全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯6-8

全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯6-8全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯6-8全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯6-8資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯6-8版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：unit6TheLastLeafWhenJohnsyfellseriouslyill,sheseemedtolosethewilltohangontolife.Thedoctorheldoutlittlehopeforher.Herfriendsseemedhelpless.Wastherenothingtobedone約翰西病情嚴(yán)重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。醫(yī)生對(duì)她不抱什么希望。朋友們看來(lái)也愛(ài)莫能助。難道真的就無(wú)可奈何了嗎1Atthetopofathree-storybrickbuilding,SueandJohnsyhadtheirstudio."Johnsy"wasfamiliarforJoanna.OnewasfromMaine;theotherfromCalifornia.TheyhadmetatacafeonEighthStreetandfoundtheirtastesinart,chicorysaladandbishopsleevessomuchintunethatthejointstudioresulted.在一幢三層磚樓的頂層，蘇和約翰西辟了個(gè)畫(huà)室。“約翰西”是喬安娜的昵稱(chēng)。她們一位來(lái)自緬因州，一位來(lái)自加利福尼亞。兩人相遇在第八大街的一個(gè)咖啡館，發(fā)現(xiàn)各自在藝術(shù)品味、菊苣色拉，以及燈籠袖等方面趣味相投，于是就有了這個(gè)兩人畫(huà)室。2ThatwasinMay.InNovemberacold,unseenstranger,whomthedoctorscalledPneumonia,stalkedaboutthedistrict,touchingonehereandtherewithhisicyfingers.Johnsywasamonghisvictims.Shelay,scarcelymovingonherbed,lookingthroughthesmallwindowattheblanksideofthenextbrickhouse.那是5月里的事。到了11月，一個(gè)醫(yī)生稱(chēng)之為肺炎的陰森的隱形客闖入了這一地區(qū)，用它冰冷的手指東碰西觸。約翰西也為其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上幾乎一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，只能隔著小窗望著隔壁磚房那單調(diào)沉悶的側(cè)墻。3OnemorningthebusydoctorinvitedSueintothehallwaywithabushy,grayeyebrow.一天上午，忙碌的醫(yī)生揚(yáng)了揚(yáng)灰白的濃眉，示意蘇來(lái)到過(guò)道。4"Shehasonechanceinten,"hesaid."Andthatchanceisforhertowanttolive.Yourlittleladyhasmadeuphermindthatshe'snotgoingtogetwell.Hassheanythingonhermind

“她只有一成希望，”他說(shuō)?！澳沁€得看她自己是不是想活下去。你這位女朋友已經(jīng)下決心不想好了。她有什么心事嗎？”5"She--shewantedtopainttheBayofNaplessomeday,"saidSue.“她――她想有一天能去畫(huà)那不勒斯灣，”蘇說(shuō)。6"Paint--bosh!Hassheanythingonhermindworththinkingabouttwice--aman,forinstance"

“畫(huà)畫(huà)？――得了。她有沒(méi)有別的事值得她留戀的――比如說(shuō)，一個(gè)男人？”7"Aman"saidSue."Isamanworth--but,no,doctor;thereisnothingofthekind."“男人？”蘇說(shuō)?！半y道一個(gè)男人就值得――可是，她沒(méi)有啊，大夫，沒(méi)有這碼子事?！?"Well,"saidthedoctor."Iwilldoallthatsciencecanaccomplish.ButwhenevermypatientbeginstocountthecarriagesinherfuneralprocessionIsubtract50percentfromthecurativepowerofmedicines."AfterthedoctorhadgoneSuewentintotheworkroomandcried.ThenshemarchedintoJohnsy'sroomwithherdrawingboard,whistlingamerrytune.“好吧，”大夫說(shuō)?！拔視?huì)盡一切努力，只要是科學(xué)能做到的。可是，但凡病人開(kāi)始計(jì)算她出殯的行列里有幾輛馬車(chē)的時(shí)候，我就要把醫(yī)藥的療效減去一半。”大夫走后，蘇去工作室哭了一場(chǎng)。隨后她攜著畫(huà)板大步走進(jìn)約翰西的房間，口里吹著輕快的口哨。9Johnsylay,scarcelymakingamovementunderthebedclothes,withherfacetowardthewindow.Shewaslookingoutandcounting--countingbackward.約翰西躺在被子下幾乎一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，臉朝著窗。她望著窗外，數(shù)著數(shù)――倒數(shù)著數(shù)！10"Twelve,"shesaid,andalittlelater"eleven";andthen"ten,"and"nine";andthen"eight"and"seven,"almosttogether.“12，”她數(shù)道，過(guò)了一會(huì)兒“11”，接著數(shù)“10”和“9”；再數(shù)“8”11Suelookedoutofthewindow.Whatwastheretocount

Therewasonlyabare,drearyyardtobeseen,andtheblanksideofthebrickhousetwentyfeetaway.Anold,oldivyvineclimbedhalfwayupthebrickwall.Thecoldbreathofautumnhadblownawayitsleaves,leavingitalmostbare.

