動詞不定式用法與專項練習(xí)

旦空地動詞不定式：to+do或do動詞不定式由to+動詞原形組成，是動詞的一種非謂語形式。它可以帶賓語，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，在句子中起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，因此在句中可充當(dāng)謂語以外的任何成分，即主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)和同謂語。動詞不定在句中的語法功能（1）動詞不定式（短語）作主語Toloveistobeloved.愛別人就是被人愛。Toteachistogive.教書就是奉獻(xiàn)。注意：1）在口語中，動詞不定式作主語時常用形式主語it,而真正的主語則被置于句子后部。Italwayspaystobehonest.老實不吃虧。Itisofgreatimportancetosolvethehousingproblem.侶昆決住房「可題是彳艮重要白勺。Itwilltakemethreehourstodothisjob.干這個工作我花了三個小時。2）假如動詞不定式要帶邏輯主語，則需用介詞of或for來引導(dǎo)。It'sgoodformetohaveatalkwithyou.我很高興和你交談。ItisreallyimportantforstudentstolearnEnglishwell.對學(xué)生們來說，學(xué)好英語很重要。Itispossibleforallnationstounitetogetridoftheterrorists.所有國家攜手鏟除恐怖分子，這是可以做到的。ItisstupidofJohntohelpsuchashamelessgirl.約翰真傻，竟去幫助這樣一個無恥的女孩。Itiscruelofmantokillanimalsinsuchacasualmanner.人類如此隨便地屠殺動物，真是殘忍。It'sunfairoftheteachertosingle（vt.挑選）LiMingoutforpraise.老師單挑李民來表揚是不公平的。能用于介詞of結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有:good,nice,kind,bad,cruel,wicked,clever,bright,wise,silly,foolish,stupid,selfless,sensible,selfish,insensible,polite,fair,generous,rude,unfair,mean等。這些形容詞主要表示做這件事的人的品格或素質(zhì)。能用于介詞for結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有:important,necessary,impossible,better,worse,easy,difficultheavy,light等。3）在疑問句或感嘆句中，要用it來作主語.Isitworthourwhiletoholdsuchalongmeeting?值得我們開這樣長時間的會嗎？Whatgoodnewsitisformetohearthatmybrotherhasgothisvisa（［'viz?］n.簽證）toAmerica!對我來說，聽到弟弟拿到去美國的簽證該是多好的消息啊?。?）動詞不定式（短語）作賓語Iwillleaveittoyoutomakethefinaldecision.我將由你來做最后的決定。Shedecidedtoquitherjobatlast.最后，她決定辭職。Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望很快見到你。注意：1）在以下這些動詞后面只能跟動詞不定式（短語）作賓語:afford,agree,aim,ask,claim,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,threaten,wish,want等。然而以下動詞后面既可跟動詞不定式（短語）又可跟動名詞（短語），但意思有的有差另U,有的相同：attempt,begin,continue,deserve,disdain（［d?s'dein］vt.不屑）,dread,endure,fear,forget,hate,help,intend,learn,like,love,mean,need,neglect,omit（［?u'mit］vt.遺漏；省田各；刪去）,prefer,proceed（［pr?'si:d］開女臺，著手，出發(fā)［+to-v］）,propose,regret,remember,start,begin,try,want等。Hedisdainsgoingtothecinema.他不屑于去看電影。Hedisdainstositwithpeoplelikeus.他不屑與我們這等人同席而坐。Heneglectedtowriteandsay'Thankyou.'他因疏忽而未寫信道謝。Don'tneglectwritingtoyourmother.另U忘了給你母親寫信。2）在should（would）like,love,prefer等之后必須用動詞不定式（短語）。I'dliketogiveyouabighand.我想用掌聲歡迎您。I'dlovetocometoChinaagainsomeday我愿意來日再訪中國。3）在下列及物動詞后一般可跟”疑問詞+動詞不定式短語":advise,ask,decide,findout,instruct,know,forget,imagine,learn,observe,remember,tell,think,understand,wonder等。Idon'tknowwhattodo.我不知道該怎么力、。Thechildrenarelearninghowtoplaythegame.孩子們在學(xué)做游戲。（3）動詞不定式（短語）作表語ThemostimportantthingfortheUnitedstatestodonowistorescuethewounded.現(xiàn)在，對美國來說，最重要白勺是搶救傷員。注意：1）動詞不定式（短語）作表語，可用主動形式表示被動含義的結(jié)構(gòu)有toblame,tolet.Whoistoblame?誰該受到責(zé)備？Thehouseistolet.該房屋出租。Suspectsarestilltofindout.兇手還有待查明。2）beto含有按計劃，按排命令將做的事或應(yīng)該，可能，注定將發(fā)生的事。Wearetomeetonceaweek.我們按計劃將一個月碰一次頭。（安排）Whenistheexaminationtobeheld?考試按規(guī)定什么時候舉行？（計劃或規(guī)定）Youaretocomeatonce.你得按指令馬上來。（命令）Whatistobedone?應(yīng)該怎么辦？（應(yīng)該）Thekeyisnowheretobefound.哪兒也找不到鑰匙。（可能）AmInevertoseeheragain?難道我就永遠(yuǎn)見不到她了嗎？（注定）（4）動詞不定式（短語）作賓語補(bǔ)足語或在被動語態(tài)中作主語補(bǔ)足語賓語與其賓補(bǔ)或主語與其主補(bǔ)形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。We'dloveyoutogiveusahand.我們想讓你幫個忙。Hewasmadetorepairthebrokenchair.要他修理弄壞的椅子。Shewasseentodrawawonderfulpicture.有人見她作了幅美麗的畫兒。注意：1）在一些動詞后，用作賓語補(bǔ)語的動詞不定式符號to要省略掉。這類動詞包括感官動詞以及使役動詞，如feel,spot,lookat,listento,observe,see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等。但如果句子為被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式（短語）為主補(bǔ)時，要帶to（let除外）。Iheardhersingasonginthenextroomyesterday.我昨天聽見她在隔壁唱過一首歌。旦空地（Shewasheardtosingasonginthenextroomyesterday.）IhadJohnfixmybike.