外研版高中英語(yǔ)選修六-1-6單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

外研版高中英語(yǔ)選修六-1-6單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納外研版高中英語(yǔ)選修六-1-6單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納外研版高中英語(yǔ)選修六-1-6單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納xxx公司外研版高中英語(yǔ)選修六-1-6單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度外研版高中英語(yǔ)選修六1-6單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納TOC\o"1-3"\h\u18891Module1 118960重點(diǎn)單詞 132011經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視 226858熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦（非重點(diǎn)） 330282Module2 431972重點(diǎn)單詞 414296經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視 518916熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦（重點(diǎn)） 632115Module3 720065重點(diǎn)單詞 724252經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視 84712熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦(重點(diǎn)） 916024Module4 1017436重點(diǎn)單詞 1013895經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視 1113523熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦（非重點(diǎn)） 1125202Module5 139344重點(diǎn)單詞 1327016經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視 1429963熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦（非重點(diǎn)） 153614Module6 1528098重點(diǎn)單詞 1529997經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視 1714098熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦(非重點(diǎn)） 17Module1重點(diǎn)單詞【詞條1】lack【點(diǎn)撥】lack動(dòng)詞,意為"缺乏,沒(méi)有"。如:Heisgoodathisjobbutheseemstolackconfidence.Whathelacksinexperiencehemakesupforinenthusiasm.【拓展】1.lack的常用短語(yǔ)有:belacking"欠缺,缺乏"；belackingin"缺乏(某種品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等)"；lack(for)nothing"應(yīng)有盡有"。如:Moneyfortheprojectisstilllacking.Ithinkthefilmislackinginpace.Theyhavegoteverythingreadyandtheylackfornothing.2.lack還可作名詞,常與of連用,意為"缺乏,沒(méi)有"。forlackof"因?yàn)槿狈Α?。如:Theworkhadtobestoppedforlackoffunds.Theflowerswitheredforlackofwater.【詞條2】reply【點(diǎn)撥】名詞,意為"回答,答復(fù)",常與介詞to連用。如:Isitareplytothefirstorthesecondletter?Tomyanger,shemadenoreplytomyquestion.其常用在短語(yǔ)inreplyto中,意為"作為對(duì)……的回答,回復(fù)"。如:Whatdidhedoinreplytoyourchallenge?【拓展】reply也可作動(dòng)詞,意為"回答,答復(fù)",reply(to.../that...)。如:Theteachergavemenochancetoreplytoherquestion.Lilyrepliedthatsheknewnothingaboutit.【詞條3】apology【點(diǎn)撥】apology名詞,意為"道歉,歉意",常用于短語(yǔ):offer/makeanapologytosb."向某人道歉",acceptanapology"接受道歉"。如:It’simpoliteofyoutoleavewithoutawordofapology.Inmyjudgment,weshouldaccepttheirapology.You’dbettermakeanapologyforyourabsence.【拓展】其動(dòng)詞形式為apologize,意為"道歉,表示歉意",常用短語(yǔ)為:apologizetosb.(forsth.)"(因某事)向某人道歉"。如:Imustapologizefornotbeingabletomeetyouthatday.IthinkTommighthaveapologizedtoJaneforwhathedid.經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視【短語(yǔ)1】thinkof【點(diǎn)撥】thinkof可意為"想起,想出"。如:Thephotomademethinkofmychild-hood.ItwasTomwhothoughtofthegoodplan.【拓展】think的其他常用短語(yǔ):1.thinkhighly/muchof重視,高度贊揚(yáng)。如:AlltheteachersthinkhighlyofJohnbecauseheisverysmartandkind.2.thinkabout考慮。如:Iwasthinkingaboutsomethingelseandmissedyourwords.3.thinkover仔細(xì)考慮。如:Pleasethinktheplanoverandletmeknowyourdecisiontomorrow.【短語(yǔ)2】inaddition【點(diǎn)撥】inaddition意為"另外,此外"。如:IwritemyownsongsandIplaytheguitarinaddition.Youneedmoneyandtime.Inaddition,youneeddiligence.【拓展】inadditionto除……之外(還有),to為介詞,后接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。如:HisbrothercanspeakthreeforeignlanguagesinadditiontoEnglish.besides也意為"除……之外(還有)"。如:Theplaywasbadlyacted,besidesbeingfartoolong.【短語(yǔ)3】leaveout【點(diǎn)撥】leaveout意為"省去,刪去"。如:InWesterncountries,peopleusuallyleaveoutNo.13asthenumberisthoughtunlucky.