蘇朝窗外望去。外面有什么好數(shù)的呢？外面只看到一個(gè)空蕩蕩的沉悶的院子，還有20英尺開(kāi)外那磚房的側(cè)墻，上面什么也沒(méi)有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墻高。蕭瑟秋風(fēng)吹落了枝葉，藤上幾乎光禿禿的。12"Six,"saidJohnsy,inalmostawhisper."They'refallingfasternow.Threedaysagotherewerealmostahundred.Itmademyheadachetocountthem.Butnowit'seasy.Theregoesanotherone.Thereareonlyfiveleftnow."“6”，約翰西數(shù)著，聲音幾乎聽(tīng)不出來(lái)?！艾F(xiàn)在葉子掉落得快多了。三天前差不多還有100片。數(shù)得我頭都疼?？涩F(xiàn)在容易了。又掉了一片。這下子只剩5片了?！?3"Fivewhat,dear"“5片什么，親愛(ài)的？”14"Leaves.Ontheivyvine.WhenthelastonefallsImustgo,too.I'veknownthatforthreedays.Didn'tthedoctortellyou"

“葉子。常青藤上的葉子。等最后一片葉子掉了，我也就得走了。三天前我就知道會(huì)這樣。大夫沒(méi)跟你說(shuō)嗎？”15"Oh,Ineverheardofsuchnonsense.WhathaveoldivyleavestodowithyourgettingwellDon'tbesosilly.Why,thedoctortoldmethismorningthatyourchancesforgettingwellrealsoonweretentoone!Trytotakesomesoupnow,andletSudiegoandbuyportwineforhersickchild."“噢，我從沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這種胡說(shuō)八道。常青藤葉子跟你病好不好有什么關(guān)系？別這么傻。對(duì)了，大夫上午跟我說(shuō)，你的病十有八九就快好了?？旌刃屘K迪給她生病的孩子去買(mǎi)些波爾圖葡萄酒來(lái)?！?6"Youneedn'tgetanymorewine,"saidJohnsy,keepinghereyesfixedoutthewindow."Theregoesanother.No,Idon'twantanysoup.Thatleavesjustfour.Iwanttoseethelastonefallbeforeitgetsdark.ThenI'llgo,too.I'mtiredofwaiting.I'mtiredofthinking.Iwanttoturnloosemyholdoneverything,andgosailingdown,down,justlikeoneofthosepoor,tiredleaves."“你不用再去買(mǎi)酒了，”約翰西說(shuō)道，兩眼一直盯著窗外。“又掉了一片。不，我不想喝湯。這一下只剩下4片了。我要在天黑前看到最后一片葉子掉落。那時(shí)我也就跟著走了。我都等膩了。也想膩了。我只想撇開(kāi)一切,飄然而去，就像那邊一片可憐的疲倦的葉子。”17"Trytosleep,"saidSue."ImustcallBehrmanuptobemymodelfortheoldminer.I'llnotbegoneaminute."“快睡吧，”蘇說(shuō)。“我得叫貝爾曼上樓來(lái)給我當(dāng)老礦工模特兒。我去去就來(lái)?！?8OldBehrmanwasapainterwholivedonthegroundfloorbeneaththem.Hewaspastsixtyandhadalongwhitebeardcurlingdownoverhischest.Despitelookingthepart,Behrmanwasafailureinart.Forfortyyearshehadbeenalwaysabouttopaintamasterpiece,buthadneveryetbegunit.Heearnedalittlebyservingasamodeltothoseyoungartistswhocouldnotpaythepriceofaprofessional.Hedrankgintoexcess,andstilltalkedofhiscomingmasterpiece.Fortheresthewasafiercelittleoldman,whomockedterriblyatsoftnessinanyone,andwhoregardedhimselfasguarddogtothetwoyoungartistsinthestudioabove.老貝爾曼是住在兩人樓下底層的一個(gè)畫(huà)家。他已年過(guò)六旬，銀白色蜷曲的長(zhǎng)髯披掛胸前。貝爾曼看上去挺像藝術(shù)家，但在藝術(shù)上卻沒(méi)有什么成就。40年來(lái)他一直想創(chuàng)作一幅傳世之作，卻始終沒(méi)能動(dòng)手。他給那些請(qǐng)不起職業(yè)模特的青年畫(huà)家當(dāng)模特掙點(diǎn)小錢(qián)。他沒(méi)節(jié)制地喝酒，談?wù)撝羌磳?wèn)世的不朽之作。要說(shuō)其他方面，他是個(gè)好斗的小老頭，要是誰(shuí)表現(xiàn)出一點(diǎn)軟弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是樓上畫(huà)室里兩位年輕藝術(shù)家的看護(hù)人。19SuefoundBehrmansmellingstronglyofgininhisdimlylightedstudiobelow.Inonecornerwasablankcanvasonaneaselthathadbeenwaitingtherefortwenty-fiveyearstoreceivethefirstlineofthemasterpiece.ShetoldhimofJohnsy'sfancy,andhowshefearedshewould,indeed,lightandfragileasaleafherself,floataway,whenherslightholdupontheworldgrewweaker.OldBehrman,withhisredeyesplainlystreaming,shoutedhiscontemptforsuchfoolishimaginings.蘇在樓下光線暗淡的畫(huà)室里找到了貝爾曼，他滿(mǎn)身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的畫(huà)架上支著一張從未落過(guò)筆的畫(huà)布，在那兒擱了25年，等著一幅杰作的起筆。蘇把約翰西的怪念頭跟他說(shuō)了，并說(shuō)約翰西本身就像一片葉子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再軟下去的話(huà)，真的會(huì)凋零飄落。老貝爾曼雙眼通紅，顯然是淚漣漣的，他大聲叫嚷著說(shuō)他蔑視這種傻念頭。20"What!"hecried."AretherepeopleintheworldfoolishenoughtodiebecauseleafsdropofffromavineIhaveneverheardofsuchathing.WhydoyouallowsuchsillyideastocomeintothatheadofhersGod!ThisisnotaplaceinwhichonesogoodasMissJohnsyshouldliesick.SomedayIwillpaintamasterpiece,andweshallallgoaway.Yes."“什么！”他嚷道?！笆澜缟暇谷挥羞@么愚蠢的人，因?yàn)闃?shù)葉從藤上掉落就要去死我聽(tīng)都沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這等事。你怎么讓這種傻念頭鉆到她那個(gè)怪腦袋里天哪！這不是一個(gè)像約翰西小姐這樣的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要畫(huà)一幅巨作，那時(shí)候我們就離開(kāi)這里。真的。”