我讓約翰修理我的自行車。Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.這男孩被迫早上床睡覺。Shewasseentowalkintotheclassroomwithabookunderherarm.有人看見她胳臂下夾著一本書走進(jìn)了教室。2）有些動詞后面的賓語*卜語常是tobe,這樣的動詞有:believe,consider,declare,find,imagine,know,prove,suppose,understand等。Iwillconsiderhimtobeanhonestman.我會認(rèn)為他是一個誠實白勺人。Shewasbelievedtobeinnocent.大家者K木目信她是清白白勺。3）下列動詞后不能跟”名詞或代詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)admit,confess,demand,explain,hope,propose,suggest等。Mymothersuggestedthatwe（should）finishourhomeworkbeforewatchingTV.媽媽建議我們做完作業(yè)后才看電視。（不能說MymothersuggestedustofinishourhomeworkbeforewatchingTV）Ihopedthatthebuswouldcomeearly.我希望公共汽車能快點來。（不能說Ihopedthebustocomeearly.但可以說Ihopeforthebustocomeearly.類似結(jié)構(gòu)有waitforsb.todo；arrangeforsb.todo等）（5）動詞不定式（短語）作定語：動詞不定式（短語）作定語需后置。與所修飾的詞有主謂或動賓關(guān)系。Whenthequestionwasout,hewasthefirstonetoraisehishand.問題一提出，他第一個舉起手。Thisterroristattackisalessontoremember.這次恐怖襲擊事件是個應(yīng)該記取的教訓(xùn)。IamafraidIcannotattendyourparty,forIhavetoomanythingstodo.恐怕我不能參加你的晚會了，因為我有好多事情要做。1）當(dāng)被修飾的是不定代詞如everything,anything,much,little等，或被修飾的名詞前被形容詞最高級，序數(shù)詞，theonly等強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)修飾時，非謂語動詞作定語則只能用動詞不定式。Hewasthelasttorealizetheimportanceofthisproblem.他沒有及H寸意識至U問題的重要T生。2）如被修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語，且動詞不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，則后面需跟成為搭配的介詞。Whoisthemantotalkto?要談話的人是誰？Heisatoughteachertodealwith.他是個很難對付的老師。Ineedapentowritewith.我需要一支筆寫字（6）動詞不定式（短語）作狀語動詞不定式（短語）作狀語可以表示目的，結(jié)果，原因等。▲目的狀語Thewholefamilycameouttoseemyperformance.全家人出來看我表演。Hecalledtosaygoodbye.他打電話來道另U。注意：如要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，可以把動詞不定式（短語）置于句首，前面加上inorder，但不能用soa品否定必須用inordernot+動詞不定式（短語）或soasnot+動詞不定式（短語），不能用not+動詞不定式（短語）。Inordertocatchthefirstbus,wehavetogetupearly.為了趕上早班車,我們只得早起。Let'shurrysoasnottobelateforclass.咱們快點，免得上課遲至1J?！Y(jié)果狀語Werushedtotherailwaystationonlytofind（表示出乎意料）thetrainhadjustleft.我們匆匆趕到火車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車剛剛離開了。Hestudiedhardonlytofail.他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,但卻沒及格。ShewenttoSouthChinafiveyearsago,nevertoreturn.她五年前去了華南，結(jié)果從未返回。注意：1）so???asto??-,such-asto…，enoug矽totoo??-to等結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞不定式（短語）都表示結(jié)果。Thisbasketplayerissotallandstrongastobelikeagiant.這個籃球運動員又高又壯，就像一個巨人。Herintensefeelingsaresuchastomovethepresentintotears.她的感情如此之切，使在場的人都流下了眼淚。Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.他搬起石頭，結(jié)果卻砸了自己的腳。Iamtootiredtomove.我太累了，竟無法走動。2）在too??-to結(jié)構(gòu)中，若too后面的形容詞為ready,eager,easy,inclined,anxious,apt,willing,glad,pleased等詞時，動詞不定式（短語）不再含否定的意思。too在此可以被理解為very的意思。在too???to…的變體only/but/alltoo??-to???;can't（cannever）betoo??-to…；notto??中，句子不再含否定的意思。Sheistooreadytohelp.她極其樂于幫助別人。Iamtoopleasedtoseeyouagain.又見到你，我簡直太高興了。Wearetooapttooverlookourownfaults.我們很容易忽視自身的錯誤。Iamonlytoodelightedtoacceptthegift.我非常高興接受這件禮物。Youknowbuttoowelltoholdyourtongue.你深知保持緘默的好。That'sonlytootrue.那是千真萬確的?！驙钫Z動詞不定式（短語）常跟在一些形容詞后面，說明產(chǎn)生這些情緒的原因。這類形容詞有：happy,ashamed,surprised,grieved,frightened,sorry,glad,delighted,eager,disappointed,right,excited,ready,clever,bored等。Iamsorrytointerruptyou.對不起，要打擾你了。Thefatherwassurprisedtolearnthathissonspentmoneylikewater.得知兒子花錢如流水，父親感至V彳艮吃驚。Wewillbeveryhappytoworkonthisprojectwithyou.和您一起合作這個項目，我們感到很高興。（7）動詞不定式（短語）作獨立成分動詞不定式（短語）可以用來作句子的獨立成分。這些短語有：tobeginwith（首先），totellthetruth（truthtotell）（說實在的），tomakealongstoryshort（長話短說）,sotospeak（可以這么說）,tobebrief（簡言之）,tobeexact（確切地說）,tobefrank（坦率地說）,todosb.justice（說句公道話），toconclude（總而言之）等。Tobeginwith,I'dliketointroducemyselftoyouall.首先，我想給你們作一下自我介紹。Hehasalready,sotospeak,beenalivingdead.他可以說已經(jīng)是一具行尸走肉了。