全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯6-8

全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯6-8全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯6-8全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯6-8資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯6-8版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：unit6TheLastLeafWhenJohnsyfellseriouslyill,sheseemedtolosethewilltohangontolife.Thedoctorheldoutlittlehopeforher.Herfriendsseemedhelpless.Wastherenothingtobedone約翰西病情嚴(yán)重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。醫(yī)生對她不抱什么希望。朋友們看來也愛莫能助。難道真的就無可奈何了嗎1Atthetopofathree-storybrickbuilding,SueandJohnsyhadtheirstudio."Johnsy"wasfamiliarforJoanna.OnewasfromMaine;theotherfromCalifornia.TheyhadmetatacafeonEighthStreetandfoundtheirtastesinart,chicorysaladandbishopsleevessomuchintunethatthejointstudioresulted.在一幢三層磚樓的頂層，蘇和約翰西辟了個畫室?！凹s翰西”是喬安娜的昵稱。她們一位來自緬因州，一位來自加利福尼亞。兩人相遇在第八大街的一個咖啡館，發(fā)現(xiàn)各自在藝術(shù)品味、菊苣色拉，以及燈籠袖等方面趣味相投，于是就有了這個兩人畫室。2ThatwasinMay.InNovemberacold,unseenstranger,whomthedoctorscalledPneumonia,stalkedaboutthedistrict,touchingonehereandtherewithhisicyfingers.Johnsywasamonghisvictims.Shelay,scarcelymovingonherbed,lookingthroughthesmallwindowattheblanksideofthenextbrickhouse.那是5月里的事。到了11月，一個醫(yī)生稱之為肺炎的陰森的隱形客闖入了這一地區(qū)，用它冰冷的手指東碰西觸。約翰西也為其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上幾乎一動不動，只能隔著小窗望著隔壁磚房那單調(diào)沉悶的側(cè)墻。3OnemorningthebusydoctorinvitedSueintothehallwaywithabushy,grayeyebrow.一天上午，忙碌的醫(yī)生揚了揚灰白的濃眉，示意蘇來到過道。4"Shehasonechanceinten,"hesaid."Andthatchanceisforhertowanttolive.Yourlittleladyhasmadeuphermindthatshe'snotgoingtogetwell.Hassheanythingonhermind

“她只有一成希望，”他說?！澳沁€得看她自己是不是想活下去。你這位女朋友已經(jīng)下決心不想好了。她有什么心事嗎？”5"She--shewantedtopainttheBayofNaplessomeday,"saidSue.“她――她想有一天能去畫那不勒斯灣，”蘇說。6"Paint--bosh!Hassheanythingonhermindworththinkingabouttwice--aman,forinstance"

“畫畫？――得了。她有沒有別的事值得她留戀的――比如說，一個男人？”7"Aman"saidSue."Isamanworth--but,no,doctor;thereisnothingofthekind."“男人？”蘇說。“難道一個男人就值得――可是，她沒有啊，大夫，沒有這碼子事?！?"Well,"saidthedoctor."Iwilldoallthatsciencecanaccomplish.ButwhenevermypatientbeginstocountthecarriagesinherfuneralprocessionIsubtract50percentfromthecurativepowerofmedicines."AfterthedoctorhadgoneSuewentintotheworkroomandcried.ThenshemarchedintoJohnsy'sroomwithherdrawingboard,whistlingamerrytune.“好吧，”大夫說?！拔視M一切努力，只要是科學(xué)能做到的?？墒?，但凡病人開始計算她出殯的行列里有幾輛馬車的時候，我就要把醫(yī)藥的療效減去一半?！贝蠓蜃吆?，蘇去工作室哭了一場。隨后她攜著畫板大步走進(jìn)約翰西的房間，口里吹著輕快的口哨。9Johnsylay,scarcelymakingamovementunderthebedclothes,withherfacetowardthewindow.Shewaslookingoutandcounting--countingbackward.約翰西躺在被子下幾乎一動不動，臉朝著窗。她望著窗外，數(shù)著數(shù)――倒數(shù)著數(shù)！10"Twelve,"shesaid,andalittlelater"eleven";andthen"ten,"and"nine";andthen"eight"and"seven,"almosttogether.“12，”她數(shù)道，過了一會兒“11”，接著數(shù)“10”和“9”；再數(shù)“8”11Suelookedoutofthewindow.Whatwastheretocount

Therewasonlyabare,drearyyardtobeseen,andtheblanksideofthebrickhousetwentyfeetaway.Anold,oldivyvineclimbedhalfwayupthebrickwall.Thecoldbreathofautumnhadblownawayitsleaves,leavingitalmostbare.