Youcanleaveouttheunnecessarywordswhenwritingdownthenotes.【拓展】1.leaveout還可意為"漏掉,遺漏"。如:Decidewithyoupartnerwhichwordshavebeenleftout.2.與leave相關(guān)的常用短語(yǔ):leavebehind遺留,留下Itleftbehindalongtrainofproblemsanddifficulties.leaveover剩余,暫不解決Weshallhavetoleavethequestionovertillthenextmeeting.leavealone別管,不理會(huì)IfIwereyou,I’dleavethisquestionalone.【短語(yǔ)4】showoff【點(diǎn)撥】showoff意為"炫耀"。如:Thoseboysalwaysshowofftheirsportsskillstothegirls.Hisbrotherlikestoshowoffhisknowledgeinpublic.【拓展】與show相關(guān)的常用短語(yǔ):showsb.around領(lǐng)某人參觀Theheadmastershowedusaroundtheschool.showup出席,到場(chǎng)Thepartyisabouttobegin,butMr.Wanghasn’tshownup.熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦（非重點(diǎn)）didn’tneedtodo和needn’thavedone的區(qū)別(非重點(diǎn)）didn’tneedtodo和needn’thavedone都有"過(guò)去不必做某事"的意思,但是didn’tneedto表示"過(guò)去沒(méi)有必要做某事,事實(shí)上也沒(méi)做"；needn’thavedone表示"過(guò)去本來(lái)不必做某事,實(shí)際上卻做了"。如:Ididn’tneedtotakeataxifromtheair-port—therewasabusallthewayintothecity.Ineedn’thavebookedinadvance;therewereplentyofticketsleft.此外,要注意need的其它用法:need可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。1.作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),need有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,后可以接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞等,否定式要在前面加don’t(doesn’t,didn’t),疑問(wèn)句用do(does,did)提問(wèn)。如:Thecompanyneedssomegoodsalesmen.Hisbrokencarneedstoberepaired.=Hisbrokencarneedsrepairing.2.作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),need沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,后接動(dòng)詞原形,否定式為needn’t,常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如:Youneedn’tworryabouthim.Heisverymaturenow.—NeedIstayanotherday?

—Yes,youmust.Module2重點(diǎn)單詞【詞條1】behave【點(diǎn)撥】behave用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為"(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)"。如:Shehasbeenbehavingverypolitely.另外,behave還可意為"舉止得體；守規(guī)矩",常和反身代詞連用。如:Can’tyoumakeyourlittlechildbehavehimself?