旦空地Tobefrankwithyou,Idon'tloveyouanymore.老實對你說吧，我已經(jīng)不再愛你了。Toconclude,energyisexhaustible,sowehavetopreserveitforourfuturegenerations.總而言之，能量并不是用之不竭的，因此我們必須為后代保留一些。動詞不定式(短語)作同位語，說明被修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容Myhope,tobeadoctor,hasbeenrealized.我當(dāng)醫(yī)生的夢想已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了。Hiswish,tolandonthemoon,willhardlycometrue.他登上月球的愿望彳艮難成真。動詞不定式的省略(1)動詞不定式省略to的各種用法▲在感官動詞和使役的動詞后面作賓補(bǔ)。(請參閱4)▲在donothing(anything/everything)but(except)后面Wecandonothingbutwait.除了等待，我們別無他法。Shecandoeverythingbutdance.除了不會跳舞，她什么都行?！赼nd,or,than后面當(dāng)幾個動詞不定式具有同樣的功能，由and,or,than連接，則to只用于第一個不定式之前。Ifyouwanttoearnalotofmoneyandliveabetterlife,youhavetoworkharder.假如你想多賺錢，過上好日子，你就得更加努力地工作。Doyouwanttogoshoppingorgofishing?你想去購物還是去釣魚？Itisbettertogofishingthangoshopping.釣魚上匕購物好。在why,whynot后面當(dāng)why,whynot表示建議時，后面的動詞不定式省去to。Whynotcomeandseeme?何不到我這兒來？Whygetupsoearly?為何起的這么早？▲在下面這些短語后面時，動詞不定式省去to.ratherthan;wouldrather??-than;wouldsooner??-than;hadbetter;can't(couldn't)help^;can'tbutI'dliketostayathomeratherthangotoschool.我寧愿呆在家里，也不愿去上學(xué)。Hewouldratherdiethangivein.他寧死不屈。We'dbetterstoparguing.我們最好不要爭執(zhí)了。Mostpeoplewouldsoonertakeupajobathomethantrytheirluckabroadnow.如今，好多人寧愿在國內(nèi)工作也不愿去國外碰運氣。Wecan'thelpbutgohomeonfoot.我們沒法子，只能步行回家。主語是由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句或由all或the(mostimportant)thing+定語從句構(gòu)成，而從句中的謂語動詞是do(did,does)時，作表語的動詞不定式(短語)是解釋do(did,does)的具體內(nèi)容，則引導(dǎo)動詞不定式的to可省去。ThemostimportantthingIshoulddois(to)findajob.對我來說眼下最要緊的是找份工作。Whathemustdonowis(to)apologizetohisteacherforbeinglate.他現(xiàn)在必須做的是因遲到而向老師道歉。AllIcandois(to)cry.除了哭，我別無法子?！趍akedowith(設(shè)法應(yīng)付),makebelieve(假裝),letgoof(放開,解雇),heartellof(聽到),gohang(不再被關(guān)心，不管，見鬼去)等固定搭配中動詞不定式不用toWehavetomakedowiththesecondbest.我們只得將就地使用二手貨。Wecan'tletthingsgohang.我們不能任其自然。Hemadebelieveheknewnothingaboutit.他彳段裝對此事——無所知。"Letgoofmyhand."thegirlshouted.那女孩大喊道："放開我的手。"I'veoftenheardtellofthewonderfulperformancehegives,butI'veneverseenthem.我經(jīng)常聽人說到他的演出很好，但我從未見過他表演。(2)動詞不定式中原形動詞的省略為避免重復(fù)，有時可用不定式的符號to來代表動詞不定式。-Wouldyouliketohavesomecoffee?您要來點咖啡嗎？-Yes,I'dliketo.好的，來一點。Ifyoudon'twanttobuyit,youdon'tneedto.假如你不想買的話，你就不要買。注意：可以這樣省略主要動詞的動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有：hopeto,agreeto,bewillingto,wantto,refuseto,failto,manageto,wouldliketo,offerto等。動詞不定式的否定式動詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由not或never加動詞不定式(短語)構(gòu)成。Wedecidednottogothere.我們決定不去那兒了。Iwishednevertoseehimagain.我希望永不再見到她。Thebackgroundmusicinanassemblylineisdesignednottobelistenedto.流水線里的背景音樂不是供人欣賞的。動詞不定式的主動語態(tài)表示被動的情況▲主語+系動詞+表語+動詞不定式當(dāng)作表語的某些形容詞被動詞不定式修飾時，動詞不定式與句子主語之間存在著邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，動詞不定式可以用主動式代替被動式。Thisproblemisdifficulttosolve.這個問題很難解決。Thatnoveliseasytoread.那本小說較容易讀?？梢赃@樣用的形容詞有:fine,hard,heavy,important,nice,painful,pleasant,possible,safe,simple,strange,difficult,easy,expensive,dangerous,convenient等there+be句型中在therebe句型中，動詞不定式用主動式來表示被動的含義。Therearealotofpeople(forme)tovisit.有好多人要拜訪。Thereismuchworktodo.有許多工作要做。旦空地have+賓語+動詞不定式作定語結(jié)構(gòu)中當(dāng)have表示”有"，而動詞不定式與賓語之間存在著邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，并且句子的主語是動詞不定式動作的執(zhí)行者時，動詞不定式一般用主動式。Ihavealotofmeetingstoattendthisweek.本周我有許多會議要參加。Hehasmanythingstodo.他有好多事要做。在too??-to???,enoughto吉構(gòu)中，動詞不定式總是用主動語態(tài)。Thisessayistoodifficulttoread.這篇文章彳艮難讀。Thisproblemiseasyenoughtodealwith.這個問題處理起來彳艮簡單。動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)：▲動詞不定式的一般式動詞不定式的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作是同時發(fā)生或?qū)⒃谄浜蟀l(fā)生的。Theyarelearningtosinganddance他們在學(xué)習(xí)歌舞。WehavetogetsomemoneytobuyaTVset.我們得賺些錢來買臺電視機(jī)?！鴦釉~不定式的進(jìn)行式動詞不定式的進(jìn)行式表示的動作是與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生的，而且正在進(jìn)行中。該結(jié)構(gòu)也常與always,constantly,rapidly,fast,slowly等副詞連用。Theweatherseemstobeimproving.天氣彳以乎在好轉(zhuǎn)。Heseemedalwaystobewashinghishands.他好象老是在洗手。Comeon,it'stimetobemakingfor（前往，走向）school.好了，是上學(xué)的時候了?！鴦釉~不定式的完成式動詞不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語的動作之前。Iampleasedtohaveseenyou.見至U了你，我彳艮高興。Hepretendednottohaveseenmewhenpassingbyyesterday.他昨天從我身邊經(jīng)過時彳段裝沒看至U我。語態(tài)：▲動詞不定式的被動式Ifeltalittlebitpuzzledtobeaskedsuchaquestion.被問了這樣一個問題，我有點迷惑不解。Iwishtobeexcused.我請求原諒。Thisbookisintendedtobereadbutnottobestoredaway.這本書是供人閱讀而不是收藏的。Thisinfectiousdiseaseissaidtohavebeenwipedoutmanyyearsago.這種傳染病據(jù)說好多年前就已經(jīng)滅絕了。Helenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard*ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepicturesinyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.forming*D.havingformedThemaninsistedataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfinding*D.infindingTheoldman,abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked*Youweresillynotyourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelocked*C.lockingD.havinglockedDon'tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.running*C.beingrunD.torunWhenflint（電石）tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introduced*C.introduceD.beingintroduced"Wecan'tgooutinthisweather,"saidBob,outofthewindow.A.looking*B.tolookC.lookedD.havinglookedMyadvisorencouragedasummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake*10.inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.Havingwaited*D.TohavewaitedLindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,as3M.A.knowingB.known*C.beingknownD.tobeknownSarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimetobeforetheparty.A.getchanged*B.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochangebythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtostayanothertwodaysoffthefarm.A.AttractingB.Attracted*C.TobeattractedD.HavingattractedIdon'tknowwhetheryouhappenthatI'mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard*Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetold*C.tellingD.toldHavingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtimetheexam.A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing*withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesn'tseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared*theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.Nothavingcompleted*D.Havingnotcompleted旦空地Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,betterit—you'vegotsomebigbillscoming.A.forget*B.forgotC.forgettingD.toforgetAccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweekTV.A.towatchB.towatchingC.watching*D.watchThefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causeB.beingcausedC.tobecaused*D.tohavecausedTheflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smelling*C.smeltD.tobesmeltThedisc,digitallyinthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.recorded*B.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecordedHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists,.A.doctorscametotheirrescuethetallbuildingcollapsed*C.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotouristsRobertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudied*B.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.A.carriedout*B.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryoutI'veworkedwithchildbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpect*C.tobeexpectingD.expectsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.Havingsuffered*B.