初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等詞來表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打開了這扇門。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常見的八種，現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞clean為例列表說明：2、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化：以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和動(dòng)詞invite為例，列表說明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化：3、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞；其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成，"be+過去分詞"部分不變。如：Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那時(shí)桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時(shí)）Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：1、不知道或沒有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.這座橋是去年建造的。Hewaselectedchairman.他被選為主席。2、當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。此時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，不需要時(shí)可以省略。Theroomhasn'tbeencleanedyet.房間還沒有打掃。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他殺死了。3、當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。4、表示客觀的說明常用"Itis+過去分詞."句型。ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)大家相信他是個(gè)間諜。其它常見的"Itis+過去分詞+that"句型還有Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道Itissaidthat…據(jù)說Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itissuggestedthat…有人建議四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖示：1、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：（1）將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)：注意：如果主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.（2）將動(dòng)詞改為"be+過去分詞"。注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他們昨天開會(huì)了。（3）將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為be…放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。注意：如果原主語(yǔ)是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.2、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)：（1）主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)如果是people,we,you,they,somebody等含糊地表示"人們"、"大家"的單詞，變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句時(shí)，通常刪去"by…"，但原主語(yǔ)被強(qiáng)調(diào)者除外。如：Theysetupthishospitalin1975.→Thishospitalwassetupin1975.這所醫(yī)院建于1975年。Onlyhecanfinishthejob.→只有他能完成這項(xiàng)工作。Thejobcanbefinishedonlybyhim.這項(xiàng)工作只能由他來完成。（2）含有雙賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的句子，每個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，即其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告訴了我們真相。WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.五、動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意的動(dòng)詞多為連系動(dòng)詞，如：look,feel,smell等。下列動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)式：happen，cost，take，haveAnaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.（[轉(zhuǎn)載]新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。Thewatchlooksgood.這表看起來很好。Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。六、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例（以動(dòng)詞do為例）1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（am/is/are+done）Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的許多人都說英語(yǔ)。ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都舉行班會(huì)。Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。2．一般過去時(shí)(was/were+done)Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那個(gè)男孩打碎了。Hewassavedatlast.他最終獲救了。Mybikewasstolen.我的自行車被偷了。3．一般將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)(will/shallbe+done;would/shouldbe+done)Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一個(gè)演講。Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一條新馬路。Ithoughtthousandsofpeoplewouldbehelped.我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done)Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天這時(shí)，機(jī)器正在被修理。Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.問題正在被討論。Abusisbeingpushedbythepassengers.路人正在推一輛公共汽車。5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/hasbeen+done)Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme.這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。Severalsoldiershavealreadybeenkilledintheconflict.在沖突中已經(jīng)有幾名士兵被殺害。6．過去完成時(shí)(hadbeen+done)Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他們說已經(jīng)被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)了。Shefoundthehousehadbeendestroyedbythestorm.她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀。Hehadbeentorturedbytheillnessformanyyearsbeforehedied.他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)Ⅰ單項(xiàng)選擇1.Goodbooks____againandagain.A.shouldbereadedB.shouldbereadC.mustreadD.oughttoread2.Thechildren____bythenurse.A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten4.When____theaccident_____?A.was,happenB.did,happenC.is,happenD.was,happened5.Thequestion____byussoon.A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscussC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown10.He____bytheteachers.A.isalwayspraisedB.praisesC.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopenC.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing15.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking18.They______dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork19.Chang'anRoadis______ofpeople.A.filledB.fillC.fullsD.fulled20.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup21.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung22.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned23.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found24.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherj