英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解及歷年高考真題訓(xùn)練

英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解及歷年高考真題訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解及歷年高考真題訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解及歷年高考真題訓(xùn)練資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解及歷年高考真題訓(xùn)練版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：虛擬語(yǔ)氣第一節(jié)語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣（IndicativeMood），祈使語(yǔ)氣(ImperativeMood)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣（SubjunctiveMood）。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。第二節(jié)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。NOTE：使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：１．當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句“，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.如果你聽(tīng)我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了．２．在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式．Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.第四節(jié)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：should+動(dòng)詞原形（should可以省略）例如：It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我們要照顧好病人。這類(lèi)的形容詞還有advisable（可取的），appropriate（適當(dāng)?shù)模?，compulsary（必須的），crucial（關(guān)鍵的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（極為重要的）等。BItisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.that-clause句型中從句用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型，表示愿望，建議，請(qǐng)求等主觀意愿等。Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.Itisapity/ashame/nowonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advicethat…句型中從句也常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型,表示建議，命令，請(qǐng)求，道歉，懷疑，驚奇等。It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.二、用于賓語(yǔ)從句用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類(lèi)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。insist,suggest,order,command,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.注意：suggest當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Theteachersuggestedthatweshouldcleantheblackboardafterclass.老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿(mǎn)意．Heinsistedthatallofusbethereontimebyanymeans.他堅(jiān)持要求我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那里。Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián)．三、用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request/desire/recommendation/resolution等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略．MyadviceisthatyoushouldpracticespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.我的建議是你要盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。Thesuggestionthatthemayorshouldpresenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.每個(gè)人都接受由市長(zhǎng)頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金這一建議。第五節(jié)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中1.Itis(high/about)timethat…從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略．It’shightimewewenttothelaboratory.該是我們?nèi)?shí)驗(yàn)室的時(shí)候了。2.Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是．．．該有多好?。坏?；2.1表示與現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望。用過(guò)去時(shí)或would/could+動(dòng)詞原形表示；Ifonlyyoulistenedtous!要是你聽(tīng)我們的話該多好??！2.2與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：IfonlyIhadlistenedtothedoctor’sadvice!我要是聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的話就好了。3.wouldrather，wouldsooner,wouldassoon,wouldprefer+從句也常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示寧愿、但愿之意。這種虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示的不是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而是一種尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望3.1表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況：在上述詞后+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：Iwouldratheryoulefttoday.我寧愿你今天走。Iwouldsoonermydaughterattendedapublicschool.但愿我的女兒能上公立學(xué)校。Iwouldpreferhedidn’tstayheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在這兒待得太久。3.2表示過(guò)去的情況，在上述詞后+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：IwouldratherIhadn’tseenthatfilmyesterday.我寧愿昨天沒(méi)有看那場(chǎng)電影。4.asif(asthough)看起來(lái)evenif(eventhough)即使常用虛擬形式，其構(gòu)成形式與wish后賓語(yǔ)從句里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成形式相同，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反（從句意上判斷），用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式(haddone)，would/could+動(dòng)詞原形。例如：Thefootballfansofactasiftheywerecrazy.那些足球迷們經(jīng)常就像瘋了似的。（act與were發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間平面上）HeoftentalksaboutLondonasthoughhehadbeenthere.(hadbeenthere發(fā)生在talkes之前)他常常談起倫敦，就好像他去過(guò)那里似的。Sheoftentalksandtalksasifshewouldneverstop.(wouldneverstop后于talksandtalks發(fā)生)她常常講起來(lái)沒(méi)完沒(méi)了。5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在inorderthat,sothat,incase，lest，forfearthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"may(might)＋動(dòng)詞原形"或"should＋動(dòng)詞原形"。在以lest引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"should＋動(dòng)詞原形"。例如：Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。Heputhiscoatoverthechildforfearthathe(should)catchcold.他把外套給孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。6.wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)(表示與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)存在或先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞存在的與事實(shí)相反的愿望)IwishIwereabird.（were與wish發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間平面上）表過(guò)去過(guò)去完成時(shí)（從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生或存在，(that)+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）IwishyouhadcometoourChristmasparty.表將來(lái)would,might,could＋動(dòng)詞原形（從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生或存在）Iwishthattheraincouldstopsoon.虛擬語(yǔ)氣專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Jackwishesthathe_____businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A.studiedB.hadbeenstudyingC.studyD.hadstudied2.Themillionsofcalculationinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,_____allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.hadlostB.wouldloseC.wouldhavelostD.shouldhavelost3.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms_____backasearlyaspossible.A.mustbesentB.aresentC.willbesentD.besent.Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist_____thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly.A.hasmadesureB.mustmakesureC.madesureD.makesure5.Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms_____backbeforethedeadline.A.mustbesentB.besentC.wouldbesentD.weresent6.It’snecessary_____thedictionaryimmediately.A.thathewillreturnB.thathereturnC.thathereturnedD.thathehastoreturn7.Itisimportantthatenoughmoney_____tofundtheproject.A.becollectedB.wascollectedC.mustbecollectedD.canbecollected8.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTom_____tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.beassignedC.willbeassignedD.hasbeenassigned9.Thesuggestionthatthemayor_____theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.A.wouldpresentB.presentC.oughttopresentD.presents10.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_____.A.beputoffB.shouldputoffC.wasputoffD.istoputoff11.You_____himsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.A.shouldn’thavebeenfollowingB.mustn’tfollowC.couldn’thavebeenfollowingD.shouldn’tfollow12.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter_____inthesameoffice.A.doesnotworkB.hadnotworkedC.nottoworkD.didnotwork13.Wouldn’tyouratheryourchild_____tobedearly