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedHavingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseen*C.seeingD.seenTheresearchissodesignedthatoncenothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun*ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit*D.todowhatwithitAcookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smoking*C.tosmokeD.smokedI'mgoingtothesuperketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything?A.tobebuyingB.tobuy*C.forbuyingD.boughtThepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremainastheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seated*D.tobeseatingVictorapologizedfortoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingable*D.himtobenotableSuddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriagethegirlandtookheraway,intothewoods.A.seizing,disappearedB.seized,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing*Key:DCCDB6.BBADC11.BABDB16.DDCAC21.CBABA26.ABABD31.CBBCCD【答案解析】D.因為Hellen要使自己講的話被別人聽到，所以要用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，即：makeherselfheard；又因為makeherselfheard是shout的目的，所以用不定式。C.form表示出現(xiàn)、產(chǎn)生”，是不及物動詞，又因為pictures與form是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。C.因為insist后要么接that從句，要么接onsth.或ondoingsth.，沒有別的接法，所以選C。insistondoing堅持要做某事。D.因workabroadfortwentyyears發(fā)生在謂語動作（返回祖國）之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。B.因為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語只能修飾謂語，而不定式作狀語，既可修飾謂語又可修修飾形容詞或副詞，此處修飾形容詞silly，要用不定式。又因為沒有鎖車”發(fā)生在謂語之前，所以用完成式。B.因句中的thewater與run是主動關(guān)系，故選B。leavesthdoingsth意為使某物一直在做某事”。B.因為flint與introduce（引入）是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。A.lookingoutofthewindow為伴隨狀語。D.因為在encourage,persuade,tell,ask,want,order,force等后要用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。encouragesb.todosth.意為鼓勵某人做某事”。C.因等了半個小時”發(fā)生在realized之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。B.因為the??-company與know是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞短語作定語，knownas3M=whichwasknownas3M。A.getchanged意為換衣服”。比較：getpaid（獲得報酬），getdressed傍衣服）等。B.因為句子主語thegirl與attract是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞短語作狀語，表示原因。D.因為happen后接動詞不定式是表示碰巧做某事"；又hear發(fā)生在謂語don'tkno此前，所以要用不定式的完成式。句意是：我不知道你是否已經(jīng)聽說過了，今年九月我要去美國學(xué)習(xí)。B.因為only是提醒我們要用不定式表示結(jié)果的一個重要標(biāo)志詞；不定式表示結(jié)果，不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語之后；又因為thenewsreporters與tell是被動關(guān)系，所以要用不定式的被動式。D.因為haveahardtimedoingsth.與havedifficultydoingsth.相當(dāng)，意為在做某事方面有困難”。D.因為thebiggestocean與compare是被動關(guān)系，所以要用過去分詞。Whencomparedwith??-=Whenthebiggestoceaniscompared旦空地with??-=Whenwecomparethebiggestoceanwith??C.首先，非謂語動詞的否定式要將not,never等放在非謂語動詞的前面，所以不能選D。其次，由于沒有完成”與決定再呆兩周”有先后關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。A.因為口語中youhadbetter常被說成you'dbetter甚至說成better,本句就屬這種情況，其后要接不帶to的不定式，即：動詞原形。C.此題考查spend...（in）doingsth句型。C.因為bebelieved/thought/supposed/said/reported等后要接動詞不定式，排除A和B；又因為theflu與cause是被動關(guān)系，所以要用不定式的被動式。Thefluisbelievedtobecausedby...=Itisbelieved/Peoplebelievethatthefluiscausedby...B.一是因為發(fā)出香味”與吸引游客”是同時發(fā)生的，且smell作為連系動詞沒有被動形式，所以答案選B。A.因為thedisc（唱片）與record（錄制）是被動關(guān)系，這又是已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事，所以要用過去分詞短語作定語。B.非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子主語一致。根據(jù)句意，受到攻擊的應(yīng)是高樓”，而不是其他，故選BoA。此題考查不定式的完成時。據(jù)說他曾到國外留過學(xué)”，由studied可知留學(xué)”這個動作已結(jié)束并發(fā)生在謂語動作issaid之前，所以要用完成式。A。此句考查過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，句中的that引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，它替代先行詞theplan在從句中作see的賓語，theplan與carryout是被動關(guān)系，因此，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。即seetheplancarriedoutthenextyear.B。此題考查疑問詞+不定式在句中作賓語。Iknowwhattoexpectinmynewjob.意為我知道在新工作中期待什么”。A。本句考查現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時作狀語。句意為遭受如此嚴(yán)重的污染之后，現(xiàn)在凈化這條河也許為時已晚了”。