英語國際音標(biāo)發(fā)音與訓(xùn)練(小升初)

英語國際音標(biāo)發(fā)音與訓(xùn)練（小升初）一、英語字母與英語音素：1.英語中有26個(gè)字母，其中5個(gè)元音字母：a,e,i,o,u。它們的音標(biāo)分別是：/ei/,/i:/,/ai/,/??/,/ju:/。剩下的21個(gè)字母都是輔音字母。2.英語音素：48個(gè)。元音音素：20個(gè)，輔音音素：28個(gè)。3.元音音素：12個(gè)單元音，8個(gè)雙元音。4.單元音：前元音：/i://I//e//?/中元音：/?//?://?/后元音：/://?//u://?//ɑ:/5.雙元音：合口雙元音：/eI//??//ɑI//ɑ?//I/集中雙元音：/I?//e?//??/6.輔音：英語爆破輔音：/p//b//t//d//k//g/英語摩擦輔音：/f//v//?//e//s//z//?//?//h//r/英語破擦輔音：/?//?/英語鼻音輔音：/m//n//?/英語舌側(cè)輔音：/l//?/英語半元音：/w//j/英語輔音連綴：/tr//dr//ts//dz/二、英語音素與練習(xí)：（1）元音音素：1.單元音：前元音：/i:/：me,he,be,bee,see,sea,tea,she,tree,three,eat,meat,meet,green,jeans,between,teenager,fifteen,meal,sheep,east,need,feel,peach,each,teach,teacher,meter,sweet,see,week,weak,weekend,read,fever,clean,easy,speech,feed,leave,agree,keep,people,free,speak,season,reason,/I/:in,this,will,his,six,miss,pink,sing,ill,kill,still,ticket,sit,it,bit,pick,sick,did,chick,lip,fish,milk,swim,ship,quick,lip,big,fill,pig,sister,dinner,wind,window,skipping,clinic,thin,rich,busy,wish,dish,finish,little,sing,spring,city,delicious/e/:get,let,pet,desk,yes,chess,next,text,best,met,pen,pencil,bed,west,guest,tennis,egg,red,net,rest,set,test,wet,lend,mend,tell,well,fell,letter,sweater,head,bench,bread,many,ten,seven,end,medicine,help,check,yes,then,menu,never,ever,lesson,very,says,said,/?/：fat,map,and,land,man,plan,bag,cat,apple,fan,Japan,dad,sad,sand,lad,stamp,black,hat,cap,ambulance,angry,have,catch,carry,stand,travel,hand,rabbit,animal,lamp,cabbage,family,dragon,Africa,bank,Saturday,can,candy,camera,act,happy,candle,than,that,thank,glad,matter,bad,happen,handsome,math,taxi,中元音：/?/：but,come,cut,must,bus,us,up,color,mother,such,uncle,duck,luck,lucky,fun,funny,sun,sunny,love,worry,son,brother,other,another,study,lunch,Sunday,under,umbrella,number,nothing,wonderful,run,running,young,cover,above,money,much,cup,cousin,monkey,Monday,summer,brush,trouble,something,some,just,supper,country,/?:/：girl,shirt,bird,skirt,nurse,work,worker,first,thirteen,third,thirty,dirty,thirsty,worth,birth,birthday,circle,world,her,early,turn,person,Thursday,worm,prefer,certain,temperature,heard,learn,earth,/?/：teacher,mother,father,sister,brother,farmer,driver,singer,dancer,worker,answer,under,visitor,waiter,writer,bigger,winter,soldier,meter,theater,manager,cleaner,ruler,eraser,woman,picture,future,camera,tiger,actor,China,number,after,后元音：/?:/：four,for,short,door,floor,more,before,wall,call,all,tall,ball,draw,saw,horse,or,daughter,report,reporter,boring,warm,talk,your,north,forty,sport,autumn,fall,important,bought,thought,ought,because,corn,corner,born,store,score,/?