【拓展】well-/ill-/badly-behavedadj.表現(xiàn)得好的/不好的；behaviorn.行為,舉止如:Heisthoughttobeawell-behavedchild.Shewasashamedofherchildren’sbadbehavior.【詞條2】appeal【點(diǎn)撥】appeal可用作名詞,意為"吸引力,感染力"。如:Filmsofthissorthavelosttheirappealforme.【拓展】1.appeal用作名詞時(shí),還可意為"呼吁,請(qǐng)求"。如:Hisappealforforgivenesswentunanswered.Anappealisbeingmadeforhelpforthosewholosttheirhomesintheearthquake.2.appeal還可用作動(dòng)詞,意為"引起興趣；呼吁,請(qǐng)求",常跟介詞to連用。如:Doestheideaofworkingabroadappealtoyou?Thepoliceareappealingtothepublicforanyinformationaboutthis.【詞條3】awake【點(diǎn)撥】awake可用作形容詞,意為"醒著的"。如:Ihavelainawakeallnightthinkingovertheproblem.注意:awake是表語(yǔ)形容詞,不能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。類(lèi)似的形容詞還有asleep,alive,aware等?！就卣埂縜wake(awoke,awoken)可作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為"醒來(lái)",這時(shí)與wakeup意義相近；awake也可作及物動(dòng)詞,意為"喚醒,叫醒；喚起(記憶)；激起(情感)"。如:Iawaketotheringingofanelectricbelleveryday.Thethunderawokemelastnight.Hisfathertriedtoawakehimtoasenseofduty.Nothingcanawakeherinterestinfoot-ball.經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視【短語(yǔ)1】aheadof【點(diǎn)撥】aheadof意為"在……之前"。如:ThetimehereisninehoursaheadofLondon.Aheadofuswasanarrowandmuddyroad.【拓展】aheadof還可意為"勝過(guò),優(yōu)于；(數(shù)量、價(jià)格等)超過(guò)"。如:Inmanagement,ourcompanyiswellaheadoftheirs.Theirpayofferwaswellaheadofinflation.【短語(yǔ)2】holdout【點(diǎn)撥】holdout可意為"伸出,拿出"。如:WhenIarrived,Maryheldoutherhandinwelcome.【拓展】holdout還可意為"維持；堅(jiān)持(抵抗)"。如:Wewereshortofwaterbutitcouldholdoutforanotherday.Theyheldoutagainsttheenemyfortwodaysandnights.Thetownwassurrounded,butthecitizensheldoutuntilhelpatlastcame.【短語(yǔ)3】putdown【點(diǎn)撥】putdown可意為"放下"。如:Putdownthatknifebeforeyouhurtsomebody!【拓展】1.putdown還可意為"寫(xiě)下,記下；鎮(zhèn)壓；消滅"。如:Putdownyournotesatthebottomofthepaper.Theuprisingwasputdownthreedayslater.can’tputsth.down愛(ài)不釋手；不忍釋卷。如:Itisaninterestingstoryandhecan’tputitdownuntilhehasfinishedreadingit.2.與put相關(guān)的常用短語(yǔ):putout出版；生產(chǎn)；使熄滅,撲滅；putup樹(shù)立；putoff推遲；putaside把……擱在一邊；putforward提出；putupwith容忍。如:Besuretoputoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.Thebuildingwillbeputupinthecentreofthecampus.Don’tputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.Heputasidehisworktospendmoretimewithhisfamily.Heputforwardaverygoodsuggestionatthemeeting.Icouldhardlyputupwiththechildanylonger.熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦（重點(diǎn)）動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)（高考重點(diǎn)）可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨或?qū)χ^語(yǔ)加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明等。如:Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.(時(shí)間)Itrainedfortwoweeks,completelyruiningthecrops.(結(jié)果)Turningtotherightatthecrossing,youwillseethepostofficerightbeforeyou.(條件)Beingbusyandexhausted,hegaveusalotofhelp.(讓步)WeChineseeatourfoodusingchopsticks.(方式)Notknowinghowtodealwiththeproblem,theboyturnedtohisteacher.(原因）Laughingandtalkingloudly,welefttheparty.(伴隨)【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致,它所表示的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是句中主語(yǔ)所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作,即現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。如:Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecangetafullviewofthecountry.(we與see之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)2.