A.goB.wouldgoC.wentD.goes14.I’dratheryou_____makeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.A.don’tB.didn’tC.wouldn’tD.shouldn’t15.Mike’suncleinsists_____inthishotel.A.stayingnotB.thathewouldnotstayC.nottostayD.thathenotstay16.AsCommander-in-Chiefofthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasures____forourdefense.A.hadbeentakenB.betakenC.wouldbetakenD.tobetaken17.Themanagerofthehotelrequeststhattheirguests_____after11:00p.m.A.nottoplayloudmusicB.don’tplayloudmusicC.shouldn’tplayloudmusicD.couldn’tplayloudmusic18.Wedesirethatthetourleader____usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.A.informB.informsC.informedD.hasinformed19.Hesuggested_____totomorrow’sexhibitiontogether.A.ustogoB.weshallgoC.wewentD.wego20.SometimesIwishI_____inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.A.belivingB.wouldliveC.werelivingD.wouldhavelived21.IwishI_____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.mighthavesleptC.sleptD.haveslept22.Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_____ajobsheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.hadgotC.weretogetD.couldhavegot23.Ifthewholeoperation_beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.A.wasnotplannedB.hadnotbeenplannedC.hasnotbeenplannedD.werenotplanned24.Hadheworkedharder,he_____theexams.A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldgetthroughC.wouldhavegotthroughD.couldgetthrough25._____beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A.HadtheyarrivedB.WeretheyarrivingC.WouldtheyarriveD.Weretheytoarrive26._____rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.A.WouldsheleaveB.WereshetoleaveC.IfsheleavesD.Ifshehadleft27._____formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.A.NotbeingB.WithoutbeingC.HaditnotbeenD.Nothavingbeen28._____foryourlaziness,youcouldhavefinishedtheassignmentbynow.A.HaditnotbeenB.Weren’titC.ItwerenotD.Hadnotitbeen29.Ifit_____toomuchtrouble,I’dloveacupoftea.A.isn’tB.weren’tC.wasn’tD.hadn’tbeen30.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_____now.A.wouldn’tbesmilingB.won’tsmileC.couldn’thavesmiledD.didn’tsmile31.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewe_____him.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.wouldtelephoneC.musthavetelephonedD.hadtelephoned32.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_____then.A.wouldhavebeenhereB.shouldbehereC.hadtobehereD.wouldbehere33.Somewomen____agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.A.mustmakeB.shouldhavemadeC.wouldmakeD.couldhavemade34.We_____tostartourownbusiness,butweneverhadenoughmoney.A.havehopedB.hadhopedC.wouldhopeD.shouldhope35.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_____himself.A.injureB.injuredC.hadinjuredD.wouldinjure36."Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou_______thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld",Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A.realizedB.realizeC.haverealizedD.shouldrealize37.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime_____