/：box,dog,doctor,doll,often,lot,top,boss,chopstick,shop,job,sock,office,coffee,got,golf,long,hospital,orange,lost,bottle,crocodile,tomorrow,borrow,cost,hot,on,wash,watch,song,follow,what,stop,fox,frog,wallet,not,sorry,/u:/：too,zoo,room,pool,food,goose,tooth,school,stool,soon,moon,kangaroo,cool,noon,tool,fool,broom,cartoon,choose,shoot,afternoon,juice,blue,noodles,true,truth,fruit,shoes,through,lose,group,do,ruler,two,/?/：good,cook,took,book,foot,stood,wood,look,wool,classroom,bathroom,bedroom,mushroom,boyhood,woman,put,full,notebook,could,would,should,wolf,sugar,push,oo字母組合發(fā)短音的常見8個(gè)單詞：Agoodcooktookabook,hisfootstoodbythewoodandlooked.好廚師拿書，腳站樹林看。/ɑ:/：far,father,glass,grass,garden,car,farm,farmer,large,ask,fast,bath,party,arm,are,star,start,bar,part,heart,dark,last,park,guitar,giraffe,market,card,banana,basket,basketball,class,hard,art,artist,pass,park,laugh,2.雙元音：合口雙元音：/eI/：table,plate,cake,radio,beefsteak,take,make,same,name,play,great,stay,day,say,today,birthday,may,place,space,eight,wait,waiter,maybe,pain,again,save,way,always,case,gray,afraid,/??/：go,ago,so,no,nose,home,those,rose,hope,alone,potato,tomato,boat,goat,coat,tomorrow,row,oh,OK,kilo,lonely,know,piano,yellow,grow,bowl,own,show,low,cold,/ɑI/：I,kite,bike,white,five,knife,ice,rice,nice,write,Mike,mice,time,nine,while,eye,sky,pie,lie,die,light,right,night,fly,my,mind,quite,cry,buy,tired,fine,/ɑ?/：house,cow,how,now,down,about,out,mouse,flower,blouse,sound,mountain,count,hour,ground,found,round,brown,crowd,/?I/：boy,toy,coin,oil,boil,noise,point,joy,join,enjoy,voice,choice集中雙元音：/I?/：ear,deer,dear,here,hear,tear,beer,theater,museum,clear,year,cheer,appear,serious,fear,near,engineer,/e?/：pear,pair,air,airport,chair,hair,fair,square,care,careful,there,bear,where,wear,their,theirs,/??/：poor,sure,tour,tourist,jewel,cruel,Europe,（2）輔音音素：1.清輔成對(duì)輔音(20個(gè))：[p]-[b][t]-[d][k]-[g][f]-[v][s]-[z][θ]-[e][?]-[?][ts]-[dz][t?]-[d?][tr]-[dr]/p/:penmaphelpcheappencilpaperapplehappyappear/b/:bagbybedboybusbluerabbitcabbage/t/:tentimenotgettablebottlebottomlittleprettywatchedwashed/d/:deskdoordaydogadddaddymiddleplayedcleanedclimbedanswered/k/:catcomecutclockcrypictureschoolChristmaschemistrybookbikecakekiteKatelook/g/:gogirlbiggeteggbiggerbiggestguessgreatgladgamegolfagainglassgrassgoatGoddoggoal/f/:fivefishfinefamilyfifteenphotophoneelephantlaughenoughoffcoffee/v/:veryfivehaveofleavevoicevisitvisitorthemselves/s/:nicecitycyclesitsixsomebususeusdeskbooksmissclass/z/:ishispleasemusiclosehusbandapplesleavesthievesknivessizeexerciseprizezooreason/θ/:threethankmonththinthoughtthreethrowtoothteethsouthnorthmonthmouththrough/e/:thisthewiththanbreathethoughmotherfathertherethatthesethose/?/:sheshoeshortshopwashsureAsiaspecialsufficientdelicious/?/:usuallytelevisionpleasuregarage/ts/:shirtshurtscoatscostsgoatsLet’skitesgatesdatespizza/dz/:bedsbirdshandsfriendsdecides/t?/:chairmuchlunchChinawatchpicturequestionteachteacherrichfutureeachreach/d?