21Johnsywassleepingwhentheywentupstairs.Suepulledtheshadedown,andmotionedBehrmanintotheotherroom.Intheretheypeeredoutthewindowfearfullyattheivyvine.Thentheylookedateachotherforamomentwithoutspeaking.Apersistent,coldrainwasfalling,mingledwithsnow.Behrman,inhisoldblueshirt,tookhisseatasthemineronanupturnedkettleforarock.兩人上了樓，約翰西已經(jīng)睡著了。蘇放下窗簾，示意貝爾曼去另一個(gè)房間。在那兒兩人惶惶不安地凝視著窗外的常青藤。接著兩人面面相覷，啞然無(wú)語(yǔ)。外面冷雨夾雪，淅淅瀝瀝。貝爾曼穿著破舊的藍(lán)色襯衣,坐在充當(dāng)?shù)V石的倒置的水壺上，擺出礦工的架勢(shì)。22WhenSueawokefromanhour'ssleepthenextmorningshefoundJohnsywithdull,wide-openeyesstaringatthedrawngreenshade.第二天早上，只睡了一個(gè)小時(shí)的蘇醒來(lái)看到約翰西睜大著無(wú)神的雙眼，凝望著拉下的綠色窗簾。23"Pullitup;Iwanttosee,"sheordered,inawhisper.“把窗簾拉起來(lái)；我要看，”她低聲命令道。24WearilySueobeyed.蘇帶著疲倦，遵命拉起窗簾。25But,Lo!afterthebeatingrainandfiercewindthathadenduredthroughthenight,thereyetstoodoutagainstthebrickwalloneivyleaf.Itwasthelastonthevine.Stilldarkgreennearitsstem,butwithitsedgescoloredyellow,ithungbravelyfromabranchsometwentyfeetabovetheground.可是，瞧！經(jīng)過(guò)一整夜的急風(fēng)驟雨，竟然還存留一片常青藤葉，背靠磚墻，格外顯目。這是常青藤上的最后一片葉子。近梗部位仍呈暗綠色，但邊緣已經(jīng)泛黃了，它無(wú)所畏懼地掛在離地20多英尺高的枝干上。26"Itisthelastone,"saidJohnsy."Ithoughtitwouldsurelyfallduringthenight.Iheardthewind.Itwillfalltoday,andIshalldieatthesametime."“這是最后一片葉子，”約翰西說(shuō)?！拔乙詾橐估锼隙〞?huì)掉落的。我晚上聽(tīng)到大風(fēng)呼嘯。今天它會(huì)掉落的，葉子掉的時(shí)候，也是我死的時(shí)候?！?7Thedayworeaway,andeventhroughthetwilighttheycouldseetheloneivyleafclingingtoitsstemagainstthewall.Andthen,withthecomingofthenightthenorthwindwasagainloosed.白天慢慢過(guò)去了，即便在暮色黃昏之中，他們?nèi)阅芸吹侥瞧铝懔愕某Ｇ嗵偃~子，背靠磚墻，緊緊抱住梗莖。爾后，隨著夜幕的降臨，又是北風(fēng)大作。28WhenitwaslightenoughJohnsy,themerciless,commandedthattheshadeberaised.等天色亮起，冷酷無(wú)情的約翰西命令將窗簾拉起。29Theivyleafwasstillthere.常青藤葉依然挺在。30Johnsylayforalongtimelookingatit.AndthenshecalledtoSue,whowasstirringherchickensoupoverthegasstove.約翰西躺在那兒，望著它許久許久。接著她大聲呼喚正在煤氣灶上攪雞湯的蘇。31"I'vebeenabadgirl,Sudie,"saidJohnsy."SomethinghasmadethatlastleafstaytheretoshowmehowwickedIwas.Itisasintowanttodie.Youmaybringmealittlesoupnow,andsomemilkwithalittleportinitand--no;bringmeahand-mirrorfirst,andthenpacksomepillowsaboutme,andIwillsitupandwatchyoucook."“我一直像個(gè)不乖的孩子，蘇迪，”約翰西說(shuō)?！坝幸环N力量讓那最后一片葉子不掉，好讓我看到自己有多壞。想死是一種罪過(guò)。你給我喝點(diǎn)湯吧，再來(lái)點(diǎn)牛奶，稍放一點(diǎn)波爾圖葡萄酒――不，先給我拿面小鏡子來(lái)，弄幾個(gè)枕頭墊在我身邊，我要坐起來(lái)看你做菜?！?2Anhourlatershesaid:一個(gè)小時(shí)之后，她說(shuō)：33"Sudie,somedayIhopetopainttheBayof“蘇迪，我真想有一天去畫(huà)那不勒斯海灣。”34Thedoctorcameintheafternoon,andSuehadanexcusetogointothehallwayasheleft.下午大夫來(lái)了，他走時(shí)蘇找了個(gè)借口跟進(jìn)了過(guò)道。35"Evenchances,"saidthedoctor,takingSue'sthin,shakinghandinhis.“現(xiàn)在是勢(shì)均力敵，”大夫說(shuō)著，握了握蘇纖細(xì)顫抖的手。36"Withgoodnursingyou'llwin.AndnowImustseeanothercaseIhavedownstairs.Behrman,hisnameis--somekindofanartist,Ibelieve.Pneumonia,too.Heisanold,weakman,andtheattackisacute.Thereisnohopeforhim;buthegoestothehospitaltodaytobemademorecomfortable."“只要精心照料，你就贏了?，F(xiàn)在我得去樓下看另外一個(gè)病人了。貝爾曼，是他的名字――記得是個(gè)什么畫(huà)家。也是肺炎。他年老體弱，病來(lái)勢(shì)又猛。他是沒(méi)救了。不過(guò)今天他去了醫(yī)院，照料得會(huì)好一點(diǎn)?！?7ThenextdaythedoctorsaidtoSue:"She'soutofdanger.You'vewon.Therightfoodandcarenow--that'sall."第二天，大夫?qū)μK說(shuō)：“她脫離危險(xiǎn)了。你贏了。注意飲食，好好照顧，就行了?！?8AndthatafternoonSuecametothebedwhereJohnsylayandputonearmaroundher.當(dāng)日下午，蘇來(lái)到約翰西的床頭，用一只手臂摟住她。39"Ihavesomethingtotellyou,whitemouse,"shesaid."Mr.Behrmandiedofpneumoniatodayinthehospital.Hewasillonlytwodays.Hewasfoundonthemorningofthefirstdayinhisroomdownstairshelplesswithpain.Hisshoesandclothingwerewetthroughandicycold.Theycouldn'timaginewherehehadbeenonsuchaterriblenight.Andthentheyfoundalantern,stilllighted,andaladderthathadbeendraggedfromitsplace,andsomescatteredbrushes,andapalettewithgreenandyellowcolorsmixedonit,and--lookoutthewindow,dear,atthelastivyleafonthewall.Didn'tyouwonderwhyitneverflutteredormovedwhenthewindblew

Ah,darling,it'sBehrman'smasterpiece--hepaintedittherethenightthatthelastleaffell."

“我跟你說(shuō)件事，小白鼠，”她說(shuō)?！柏悹柭壬裉煸卺t(yī)院里得肺炎去世了。他得病才兩天。發(fā)病那天上午人家在樓下他的房間里發(fā)現(xiàn)他疼得利害。他的鞋子衣服都濕透了，冰冷冰冷的。他們想不出那么糟糕的天氣他夜里會(huì)去哪兒。后來(lái)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)燈籠，還亮著，還有一個(gè)梯子被拖了出來(lái)，另外還有些散落的畫(huà)筆，一個(gè)調(diào)色板，和著黃綠兩種顏色，――看看窗外，寶貝兒，看看墻上那最后一片常青藤葉子。它在刮風(fēng)的時(shí)候一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)，你沒(méi)有覺(jué)得奇怪嗎？啊，親愛(ài)的，那是貝爾曼的杰作――最后一片葉子掉落的那天夜里他畫(huà)上了這片葉子?！盚edidnottrustthewomantotrusthim.Andhedidnottrustthewomannottotrusthim.Andhedidnotwanttobemistrustednow.他不敢相信這個(gè)女人居然會(huì)信任自己。他也不認(rèn)為這個(gè)女人就不信任自己。不過(guò)，現(xiàn)在他不想失去別人對(duì)自己的信任。unit7LifeofaSalesmanMakingalivingasadoor-to-doorsalesmandemandsathickskin,bothtoprotectagainsttheweatherandagainstconstantlyhavingthedoorshutinyourface.BillPorterputsupwithallthisandmuch,muchmore.干挨家挨戶(hù)上門(mén)推銷(xiāo)這一營(yíng)生得臉皮厚，這是因?yàn)楦蛇@一行不僅要經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹日曬，還要承受一次又一次的閉門(mén)羹。比爾·波特忍受著這一切，以及別的種種折磨。LifeofaSalesmanTomHallmanJr.1Thealarmrings.It's5:45.Hecouldlingerunderthecovers,listeningtotheradioandaweathermanwhopredictsrain.Peoplewouldunderstand.Heknowsthat.一個(gè)推銷(xiāo)員的生活小湯姆·霍爾曼鬧鐘響了。是清晨5：45。他可以在被子里再躺一會(huì)兒，聽(tīng)聽(tīng)無(wú)線電廣播。天氣預(yù)報(bào)員預(yù)報(bào)有雨。人們會(huì)理解的。這點(diǎn)他清楚。2Asurgeon'sscarcutsacrosshislowerback.Thefingersonhisrighthandaresotwistedthathecan'ttiehisshoes.Somedays,hefeelslikesurrendering.Buthisdeadmother'schallengeechoesinhissoul.So,too,dothevoicesofthosewhobelievedhimstupid,incapableoflivingindependently.Allhislifehe'sstruggledtoprovethemwrong.Hewillnotquit.3AndsoBillPorterrises.他的下背有一道手術(shù)疤痕。他右手的手指嚴(yán)重扭曲，連鞋帶都沒(méi)法系。有時(shí)，他真想放棄不干了?？稍谒麅?nèi)心深處，一直回響著已故老母的激勵(lì),還有那些說(shuō)他蠢，說(shuō)他不能獨(dú)立生活的人的聲音。他一生都在拚命去證明他們錯(cuò)了。他決不能放棄不干。于是比爾·波特起身了。4HetakesthefirstunsteadystepsonajourneytoPortland'sstreets,thebattlefieldwherehefightsaloneforhisindependenceanddignity.He'sadoor-to-doorsalesman.Sixty-threeyearsold.Andhisenemies--acrippledbodythatbetrayshimandachangingworldthatnolongerneedshim--aregainingonhim.他搖搖晃晃邁出了去波特蘭大街的頭幾步，波特蘭大街是他為獨(dú)立與尊嚴(yán)而孤身搏殺的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。他是個(gè)挨家挨戶(hù)上門(mén)推銷(xiāo)的推銷(xiāo)員，今年63歲。他的敵人――辜負(fù)他的殘疾的身體和一個(gè)不再需要他的變化著的世界――正一步一步把他逼向絕境。5Withtremblinghandsheassembleshisweapons:darkslacks,blueshirtandmatchingjacket,browntie,tanraincoatandhat.Image,hebelieves,iseverything.他用顫抖的雙手收拾行裝：深色寬松褲，藍(lán)襯衣和與之相配的茄克衫，褐色領(lǐng)帶，土褐色雨衣和帽子。在他看來(lái)，形象就是一切。6Hestopsintheentryway,picksuphisbriefcaseandstepsoutside.Afallwindhaskickedup.Theweathermanwasright.Hepullshisraincoattighter.7Hetiltshishatjustso.他在門(mén)口停了一下，提起公文包，走了出去。秋風(fēng)驟起，冷颼颼的。天氣預(yù)報(bào)員說(shuō)得沒(méi)錯(cuò)。他將雨衣裹裹緊。他把帽子往一側(cè)微微一斜。8Onthe7:45busthatstopsacrossthestreet,heleaveshisbriefcasenexttothedriverandfindsaseatinthemiddleofapackofboredteenagers.在街對(duì)面?？康?：45那班公共汽車(chē)上，他把公文包放在司機(jī)身旁，在一群沒(méi)精打采的十幾歲的孩子當(dāng)中找了個(gè)位子坐下。9Heleansforward,starestowardthedriver,sitsback,thenrepeatstheprocess.Hisnervousnessmakeshimlaughuncontrollably.Theteenagersstareathim.Theydon'trealizePorter'safraidsomeonewillstealhisbriefcase,withtheglasses,brochures,orderformsandclip-ontiethatheneedstosurvive.