蘇朝窗外望去。外面有什么好數(shù)的呢？外面只看到一個空蕩蕩的沉悶的院子，還有20英尺開外那磚房的側(cè)墻，上面什么也沒有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墻高。蕭瑟秋風(fēng)吹落了枝葉，藤上幾乎光禿禿的。12"Six,"saidJohnsy,inalmostawhisper."They'refallingfasternow.Threedaysagotherewerealmostahundred.Itmademyheadachetocountthem.Butnowit'seasy.Theregoesanotherone.Thereareonlyfiveleftnow."“6”，約翰西數(shù)著，聲音幾乎聽不出來?！艾F(xiàn)在葉子掉落得快多了。三天前差不多還有100片。數(shù)得我頭都疼?？涩F(xiàn)在容易了。又掉了一片。這下子只剩5片了?！?3"Fivewhat,dear"“5片什么，親愛的？”14"Leaves.Ontheivyvine.WhenthelastonefallsImustgo,too.I'veknownthatforthreedays.Didn'tthedoctortellyou"

“葉子。常青藤上的葉子。等最后一片葉子掉了，我也就得走了。三天前我就知道會這樣。大夫沒跟你說嗎？”15"Oh,Ineverheardofsuchnonsense.WhathaveoldivyleavestodowithyourgettingwellDon'tbesosilly.Why,thedoctortoldmethismorningthatyourchancesforgettingwellrealsoonweretentoone!Trytotakesomesoupnow,andletSudiegoandbuyportwineforhersickchild."“噢，我從沒聽說過這種胡說八道。常青藤葉子跟你病好不好有什么關(guān)系？別這么傻。對了，大夫上午跟我說，你的病十有八九就快好了?？旌刃屘K迪給她生病的孩子去買些波爾圖葡萄酒來?！?6"Youneedn'tgetanymorewine,"saidJohnsy,keepinghereyesfixedoutthewindow."Theregoesanother.No,Idon'twantanysoup.Thatleavesjustfour.Iwanttoseethelastonefallbeforeitgetsdark.ThenI'llgo,too.I'mtiredofwaiting.I'mtiredofthinking.Iwanttoturnloosemyholdoneverything,andgosailingdown,down,justlikeoneofthosepoor,tiredleaves."“你不用再去買酒了，”約翰西說道，兩眼一直盯著窗外?！坝值袅艘黄?。不，我不想喝湯。這一下只剩下4片了。我要在天黑前看到最后一片葉子掉落。那時我也就跟著走了。我都等膩了。也想膩了。我只想撇開一切,飄然而去，就像那邊一片可憐的疲倦的葉子?！?7"Trytosleep,"saidSue."ImustcallBehrmanuptobemymodelfortheoldminer.I'llnotbegoneaminute."“快睡吧，”蘇說?！拔业媒胸悹柭蠘莵斫o我當(dāng)老礦工模特兒。我去去就來。”18OldBehrmanwasapainterwholivedonthegroundfloorbeneaththem.Hewaspastsixtyandhadalongwhitebeardcurlingdownoverhischest.Despitelookingthepart,Behrmanwasafailureinart.Forfortyyearshehadbeenalwaysabouttopaintamasterpiece,buthadneveryetbegunit.Heearnedalittlebyservingasamodeltothoseyoungartistswhocouldnotpaythepriceofaprofessional.Hedrankgintoexcess,andstilltalkedofhiscomingmasterpiece.Fortheresthewasafiercelittleoldman,whomockedterriblyatsoftnessinanyone,andwhoregardedhimselfasguarddogtothetwoyoungartistsinthestudioabove.老貝爾曼是住在兩人樓下底層的一個畫家。他已年過六旬，銀白色蜷曲的長髯披掛胸前。貝爾曼看上去挺像藝術(shù)家，但在藝術(shù)上卻沒有什么成就。40年來他一直想創(chuàng)作一幅傳世之作，卻始終沒能動手。他給那些請不起職業(yè)模特的青年畫家當(dāng)模特掙點小錢。他沒節(jié)制地喝酒，談?wù)撝羌磳柺赖牟恍嘀?。要說其他方面，他是個好斗的小老頭，要是誰表現(xiàn)出一點軟弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是樓上畫室里兩位年輕藝術(shù)家的看護(hù)人。19SuefoundBehrmansmellingstronglyofgininhisdimlylightedstudiobelow.Inonecornerwasablankcanvasonaneaselthathadbeenwaitingtherefortwenty-fiveyearstoreceivethefirstlineofthemasterpiece.ShetoldhimofJohnsy'sfancy,andhowshefearedshewould,indeed,lightandfragileasaleafherself,floataway,whenherslightholdupontheworldgrewweaker.OldBehrman,withhisredeyesplainlystreaming,shoutedhiscontemptforsuchfoolishimaginings.蘇在樓下光線暗淡的畫室里找到了貝爾曼，他滿身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的畫架上支著一張從未落過筆的畫布，在那兒擱了25年，等著一幅杰作的起筆。蘇把約翰西的怪念頭跟他說了，并說約翰西本身就像一片葉子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再軟下去的話，真的會凋零飄落。老貝爾曼雙眼通紅，顯然是淚漣漣的，他大聲叫嚷著說他蔑視這種傻念頭。20"What!"hecried."AretherepeopleintheworldfoolishenoughtodiebecauseleafsdropofffromavineIhaveneverheardofsuchathing.WhydoyouallowsuchsillyideastocomeintothatheadofhersGod!ThisisnotaplaceinwhichonesogoodasMissJohnsyshouldliesick.SomedayIwillpaintamasterpiece,andweshallallgoaway.Yes."“什么！”他嚷道。“世界上竟然有這么愚蠢的人，因為樹葉從藤上掉落就要去死我聽都沒聽說過這等事。你怎么讓這種傻念頭鉆到她那個怪腦袋里天哪！這不是一個像約翰西小姐這樣的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要畫一幅巨作，那時候我們就離開這里。