初中英語被動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等詞來表示被動意義。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打開了這扇門。（主動語態(tài)）Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開了。（被動語態(tài)）二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。1、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)較常見的八種，現(xiàn)以動詞clean為例列表說明：2、被動語態(tài)的句式變化：以一般現(xiàn)在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態(tài)的句式變化：3、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞；其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，"be+過去分詞"部分不變。如：Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那時桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時）Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）三、被動語態(tài)的用法：1、不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.這座橋是去年建造的。Hewaselectedchairman.他被選為主席。2、當(dāng)更加強調(diào)動作的承受者時。此時動作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語動詞之后，不需要時可以省略。Theroomhasn'tbeencleanedyet.房間還沒有打掃。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他殺死了。3、當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時，多用被動語態(tài)。如：Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整個村莊都被洪水沖走了。4、表示客觀的說明常用"Itis+過去分詞."句型。ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國了。Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)大家相信他是個間諜。其它常見的"Itis+過去分詞+that"句型還有Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道Itissaidthat…據(jù)說Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itissuggestedthat…有人建議四、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖示：1、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟：（1）將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z：注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.（2）將動詞改為"be+過去分詞"。注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他們昨天開會了。（3）將主動語態(tài)的主語改為be…放在謂語動詞后。注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.2、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項：（1）主動句中的主語如果是people,we,you,they,somebody等含糊地表示"人們"、"大家"的單詞，變?yōu)橹鲃泳鋾r，通常刪去"by…"，但原主語被強調(diào)者除外。如：Theysetupthishospitalin1975.→Thishospitalwassetupin1975.這所醫(yī)院建于1975年。Onlyhecanfinishthejob.→只有他能完成這項工作。Thejobcanbefinishedonlybyhim.這項工作只能由他來完成。（2）含有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語的句子，每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告訴了我們真相。WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.五、動詞的主動形式表示被動之意以主動形式表示被動之意的動詞多為連系動詞，如：look,feel,smell等。下列動詞沒有被動式：happen，cost，take，haveAnaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.（[轉(zhuǎn)載]新目標(biāo)英語九年級被動語態(tài)）Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。Thewatchlooksgood.這表看起來很好。Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。六、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例（以動詞do為例）1．一般現(xiàn)在時（am/is/are+done）Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的許多人都說英語。ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都舉行班會。Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。2．一般過去時(was/were+done)Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那個男孩打碎了。Hewassavedatlast.他最終獲救了。Mybikewasstolen.我的自行車被偷了。3．一般將來時與過去將來時(will/shallbe+done;would/shouldbe+done)Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一個演講。Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一條新馬路。Ithoughtthousandsofpeoplewouldbehelped.我認為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。4．現(xiàn)在進行時與過去進行時(am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done)Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天這時，機器正在被修理。Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.問題正在被討論。Abusisbeingpushedbythepassengers.路人正在推一輛公共汽車。5．現(xiàn)在完成時(have/hasbeen+done)Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme.這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。Severalsoldiershavealreadybeenkilledintheconflict.在沖突中已經(jīng)有幾名士兵被殺害。6．過去完成時(hadbeen+done)Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他們說已經(jīng)被邀請參加晚會了。Shefoundthehousehadbeendestroyedbythestorm.她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀。Hehadbeentorturedbytheillnessformanyyearsbeforehedied.他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)Ⅰ單項選擇1.Goodbooks____againandagain.A.shouldbereadedB.shouldbereadC.mustreadD.oughttoread2.Thechildren____bythenurse.A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten4.When____theaccident_____?A.was,happenB.did,happenC.is,happenD.was,happened5.Thequestion____byussoon.A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscussC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown10.He____bytheteachers.A.isalwayspraisedB.praisesC.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopenC.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing15.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking18.They______dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork19.Chang'anRoadis______ofpeople.A.filledB.fillC.fullsD.fulled20.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup21.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung22.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned23.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found24.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherj