英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)練習(xí)文章

英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)練習(xí)文章英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)練習(xí)文章英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)練習(xí)文章資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)練習(xí)文章版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試口語(yǔ)考試大綱一、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)CET-SET主考在評(píng)分時(shí)使用以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

a.準(zhǔn)確性指考生的語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)以及所使用的語(yǔ)法和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確程度

b.語(yǔ)言范圍指考生使用的詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜程度和范圍

c.話語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)短指考生對(duì)整個(gè)考試中的交際所作的貢獻(xiàn)、講話的多少

d.連貫性指考生有能力進(jìn)行較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的、語(yǔ)言連貫的發(fā)言

e.靈活性指考生應(yīng)付不同情景和話題的能力

f.適切性指考生根據(jù)不同場(chǎng)合選用適當(dāng)確切的語(yǔ)言的能力二、語(yǔ)言功能CET-SET考試要求考生參與不同形式的口頭交際，其語(yǔ)言能力將根據(jù)其在考試中的表現(xiàn)予以測(cè)量?？忌枰莆盏恼Z(yǔ)言功能和意念在《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》中已明確列出。以下僅列舉其中部分的語(yǔ)言功能和意念。友好往來(lái)

問(wèn)候，介紹，告別和告辭，祝愿和祝賀，感謝和應(yīng)答，道歉和應(yīng)答，提議、邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答。相互交流

開(kāi)始交談，繼續(xù)交談，改變?cè)掝}，停止交談。態(tài)度

愿意，希望，意向，決心，責(zé)任，能力，允許，禁止，同意和不同意，否定，喜歡和不喜歡，偏愛(ài)，責(zé)怪和抱怨，判斷、決定和意見(jiàn)。勸說(shuō)

命令，勸告和建議，承諾，提醒。感情

焦慮，驚奇，興趣，加重感情色彩。存在

存在和不存在，有和沒(méi)有。空間描述

位置，方向，運(yùn)動(dòng)，距離。時(shí)間

時(shí)刻，時(shí)段，時(shí)間關(guān)系，頻度，時(shí)序。發(fā)表意見(jiàn)和看法

詢問(wèn)意見(jiàn)和看法，發(fā)表意見(jiàn)和看法，對(duì)意見(jiàn)和看法的反應(yīng)，同意，不同意，要求澄清，澄清意見(jiàn)和看法。爭(zhēng)辯

討論，討論觀點(diǎn)，反駁論點(diǎn)，提出進(jìn)一步論證，勸說(shuō)和對(duì)勸說(shuō)的反應(yīng)。三、考試形式CET-SET考試分三部分：

第一部分是考生和CET授權(quán)的主考進(jìn)行交談，采用問(wèn)答的形式。時(shí)間約5分鐘。

第二部分包括1.5分鐘的考生個(gè)人發(fā)言和4.5分鐘的小組討論。時(shí)間共約10分鐘。

第三部分由主考再次提問(wèn)以進(jìn)一步確定考生的口頭交際能力。時(shí)間約5分鐘。四、輸入信息CET-SET考試運(yùn)用以下兩種形式的輸入信息來(lái)產(chǎn)生信息差：

1）畫(huà)面提示（如圖片、圖表、照片等）；

2）文字提示。Part1(5minutes)Examiner:Goodmorning(Goodafternoon),everybody.CouldyoupleasetellmeyournameandthenumberofyouradmissionticketYourname,please.Andyournumber…Yourname…Andyournumber...Thankyou.NowwouldyoupleasebrieflyintroduceyourselvestoeachotherRemember,youshouldnotmentionthenameofyouruniversity.(1.5minutes)OK,nowthatweknoweachotherwecandosomegroupwork.Firstofall,I'dliketoaskeachofyoutosaysomethingaboutlifeinthecity.[C1,C2,C3]1)

HowdoyoulikelivinginBeijing(Shanghai,Nanjing…)

2)

WhatdoyouthinkisthemostseriouschallengeoflivinginacitylikeBeijing(Shanghai,Nanjing…)

3)

Howdoyoulikeshoppinginasupermarket4)

Wherewouldyouliketolive,downtownorinthesuburbs,andwhy5)

WhatmeasuresdoyouthinkweshouldtaketoreduceairpollutioninBeijing(Shanghai,Nanjing6)

Canyousaysomethingabouttheentertainmentavailableinyourcity7)

Wherewouldyouliketofindajobaftergraduation,inabigcitylikeBeijingorShanghaiorinasmalltownandwhy

8)

What'syourimpressionofthepeopleinBeijing(Shanghai,Nanjing…)

Part2(10minutes)Examiner:Nowlet'smoveontosomethingmorespecific.Thetopicforourdiscussiontodayis“CityTraffic”.You'llhaveapicture(somepictures)showingtwodifferenttypesoftransport.I'dlikeeachofyoutogiveabriefdescriptionofeachtypeandthencomparethetwotypes.You'llhaveoneminutetoprepareandeachofyouwillhaveoneandahalfminutestotalkaboutthepicture(s).Don'tworryifIinterruptyouattheendofthetimelimit.Nowhereareyourpictures.[1minutelater]Now,[C1],wouldyoupleasestartfirst

[C2]and[C3],pleaseputyourpicturesasideandlistentowhat[C1]hastosay.[1.5minuteslater]OK.[C2],nowit'syourturn.[1.5minuteslater]OK,[C3],andnowit'syourturn.Right.Nowweallhavesomeideaofvariouskindsofcitytransport.I'dlikeyoutodiscussthistopicfurtherandseeifyoucanagreeonwhichisthebesttypeoftransportforabigcitylikeBeijing(Shanghai,Nanjing…).Duringthediscussionyoumayarguewitheachotheroraskeachotherquestionstoclarifyapoint.Youwillhaveaboutfourandahalfminutesforthediscussion.Yourperformancewillbejudgedaccordingtoyourcontributionst[Ifonecandidatetalkstoolong]Sorry,I'llhavetostopyounow.Let'slistentowhat[C

]hastosay.[Ifonecandidatekeepssilentforalongtime]/[Ifthegroupissilentforsometime,thenaskoneofthecandidatestostartthediscussion.]Now,[C

],couldyoupleasesaysomethingaboutyourviewof…

[4.5minuteslater]Allright,that'stheendofthediscussion.Part3(5minutes)Examiner:NowI'dliketoaskyoujustonelastquestiononthetopicof“CityTraffic”.[Selectaquestionfromthefollowinglisttoaskeachofthecandidates.][C1orC2orC3]?

Duringthediscussion,whydidyousaythat...

?

Whatkindoftransportdoyouusuallyuseinyourcity

?

Doyouhaveanysuggestionsastohowtrafficconditionscanbeimprovedinbigcities

?

Doyouthinkprivatecarsshouldbeencouraged

?

WhydoyouthinksomeWesterncountriesencouragepeopletoridebicycles

Now,that'stheendofthetest.Thankyou,everybody.體例說(shuō)明：內(nèi)容體例舉例?

主考用語(yǔ):黑體Goodmorning.?

對(duì)主考的提示:[白體][Interrupthim/herif…]?

變量（考生姓名）:[斜體][C1]?

時(shí)間提示:(白體)(5minutes)?

過(guò)程說(shuō)明:斜體Part1?