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其前可加while,when,after,before,though,unless等連詞,on,upon等介詞或thus,completely等副詞。如:Whiledoingtheexperiment,wediscoveredthenewchemical.Takethemedicinethreetimesadayafterhavingeachmeal.Onhearingthenews,sherushedouttheroom.Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.3.有時(shí)用"(with/without)+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。如:Icouldn’tfocusmyattentionwiththatnoisegoingon.高考真題加改編題目練習(xí)：1．(2015·課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ，64)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout________(use)electricequipment.2．(2015·安徽，27改編)________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.3．(2015·北京，21改編)________(catch)theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.4．(2015·北京，23改編)Theparkwasfullofpeople，________(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.5．(2015·天津，8改編)________(work)fortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.6．(2015·陜西，17改編)AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress，AnneBenedictwenton________(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.7．(2015·浙江，18改編)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething，goingtohearit________(perform)liveisquiteanother.8．(2015·湖南，30改編)Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile，shestoodrootedtotheground，________(wonder)whethertostayorleave.9．(2015·福建，28改編)________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture，JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.10．(2015·江蘇，24改編)Muchtime________(spend)sittingatadesk，officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.Module3重點(diǎn)單詞【詞條1】raise【點(diǎn)撥】vt.可意為"招募,籌措(金錢(qián))"。如:Itvotedtoraise100,000troopsimmediately.HeaskedmetowritealeaflettoraisemoneyforHopeSchools.【拓展】raise還可意為"舉起；增加,提高；提出；撫養(yǎng),飼養(yǎng)；引起"。如:Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.Thebosshaspromisedtoraisetheirpay.Hewassoangryastoraisehisvoice.Thequestionwasraisedatthemeeting.Iwasraisedbymyauntonafarm.Thediscussionraisedourinterest.【辨析】raise＆rise兩者都可以表示"上升；增長(zhǎng)"之意,不同的是raise是及物動(dòng)詞,rise是不及物動(dòng)詞。如:OnMondaymorning,wewerewatchingthechildrenraisingthenationalflagandwesawitrisingslowlyinthewind.【詞條2】regret【點(diǎn)撥】regret可用作動(dòng)詞,意為"懊悔,惋惜；遺憾",后接名詞、代詞、that從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等。如:Iregretmyrefusaltohisinvitation.IregretthatIcan’tattendtheparty.Weregrettoinformyouthatyoufailedagain.Wehavedeeplyregrettedsellingthefarm.注意:其后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)意思有區(qū)別。試體會(huì):IregrettotellyouthatIhavenonewsforyou.(遺憾要做某事)IregrettellingTomthetruth.(后悔做了某事)【拓展】regret也可作名詞,意為"遺憾,后悔；歉意"。如:Wedecidedwithgreatregretthatwecouldn’tofferyoutheposition.feelnoregretat對(duì)……不感到遺憾muchtoone’sregret使某人非常遺憾的是expressone’sregretat對(duì)……表示遺憾【詞條3】forgive【點(diǎn)撥】vt.＆vi.意為"原諒,寬恕",常用于結(jié)構(gòu)forgivesb.forsth./doingsth.,也可以接雙賓語(yǔ)。如:Iwillneverforgiveyouforwhatyou’veeverdonetome.Eventually,sheforgavehimthebadbehavior.【拓展】forgivenessn.原諒,寬恕,饒恕forgivingadj.寬大的,仁慈的經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視【短語(yǔ)1】keepintouch(with)【點(diǎn)撥】keepintouch(withsb.)意為"(與某人)保持聯(lián)系",也可寫(xiě)作stay/beintouch(withsb.)。如:Thisismycard.Let’skeepintouch.I’vekeptintouchwithmostofmyclassmatesinthemiddleschool.【拓展】與touch相關(guān)的常見(jiàn)搭配還有:getintouchwith"與……取得聯(lián)系"；losetouchwith/beoutoftouchwith"與……失去/沒(méi)有聯(lián)系"。如:WehavelosttouchwithJohnsincewemovedtoJapan.Writetomeasoftenasyoucan.Idon’twanttolosetouchwithyou.【短語(yǔ)2】knockover【點(diǎn)撥】knockover意為"撞倒,擊倒"。如:Adrunkendriverknockedoverninepeople,causingfivedeaths.【拓展】與knock相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)還有:knockdown"打倒,推倒"；knockoff"停止,中斷"；knockout"擊敗,擊倒"。如:HeknockedTomdownwithoneblowofhisfist.Weknockedoffworkfortea.Ourteamwasknockedoutinthefirstpartofthecompetition.【短語(yǔ)3】makeup【點(diǎn)撥】makeup可意為"和好"。如:IfoundithardtomakeupwithJoanafterwequarreledaboutthebeautifulstamp.【拓展】makeup還有以下常用意思:Youshouldn’tbelievehim.Heismakingthewholethingup.(編造)Whoeverattendstheballissupposedtomakeup.(化妝)Youmustmakeuptheworkyoumissed.(補(bǔ)上)熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦(重點(diǎn)）1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式havingdone的用法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式havingdone表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。其否定式為nothavingdone。如:Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.分詞的被動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是-ing分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。根據(jù)-ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式有一般被動(dòng)式(beingdone)和完成被動(dòng)式(havingbeendone)。如:Henevertalkedabouthishavingbeeninterviewedbythereporter.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和todo形式的區(qū)別（重點(diǎn)主要是一些固定搭配，初中已經(jīng)講過(guò)，需要熟悉再次識(shí)記）有些動(dòng)詞既能接不定式,又能接-ing形式,含義有所不同。如:(1)forget,remember,regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動(dòng)作后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作,而后接-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。如:Doyourememberseeingmebefore你記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)我嗎

Remembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave.離開(kāi)時(shí)要記得鎖門(mén)。(2)動(dòng)詞mean,stop,try,goon等動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)名詞和接不定式作賓語(yǔ),意思也有所不同。如:Imeantochangeitforanotherone.我想換成另外一個(gè)。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.誤了這班車(chē)就意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。(3)動(dòng)詞allow,advise,forbid,permit等可直接跟-ing形式作賓語(yǔ),不可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),但可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:Pleasepermitmetosayafewwords.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我說(shuō)幾句話。Wedon’tpermitsmokinghere.我們這兒不允許吸煙。(4)動(dòng)詞need,require,want作"需要"解時(shí),后面接-ing分詞或不定式被動(dòng)式。如:Theselittlechildrenrequirelookingaftercarefully/tobelookedaftercarefully.這些小孩需要細(xì)心地照料。(5)動(dòng)詞like,hate,prefer等后面,如表示一般性動(dòng)作,多用-ing形式；如指特定的具體的某次動(dòng)作,多用不定式。如:Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimwithyou.我喜歡游泳,但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。Module4重點(diǎn)單詞【詞條1】combine【點(diǎn)撥】combinevi./vt.聯(lián)合,結(jié)合,合并。常用作結(jié)構(gòu)combine...with..."把……與……結(jié)合"。如:Thetwocountriescombinedagainsttheircommonenemy.Hecombinedhisscientificknowledgewithhisfriend’sbusinessskillandstartedacompany.Hisefforts,combinedwithhisdetermination,helpedhimachievegreatsuccess.【拓展】combinationn.聯(lián)合,合作,結(jié)合combinedadj.組合的,結(jié)合的【詞條2】relax【點(diǎn)撥】relaxvi./vt.放松,使輕松。如:Thedoctortoldhimtorelaxaweekorsobeforegoingbacktowork.Thisequipmentwillhelprelaxyourmuscles.【拓展】relax還可意為"放寬；使松弛"。如:Theyrelaxedtheregulationsafterthereform.relaxedadj.