/:agepagehugeorangegentlegentlemangeneralbridgeporridgejudgejumpjacketjustJuneJimsandwich/tr/:treetriptrytruetruthtrain/dr/:dressdrivehundredchildrendrinkdrydrawdream2.單個(gè)輔音（8個(gè)）：/h/:heherhavehandheadhairwhowhomwhosehardhomehello/r/:redrightthreesorryworryhurrycarrycarrotwritewrong/l/:letlookpleaselakepeopletellfulltillbell/m/:manmeatmeettimecommoncommunicateclimblambautumn/n/:nameniceninenearunderknowknifeAnn/?/:singlongyoungmorningthankthinkinkpinkEnglish/w/:wewindowworkwalkwhatwhywherewhite/j/:yesyouyearyellowyoungonionreviewmillionbillionEurope三、開音節(jié)與閉音節(jié)：一、開音節(jié)：1.分類：開音節(jié)分兩種，一種叫絕對(duì)開音節(jié)，一種叫相對(duì)開音節(jié)。①絕對(duì)開音節(jié)：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)元音字母后面沒有輔音字母的重讀音節(jié)。例如：nosheheweby...②相對(duì)開音節(jié)：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)元音字母后面加單個(gè)輔音字母，再加一個(gè)不發(fā)音字母e構(gòu)成的重讀音節(jié)。例如：namethesebikehomeexcuselike...2.元音字母在開音節(jié)中的讀音：①絕對(duì)開音節(jié)：以一個(gè)元音字母結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)。這個(gè)元音字母在單詞中發(fā)它在字母表中的音，即它本身的讀音。如：no,he。②相對(duì)開音節(jié)：在含有一個(gè)元音字母的重讀音節(jié)中，在元音字母后有一個(gè)輔音字母(r除外)與一個(gè)不發(fā)音的字母e，也是開音節(jié)。這個(gè)元音字母發(fā)它本身的音?？梢杂幂o+元+輔+e來記住。如：name,fine。3.發(fā)音練習(xí)：①絕對(duì)開音節(jié)：ta-blepo-ta-toba-byla-dyA-myna-tionhemewebeshese-crethiChi-nabi-cyclenosohel-logoso-fa(do,to除外）me-nustu-dentmu-sicu-sually3.發(fā)音練習(xí)：②相對(duì)開音節(jié)：namesametakelatefameracedatehatecakegateagewavesavetable(have例外）theseChi-neseJapa-nesethemescenecomp-letefinelineminetimekitebikenicerisede-cideninelikeicedrivetwicewiserosehopenosehopephonehomehugeuseex-cuse二、閉音節(jié)：含有一個(gè)元音字母，并以輔音字母(r,w除外)結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)為閉音節(jié)。例：map，desk，is。在重讀的閉音節(jié)中元音字母讀做短元音。英語重讀閉音節(jié)就是所謂的元音字母不是發(fā)它本身的字母音，重讀閉音節(jié)就是指在一個(gè)音節(jié)中，以輔音音素結(jié)尾的而且是重讀音節(jié)的音節(jié)比如apple劃音節(jié)就應(yīng)該是ap/ple前面那個(gè)ap是一個(gè)音節(jié)以輔音音素結(jié)尾就是閉音節(jié)。重讀閉音節(jié)就要雙寫.重讀閉音節(jié)即兩個(gè)輔音中間夾一個(gè)元音.如:sitsittingbeginbeginning(重讀在gin這個(gè)音節(jié)上，相當(dāng)與把gin改成雙寫的)putputtingswimswimmingshopshopping像travel這種重讀不在的vel，可以為travelled，也可以是traveled舉兩個(gè)很經(jīng)典的例子：forbidforbidding(重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫)prohibitprohibiting（重讀在第二音節(jié)，非重讀閉音節(jié)，不雙寫）三、元音字母在開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)的讀音：元音字母重讀非重讀絕對(duì)開音節(jié)相對(duì)開音節(jié)閉音節(jié)a[ei][ei][?][?]e[i:][i:][e][i]i[ai][ai][i][i]o[?u][?u][?][?]u[（j）u:][（j）u:][?]或[u][?](1)Aa1．[ei]a在開音節(jié)中：發(fā)字母音，后面有不發(fā)音的eface臉grade年級(jí)；cake蛋糕；lake湖;make制造；take拿到；snake蛇；name名字;same相同；plane飛機(jī)；grapes葡萄；date日期;Kate凱特；2．[?]a在閉音節(jié)中：black黑色的；dad爸爸；sad悲傷的；bag書包；am是；Sam薩姆lamp燈；a一（個(gè)）；can能；fan電風(fēng)扇；man男人；and和；hand手；thank感謝；map地圖；(2)Ee1．[i:]e在開音節(jié)中：發(fā)字母音