MBA英語翻譯歷年真題及參考答案

MBA英語翻譯歷年真題及參考答案2007年翻譯

SectionIVTransition(20points)

Directions：InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish．TranslatethepassageintoChineseandwithyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET．

Poweringthegreatongoingchangesofourtimeistheriseofhumancreativityasthedefiningfeatureofeconomiclife．Creativityhascometobevalued，becausenewtechnologies，newindustriesandnewwealthflowfromit．Andasaresult，ourlivesandSocietyhavebeguntoechowithcreativeideas．Itisourcommitmenttocreativityinitsvarieddimensionsthatformstheunderlyingspiritofourage．

Creativityisessentialtothewayweliveandworktoday，andinmanysensesalwayshasbeen.Thebigadvancesinstandardofliving--nottomentionthebigcompetitiveadvantagesinthemarketplace--alwayshavecomefrom“betterrecipes，notjustmorecooking．”O(jiān)nemightarguethat’snotstrictlytrue．Onemightpointout，forinstance，thatduringthelongperiodfromtheearlydaysontheIndustrialRevolutiontomoderntimes，muchofthegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfromcreativeinventionslikethesteamengine，butfromthewidespreadapplicationof“cookinginquantity”businessmethodslikemassivedivisionoflabor，concentrationofassets，verticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale．Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreativedevelopments．

推動當(dāng)今社會巨大變化的動力是人類創(chuàng)造力的崛起。作為經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的一個(gè)顯著特征，創(chuàng)造力已開始受到重視，因?yàn)楦鞣N新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)業(yè)和新財(cái)富源源不斷地隨之而生。其結(jié)果是我們的生活和社會中充滿了創(chuàng)造性思想。正是我們在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域里各種各樣的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造構(gòu)成了當(dāng)今社會的精神基礎(chǔ)。

創(chuàng)造力對我們當(dāng)今的生活和工作方式至關(guān)重要，而且從各種意義上來說，一向如此。生活水平的顯著提高-----更不用說市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的強(qiáng)大競爭優(yōu)勢，總是源于“更好地烹飪法，而不是更多的烹制品”。也許有人認(rèn)為這種說法不一定嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。比如他會指出，從最初的工業(yè)革命到現(xiàn)代社會這一漫長的時(shí)期內(nèi)，工業(yè)化國家生產(chǎn)力的提高和物質(zhì)財(cái)富的積累，很多都不是來自諸如蒸汽機(jī)之類的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，而是來自“大量烹制”式的企業(yè)管理方法的廣泛運(yùn)用，如大規(guī)模的勞動力分工、資產(chǎn)的集中、縱向整合及規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)等。但是其實(shí)這些方法本身就是創(chuàng)新。

2006年翻譯

SectionIVTranslation(20point)

Directions:inthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefiveunderlinedsentencesintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET

Thesmoothlandingofshuttle(航天飛機(jī))Discoveryendedaflightthatwassuccessfulinalmosteveryrespectbutone:thedislodgingofabigchunkoffoam,liketheonethatdoomedtheColumbia.Thisflightwassupposedtovaulttheshuttlefleetbackintospaceafteraprolongedgroundingforrepairs.Butgiventherepeatoftheveryproblemthattwoyearsofretoolingwassupposedtoresolve,theverdictisnecessarilymixed.(61)Onceagain,thespaceagencyhasbeenforcedtoputofftheflightuntilitcanfindasolutiontotheproblem,andnooneseemswillingtoguesshowlongthatmaytake.

TheDiscoveryastronautsperformedsuperblyduringtheirtwo-weekmission,andtheshuttlelookedbetterthaneverinsomerespects.(62)Spaceofficialswerejustifiablyhappythatsomuchhadgonewell,despitedailyworriesoverpossiblerisks.Theflightclearlyachieveditsprimeobjectives.

Theastronautstransferredtonsofcargototheinternationalspacestation,whichhasbeenlimpingalongoverheadwithareducedcrewandlimitedsuppliescarrieduponsmallerRussianspacecraft.(63)Theyreplacedabrokendevice,repairedanotherandcartedawayaloadofrubbishthathadbeenleftonthestation,showingtheshuttlecanbringfullloadsbackdownfromspace.

Thiswasthemostscrutinizedshuttleflightever,withthevehicleundergoingcloseinspectionwhilestillinorbit.(64)Newsensingandphotographicequipmenttolookforpotentiallydangerousdamagetothesensitiveexternalskinprovedvaluable.Anewbackflipmaneuverallowedstationastronautstophotographtheshuttle'sunderbelly,andanextra-longroboticarmenabledastronautsseepartsoftheshuttlethatwerepreviouslyoutofsight.

(65).Thefloodofimagesandtheopennessindiscussingitsuncertaintiesaboutpotentialhazardssometimesmadeitappearthattheshuttlewasabouttofallapart.Intheendthedamagewasclearlytolerable.Amuch-toutedspacewalktorepairtheshuttle'sskin-thefirstofitskind-movedanastronautcloseenoughtopluckoutsomeprotrudingmaterialwithhishand.PreliminaryevidenceindicatesthatDiscoveryhasfarfewernicksandgougesthanshuttlesonpreviousflights,perhapsshowingthatimprovementstoreducethesheddingofdebrisfromtheexternalfueltankhavehadsomesuccess.

參考譯文：

(61)

航天機(jī)構(gòu)被迫再次推遲飛行，直到找到解決問題的方案。似乎沒有人愿意猜測這一推遲可能會持續(xù)多長時(shí)間。

(62)

航天局的官員完全有理由為此感到高興，雖然每天都在擔(dān)心可能會發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)，但這么多的工作都進(jìn)展順利。這次飛行明顯實(shí)現(xiàn)了它的主要目標(biāo)。

(63)

他們替換了一個(gè)破損的儀器，修好了另外一個(gè)儀器，清理掉了太空站上留下的垃圾—這表明航天飛機(jī)可以滿載太空上的物品，返回地球。

(64)

事實(shí)表明，用新的傳感和照相設(shè)備來探尋敏感的機(jī)體外殼上潛在的損傷，這是有用/有效的。

(65).

大量的圖像和公開討論關(guān)于它的潛在危險(xiǎn)的不確定性，有時(shí)使人覺得航天飛機(jī)仿佛快要解體。最終，他的損傷是明顯可以承受的。

2005年翻譯

SectionIVTranslation

Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesighttoidentifynewproductsandservices,aswellasmarketsforthoseproductsandservices.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldpromptagrocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.(56)Anartmuseumdirectorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomakeexhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.

Foresightmayrevealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecomecrises.(57)Forinstance,acapablecorporatemanagermightseeanalarmingriseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilledworkersintheregion.

Thepublic’schangingvaluesandpriorities,aswellasemergingtechnologies,demographicshifts,aswellasemergingtechnologies,demographicshifts,economicconstraints(oropportunities),andenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsoftheincreasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead.

(58)Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly,toplanbudgets,andtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwithahostofmewproblemsemergingrapidadvancesintechnology.

Evenatthecommunitylevel,foresightiscritical:schoolofficials,forexample,needforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodate,numbersofteacherstohire,neweducationaltechnologiestodeploy,andnewskillsforstudents(andtheirteachers)todevelop.

(59)Manyofthebest-knowntechniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplaners,especiallyinthemilitary,“thinkingabouttheunthinkable”.PioneeringfuturistsattheRANDcorporation(thefirst“thinktank”)beganseriouslyconsideringwhatnewtechnologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.Ssecurity.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRAND,alongwithotherselsewhere,refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.

(60)Thefuturistsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld,sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhataboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylookingsystematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.

(56)

具有遠(yuǎn)見的藝術(shù)博物館館長可能會緊跟/順應(yīng)電腦圖形圖像的流行趨勢，使展品對較年輕的參觀者更具吸引力。

(57)

例如，能干的公司經(jīng)理可能會注意到當(dāng)?shù)胤績r(jià)驚人暴漲，這可能會影響在該地區(qū)雇傭熟練工人。

(58)

政府工作人員同樣也需要遠(yuǎn)見來保持各個(gè)部門的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、制定預(yù)算、和防止戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)。

(59)

以往的許多最著名的超前的/前衛(wèi)的技術(shù)是由政府的規(guī)劃者/決策者研發(fā)出來的，尤其是在軍事技術(shù)方面：“思考不可思議的事?！?/p>

(60)未來學(xué)家意識到，未來世界是現(xiàn)今世界的延續(xù)，因此通過有系統(tǒng)地觀察現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事，我們能了解到很多未來可能發(fā)生的事。

2004年翻譯

SectionVTranslation(10points)

Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET2.

March27,1997,dawnedasanormaldayattheCollins'home.Bythemiddleofthemorning,JackCollinswasathisdesk,writingchecks,payingbillsthewayhealwayshad:ontime.Thenthephonerang,andthenightmarebegan.

(71)Aninvestigatorforabankwasontheline,askinginaseverevoicewhyCollins,auniversityphysicist,waslateonpaymentsfora$27,000car,boughtinVirginiathepreviousyear."Idon'thaveacarlikethis,"Collinsprotested.ThelasttimehehadsetfootinVir~niawasasanofficeratasubmarinebase,threedecadesago.Buthisnamewasonthecontract,andsowashisSocialSecurityNumber.

Duringthemonthsthatensued,heandhiswifelearnedthatsomeonehadboughtfourmorecarsand28otheritems--worth$113,000inallmintheirname.Theirhithertogoodcreditrecordhadbeendestroyed.(72)"Afteralifetimeofbeinghonest,"saysCollins,"allofasuddenIwasbasicallybeingaccusedofstealingandtreatedlikeacriminal."

Thisiswhatitmeanstofallpreytoanonviolentbutfrighteningandfast-growingcrime:identitytheft.Ithappenstoatleast500,000newvictimseachyear,accordingtogovernmentfigures.

(73)AndithappensveryeasilybecauseeveryidentificationnumberyouhavemSocialSecurity,creditcardsdriver'slicense,telephonem"isakeythatunlockssomestorageofmoneyorgoods,"saysafraud(欺詐)programmanageroftheUSPostalService."SoifyouthrowawayyourcreditcardreceiptandIgetitandusethenumberonit,I'mnotbecomingyou,buttothecreditcardcompanyI'vebecomeyouraccount."

(74)Onemajorproblemsexpertssay,isthattheSocialSecurityNumber(SSN)–originallymeantonlyforretirementbenefitandtaxpurposes--hasbecometheuniversalwaytoidentifypeople.Itisusedasidentificationbythemilitary,collegesandinbillionsofcommercialtransactions.

YetashrewdthiefcaneasilysnatchyourSSN,notonlybystealingyourwallet,butalsobytakingmailfromyourbox,goingthroughyourtrashfordiscardedreceiptsandbillsoraskingforitoverthephoneonsomepretext.

UsingyourSSN,thethiefappliesforacreditcardinyourname,askingthatitbesenttoadifferentaddressthanyours,andusesitformultiplepurchases.Acoupleofmonthslaterthecreditcardcompany,oritsdebtcollectionagency,pressesyouforpayment.

Youdon'thavetopaythedebt,butyoumustcleanupyourdamagedcreditrecord.(75)Thatmeansgettingameansgettingapolicereportandcopyoftheerroneouscontract,andthenusingthemtoclearthefraudfromyourcreditreportswhichisheldbyacreditbureau.Eachstepcanrequireahugeamountofeffort.

參考譯文：

(71)

家銀行的調(diào)查員打來電話，用嚴(yán)厲的口吻質(zhì)問柯林斯—一位在大學(xué)里工作的物理學(xué)家—為什么拖欠去年在弗吉尼亞買的一輛汽車所花的2.7萬美元。

(72)

“我一輩子都誠實(shí)待人，”柯林斯說，“突然之間，我被指控偷竊，并且被當(dāng)作罪犯一樣對待。”

(73)

美國郵政總局的一位負(fù)責(zé)詐騙案的項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理說，“這類事很容易發(fā)生，因?yàn)槟闼钟械拿恳环N身份證件號碼，譬如社會保險(xiǎn)卡、信用卡、駕照以及電話號碼，“都是開啟你存儲錢物的密碼?！?/p>

(74)

專家們認(rèn)為，主要問題在于，原來只用于領(lǐng)取退休養(yǎng)老金和征稅的社會保險(xiǎn)卡號碼現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成了確認(rèn)身份的普遍方式。

(75)

這就意味著你必須得到一份警方報(bào)告單和假冒/弄錯(cuò)了的合同的復(fù)印件，然后用這些材料消除掉你的信用報(bào)告中的欺詐記錄，信用報(bào)告由信用管理局保管。

2003年翻譯

SectionVTranslation(10points)

Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET2.

Lange,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.(71)ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandarefactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploy60percentoftheworkforceandexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2,000.Some1.2millionsmallformshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepast6yearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally.thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.(72)Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso.atleastforawhile,bebookkeepersandreceptionists,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytodisappearintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-ups,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.(73)MostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortableinEightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse,intheirzeal,toexpand.Smallbusinessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.(74)Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoreintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeansthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.(75)Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquerthenewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotideas.

(71)

但是，絕大多數(shù)美國人沒有認(rèn)識到的是，國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的活力依賴于那些小型商店和飯館，以及街道公益事業(yè)和街道工廠的財(cái)富/命運(yùn)。

(72)

中層管理人員，因?yàn)楣颈徊①徎蛑亟M而被迫離開公司，并為了生計(jì)另找出路時(shí)，可能會欣賞自己做老板的念頭，但是也可能忘記了企業(yè)家也必須至少在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)也要做計(jì)帳員和接待員。

(73)

大多數(shù)人把他們的成功歸結(jié)為他們選擇了他們在過去已經(jīng)熟練的行業(yè)。其中80%的人在過去的工作中就和同樣的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)打過交道。

(74)

他們滿懷希望地不斷向企業(yè)投錢，不愿意承認(rèn)其利潤空間正在受到侵蝕，而這意味著他們富有創(chuàng)意的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)市場已經(jīng)消失，或者，他們必須削減工資或者搬出奢華的辦公室。

(75)

為了抓住機(jī)會，你必須發(fā)現(xiàn)信號：該是占領(lǐng)新市場的時(shí)候了；該是增加產(chǎn)品類型的時(shí)候了；或者也許該是推銷你的“金點(diǎn)子”的時(shí)候了。

2002年翻譯

SectionVTranslation(10points)

Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET2.

