretit.（2013?全國I,27）WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn'tlikehim,butI（change）mymind.（2013?全國I,短文改錯）1wasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.（2013?全國II,短文改錯）TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.（2012?全國I,23）“Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow”.Grannyusedtosay,“becauseeverystep（show）.”（2012?全國II,18）Themanager（tell）theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9a.m..（2012?全國II,短文改錯）Yetitseemedwaterisbecominglessandless.謂語動詞的時態(tài)&語態(tài)答案【基礎(chǔ)練】travels2.was3.willbefinished4.wouldarrive5.areplaying6.wasworking7.havebeenbuilt8.hadgone;hadlearnt【提升練】2018~2012年高考題（改編）isfind改為foundhasgrownstartedare改為weremeantbegin改為beguninclude改為includesareremovedisgoes改為wentwereusedmanagedcame改為comeshasbeentold/wastoldcomeshad改成have(1)took改成taken(2)become改成became19?wasallowed［根據(jù)語境及allowsbtodosth這一固定句式可知，我應(yīng)該是被允許接近這些可愛的動物。］20.using—used［beusedfor“被用來做”，為固定短語。］21?is［考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。本句的主語為動名詞短語leavingtheless...，動名詞作主語謂語要用單數(shù)第三人稱形式，且這里說的是一個客觀事實，故要用is。］bemade［考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意筷子是被制造的。］were［考查時態(tài)。此處were是與wouldremind并列的謂語動詞。］arrived［句意：就在天亮之前我到了陽朔，天下著小雨。根據(jù)前后句時態(tài)可知用一般過去時。］is［句意：陽朔真的很漂亮。這里用一般現(xiàn)在時。］think—thought［句意：我認為在那兒很快樂。時態(tài)用法錯誤。這里用一般過去時，表示“過去認為”。］去掉been［句意：許多研究表明全球變暖早已成為嚴重的問題了。主語與動詞為主動關(guān)系，這里不需要用被動語態(tài)。］found—find［句意：我們必須找到方法來保護我們的地球。動詞用法錯誤。情態(tài)動詞must后接動詞原形。］goes［根據(jù)上下文，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。］begun—began［動詞形式錯誤，根據(jù)上文可知該句謂語動