真的?！?1Johnsywassleepingwhentheywentupstairs.Suepulledtheshadedown,andmotionedBehrmanintotheotherroom.Intheretheypeeredoutthewindowfearfullyattheivyvine.Thentheylookedateachotherforamomentwithoutspeaking.Apersistent,coldrainwasfalling,mingledwithsnow.Behrman,inhisoldblueshirt,tookhisseatasthemineronanupturnedkettleforarock.兩人上了樓，約翰西已經(jīng)睡著了。蘇放下窗簾，示意貝爾曼去另一個房間。在那兒兩人惶惶不安地凝視著窗外的常青藤。接著兩人面面相覷，啞然無語。外面冷雨夾雪，淅淅瀝瀝。貝爾曼穿著破舊的藍(lán)色襯衣,坐在充當(dāng)?shù)V石的倒置的水壺上，擺出礦工的架勢。22WhenSueawokefromanhour'ssleepthenextmorningshefoundJohnsywithdull,wide-openeyesstaringatthedrawngreenshade.第二天早上，只睡了一個小時的蘇醒來看到約翰西睜大著無神的雙眼，凝望著拉下的綠色窗簾。23"Pullitup;Iwanttosee,"sheordered,inawhisper.“把窗簾拉起來；我要看，”她低聲命令道。24WearilySueobeyed.蘇帶著疲倦，遵命拉起窗簾。25But,Lo!afterthebeatingrainandfiercewindthathadenduredthroughthenight,thereyetstoodoutagainstthebrickwalloneivyleaf.Itwasthelastonthevine.Stilldarkgreennearitsstem,butwithitsedgescoloredyellow,ithungbravelyfromabranchsometwentyfeetabovetheground.可是，瞧！經(jīng)過一整夜的急風(fēng)驟雨，竟然還存留一片常青藤葉，背靠磚墻，格外顯目。這是常青藤上的最后一片葉子。近梗部位仍呈暗綠色，但邊緣已經(jīng)泛黃了，它無所畏懼地掛在離地20多英尺高的枝干上。26"Itisthelastone,"saidJohnsy."Ithoughtitwouldsurelyfallduringthenight.Iheardthewind.Itwillfalltoday,andIshalldieatthesametime."“這是最后一片葉子，”約翰西說?！拔乙詾橐估锼隙〞袈涞?。我晚上聽到大風(fēng)呼嘯。今天它會掉落的，葉子掉的時候，也是我死的時候?！?7Thedayworeaway,andeventhroughthetwilighttheycouldseetheloneivyleafclingingtoitsstemagainstthewall.Andthen,withthecomingofthenightthenorthwindwasagainloosed.白天慢慢過去了，即便在暮色黃昏之中，他們?nèi)阅芸吹侥瞧铝懔愕某Ｇ嗵偃~子，背靠磚墻，緊緊抱住梗莖。爾后，隨著夜幕的降臨，又是北風(fēng)大作。28WhenitwaslightenoughJohnsy,themerciless,commandedthattheshadeberaised.等天色亮起，冷酷無情的約翰西命令將窗簾拉起。29Theivyleafwasstillthere.常青藤葉依然挺在。30Johnsylayforalongtimelookingatit.AndthenshecalledtoSue,whowasstirringherchickensoupoverthegasstove.約翰西躺在那兒，望著它許久許久。接著她大聲呼喚正在煤氣灶上攪雞湯的蘇。31"I'vebeenabadgirl,Sudie,"saidJohnsy."SomethinghasmadethatlastleafstaytheretoshowmehowwickedIwas.Itisasintowanttodie.Youmaybringmealittlesoupnow,andsomemilkwithalittleportinitand--no;bringmeahand-mirrorfirst,andthenpacksomepillowsaboutme,andIwillsitupandwatchyoucook."“我一直像個不乖的孩子，蘇迪，”約翰西說?！坝幸环N力量讓那最后一片葉子不掉，好讓我看到自己有多壞。想死是一種罪過。你給我喝點湯吧，再來點牛奶，稍放一點波爾圖葡萄酒――不，先給我拿面小鏡子來，弄幾個枕頭墊在我身邊，我要坐起來看你做菜。”32Anhourlatershesaid:一個小時之后，她說：33"Sudie,somedayIhopetopainttheBayof“蘇迪，我真想有一天去畫那不勒斯海灣?！?4Thedoctorcameintheafternoon,andSuehadanexcusetogointothehallwayasheleft.下午大夫來了，他走時蘇找了個借口跟進(jìn)了過道。35"Evenchances,"saidthedoctor,takingSue'sthin,shakinghandinhis.“現(xiàn)在是勢均力敵，”大夫說著，握了握蘇纖細(xì)顫抖的手。36"Withgoodnursingyou'llwin.AndnowImustseeanothercaseIhavedownstairs.Behrman,hisnameis--somekindofanartist,Ibelieve.Pneumonia,too.Heisanold,weakman,andtheattackisacute.Thereisnohopeforhim;buthegoestothehospitaltodaytobemademorecomfortable."“只要精心照料，你就贏了。現(xiàn)在我得去樓下看另外一個病人了。貝爾曼，是他的名字――記得是個什么畫家。也是肺炎。他年老體弱，病來勢又猛。他是沒救了。不過今天他去了醫(yī)院，照料得會好一點?！?7ThenextdaythedoctorsaidtoSue:"She'soutofdanger.You'vewon.Therightfoodandcarenow--that'sall."第二天，大夫?qū)μK說：“她脫離危險了。你贏了。注意飲食，好好照顧，就行了?！?8AndthatafternoonSuecametothebedwhereJohnsylayandputonearmaroundher.當(dāng)日下午，蘇來到約翰西的床頭，用一只手臂摟住她。39"Ihavesomethingtotellyou,whitemouse,"shesaid."Mr.Behrmandiedofpneumoniatodayinthehospital.Hewasillonlytwodays.Hewasfoundonthemorningofthefirstdayinhisroomdownstairshelplesswithpain.Hisshoesandclothingwerewetthroughandicycold.Theycouldn'timaginewherehehadbeenonsuchaterriblenight.Andthentheyfoundalantern,stilllighted,andaladderthathadbeendraggedfromitsplace,andsomescatteredbrushes,andapalettewithgreenandyellowcolorsmixedonit,and--lookoutthewindow,dear,atthelastivyleafonthewall.Didn'tyouwonderwhyitneverflutteredormovedwhenthewindblew

Ah,darling,it'sBehrman'smasterpiece--hepaintedittherethenightthatthelastleaffell."

“我跟你說件事，小白鼠，”她說?！柏悹柭壬裉煸卺t(yī)院里得肺炎去世了。他得病才兩天。發(fā)病那天上午人家在樓下他的房間里發(fā)現(xiàn)他疼得利害。他的鞋子衣服都濕透了，冰冷冰冷的。他們想不出那么糟糕的天氣他夜里會去哪兒。后來他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個燈籠，還亮著，還有一個梯子被拖了出來，另外還有些散落的畫筆，一個調(diào)色板，和著黃綠兩種顏色，――看看窗外，寶貝兒，看看墻上那最后一片常青藤葉子。它在刮風(fēng)的時候一動也不動，你沒有覺得奇怪嗎？啊，親愛的，那是貝爾曼的杰作――最后一片葉子掉落的那天夜里他畫上了這片葉子。”Hedidnottrustthewomantotrusthim.Andhedidnottrustthewomannottotrusthim.Andhedidnotwanttobemistrustednow.他不敢相信這個女人居然會信任自己。他也不認(rèn)為這個女人就不信任自己。不過，現(xiàn)在他不想失去別人對自己的信任。unit7LifeofaSalesmanMakingalivingasadoor-to-doorsalesmandemandsathickskin,bothtoprotectagainsttheweatherandagainstconstantlyhavingthedoorshutinyourface.BillPorterputsupwithallthisandmuch,muchmore.干挨家挨戶上門推銷這一營生得臉皮厚，這是因為干這一行不僅要經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹日曬，還要承受一次又一次的閉門羹。比爾·波特忍受著這一切，以及別的種種折磨。LifeofaSalesmanTomHallmanJr.1Thealarmrings.It's5:45.Hecouldlingerunderthecovers,listeningtotheradioandaweathermanwhopredictsrain.Peoplewouldunderstand.Heknowsthat.一個推銷員的生活小湯姆·霍爾曼鬧鐘響了。是清晨5：45。他可以在被子里再躺一會兒，聽聽無線電廣播。天氣預(yù)報員預(yù)報有雨。人們會理解的。這點他清楚。2Asurgeon'sscarcutsacrosshislowerback.Thefingersonhisrighthandaresotwistedthathecan'ttiehisshoes.Somedays,hefeelslikesurrendering.Buthisdeadmother'schallengeechoesinhissoul.So,too,dothevoicesofthosewhobelievedhimstupid,incapableoflivingindependently.Allhislifehe'sstruggledtoprovethemwrong.Hewillnotquit.3AndsoBillPorterrises.他的下背有一道手術(shù)疤痕。他右手的手指嚴(yán)重扭曲，連鞋帶都沒法系。有時，他真想放棄不干了?？稍谒麅?nèi)心深處，一直回響著已故老母的激勵,還有那些說他蠢，說他不能獨立生活的人的聲音。他一生都在拚命去證明他們錯了。他決不能放棄不干。于是比爾·波特起身了。4HetakesthefirstunsteadystepsonajourneytoPortland'sstreets,thebattlefieldwherehefightsaloneforhisindependenceanddignity.He'sadoor-to-doorsalesman.Sixty-threeyearsold.Andhisenemies--acrippledbodythatbetrayshimandachangingworldthatnolongerneedshim--aregainingonhim.他搖搖晃晃邁出了去波特蘭大街的頭幾步，波特蘭大街是他為獨立與尊嚴(yán)而孤身搏殺的戰(zhàn)場。他是個挨家挨戶上門推銷的推銷員，今年63歲。他的敵人――辜負(fù)他的殘疾的身體和一個不再需要他的變化著的世界――正一步一步把他逼向絕境。5Withtremblinghandsheassembleshisweapons:darkslacks,blueshirtandmatchingjacket,browntie,tanraincoatandhat.Image,hebelieves,iseverything.他用顫抖的雙手收拾行裝：深色寬松褲，藍(lán)襯衣和與之相配的茄克衫，褐色領(lǐng)帶，土褐色雨衣和帽子。在他看來，形象就是一切。6Hestopsintheentryway,picksuphisbriefcaseandstepsoutside.Afallwindhaskickedup.Theweathermanwasright.Hepullshisraincoattighter.7Hetiltshishatjustso.他在門口停了一下，提起公文包，走了出去。秋風(fēng)驟起，冷颼颼的。天氣預(yù)報員說得沒錯。他將雨衣裹裹緊。他把帽子往一側(cè)微微一斜。8Onthe7:45busthatstopsacrossthestreet,heleaveshisbriefcasenexttothedriverandfindsaseatinthemiddleofapackofboredteenagers.在街對面停靠的7：45那班公共汽車上，他把公文包放在司機(jī)身旁，在一群沒精打采的十幾歲的孩子當(dāng)中找了個位子坐下。9Heleansforward,starestowardthedriver,sitsback,thenrepeatstheprocess.Hisnervousnessmakeshimlaughuncontrollably.Theteenagersstareathim.Theydon'trealizePorter'safraidsomeonewillstealhisbriefcase,withtheglasses,brochures,orderformsandclip-ontiethatheneedstosurvive.他身子往前一傾，盯著司機(jī)那兒望，然后靠著椅背坐下，接著他又反復(fù)這個過程。他心情緊張，控制不住自己而笑出聲來。那些孩子望著他。他們不明白，波特是擔(dān)心有人偷他的包，包里有他生存不可缺少的眼鏡，宣傳小冊子，定單，以及可用別針別上的領(lǐng)帶。10Portersensesthestares.Helooksatthefloor.波特意識到了小孩子在盯著他看。他把目光轉(zhuǎn)向車廂地板。11Hisfacerevealsnothing.Inhisheart,though,heknowsheshouldhavebeenlikethesekids,likeeveryoneonthisbus.He'snotangry.Butheknows.Hismotherexplainedhowthedeliveryhadbeendifficult,howthedoctorhadusedaninstrumentthatcrushedasectionofhisbrainandcausedcerebralpalsy,adisorderofthenervoussystemthataffectshisspeech,handsandwalk.他臉上沒有流露出任何神情。但在他心里，他知道自己本該和這些孩子一樣，和車上其他所有人一樣。他并不生氣。但他心里明白。他母親解釋說生他時難產(chǎn)，醫(yī)生使用了某種器械，損壞了他大腦的一部分，導(dǎo)致了大腦性麻痹，一種影響他說話，手部活動以及行走的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的紊亂。12PortercametoPortlandwhenhewas13afterhisfather,asalesman,wastransferredhere.HeattendedaschoolforthedisabledandthenLincolnHighSchool,wherehewasplacedinaclassforslowkids.波特13歲那年隨著當(dāng)推銷員的父親工作調(diào)動來到波特蘭。他上了一個殘疾人學(xué)校，后來就讀林肯高級中學(xué)，在那兒他被編入慢班。13Buthewasn'tslow.但他并不笨。14Hismindwastrappedinabodythatdidn'twork.Speakingwasdifficultandtooktime.Peoplewereimpatientanddidn'tlisten.Hefeltdifferent--wasdifferent--fromthekidswhorushedaboutinthehallsandplanneddanceshewouldneverattend.他由于身體不能正常運行而使腦子不能充分發(fā)揮其功能。他說話困難，而且慢。別人不耐煩，不聽他說。他覺得自己不同于――事實上也確實不同于――那些在過道里東奔西跑的孩子，那些孩子安排的舞會他永遠(yuǎn)也不可能參加。15WhatcouldhisfuturebePorterwantedtodosomethingandhismotherwascertainthathecouldriseabovehislimitations.Withherencouragement,heappliedforajobwiththeFullerBrushCo.onlytobeturneddown.Hecouldn'tcarryaproductbriefcaseorwalkaroute,theysaid.他將來會是個什么樣子呢？波特想做些事，母親也相信他能沖破身體的局限。在她的鼓勵之下，他向福勒牙刷公司申請一份工作，結(jié)果卻遭到拒絕。他不能提樣品包，也不能跑一條推銷線路，他們說。16Porterknewhewantedtobeasalesman.Hebeganreadinghelpwantedadsinthenewspaper.WhenhesawoneforWatkins,acompanythatsoldhouseholdproductsdoor-to-door,hismothersetupameetingwitharepresentative.Themansaidno,butPorterwouldn'tlisten.Hejustwantedachance.ThemangaveinandofferedPorterasectionofthecitythatnosalesmanwanted.波特知道自己想當(dāng)推銷員。他開始閱讀報紙上的招聘廣告。他看到沃特金斯，一家上門推銷家用物品的公司要人，他母親就跟其代理人安排會面。那人說不行，可波特不予理會。他就是需要一個機(jī)會。那人讓步了，把城里一個其他推銷員都不要的區(qū)域派給了他。17IttookPorterfourfalsestartsbeforehefoundthecouragetoringthefirstdoorbell.Themanwhoansweredtoldhimtogoaway,apatternrepeatedthroughouttheday.波特一開始四次都沒敢敲門，第五次才鼓起勇氣按了第一戶人家的門鈴。開門的那人讓他走開，這種情形持續(xù)了一整天。18ThatnightPorterreadthroughcompanyliteratureanddiscoveredtheproductswereguaranteed.Hewouldsellthatpledge.Hejustneededpeopletolisten.當(dāng)晚，波特仔細(xì)閱讀了公司的宣傳資料，發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品都是保用的。他要把保用作為賣點。只要別人肯聽他說話就成。19Ifacustomerturnedhimdown,Porterkeptcomingbackuntiltheyheardhim.Andhesold.要是客戶回絕波特，拒絕傾聽他的介紹，他就一再上門。就這樣他將產(chǎn)品賣了出去。20ForseveralyearshewasWatkins'topretailsalesman.Nowheistheonlyoneofthecompany's44,000salespeoplewhosellsdoor-to-door.他連著幾年都是沃特金斯公司的最佳零售推銷員。如今他是該公司44000名推銷員中惟一一個上門推銷的人。21ThebusstopsintheTransitMall,andPortergetsoff.公共汽車在公交中轉(zhuǎn)購物中心站停下，波特下了車。22Hisbodyisnotmadeforwalking.Eachstepstrainshisjoints.Headachesareconstantvisitors.Hisrightarmisnearlyuseless.Hecan'tfullycontrolthelimb.Hisbodytiltsatthewaist;heseemstobeheadingintoastrong,steadywindthatkeepshimoffbalance.Attimes,helookslikeatoddlertakinghisfirststeps.他的身體不適合行走。每走一步關(guān)節(jié)都疼。頭疼也是習(xí)以為常的事。他的右臂幾乎沒用。他不能完全控制這只手臂。他的身體從腰部開始前傾，看上去就像是頂著一股強(qiáng)勁的吹個不停的風(fēng)邁步向前，風(fēng)似乎要把他刮倒。有時他看上去就像是個剛剛學(xué)步的孩童。23Hewalks10milesaday.他每天要走10英里的路程。24Hisfirststoptoday,likeeveryday,isashoeshinestandwhereemployeestiehislaces.Twiceaweekhepaysforashine.AtanearbyhoteloneofthedoormenbuttonsPorter'stopshirtbuttonandslipsonhisclip-ontie.Hethenwalkstoanotherbusthatdropshimoffamilefromhisterritory.像平日一樣，他今天的第一站是個擦鞋攤，這里的雇員替他系好鞋帶。他每周請他們擦兩次鞋。附近一家旅館的門衛(wèi)替他扣上襯衣最上面一粒紐扣，戴上用別針別上的領(lǐng)帶。隨后他步行去搭乘另一部巴士，在距離他的推銷區(qū)域一英里處下車。25Helefthomenearlythreehoursago.他是差不多3個小時前從家里動身的。26Thewindiscoldandraindropsfall.Porterstopsatthefirsthouse.Thisisthemomenthe'sbeenpreparingforsince5:45a.m.Heringsthebell.風(fēng)冷雨淋。波特在第一戶人家門前停了下來。這是他從5：45分開始就為之準(zhǔn)備的時刻。他按了門鈴。27Awomancomestothedoor.一位婦人開了門。28"Hello."29"No,thankyou,I'mjustpreparingtoleave."30Porternods.31"MayIcomebacklater"

heasks.

32"No,"saysthewoman.33Sheshutsthedoor.34Porter'seyesrevealnothing.35Hemovestothenexthouse.36Thedooropens.37Thencloses.“你好?！薄安?，多謝了。我這就要出門?！辈ㄌ攸c點頭?！澳俏疫^會兒來，可以嗎？”他問?！安挥昧耍蹦菋D人回答道。她關(guān)上了門。波特眼里沒有流露絲毫神情。他轉(zhuǎn)向下一個人家。門開了。隨即又關(guān)上。38Hedoesn'tgetachancetospeak.Porter'sexpressionneverchanges.Hestopsateveryhomeinhisterritory.Peoplemightnotbuynow.Nexttime.Maybe.Nodoesn'tmeannever.Someofhisbestcustomersarepeoplewhorepeatedlyturnedhimdownbeforebuying.他連開口說話的機(jī)會都沒有。波特的表情從不改變。他敲開自己推銷區(qū)內(nèi)的每一個家門。人們現(xiàn)在可能不買什么。也許下一次會買?，F(xiàn)在不買不等于永遠(yuǎn)不買。他的一些老客戶都是那些多次把他拒之門外而后來才買的人。39Hemakeshiswaydownthestreet.40"Idon'twanttotryit."41"Maybenexttime."42"I'msorry.I'monthephonerightnow."43"No."他沿著街道往前走?！拔也幌朐囉眠@個產(chǎn)品?！薄耙苍S下次試一試?！薄皩Σ黄?。我在打電話?！薄安灰??！?4Ninetyminuteslater,Porterstillhasnotmadeasale.Butthereisalwaysanotherhome.45Hewalkson.46Heknocksonadoor.Awomanappearsfromthebackyardwhereshe'sgardening.Sheoftenbuys,butnottoday,shesays,asshewalksaway.47"Areyousure"Porterasks.48Shepauses.49"Well..."90分鐘之后，波特仍沒能賣出一件物品。不過，下面有的是人家。他繼續(xù)向前走。他敲響一扇門。一位正在拾掇花園的婦女從后院走了出來。她常常買他的東西，不過今天不買，她說著走開了?！澳阏娴牟毁I什么？”波特問。她遲疑了一下?！澳敲础?0That'sallPorterneeds.Hewalksasfastashecan,tailingherassheheadstothebackyard.Hesetshisbriefcasedownandopensit.Heputsonhisglasses,removeshisbrochuresandbeginshissalestalk,showingthewomanpicturesanddescribingeachproduct.