有already暗示可知suffer發(fā)生在cleanup之前，因此要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。B。remain作尚待”解，要接不定式作表語，it是形式主語，指代whethertheywillenjoyit。see與it之間是動賓關(guān)系，因此用不定式的被動式。itremainstobeseen是習(xí)慣用語，意為還要看情況發(fā)展”。Do連詞+分詞”作狀語時，其邏輯主語為句子的主語。句子主語與分詞的之間是主動關(guān)系時用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。theresearch與begin是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞begun。C。此題的考查目標(biāo)與NMET2000同。whattodowith為常用搭配結(jié)構(gòu)，意為處置，利用”。句意為據(jù)說澳大利亞有太多陸地，政府不知如何利用Bofind后面可以接由其語+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不帶to的不定式”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動，不定式表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。根據(jù)句意如果廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房吸煙，立即就會被解雇”可知cook與smoke之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。findsb.doingsth意為發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事"。B?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ。不定式作后置定語，一般用主動形式表示被動意義。句意為今下午我要去超級市場，你有東西要買嗎？”C?？疾檫^去分詞作表語。句意為飛機(jī)登陸時，飛行員要求所有飛機(jī)上的乘客坐著不動”。remain是系動詞，seated作表語，表示狀態(tài)。C?？疾閯用~的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式由名詞所有格或物主代詞+not+動名詞”構(gòu)成。句意為“Victor沒能通知我計劃的改變向我道歉"。D。由有句中的and可知第一空所填的動詞與took是并列謂語，故用seized;第二空是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。句意住那個姑娘并把她帶走了，消失在森林里”。動詞不定式專題練習(xí)Thiscompanywasthefirstportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.producedThepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomakeHelenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardIdon'tknowwhetheryouhappen,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheardThenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldYouweresillynotyourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedTheteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeAnarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissuedI'ratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,thanaroomwithsomeoneelse.A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharingThebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbedAnumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelievedinafire.A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyedThemeetingnextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplaceAsaresultofmylaziness,Ifailedmyworkintime.A.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinishedIamsorrywrittenyoualetteratthetime.A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothavingWillyoulendhimamagazine?A.tobereadB.forreadingC.toreadD.heread旦空地Hecoulddonothingbutforthebus.A.wait,tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waited;came17.Itisaproblemthatdoesn'tneedrightnow.A.tosolveB.solvingC.beingsolvedD.tobesolvingThere'samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeanstrouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeIrememberhimthebikeneeded.A.hearing,saying,torepairB.tohear,say,torepairC.hearing,say,repairingD.tohear,saying,toberepaired-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhereA.todoB.toC.doingD.doingsoRobertissaidtoabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingI'mgongtoXi'annextweek.Haveyouanythingjoaroniis?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobeboughttoD.tobuywhenaretheyintheirplan?A.handB.handedC.tohandD.giveInsuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurvivedD.willsurviveWhenwehurriedtothestation,therehappenednobusatthattime.A.tohaveB.tobeC.havingD.beingIlostmywayincompletedarknessand,mattersworse,itbegantorain.A.madeB.havingmadeC.makingD.tomakeAttimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,thoughsheisalwaystoobusyagoodrest.A.no,totakeB.no,takingC.any,totakeD.one,taking--Areyouastudent?