他身子往前一傾，盯著司機(jī)那兒望，然后靠著椅背坐下，接著他又反復(fù)這個(gè)過(guò)程。他心情緊張，控制不住自己而笑出聲來(lái)。那些孩子望著他。他們不明白，波特是擔(dān)心有人偷他的包，包里有他生存不可缺少的眼鏡，宣傳小冊(cè)子，定單，以及可用別針別上的領(lǐng)帶。10Portersensesthestares.Helooksatthefloor.波特意識(shí)到了小孩子在盯著他看。他把目光轉(zhuǎn)向車(chē)廂地板。11Hisfacerevealsnothing.Inhisheart,though,heknowsheshouldhavebeenlikethesekids,likeeveryoneonthisbus.He'snotangry.Butheknows.Hismotherexplainedhowthedeliveryhadbeendifficult,howthedoctorhadusedaninstrumentthatcrushedasectionofhisbrainandcausedcerebralpalsy,adisorderofthenervoussystemthataffectshisspeech,handsandwalk.他臉上沒(méi)有流露出任何神情。但在他心里，他知道自己本該和這些孩子一樣，和車(chē)上其他所有人一樣。他并不生氣。但他心里明白。他母親解釋說(shuō)生他時(shí)難產(chǎn)，醫(yī)生使用了某種器械，損壞了他大腦的一部分，導(dǎo)致了大腦性麻痹，一種影響他說(shuō)話(huà)，手部活動(dòng)以及行走的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的紊亂。12PortercametoPortlandwhenhewas13afterhisfather,asalesman,wastransferredhere.HeattendedaschoolforthedisabledandthenLincolnHighSchool,wherehewasplacedinaclassforslowkids.波特13歲那年隨著當(dāng)推銷(xiāo)員的父親工作調(diào)動(dòng)來(lái)到波特蘭。他上了一個(gè)殘疾人學(xué)校，后來(lái)就讀林肯高級(jí)中學(xué)，在那兒他被編入慢班。13Buthewasn'tslow.但他并不笨。14Hismindwastrappedinabodythatdidn'twork.Speakingwasdifficultandtooktime.Peoplewereimpatientanddidn'tlisten.Hefeltdifferent--wasdifferent--fromthekidswhorushedaboutinthehallsandplanneddanceshewouldneverattend.他由于身體不能正常運(yùn)行而使腦子不能充分發(fā)揮其功能。他說(shuō)話(huà)困難，而且慢。別人不耐煩，不聽(tīng)他說(shuō)。他覺(jué)得自己不同于――事實(shí)上也確實(shí)不同于――那些在過(guò)道里東奔西跑的孩子，那些孩子安排的舞會(huì)他永遠(yuǎn)也不可能參加。15WhatcouldhisfuturebePorterwantedtodosomethingandhismotherwascertainthathecouldriseabovehislimitations.Withherencouragement,heappliedforajobwiththeFullerBrushCo.onlytobeturneddown.Hecouldn'tcarryaproductbriefcaseorwalkaroute,theysaid.他將來(lái)會(huì)是個(gè)什么樣子呢？波特想做些事，母親也相信他能沖破身體的局限。在她的鼓勵(lì)之下，他向福勒牙刷公司申請(qǐng)一份工作，結(jié)果卻遭到拒絕。他不能提樣品包，也不能跑一條推銷(xiāo)線路，他們說(shuō)。16Porterknewhewantedtobeasalesman.Hebeganreadinghelpwantedadsinthenewspaper.WhenhesawoneforWatkins,acompanythatsoldhouseholdproductsdoor-to-door,hismothersetupameetingwitharepresentative.Themansaidno,butPorterwouldn'tlisten.Hejustwantedachance.ThemangaveinandofferedPorterasectionofthecitythatnosalesmanwanted.波特知道自己想當(dāng)推銷(xiāo)員。他開(kāi)始閱讀報(bào)紙上的招聘廣告。他看到沃特金斯，一家上門(mén)推銷(xiāo)家用物品的公司要人，他母親就跟其代理人安排會(huì)面。那人說(shuō)不行，可波特不予理會(huì)。他就是需要一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。那人讓步了，把城里一個(gè)其他推銷(xiāo)員都不要的區(qū)域派給了他。17IttookPorterfourfalsestartsbeforehefoundthecouragetoringthefirstdoorbell.Themanwhoansweredtoldhimtogoaway,apatternrepeatedthroughouttheday.波特一開(kāi)始四次都沒(méi)敢敲門(mén)，第五次才鼓起勇氣按了第一戶(hù)人家的門(mén)鈴。開(kāi)門(mén)的那人讓他走開(kāi)，這種情形持續(xù)了一整天。18ThatnightPorterreadthroughcompanyliteratureanddiscoveredtheproductswereguaranteed.Hewouldsellthatpledge.Hejustneededpeopletolisten.當(dāng)晚，波特仔細(xì)閱讀了公司的宣傳資料，發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品都是保用的。他要把保用作為賣(mài)點(diǎn)。只要?jiǎng)e人肯聽(tīng)他說(shuō)話(huà)就成。19Ifacustomerturnedhimdown,Porterkeptcomingbackuntiltheyheardhim.Andhesold.要是客戶(hù)回絕波特，拒絕傾聽(tīng)他的介紹，他就一再上門(mén)。就這樣他將產(chǎn)品賣(mài)了出去。