波特要的就是這一遲疑。他盡可能快步上前，跟著她朝后院走去。他放下公文包，打了開來。他戴上眼鏡，拿出產(chǎn)品介紹小冊子，開始推銷，給那位婦人看圖片，詳細(xì)介紹每一個產(chǎn)品。51Spices52"No."53Jams54"No.Maybenothingtoday,Bill."55Porter'shearingistheoneperfectthinghisbodydoes.Exceptwhenhegetsaliveone.Thentheword"no"doesnotregister.調(diào)料“不要?！惫u“不要?？峙陆裉觳灰裁?，比爾。”波特的聽覺是他身上惟一沒有一點毛病的功能。只有當(dāng)他察覺對方有可能買他東西的時候才會發(fā)生例外。這個時候，他是聽不見“不”字的。56Pepper57"No."58Laundrysoap59"Hmm."60Porterstops.Hesmellsblood.Hequicklyremembersherlastorder.61"Say,aren'tyouaboutoutofsoapThat'swhatyouboughtlasttime.Yououghttobeoutrightaboutnow."62"You'reright,Bill.I'lltakeone."胡椒粉“不要。”洗衣皂“嗯?！辈ㄌ赝Ａ讼聛怼Ｋ岬搅双C物。他很快記起了她上次的訂單?！皩α?，你肥皂差不多用完了吧？你上次買的就是這個?，F(xiàn)在該差不多用完了?！薄皼]錯，比爾。我買一塊。”63Hearriveshome,inarainstorm,after7p.m.Todaywasnotprofitable.Hetellshimselfnottoworry.Fourdaysleftintheweek.晚上7點過后，他在暴風(fēng)雨中回到了家。今天沒賺錢。他跟自己說別著急。這個星期還有4天呢。64Atleasthe'soffhisfeetandhome.至少他回到了家，不用再站立了。65Inside,aneraispreserved.Thetelephoneisaheavy,rotarymodel.ThereisnoVCR,nocable.屋內(nèi)，儼然是保存完好的一個舊時代。電話是笨重的撥盤式的那種。沒有錄像放映機(jī)，沒有有線電視。66Hisistheonlyhouseintheneighborhoodwithatelevisionantennaontheroof.他家是附近惟一一家屋頂上支著電視接收天線的人家。67Heleadsasolitarylife.Mostofhishumancontactcomesonthejob.Now,heheatstheovenandslipsinafrozendinnerbecauseit'seasytofix.他過著離群索居的生活。他跟別人的來往大都限于工作上。他打開了烤爐，放了一盒冷藏食品進(jìn)去，因為這樣做飯方便。68Thejobusuallytakeshim10hours.他的工作通常要花去他10個小時。69He'sawearymanwhoknowshisdays--nomatterwhathisintentions--arenumbered.他身心疲憊，知道來日無多了――不管他愿不愿意。70Heworksonstraightcommission.Hegetsnopaidholidays,vacationsorraises.Yes,somemonthsarelean.他的收入完全依靠傭金。他沒有帶薪假期，沒有度假，也沒有加薪。的確，有些月份收入相當(dāng)微薄。71In1993,heneededbacksurgerytorelievepaincausedfromdecadesofwalking.Hewaslaidupforfivemonthsandcouldn'twork.Hewasforcedtosellhishouse.Thenewowners,familiarwithhissituation,frozehisrentandagreedtolethimlivethereuntilhedies.1993年，他需要作背部手術(shù)，以減輕數(shù)十年行走引起的疼痛。他臥床五個月，無法工作。他被迫出售房子。房子的新主人了解他的處境，凍結(jié)了他的房租，并答應(yīng)讓他在有生之年繼續(xù)住在那里。72Hedoesn'tfeelsorryforhimself.73Thehouseisonlyabuilding.Aplacetolive,nothingmore.74Hisdinnerisready.Heeatsatthekitchentableandlistenstotheradio.Theafternoonmailbroughtbillsthathewilldealwithlaterthisweek.Thecheckbookisupstairsinthebedroom.75Hischeckbook.他并不因此自悲自憐。房子只不過是個建筑物。一個住的地方。僅此而已。晚飯好了。他在廚房的桌子旁吃飯，邊吃邊聽著收音機(jī)。下午的郵差送來了他的賬單，這些賬單他將在這個星期后幾天支付。支票簿在樓上臥室里。他的私人支票簿。76Hetypesintherecipient'snameandsignshisname.77Thesignatureissmallandscrawled.78Unreadable.79Butheknows.80BillPorter.81BillPorter,salesman.他用打字機(jī)打上收款人的名字，隨后簽上名。簽名小小的，字跡潦草。難以辨認(rèn)?？伤J(rèn)得出來。比爾·波特。推銷員比爾·波特。82Fromhiseasychairhehearsthewindlashhishouseandtherainpoundthestreetoutsidehishome.Hemustdresswarmlytomorrow.He'ssleepy.Withgreatcareheclimbsthestairstohisbedroom.83Intime,thelightsgooff.84Morningwillbeheresoon.他坐在安樂椅上，只聽得呼嘯的大風(fēng)猛烈地沖擊著他的屋子，大雨擊打著屋外的街面。