Geniusissomethingthatisdifficulttomeasuretomeasurequantitativelysinceitisauniquequality,althoughmostofuscanrecognizegeniuswhenweseeitorhearit.(71)Bycontrastintelligenceispossiblyeasiertoquantifyandlikegeniusisapolygenic①characterthatcanbemoulded②bytheenvironment.

Intelligenceisaqualitativetrait,whichdoeshaveageneticcomponent,butithasasingledimensionofexpression.(72)Thereareseverallimitationsinmeasuringintelligencebyalinear③scalerangingfromdulltobright,sinceindividualsdiffergreatlyintheirgenotypes④.Anynumberofgenecombinationmaypredisposeanindividualtomusicalgenius,ortopainting,ortodesigningcomputerprograms,etc.Thepossessionofanyoneoftheseabilitiesmayormaynotbeassociatedwithanother.Moreover,thesamegenotypemaybeexpressedinmarkedlydifferentwaysinmarkedlydifferentenvironments.

(73)Forexample,intelligencequotienttestscoresvaryconsiderablywithillnessanddisease,educational,socialandeconomiclevels???—eventheskincoloroftheexaminerconductingtheIQtestmayhaveasignificanteffect!Thereisalsodifficultyindecidingwhatintelligenceshouldbeappliedtolean?Isitrelatedtotheenquiringmindortomotivation?

ConsequentlycomparisonsbetweenanIQtestgiventoaUniversitystudentandtoanAborigineinAustraliawillgivemeaninglessresults,sincethetestismostunlikelytomeasurethesamebehavior.(74)Notonlyarethegenotypesandtheenvironmentsofthesetwoindividualstotallydifferent,buttheirmotivationsforachievementinparticularactivitieswillbedifferent.

Indeed,assomearticles,whichtheproblemsmentionedaboveshow,peoplewhobelievetheycanestimategeneticandenvironmentalcontributionstodifferencesinintelligencebetweenracesarestatisticallyna?ve.

(75)Ifsomeracesorsocialgroupsinthehumanpopulationcanbeinferiorinintelligence,itopensupthepossibilitythatsomesegregationistsorpoliticianscouldbringinlegislationorpoliciestosuppressoreveneliminatesuchracesorgroupsinthepopulation.

Historycertainlyshowsthatthissuggestionisquitelikelywhenruthlessareinpositionsofpower.

Canyouseewhythefalsescientificconclusionscouldbecomedangeroussociallyandpolitically?

Notes:

(1)Polygenic:havingmanygenes

(2)Mould:toshapeorform

(3)Linear:oflines

(4)Genotypes:typesofgene

(71)

相反，智力也許更容易量化，而且它像天賦一樣，具有一種能夠被環(huán)境塑造的多基因特征。

(72)

因?yàn)楦魅嗽诨蝾愋蜕嫌泻艽蟮牟町悾杂靡环N從愚昧到聰明的直線性尺度來衡量智力是有一定的局限性的。

(73)

比方說，智商測驗(yàn)的得分，會由于疾病狀況、教育程度、社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)水平而有很大的差異，甚至實(shí)施智商測驗(yàn)的主考人的膚色也會對得分有重大的影響。

(74)

這兩個(gè)人不僅是基因類型和生活環(huán)境完全不同，而且他們完成某些活動的動機(jī)也極不相同。

(75)

如果人類中某些種族或社會群體在智力上是劣等的，那么就會使某些種族隔離主義者或政客有可能去制定法律或政策來壓迫，甚至消滅這些種族和群體。

2001年翻譯

PARTⅣTranslation(15%)

Directions:.InthispartthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet..

(56)Thetypesofdaydreams,whethertheyarepleasantandhopefulorfilledwithdespairtakeshapeinchildhoodwheneveryonedevelopsoneofthreebasicdaydreamingstyles:positive,negativeandscattered,AmericanHealthreports.Althougheveryonelapsesoccasionallyintoeachofthesetypes,positivedaydreamersaremorelikelytoimaginehappy,playfulorentertainingofthesetypes,positivedaydreamersaremorelikelytoimaginehappy,playfulorentertainingscenarios.(57)Negativedaydreamerstendtodwellonlife’sdarkerside,imaginingdangerousand/orlifethreateningsituations,suchastheappearanceofafatalorweakeningdiseaseorbecomingavictimofviolence.Scattereddaydreamersareeasilyboredanddistracted."Theirment