A.wearegoinghomeB.wewenthomeC.wegohomeD.wecangohome38.Ifonlythecommittee_____theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.A.approveB.canapproveC.willapproveD.wouldapprove39.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI_____youradvice.A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed40.I’msureheisuptothejob____hewouldgivehismindtoit.A.ifonlyB.incaseC.untilD.unless虛擬語(yǔ)氣歷年高考題1.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had2.Ifmycar____morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe3.We____thedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme

A.shouldfaceB.mightfaceC.couldhavefacedD.musthavefaced4.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe____moreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited5.Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe____there,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.havingaskedD.weretolive6.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I____thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon7.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe____itwithoutyou.A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged8._____fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube9.---DoyoumindifIopenthewindow---____Ifeelabitcold.A.Ofcoursenot.B.I’dratheryoudidn’t.C.Goahead.D.Whynot

10.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall11.Whatwouldhavehappened____,asfarastheriverbankA.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther12.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe____agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored13.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldn’tsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie14.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight___,toocoldforustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly15.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe___inturn,you____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot16._____forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot17.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe____ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe____amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has18.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome19.____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will20.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeD.hadbeen21.Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit____allday.A．rainedB.rainsC.hasrainedD.israining22.They___twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.A.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.get23.---Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe___toMiamibuttoNewYork

---Iagree,buttheproblemis___hehasrefusedto.

A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what24.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergyA．wouldhavebeensavedB．hadbeensavedC．willbesavedD．wassaved25.Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhe____meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold26.----Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.----Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables________.A.wouldn’tdieB.didn’tdieC.hadn’tdiedD.wouldn’thavedied27.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe____moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused28.Ifwe_____theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken29.---Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.---I_____it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended30.—Wherearethechildren

Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined．—Iwishthey____alwayslate．A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen答案與解析1.D譯文：杰克寧愿在大學(xué)學(xué)的是商務(wù)而不是歷史。本句是wish后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。在wish后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)。其主要形式有三種：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：wish+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞；表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：wish+主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)詞原形。2.C譯文：數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的相關(guān)計(jì)算，如果由人工操作的話，到計(jì)算完成時(shí)早已失去其實(shí)用價(jià)值。本句是條件句中與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。由省略if的從句(hadtheybeendonebyhand)中的時(shí)態(tài)可知，C為正確答案。3.D譯文：這些申請(qǐng)表盡快寄出是極其必要的。本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。在Itisimportant/necessary/…that-clause結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。這一結(jié)構(gòu)是否用虛擬語(yǔ)氣取決于主句Itisimportant/…that中的形容詞（如本句中的important）。4.D譯文：旅館接待員必須確保旅客登記正確，這點(diǎn)是很重要的。本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。5.B譯文：申請(qǐng)表務(wù)必在截止日期之前寄回。本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。6.B譯文：他必須馬上歸還字典。本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。7.A譯文：重要的是募集足夠的錢(qián)，為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供資金。本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。8.B譯文：湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是不合適的。本句涉及復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。在以it為形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)從句中也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬用法主要取決于作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形容詞advisable。9.B譯文：大家都接受了讓市長(zhǎng)發(fā)獎(jiǎng)的建議。

本句涉及同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。英語(yǔ)中在表示命令、建議、勸告、愿望、要求等詞后所接的同位語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(should)

+動(dòng)詞原形。常用的這類(lèi)詞有suggestion,advise,order,recommendation,requirement,command,proposal等名詞。10.A譯文：我們都支持你提出的推遲討論的建議。本句涉及同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。11.A譯文：你本不該跟他跟得這么緊；你本該保持一定距離的。本句涉及-暗含虛擬句?！皊hould/oughtnot+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示“本不應(yīng)該做某事，但卻做了”，含有某種責(zé)備的口氣?！皊hould/oughtto+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示“本應(yīng)該做某事，卻未做”。例如：Youshouldhavereturnedthebooklastweek.你本來(lái)應(yīng)該上周就該歸還這本書(shū)。（但上周并未還）12.D譯文：經(jīng)理寧愿他女兒不和他在同一個(gè)辦公室上班。本句涉及賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。在wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,mightaswell和wouldprefer等后面所跟的從句中，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿”、“但愿”。其形式為：①“wouldrather(wouldsooner…）＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)”表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況。②“wouldrather(wouldsooner…）＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去完成時(shí)”表示過(guò)去的情況。13.C譯文：你為何不讓你的孩子早點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)？本句涉及賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。14.B譯文：我倒是希望你對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題先別發(fā)表什么看法。本句涉及賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。英語(yǔ)中在wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,mightaswell和wouldprefer等后面所跟的從句中，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿”、“但愿”。15.D麥克的叔叔堅(jiān)持他不留在旅館里。本句涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。動(dòng)詞insist后接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)為“should+動(dòng)詞原形（should常省略）”。常這樣用的詞有：command,desire,demand,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest等。16.B譯文：我作為武裝部隊(duì)的總司令命令采取一切措施進(jìn)行防御。本句涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。17.C譯文：旅館的經(jīng)理懇請(qǐng)客人晚上11點(diǎn)后，音樂(lè)聲不要放得太響。本句涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。18.A譯文：我們要求導(dǎo)游立刻告訴我們計(jì)劃有什么變動(dòng)。本句涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。19.D譯文：他建議我們一塊去看明天的展覽。本句涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。20.C譯文：我有時(shí)希望自己生活在另一個(gè)時(shí)代和另一個(gè)地方。本句涉及動(dòng)詞wish后所接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。在wish后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)。其主要形式有三種：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：wish+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞；表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：wish+主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)詞原形。21.A譯文：我真希望今天早上能多睡一會(huì)兒，可我不得不起床去上課。本句涉及動(dòng)詞wish后所接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。22.C譯文：瓊不想馬上就工作，她想要是找了工作就不能馬上探訪朋友了。本句涉及if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“wereto+動(dòng)詞原形或should+動(dòng)詞原形”，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should(第一人稱(chēng)),would(第二、三人稱(chēng))+動(dòng)詞原形”。23.B譯文：要是整個(gè)手術(shù)當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有預(yù)先計(jì)劃好的話，大量的金錢(qián)和時(shí)間就白花了。本句涉及if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should或would+have+過(guò)去分詞”。24.C譯文：他當(dāng)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)努力的話，這次考試就通過(guò)了。本句涉及省略if的虛擬條件句。在正式文體中，有時(shí)可把虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將were,had,should等助動(dòng)詞(不包括行為動(dòng)詞)提到主語(yǔ)前面，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果句中沒(méi)有were,had或should時(shí)，既不能省略if，也不能倒裝。25.D譯文：我們后天走，要是他們?cè)谶@之前到達(dá)，我們就可以痛痛快快地撮一頓。本句涉及省略if的虛擬條件句。26.B譯文：她要是現(xiàn)在就走的話，星期天就到那兒了。本句涉及if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"wereto+動(dòng)詞原形或should+動(dòng)詞原形"，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should（第一人稱(chēng)）,would（第二、三人稱(chēng)）+動(dòng)詞原形”。如從句中省去if，主謂要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。27.C譯文：我當(dāng)時(shí)要是沒(méi)生病的話，就幫他了。本句涉及省略if的虛擬條件句。虛擬語(yǔ)氣也常用于“Ifitwere(hadbeen)notfor…”句型中，意為“要不是……”。Ifitwerenotfor…表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。從本句的主句來(lái)判斷，這是一句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，Ifithadnotbeenfor…表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相一致。在正式文體中，有時(shí)可把虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將were,had,should等助動(dòng)詞（不包括行為動(dòng)詞）提到主語(yǔ)前面，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果句中沒(méi)