20ForseveralyearshewasWatkins'topretailsalesman.Nowheistheonlyoneofthecompany's44,000salespeoplewhosellsdoor-to-door.他連著幾年都是沃特金斯公司的最佳零售推銷(xiāo)員。如今他是該公司44000名推銷(xiāo)員中惟一一個(gè)上門(mén)推銷(xiāo)的人。21ThebusstopsintheTransitMall,andPortergetsoff.公共汽車(chē)在公交中轉(zhuǎn)購(gòu)物中心站停下，波特下了車(chē)。22Hisbodyisnotmadeforwalking.Eachstepstrainshisjoints.Headachesareconstantvisitors.Hisrightarmisnearlyuseless.Hecan'tfullycontrolthelimb.Hisbodytiltsatthewaist;heseemstobeheadingintoastrong,steadywindthatkeepshimoffbalance.Attimes,helookslikeatoddlertakinghisfirststeps.他的身體不適合行走。每走一步關(guān)節(jié)都疼。頭疼也是習(xí)以為常的事。他的右臂幾乎沒(méi)用。他不能完全控制這只手臂。他的身體從腰部開(kāi)始前傾，看上去就像是頂著一股強(qiáng)勁的吹個(gè)不停的風(fēng)邁步向前，風(fēng)似乎要把他刮倒。有時(shí)他看上去就像是個(gè)剛剛學(xué)步的孩童。23Hewalks10milesaday.他每天要走10英里的路程。24Hisfirststoptoday,likeeveryday,isashoeshinestandwhereemployeestiehislaces.Twiceaweekhepaysforashine.AtanearbyhoteloneofthedoormenbuttonsPorter'stopshirtbuttonandslipsonhisclip-ontie.Hethenwalkstoanotherbusthatdropshimoffamilefromhisterritory.像平日一樣，他今天的第一站是個(gè)擦鞋攤，這里的雇員替他系好鞋帶。他每周請(qǐng)他們擦兩次鞋。附近一家旅館的門(mén)衛(wèi)替他扣上襯衣最上面一粒紐扣，戴上用別針別上的領(lǐng)帶。隨后他步行去搭乘另一部巴士，在距離他的推銷(xiāo)區(qū)域一英里處下車(chē)。25Helefthomenearlythreehoursago.他是差不多3個(gè)小時(shí)前從家里動(dòng)身的。26Thewindiscoldandraindropsfall.Porterstopsatthefirsthouse.Thisisthemomenthe'sbeenpreparingforsince5:45a.m.Heringsthebell.風(fēng)冷雨淋。波特在第一戶(hù)人家門(mén)前停了下來(lái)。這是他從5：45分開(kāi)始就為之準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)刻。他按了門(mén)鈴。27Awomancomestothedoor.一位婦人開(kāi)了門(mén)。28"Hello."29"No,thankyou,I'mjustpreparingtoleave."30Porternods.31"MayIcomebacklater"

heasks.

32"No,"saysthewoman.33Sheshutsthedoor.34Porter'seyesrevealnothing.35Hemovestothenexthouse.36Thedooropens.37Thencloses.“你好。”“不，多謝了。我這就要出門(mén)。”波特點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭?！澳俏疫^(guò)會(huì)兒來(lái)，可以嗎？”他問(wèn)?！安挥昧?，”那婦人回答道。她關(guān)上了門(mén)。波特眼里沒(méi)有流露絲毫神情。他轉(zhuǎn)向下一個(gè)人家。門(mén)開(kāi)了。隨即又關(guān)上。38Hedoesn'tgetachancetospeak.Porter'sexpressionneverchanges.Hestopsateveryhomeinhisterritory.Peoplemightnotbuynow.Nexttime.Maybe.Nodoesn'tmeannever.Someofhisbestcustomersarepeoplewhorepeatedlyturnedhimdownbeforebuying.他連開(kāi)口說(shuō)話(huà)的機(jī)會(huì)都沒(méi)有。波特的表情從不改變。他敲開(kāi)自己推銷(xiāo)區(qū)內(nèi)的每一個(gè)家門(mén)。人們現(xiàn)在可能不買(mǎi)什么。也許下一次會(huì)買(mǎi)?，F(xiàn)在不買(mǎi)不等于永遠(yuǎn)不買(mǎi)。他的一些老客戶(hù)都是那些多次把他拒之門(mén)外而后來(lái)才買(mǎi)的人。39Hemakeshiswaydownthestreet.40"Idon'twanttotryit."41"Maybenexttime."42"I'msorry.I'monthephonerightnow."43"No."他沿著街道往前走?！拔也幌朐囉眠@個(gè)產(chǎn)品?！薄耙苍S下次試一試?！薄皩?duì)不起。我在打電話(huà)。”“不要。”44Ninetyminuteslater,Porterstillhasnotmadeasale.Butthereisalwaysanotherhome.45Hewalkson.46Heknocksonadoor.Awomanappearsfromthebackyardwhereshe'sgardening.Sheoftenbuys,butnottoday,shesays,asshewalksaway.47"Areyousure"Porterasks.48Shepauses.49"Well..."90分鐘之后，波特仍沒(méi)能賣(mài)出一件物品。不過(guò)，下面有的是人家。他繼續(xù)向前走。他敲響一扇門(mén)。一位正在拾掇花園的婦女從后院走了出來(lái)。她常常買(mǎi)他的東西，不過(guò)今天不買(mǎi)，她說(shuō)著走開(kāi)了?！澳阏娴牟毁I(mǎi)什么？”波特問(wèn)。她遲疑了一下。“那么……”50That'sallPorterneeds.Hewalksasfastashecan,tailingherassheheadstothebackyard.Hesetshisbriefcasedownandopensit.Heputsonhisglasses,removeshisbrochuresandbeginshissalestalk,showingthewomanpicturesanddescribingeachproduct.