放松的,鎮(zhèn)定的relaxingadj.令人放松的Shehadaveryrelaxedmanner.It’sreallyarelaxingwalk.【詞條3】present【點(diǎn)撥】present可用作動(dòng)詞,意為"贈(zèng)送；頒發(fā)(獎(jiǎng)品等)；提出"。如:WhenMr.Smithleftourcompany;ourmanagerpresentedhimwithagoldenwatch.Thewinnerwaspresentedwiththeprizebythechairman.【拓展】1.present作名詞,可意為"禮物,贈(zèng)品；現(xiàn)在,目前"。如:Idon’twantallthesebooks;I’llmakeyouapresentofthem.Sheisbusyatpresent,andshecan’tspeaktoyou.Let’sleavethingsastheyareforthepresent.2.present作形容詞,意為"出席的,在場(chǎng)的；目前的,現(xiàn)在的"。如:It’sunfairtodiscusshiscaseifheisn’tpresent.Thepresentsituationseemstobeintheirfavor.經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視【短語(yǔ)1】inadditionto【點(diǎn)撥】inadditionto意為"除……之外(還有)",其中to為介詞,所以后面要跟名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞等。如:Inadditiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputers,thecoursealsopro-videspracticalexperience.【拓展】1.besides作介詞時(shí),和其意思和用法相同。如:Wehavelotsofthingsincommonbesidesdance.2.inaddition相當(dāng)于副詞,可譯為"另外,加之"。如:Youneedmoneyandtime;inaddition,youneedintelligence.【短語(yǔ)2】drawupon/on【點(diǎn)撥】drawupon/on意為"憑借,利用"。如:Rereadyourpreviousessaysforideasandinformation,whichyoumaywanttodrawupon.Awriterhastodrawuponhisimaginationandexperience.【拓展】drawon/upon還可意為"臨近,(時(shí)光)漸漸過(guò)去"。如:Winterisdrawingon.Itgrewcolderasnightdrewon.【短語(yǔ)3】betrueof【點(diǎn)撥】betrueof意為"(某種情況)適用于,適宜于"。如:Thisprincipleistrueofeverybody.Thefoodisgoodandthesameistrueoftheservice.【拓展】根據(jù)下列例句體會(huì)與true相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的意義:Thepictureistruetolife.(逼真)Heisalwaystruetohispromise.(信守)MyfathersaidIshouldbealawyerandithascometrue.(實(shí)現(xiàn))熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦（非重點(diǎn)）一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由"has/havebeen+動(dòng)詞-ing"構(gòu)成,其主要用法有:1.表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí),并且還有可能繼續(xù)下去。這一用法常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如:Forthreeyears,allthistime,allone’slife,allthemorning,thesefewweeks.以及由for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:He’sbeenwatchingtelevisionallday.Ihavebeenteachinginthemiddleschoolfortenyears.2.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作,在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻這個(gè)動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束。如:Ihavejustbeensayinggoodbyetomyfriend.3.表示一直到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如Haveyoubeenmeetinghimlately二、與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較:1.從定義上來(lái)看,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(havedone)表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài),常常與already"已經(jīng)"或ever"曾經(jīng)"連用。如:WehavealreadylearntUnit2.(我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了第二單元。)SheisthemostbeautifulgirlIhaveeverseen.(她是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最漂亮的女孩。)而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示的是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能還要進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作,具有未完成的特點(diǎn),一般不與already或ever等連用。如:WehavebeenlearningUnit2.我們一直在學(xué)習(xí)第二單元。(沒(méi)學(xué)完)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示次性,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù),請(qǐng)看以下句子:Ihavemethimatthelibrary.(我在圖書(shū)館見(jiàn)過(guò)他。)Ihavebeenmeetinghimatthelibrary.(我經(jīng)常在圖書(shū)館看見(jiàn)她。)3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以表示剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作,但在含上有區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的則是動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。如:Weareverytired.We’vebeencleaningthehouse.我們很累,我們一直在打掃房子。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)We’vecleanedthehouse.Youmaycomeinnow.我們打掃過(guò)房子了,你可以進(jìn)來(lái)了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果"房子干凈")4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只陳述事實(shí),而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種感情色彩。如:Ihavewaitedfortwohours.我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(陳述事實(shí))Ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours.我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(等得好辛苦)5.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常用來(lái)談?wù)撦^短暫的動(dòng)作或情況；若要談?wù)摃r(shí)間延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作或情況或永久性情況,則通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:HehaslivedinParis.他(一直)住在巴黎。HehasbeenlivinginParis.他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暫時(shí)性)6.不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:I’veonlyknownherfortwodays.我認(rèn)識(shí)她剛剛兩天。They’vebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.他們結(jié)婚已二十年了。Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)持續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。7.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替。如:Thehousehasbeenpaintedforamonth.這房子已漆了一個(gè)月。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedforfivedays.這個(gè)問(wèn)題已研究了五天。Module5重點(diǎn)單詞【詞條1】refuse【點(diǎn)撥】refuse為動(dòng)詞,意為"拒絕"。常用于結(jié)構(gòu):① refusetodosth.② refuse+n./pron.③ refusesb.sth.。如:WhatannoyeduswasthatMaryrefusedtotalkaboutthismatter.Herefusedhisfriend’sinvitationtogoonanadventure.Sheissoenthusiasticthatyoucan’trefuseheranything.【拓展】1.辨析refuse＆reject＆decline這幾個(gè)詞都可作"拒絕"解。其區(qū)別在于:refuse是表示"拒絕"這一概念的最普通的用詞,可接不定式,表示拒絕做某事,也可接名詞,表示不接受；reject語(yǔ)氣比refuse強(qiáng),表示斷然拒絕。如果不同意一種意見(jiàn)或信仰,通常用reject；decline比較正式,表示禮貌、客氣地"婉拒",當(dāng)表示對(duì)于對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求、提議等表示"不接受"時(shí),可以用decline來(lái)緩和語(yǔ)氣。如:Irefusedtotakepartinanythingthatisillegal.Thearmydoctorsrejectedseveralrecruitsasunfit.Iinvitedhertojoinus,butshedeclined.2.refusal為refuse的名詞形式,意為"拒絕,拒不"。如:Yourrefusalofsuchagoodofferwasveryfoolish.【詞條2】arise【點(diǎn)撥】arise為不及物動(dòng)詞,意為"產(chǎn)生；出現(xiàn)"。常用搭配:ariseoutof/fromsth."由……引起"。如:Wedidn’tknowhowthequarrelarose.Disagreementshavearisenfromthenewprogram.【拓展】1.arise還可意為"站起來(lái),起立"。如:Hearose,tellingmethathewouldwaitformeoutsidetheoffice.2.注意幾個(gè)與arise意義相近的詞:(1)rise是不及物動(dòng)詞,意為"上升；升起；增加；提高"。也可意為"起床"和"站起身",這時(shí)可與arise換用。如:Ourhopesroseandfellinthesameinstant.Thechairmanrosefromhischairandcameforwardtopresenttheaward.Wearosefromthechairswhentheguestenteredtheroom.(2)raise是及物動(dòng)詞,意為"舉起；使起來(lái)；提高；提出"。如:Heraisedhishandtoaskthespeakerquestions.Mysalarywasraisedto8,000yuanamonth.(3)arouse也是及物動(dòng)詞,意為"喚醒；激起；引起"。如:Iwassuddenlyarousedbythethunder.Greatenthusiasmwasarousedbythespeech.【詞條3】accompany【點(diǎn)撥】accompany動(dòng)詞,可意為"陪伴"。如:Willyouaccompanymeindrinkingaglassofwine?【拓展】accompany還可意為"伴隨發(fā)生；伴奏"。如:Lightningusuallyaccompanieswiththunder.Thepianistaccompaniedhersinging.經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視【短語(yǔ)1】treat...as...【點(diǎn)撥】treat...as...意為"把……當(dāng)成……"。如:Peopleherealltreatmeasanexpertonfarming.【拓展】下面的詞組都可以表示"把……當(dāng)成……"。如:Allthepatientsregardhimasaconsideratenurse.Shethinksofthemonitorastheclevereststudentintheclass.Theylookonothers’difficultiesastheirown.Thissculptureisconsideredasasymbolofthiscity.【短語(yǔ)2】relyon【點(diǎn)撥】relyon意為"依靠,指望",常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):Theyusuallyrelyonthemselves.(relyonsth.)Theyhavetorelyontheriverfortheirwater.(relyonsth.for)YoucanrelyonPetertodowhathepromises.(relyonsb.todosth.)【拓展】counton和dependon/upon都可意為"依靠,依賴(lài)"。如:IcancountonBilltogetthejobdone.Oursuccessmostlydependsonyourhelp.【短語(yǔ)3】breakdown【點(diǎn)撥】breakdown可意為"分解,分化"。如:Aftermanyyears,rocksbreakdownintodirt.【拓展】根據(jù)下列例句體會(huì)breakdown的其他意思:Wearelatebecausethecarbrokedownhalfway.(壞了)Thepeacetalkshavebrokendownbecauseneithersidewouldcompromise.(失敗)Shebrokedownwithasobandcoveredherfacewiththehands.(感情失控)Theexpenditureontheprojectbreaksdownasfollows:wages5,000dollars,materials8,000dollars.(分割)熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦（非重點(diǎn)）虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，用于表示說(shuō)話人的假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)等。本期重點(diǎn)講述虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬條件句從時(shí)間上又分為與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反、與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反三種情況。以下表格是虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，主句和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式：基本用法情況從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反haddoneshould/would/could/might＋havedone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式、should＋動(dòng)詞原形、wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形①I(mǎi)fIwereyou，Iwoulddoitanotherway.IfIsawhernow，Iwouldbeveryhappy.②Ifhehadtakenmyadvice，heshouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.③Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow，Ishould/wouldtalktohim.Ifitweretoraintomorrow，thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.Module6重點(diǎn)單詞【詞條1】occupy【點(diǎn)撥】occupy為動(dòng)詞,可意為"占領(lǐng)"。如:GermanyoccupiedalotofcountriesduringtheSecondWorldWar.【拓展】1.occupy還可意為"占或充滿(時(shí)間,空間)；擔(dān)任(職務(wù))；占據(jù)(頭腦,思想)"。常用于結(jié)構(gòu):①occupyoneselfindoingsth./withsth./忙于,從事于②beoccupiedindoingsth./withsth.專(zhuān)心于,忙于。如:Theheadmaster’sspeechoccupiedthreehoursinall.Myfatheroccupiesanimportantpositionintheclub.Mybusinessoccupiesmymindconstantly.Mylittlesisteroccupiedherselfwithherhomeworklastnight.Asthefinalexamisdrawingnear,allthestudentsareoccupiedinreviewingtheirlessons.2.occupation名詞,意為"占有；職業(yè)"。如:Theworker’soccupationofthefactorylastedtwoweeks.Pleasestateyourname,ageandoccupation.【詞條2】overlook【點(diǎn)撥】overlook動(dòng)詞,意為"往下看,俯視"。如:Thehouseonthehilloverlooksthevillage.Fromthetopofthehill,wecanoverlookthewholeoftheharbor.【拓展】1.overlook還可意為"忽視,忽略"。如:Youhaveoverlookedseveralmistakesinthiswork.2.辨析overlook＆lookoveroverlook為單個(gè)動(dòng)詞,意為"俯視；忽視"；lookover為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),意為"檢查,查看"。如:Don’toverlookthestudentswhoarepoorintheirstudies.Wemustlookoverthehousebeforewedecidetorentit.【詞條3】wound【點(diǎn)撥】wound可用作動(dòng)詞,意為"使受傷"。如:Thebulletwoundedhimintheleftleg.【拓展】1.wound還可用作名詞,意為"創(chuàng)傷,傷口"。如:Thesoldierreceivedaseriouswoundinthechest.2.辨析wound＆inj