--No,butIused.A.tobeB.towasC.todoD.tobeaIstoppedtolisten,andmysonseemedhimselfinthelivingroom.A.toenjoy,toshutB.tobeenjoying,shuttingC.tobeenjoying,shutD.tohaveenjoyed,havingshutWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledWe'releavingatsixo'clock,andhopemostofthejourneybylunchtime.A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tomakeD.tohavemadeThestudyofthewildworldmayhelptomaketheworldeasier.A.understoodB.tobeunderstoodC.tounderstandD.understandWhowillyougettheprojectforus?A.designB.todesignC.designedD.designingItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknow.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithitWearenotallowedoutdoorswithsomeotherchildren.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplayingAllenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuchShefeelssostronglythateachofusshouldhavearoleinmakingtheearthabetterplacetolivein.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplayingWhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingittoDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappearseverything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldTherearefivepairs,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingTheproblemisdifficultforus.A.so;workoutB.verytoo;tobeworkedoutC.rathertoo,toworkoutD.quitetoo,toworkitout---WhereshouldImyapplication?---Thepersonnelofficeistheplace.A.send;tosenditB.sendfor;tosendittoC.sendfor;forsendingitD.send;tosendittoI'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.expectsD.tobeexpectingIfeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblameCanyouimaginethequestionsIhadourteacher?A.askedB.toaskC.askingD.askWhodidyouthewallyesterday?A.havepaintedB.havepaintC.havetopaintD.havepainting---What'sthematterwithJohn?---Hedidn'tpassthetestbuthestill.A.hopessoB.hopestoC.hopeitD.hopethat旦空地Muchattentionshouldbepaidpeople'slivingconditions.A.inimprovingB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimprovingthateveningwasduetohisillhealth.A.HefailedtocomeB.ThathefailedtocomingC.HisfailuretocomeD.HisfailureincomingIwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneMyfamilyconsidersacomputer,whichisconsideredagreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobeB.buying;beingC.tobuy;beingD.buying;tobeWiththeplaneintenminutes,allthepassengersonboardwereaskedtoturnofftheirmobilephones.A.takenoffB.takingoffC.totakeoffD.wouldtakeoffThankyouforallthetroubleyou'vetakenme.A.tohelpB.withtohelpC.inhelpingD.ofhelpingHeisbelievedthecollegeexam,forheisnowstudyingveryhardnow.A.topassB.tohavepassedC.passD.thathecanpass---Willyouhaveanybodytheflowers?——Yes,I'llhavetheflowers.A.plant,plantedB.toplant,plantedC.plant;tobeplantedD.toplant,plantTheyarelookingforwardwithhopefromyousoon.A.tohearingB.ofhearingC.hearingD.tohearBusytranslatingabook,hecouldn'thelphsriieticle.B.writingC.wroteD.writtenZhouLandoesn'thavetobemade.Shealwaysstudiesveryhard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learnedthiscake,you'llneed2eggs,175gsugar,and175gflour.A.Havingmade,B,MakeC.TomakeD.MakingIfeelitanhonourtospeakhere.A.tobeaskedB.toaskC.havingaskedD.asked1-10BCDDBBDACB11-20DABCCABBCB21-30ABCBBDAACC31-40BCBCCABCDB41-50CDBABBBDCB51-60DCAAAAABCAHeissaidtotohiscountrybecauseanewpresidentcomesintopower.A.beallowedtoreturnB.allowtoreturnC.allowreturningD.beallowedreturningHespokeinsuchahighvoiceatthefurtherendoftheroom.A.astobeheardB.tobeheardC.astohearD.tohear---Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?