波特要的就是這一遲疑。他盡可能快步上前，跟著她朝后院走去。他放下公文包，打了開(kāi)來(lái)。他戴上眼鏡，拿出產(chǎn)品介紹小冊(cè)子，開(kāi)始推銷(xiāo)，給那位婦人看圖片，詳細(xì)介紹每一個(gè)產(chǎn)品。51Spices52"No."53Jams54"No.Maybenothingtoday,Bill."55Porter'shearingistheoneperfectthinghisbodydoes.Exceptwhenhegetsaliveone.Thentheword"no"doesnotregister.調(diào)料“不要?！惫u“不要?？峙陆裉觳灰裁?，比爾。”波特的聽(tīng)覺(jué)是他身上惟一沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)毛病的功能。只有當(dāng)他察覺(jué)對(duì)方有可能買(mǎi)他東西的時(shí)候才會(huì)發(fā)生例外。這個(gè)時(shí)候，他是聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)“不”字的。56Pepper57"No."58Laundrysoap59"Hmm."60Porterstops.Hesmellsblood.Hequicklyremembersherlastorder.61"Say,aren'tyouaboutoutofsoapThat'swhatyouboughtlasttime.Yououghttobeoutrightaboutnow."62"You'reright,Bill.I'lltakeone."胡椒粉“不要?！毕匆略怼班??！辈ㄌ赝Ａ讼聛?lái)。他嗅到了獵物。他很快記起了她上次的訂單?！皩?duì)了，你肥皂差不多用完了吧？你上次買(mǎi)的就是這個(gè)?，F(xiàn)在該差不多用完了?！薄皼](méi)錯(cuò)，比爾。我買(mǎi)一塊?！?3Hearriveshome,inarainstorm,after7p.m.Todaywasnotprofitable.Hetellshimselfnottoworry.Fourdaysleftintheweek.晚上7點(diǎn)過(guò)后，他在暴風(fēng)雨中回到了家。今天沒(méi)賺錢(qián)。他跟自己說(shuō)別著急。這個(gè)星期還有4天呢。64Atleasthe'soffhisfeetandhome.至少他回到了家，不用再站立了。65Inside,aneraispreserved.Thetelephoneisaheavy,rotarymodel.ThereisnoVCR,nocable.屋內(nèi)，儼然是保存完好的一個(gè)舊時(shí)代。電話(huà)是笨重的撥盤(pán)式的那種。沒(méi)有錄像放映機(jī)，沒(méi)有有線電視。66Hisistheonlyhouseintheneighborhoodwithatelevisionantennaontheroof.他家是附近惟一一家屋頂上支著電視接收天線的人家。67Heleadsasolitarylife.Mostofhishumancontactcomesonthejob.Now,heheatstheovenandslipsinafrozendinnerbecauseit'seasytofix.他過(guò)著離群索居的生活。他跟別人的來(lái)往大都限于工作上。他打開(kāi)了烤爐，放了一盒冷藏食品進(jìn)去，因?yàn)檫@樣做飯方便。68Thejobusuallytakeshim10hours.他的工作通常要花去他10個(gè)小時(shí)。69He'sawearymanwhoknowshisdays--nomatterwhathisintentions--arenumbered.他身心疲憊，知道來(lái)日無(wú)多了――不管他愿不愿意。70Heworksonstraightcommission.Hegetsnopaidholidays,vacationsorraises.Yes,somemonthsarelean.他的收入完全依靠傭金。他沒(méi)有帶薪假期，沒(méi)有度假，也沒(méi)有加薪。的確，有些月份收入相當(dāng)微薄。71In1993,heneededbacksurgerytorelievepaincausedfromdecadesofwalking.Hewaslaidupforfivemonthsandcouldn'twork.Hewasforcedtosellhishouse.Thenewowners,familiarwithhissituation,frozehisrentandagreedtolethimlivethereuntilhedies.1993年，他需要作背部手術(shù)，以減輕數(shù)十年行走引起的疼痛。他臥床五個(gè)月，無(wú)法工作。他被迫出售房子。房子的新主人了解他的處境，凍結(jié)了他的房租，并答應(yīng)讓他在有生之年繼續(xù)住在那里。72Hedoesn'tfeelsorryforhimself.73Thehouseisonlyabuilding.Aplacetolive,nothingmore.74Hisdinnerisready.Heeatsatthekitchentableandlistenstotheradio.Theafternoonmailbroughtbillsthathewilldealwithlaterthisweek.Thecheckbookisupstairsinthebedroom.75Hischeckbook.他并不因此自悲自憐。房子只不過(guò)是個(gè)建筑物。一個(gè)住的地方。僅此而已。晚飯好了。他在廚房的桌子旁吃飯，邊吃邊聽(tīng)著收音機(jī)。下午的郵差送來(lái)了他的賬單，這些賬單他將在這個(gè)星期后幾天支付。支票簿在樓上臥室里。他的私人支票簿。76Hetypesintherecipient'snameandsignshisname.77Thesignatureissmallandscrawled.78Unreadable.79Butheknows.80BillPorter.81BillPorter,salesman.他用打字機(jī)打上收款人的名字，隨后簽上名。簽名小小的，字跡潦草。難以辨認(rèn)?？伤J(rèn)得出來(lái)。比爾·波特。推銷(xiāo)員比爾·波特。82Fromhiseasychairhehearsthewindlashhishouseandtherainpoundthestreetoutsidehishome.Hemustdresswarmlytomorrow.He'ssleepy.Withgreatcareheclimbsthestairstohisbedroom.83Intime,thelightsgooff.84Morningwillbeheresoon.