明天他得穿得暖和些。他覺得睏了，他小心翼翼地爬上樓就寢。沒過一會兒，燈就滅了。早晨很快就會來臨。Whenchildrentakeupwaysofmakingalivingthatdiffergreatlyfromtheirparents,differencesinoutlookcaneasilyarise.ThisiswhatAlfredLubranofound.Broughtupinthefamilyofabuildingworker,educationledhimtodevelopdifferentinterestsandambitionsfromhisfather.Herehewritesabouthowthisaffectedtheirrelationship.當(dāng)子女的謀生方式與父母大相徑庭時，很容易產(chǎn)生觀念上的差異。這正是艾爾弗雷德·盧布拉諾的發(fā)現(xiàn)。他在一個建筑工人的家庭里長大，他所受的教育使他產(chǎn)生了不同于父親的興趣與抱負(fù)。他在本文中敘述了這一差異如何影響著他們的父子關(guān)系。unit8ACloneIsBornCloningoffersthepossibilityofmakingexactcopiesofourselves.ShouldthisbeallowedWhatbenefitsanddangersmaycloningbring

克隆技術(shù)使我們有可能分毫不差地復(fù)制自己。這一技術(shù)是否應(yīng)該獲準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用克隆技術(shù)會帶來什么裨益與危險

ACloneIsBornGinaKolata1OnJuly5,1996,at5:00p.m.,themostfamouslambinhistoryenteredtheworld.Shewasborninashed,justdowntheroadfromtheRoslinInstituteinRoslin,Scotland1996年7月5日下午5點，有史以來最出名的小羊羔問世了。它出生在蘇格蘭羅斯林鎮(zhèn)的羅斯林研究院所在的那條路上的一個小棚里，這只羊羔是在該研究院創(chuàng)造出來的。而它的創(chuàng)造者伊恩·威爾莫特，一位正在謝頂?shù)奈馁|(zhì)彬彬的52歲的胚胎學(xué)家，卻不記得自己是在什么地方聽到這頭名叫多利的羊問世的消息的。他甚至不記得曾接到約翰·布拉肯的電話，這位對產(chǎn)下多利的那頭羊的整個妊娠過程進(jìn)行監(jiān)察的科學(xué)家在電話上說多利健康存活，體重6.6千克。2Noonebrokeopenchampagne.Noonetookpictures.Onlyafewstaffmembersfromtheinstituteandalocalveterinarianwhoattendedthebirthwerepresent.YetDolly,wholookedforalltheworldlikehundredsofotherlambsthatdottherollinghillsofScotland,wassoontochangetheworld.沒有人打開香檳酒慶賀。沒有人拍照留影。只有研究院的幾位員工，以及接生的一位當(dāng)?shù)孬F醫(yī)在場。然而，多利，這頭與蘇格蘭起伏的山丘上散布著的千百頭其他的羊毫無異樣的小羊羔，很快就改變了世界。3Whenthetimecomestowritethehistoryofourage,thisquietbirth,thecreationofthislittlelamb,willstandout.Theworldisadifferentplacenowthatsheisborn.當(dāng)后人編寫我們這一時代的歷史的時候，這一平靜的降生，這頭小羊羔的問世，將會引人注目。世界因它降生而從此改變。4Dollyisaclone.Shewascreatednotoutoftheunionofaspermandaneggbutoutofthegeneticmaterialfromanuddercellofasix-year-oldsheep.Wilmutfusedtheuddercellwithaneggfromanothersheep,afterfirstremovingallgeneticmaterialfromtheegg.Theuddercell'sgenestookupresidenceintheegganddirectedittogrowanddevelop.TheresultwasDolly,theidenticaltwinoftheoriginalsheepthatprovidedtheuddercells,butanidenticaltwinbornsixyearslater.多利是頭克隆羊。它不是精卵結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，而是由取自一頭六齡羊的乳腺細(xì)胞的基因材料生成的。威爾莫特先將取自另一頭羊的卵子中的所有基因材料取出，再將該卵子與這一乳腺細(xì)胞融合。乳腺細(xì)胞的基因在該卵子中安營扎寨，令其生長發(fā)育。其結(jié)果就是多利羊，即與提供乳腺細(xì)胞的那頭羊一模一樣的孿生羊，只是這頭孿生羊晚出生了6年。5UntilDollyenteredtheworld,cloningwasthestuffofsciencefiction.Ithadbeenraisedasapossibilitydecadesago,thendismissed,somethingthatseriousscientiststhoughtwassimplynotgoingtohappenanytimesoon.Nowitisnotfantasytothinkthatsomeday,perhapsdecadesfromnow,butsomeday,youcouldcloneyourselfandmaketens,dozens,hundredsofgeneticallyidenticaltwins.Norisitsciencefictiontothinkthatyou