可變換的內(nèi)容:()Goodmorning(Goodafternoon)46.VisionHumanvisionlikethatofotherprimateshasevolvedinanarborealenvironment.Inthedensecomplexworldofatropicalforest,itismoreimportanttoseewellthattodevelopanacutesenseofsmell.Inthecourseofevolutionmembersoftheprimatelinehaveacquiredlargeeyeswhilethesnouthasshrunktogivetheeyeanunimpededview.Ofmammalsonlyhumansandsomeprimatesenjoycolorvision.Theredflagisblacktothebull.Horsesliveinamonochromeworld.lightvisibletohumaneyeshoweveroccupiesonlyaverynarrowbandinthewholeelectromagneticspectrum.Ultravioletraysareinvisibletohumansthoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humansthoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humanshavenodirectperceptionofinfraredraysunliketherattlesnakewhichhasreceptorstunedintowavelengthslongerthan0.7micron.Theworldwouldlookeerilydifferentifhumaneyesweresensitivetoinfraredradiation.Theninsteadofthedarknessofnight,wewouldbeabletomoveeasilyinastrangeshadowlessworldwhereobjectsglowedwithvaryingdegreesofintensity.Buthumaneyesexcelinotherways.Theyareinfactremarkablydiscerningincolorgradation.Thecolorsensitivityofnormalhumanvisionisrarelysurpassedevenbysophisticatedtechnicaldevices.47FolkCulturesAfolkcultureisasmallisolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandracewithastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamilyandinterpersonal.Relationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperformagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmadeandsubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAngloAmericaistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlaborsavingdevicesoftheindustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillserveasalocaltransportationdeviceandthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut“humility”,clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasssotypicaloffolkculturesandthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanismformaintainingorder.Bycontrastapopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroupoftenhighlyindividualisticandapronouncedmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandarmytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduced,iseasierortimesavingtouseorleadsmoreprestigetotheowner.48BacteriaBacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter:apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thusifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometer)tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking“hairs”calledflagella.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthebacteriapointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toabacteriumwaterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyareinfluencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmoleculesaroundthem.Bacteriaunderthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.Thisisbecausetheycollidewiththewaterymoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriahaveallbeenreplacedbynewones;evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethusconstantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.49SleepSleetispartofaperson’sdailyactivitycycle.Thereareseveraldifferentstagesofsleep,andtheytoooccurincycles.Ifyouareanaveragesleeper,yoursleepcycleisasfollows.Whenyoufistdriftoffintoslumber,youreyeswillrollaboutabit,youtemperaturewilldropslightly,yourmuscleswillrelax,andyourbreathingwellslowandbecomequiteregular.Yourbrainwavesslowandbecomequiteregular.Yourbrainwavesslowdownabittoo,withthealpharhythmofratherfastwaves1sleep.Forthenexthalfhourorso,asyourelaxmoreandmore,youwilldriftdownthroughstage2andstage3sleep.Theloweryourstageofsleep.sloweryourbrainwaveswillbe.Thenabout40to69minutesafteryouloseconsciousnessyouwillhavereachedthedeepestsleepofall.Yourbrainwillshowthelargeslowwavesthatareknownasthedeltarhythm.Thisisstage4sleep.Youdonotremainatthisdeepfourthstageallnightlong,butinsteadabout80minutesafteryoufallintoslumber,yourbrainactivitylevelwillincreaseagainslightly.Thedeltarhythmwilldisappear,tobereplacedbytheactivitypatternofbrainwaves.Youreyeswillbegintodartaroundunderyourclosedeyelidsasifyouwerelookingatsomethingoccurringinfrontofyou.Thisperiodofrapideyemovementlastsforsome8to15minutesandiscalledREMsleep.ItisduringREMsleepperiod,yourbodywillsoonrelaxagain,yourbreathingwillslipgentlybackfromstage1tostage4sleep----onlytoriseonceagaintothesurfaceofnearconsciousnesssome80minuteslater.50.CellsandTemperatureCellscannotremainaliveoutsidecertainlimitsoftemperatureandmuchnarrowerlimitsmarktheboundariesofeffectivefunctioning.Enzymesystemsofmammalsandbirdsaremostefficientonlywithinanarrowrangearound37C;adepartureofafewdegreesfromthisvalueseriouslyimpairstheirfunctioning.Eventhoughcellscansurvivewiderfluctuationstheintegratedactionsof