---newofficers.A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.TohaveselectInAustralia,hemadealotoffriendsausingpracticalknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage.A.togetB.getC.gettingD.gotToplayfairisasimportantas.A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwellWeagreed__herebutsofarshehastrturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.eatingC.tomeetD.tohavemetRatherthanonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.A.ride,rideB.riding,rideC.ride,torideD.toride,ridingTheboywanttoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto---Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?---No,butsometimes,IwishI.A.hadtimetoB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.havetimeI'lldowhateverIcanmyEnglish.A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimprovingCouldyoutellmethewayyou'vethoughtof?A.todoitB.doingitC.doitD.hastodoitHewasoftenlistenedinthenextroom.A.singB.sungC.totosingD.tosingingWouldyoubeshutthewindow?A.enoughkindtoB.kindenoughnottoC.kindenoughtoD.sokindenoughastoDon'ttakethemedicine,itcarnthelp__ridofyourcold.A.gettingB.togetC.togettingD.getsMygrandmotherseemstohavealot__.A.worryaboutB.toworryC.tobeworriedD.toworryaboutEveryminutesismadefullofourlessons.A.touse,studyB.use,studyingC.useful,tostudyD.use,tostudyIwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneYoushouldn'altowgamesneartheclassroom,foritstoonoisy.旦空地A.studentplayingB.playC.studentstoplayD.toplayThewaiterwasmade__totheguest.A.apologizeB.apologizingC.toapologizeD.tobeapologizingWhomwouldyourather__thework?A.tohavetodoB.tohavedoC.havetodoD.havedoIhadmeantonyou,butIwassobusy.A.callB.tocallC.callingD.becalling---Doyouoftenhavesomeoneyourclothes?---Yes,Ioftenhavethem.A.wash,towashB.towash,washedC.washed,washD.wash,washedSheactuallyheardaboutit,buthepretended__.A.tohearnotB.nothearingC.tonothearD.nottoPiecesofbambooorwoodbooksbetween2ndand5thcenturyAD.A.usedtoformedB.usedtoformC.wereusedtoformD.usedtobeforming---Whydidyoumovethetableoverthere?---thenewsofa?A.ShareroomwithB.TomakeroomforC.GivenroomforD.SavingroomforAmiddle-agedwomancametothebusstoponlythebushadgone.A.torun,findingB.running,tofindC.andran,foundD.running,findToknowwhatisgoodandaretwodifferentthings.A.knowingwhatiswrongB.dowhatisrightC.todowhatisrightD.doingwhatisrightSmithappearsalongtime.Heisimpatientformyarrival.A.towaitB.tobewaitingC.tohavewaitedD.tohavebeenwaitingOurprofessorhasjustcomebackfromaboard.Heseemshistripverymuch.A.toenjoyB.tohaveenjoyedC.tobeenjoyingD.tohavebeenenjoying---WhyhasJacknotcomeyetnow?Anythingwrongwithhim?---Hedidn'tpassthetestbuthestill.A.hopessoB.hopesthatC.hopestoD.hopesitThehousesarefortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt---Whydidyoucomealongwayround?---IwasafraidnearthefiercedogbecauseIwasafraid.A.ofwalking,tobebittenB.towalk,ofbeingbittenC.towalk,tobebittenD.ofwalking,ofbeingbittenHeissaidinthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.tohavebeenbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.beingbadlytreatedD.tobetreatedbadlySomekidswishpeoplewouldn'tkeeponhow,yearsago,childrenweremadefarmorerespecttotheirelders.A.pointout,showB.pointingout,showingC.pointingout,toshowD.topointing,toshowThelastpersonthesinkingshipwasthecaptain.A.leftB.leaveC.toleaveD.tobeleavingThebankisreportedintheeveningnewspaperinboarddaylightyesterday.A.beingrobbingB.toberobbedC.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbed---Whywashefined?---Hehappenedtoseveralflowersinthepark.A.beseenpickB.beseenpickingC.becaughttopickD.catchpicking---Doyouhaveanythingmore,sir?---No,youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.A.typingB.tobetypedC.typedD.totypeDon'tyouthinkthequestiontomorrowisofgreatimportance?A.beingdiscussedB.discussedC.tobediscussedD.todiscussAnotherman-madeearthsatelliteisreportedinBeijingEveningNewsintoorbityesterday.A.tohavebeenputB.tobeputC.tohaveputD.havingbeenput---I'mterriblysorry