2017雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(2)1850

2017雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(2)原文與譯文：Yesterday,intheHouseofCommons,CharlesKennedy'sparliamentarycolleaguesgavemovingtributestohislife.Thereisneverarush,ofcourse,tospeakillofthedead,butthesetributeshadtheclearringofsincerity.DavidCameronsaidhis“characterandcourageinspiredusall”,andNickCleggthathealwaysputpeoplebeforepolitics.Outsidethecommons,colleaguesandfriendshavespokenrepeatedlyofKennedy'scompassion,decency,andprinciplednatureaswellasofhisongoingbattlewithhumanfrailtyintheformofalcoholism.ItseemsCharlesKennedydisplayedwhattheNewYorkTimesColumnistDavidBrookswouldcall“eulogyvirtues”.Inhismostrecentbook“TheRoadtoCharacter”,Brookscontrastseulogyvirtueslikekindness,faithfulnessandhumilitywithwhathecallsresumevirtues-thekindofthingsweputonourCV.He'sconvincedthatbotheulogyvirtuesandresumevirtuestakeworktodevelop,andisworriedthatwesternsocietypushesustoputoureffortsintotheonesthatwillhelpimproveourcareers,notourcharacters.It'stheageoldquestion-whatmakesagoodlife?Howdowegodeeperamongsttheclamourofaculturethatmonetisesstatusanxietyanddefinesusbywhatearn,ownorlooklike?DavidBrook'scallforustodothehardworkofdevelopingcharacter,tocultivateself-restraintandself-suspicionintheageoftheselfiestick,isn'treallycontroversial.It'sobvious,whenwestoptothinkaboutit,thatthereallegaciesofourlivesaren'tjobtitles,twitterfollowersorcellulitefreethighs.Buthowdowedeveloptheeulogyvirtues,whenthegravitationalpulloftheselfissostrong?Christianswouldbethefirsttoacknowledgethatthesevirtuesdon'tcomenaturally.Thechurch'shunchisthatchangehappensthroughvulnerable,committedrelationships.Toovercomethetyrantselfwemustconfessourfrailtyanddarkesttendencies-firsttoGod,andthentoothers.Behaviouralscienceisbeginningtoaddevidencetowhatreligionshavelongunderstood-virtuedevelopsbestinrelationalcommunities.Notshorttermcommunitiesofselfinterestmadeupof“peoplelikeus”,butawkward,diverse,gracefilledcommunities,establishedforthelongterm.TheNewTestamentencouragesChristianstobepartofcommunitieslikethese,toencourageoneanother,bearwitheachotherandcreatespaceforthehardconversations.Tokeepremindingeachotherofthevirtuesthatmatterandthethingsthatlast.Thesekindofcommunitiesaren'tofcourseuniquetoChristianity,andtheyareoftenfarfromperfect,butifwewanttoberememberednotforourfleetingachievementsbutourdepthofcharacter,theymightbethebesthopewehave.昨天，在下議院，查爾斯?肯尼迪的同事為他的一生發(fā)表了催人淚下的悼詞。當(dāng)然，死者為大，沒(méi)有人會(huì)在死者尸骨未寒時(shí)說(shuō)別人的不是。但是這些悼詞很明顯是真誠(chéng)的。大衛(wèi)?卡梅倫說(shuō)他的“品格和勇氣鼓舞了我們所有人”，尼克?克萊格說(shuō)他總是把民眾放在政治前面。在下議院外，他的同事和朋友多次提到他的同情心，政治和原則性，并不斷與人類酗酒的劣根性做斗爭(zhēng)。查爾斯?肯尼迪似乎體現(xiàn)了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》專欄作家DavidBrooks所說(shuō)的“悼詞美德”。在他最近的書《通往品格的道路》中，Brooks將善良，忠誠(chéng)等悼詞美德與他所說(shuō)的簡(jiǎn)歷美德做了對(duì)比——也就是我們寫在簡(jiǎn)歷上的品德。他相信，悼詞美德和簡(jiǎn)歷美德都需要發(fā)揚(yáng)。他擔(dān)心西方世界導(dǎo)致我們努力塑造幫助我們職業(yè)發(fā)展的品德，而不是幫助性格成長(zhǎng)的品德。我們又要說(shuō)一個(gè)老生常談的問(wèn)題——怎樣才是好的生活?在宣揚(yáng)金錢至上，追求社會(huì)地位，根據(jù)收入，財(cái)產(chǎn)和外表來(lái)定義我們的浮躁社會(huì)，我們?cè)鯓硬拍苌钊肫饰鲎约旱膬?nèi)心世界?DavidBrook呼吁我們努力塑造品格，在自我吹噓的環(huán)境中培養(yǎng)自制和自審的品格，這并無(wú)爭(zhēng)議。很明顯，當(dāng)我們停下來(lái)認(rèn)真思考的時(shí)候，我們真正寶貴的財(cái)產(chǎn)并不是我們的職位，推特粉絲或沒(méi)有脂肪的大腿。但是在自我的萬(wàn)有引力如此強(qiáng)大的情況下，我們?cè)鯓优囵B(yǎng)悼詞美德?基督徒們將最先站出來(lái)承認(rèn)這些美德并不是與生俱來(lái)的。基督教教義認(rèn)為，改變是在脆弱忠誠(chéng)的關(guān)系中發(fā)生的。要克服殘暴的自我，我們必須承認(rèn)我們的脆弱和最黑暗的本性——首先是對(duì)上帝，然后是對(duì)自己。行為科學(xué)不斷有證據(jù)表明各宗教很久以前就已經(jīng)理解的問(wèn)題——道德在關(guān)系社會(huì)中發(fā)展得最快。不是由“跟我一樣的人”組成的短暫的利益團(tuán)體，而是長(zhǎng)期的，尷尬的，多樣化的人組成的團(tuán)體。＜＜新約圣經(jīng)＞＞鼓勵(lì)基督徒成為這樣的團(tuán)體的一部分，鼓勵(lì)大家相互容忍，為艱難的對(duì)話打造空間?；ハ嗵嵝逊浅Ｖ匾牡赖潞陀篮愠志玫氖虑?。當(dāng)然，這些團(tuán)體并不是對(duì)基督教來(lái)說(shuō)獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，而通常并不完美，但是，如果我們不是想要人們記住卓越的成就，而是希望人們記住我們的品德，這或許是我們最大的希望。詞匯解釋：1.movingadj.感人的Itisverymovingtoseehowmuchstrangerscancareforeachother...看到陌生人之間這般彼此關(guān)照，實(shí)在令人感動(dòng)。2.inspirevt.鼓舞Theseherbswillinspireyoutotryoutallsortsofexotic-flavoureddishes!這些香草會(huì)激發(fā)你去品嘗各種異國(guó)風(fēng)味的菜肴!3.repeatedlyadv.反復(fù)地，重復(fù)地Alistofitemsisrepeatedlyflasheduponthescreen.一個(gè)選項(xiàng)列表反復(fù)出現(xiàn)在屏幕上。4.ongoingadj.不間斷的，進(jìn)行的Thereisanongoingdebateontheissue.對(duì)此問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)論一直沒(méi)有間斷過(guò)。convincevt.使相信，說(shuō)服I'mnotgoingtobelieveitmyself,nevermindconvinceanyoneelse.我自己都不會(huì)相信，更別提說(shuō)服別人了。clamourn.喧嘩聲，喧鬧Sh