他坐在安樂(lè)椅上，只聽(tīng)得呼嘯的大風(fēng)猛烈地沖擊著他的屋子，大雨擊打著屋外的街面。明天他得穿得暖和些。他覺(jué)得睏了，他小心翼翼地爬上樓就寢。沒(méi)過(guò)一會(huì)兒，燈就滅了。早晨很快就會(huì)來(lái)臨。Whenchildrentakeupwaysofmakingalivingthatdiffergreatlyfromtheirparents,differencesinoutlookcaneasilyarise.ThisiswhatAlfredLubranofound.Broughtupinthefamilyofabuildingworker,educationledhimtodevelopdifferentinterestsandambitionsfromhisfather.Herehewritesabouthowthisaffectedtheirrelationship.當(dāng)子女的謀生方式與父母大相徑庭時(shí)，很容易產(chǎn)生觀念上的差異。這正是艾爾弗雷德·盧布拉諾的發(fā)現(xiàn)。他在一個(gè)建筑工人的家庭里長(zhǎng)大，他所受的教育使他產(chǎn)生了不同于父親的興趣與抱負(fù)。他在本文中敘述了這一差異如何影響著他們的父子關(guān)系。unit8ACloneIsBornCloningoffersthepossibilityofmakingexactcopiesofourselves.ShouldthisbeallowedWhatbenefitsanddangersmaycloningbring

克隆技術(shù)使我們有可能分毫不差地復(fù)制自己。這一技術(shù)是否應(yīng)該獲準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用克隆技術(shù)會(huì)帶來(lái)什么裨益與危險(xiǎn)

ACloneIsBornGinaKolata1OnJuly5,1996,at5:00p.m.,themostfamouslambinhistoryenteredtheworld.Shewasborninashed,justdowntheroadfromtheRoslinInstituteinRoslin,Scotland1996年7月5日下午5點(diǎn)，有史以來(lái)最出名的小羊羔問(wèn)世了。它出生在蘇格蘭羅斯林鎮(zhèn)的羅斯林研究院所在的那條路上的一個(gè)小棚里，這只羊羔是在該研究院創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。而它的創(chuàng)造者伊恩·威爾莫特，一位正在謝頂?shù)奈馁|(zhì)彬彬的52歲的胚胎學(xué)家，卻不記得自己是在什么地方聽(tīng)到這頭名叫多利的羊問(wèn)世的消息的。他甚至不記得曾接到約翰·布拉肯的電話(huà)，這位對(duì)產(chǎn)下多利的那頭羊的整個(gè)妊娠過(guò)程進(jìn)行監(jiān)察的科學(xué)家在電話(huà)上說(shuō)多利健康存活，體重6.6千克。2Noonebrokeopenchampagne.Noonetookpictures.Onlyafewstaffmembersfromtheinstituteandalocalveterinarianwhoattendedthebirthwerepresent.YetDolly,wholookedforalltheworldlikehundredsofotherlambsthatdottherollinghillsofScotland,wassoontochangetheworld.沒(méi)有人打開(kāi)香檳酒慶賀。沒(méi)有人拍照留影。只有研究院的幾位員工，以及接生的一位當(dāng)?shù)孬F醫(yī)在場(chǎng)。然而，多利，這頭與蘇格蘭起伏的山丘上散布著的千百頭其他的羊毫無(wú)異樣的小羊羔，很快就改變了世界。3Whenthetimecomestowritethehistoryofourage,thisquietbirth,thecreationofthislittlelamb,willstandout.Theworldisadifferentplacenowthatsheisborn.當(dāng)后人編寫(xiě)我們這一時(shí)代的歷史的時(shí)候，這一平靜的降生，這頭小羊羔的問(wèn)世，將會(huì)引人注目。世界因它降生而從此改變。4Dollyisaclone.Shewascreatednotoutoftheunionofaspermandaneggbutoutofthegeneticmaterialfromanuddercellofasix-year-oldsheep.Wilmutfusedtheuddercellwithaneggfromanothersheep,afterfirstremovingallgeneticmaterialfromtheegg.Theuddercell'sgenestookupresidenceintheegganddirectedittogrowanddevelop.TheresultwasDolly,theidenticaltwinoftheoriginalsheepthatprovidedtheuddercells,butanidenticaltwinbornsixyearslater.多利是頭克隆羊。它不是精卵結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，而是由取自一頭六齡羊的乳腺細(xì)胞的基因材料生成的。威爾莫特先將取自另一頭羊的卵子中的所有基因材料取出，再將該卵子與這一乳腺細(xì)胞融合。乳腺細(xì)胞的基因在該卵子中安營(yíng)扎寨，令其生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育。其結(jié)果就是多利羊，即與提供乳腺細(xì)胞的那頭羊一模一樣的孿生羊，只是這頭孿生羊晚出生了6年。5UntilDollyenteredtheworld,cloningwasthestuffofsciencefiction.Ithadbeenraisedasapossibilitydecadesago,thendismissed,somethingthatseriousscientiststhoughtwassimplynotgoingtohappenanytimesoon.Nowitisnotfantasytothinkthatsomeday,perhapsdecadesfromnow,butsomeday,youcouldcloneyourselfandmaketens,dozens,hundredsofgeneticallyidenticaltwins.Norisitsciencefictiontothinkthatyou