醫(yī)學(xué)英語常用前后綴(精華)

醫(yī)學(xué)英語常用前后綴(精華)醫(yī)學(xué)英語常用前后綴(精華)醫(yī)學(xué)英語常用前后綴(精華)資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月醫(yī)學(xué)英語常用前后綴(精華)版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：醫(yī)學(xué)英語常用前后綴

醫(yī)學(xué)英語中單詞頗多,但醫(yī)學(xué)英語的學(xué)習(xí)有個技巧就是學(xué)習(xí)前后綴,不過醫(yī)學(xué)英語中的前后綴也說實話也有很多的.可還是有一些前后綴是最常用的,掌握了他們你其實可以猜出大部分的醫(yī)學(xué)英語單詞的意思.下面小輩列出這些最常用的供參考.

1．人體主要器官前綴名稱通用名前（后）綴常用形容詞示例

心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology

腦brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology

肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology

肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology

胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology

膽gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy

腸intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy

腎kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2．與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關(guān)的前（后）綴名稱通用名前（后）綴示例

血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular

靜脈veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction

動脈arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis

肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神經(jīng)nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron

細(xì)胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital

體bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3．與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前綴數(shù)字前綴示例

一（單）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional

二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide

三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve

四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund

七h(yuǎn)epta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八octa-octahedral/octalsystem

九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon

十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位數(shù)的表示一般為：個位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）

4．顏色及與顏色有關(guān)的前綴顏色通用名前綴示例

色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer

紅rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer

白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黃yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

藍(lán)bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫violet/purple

綠green

棕brownbrownmixture/brownring

橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG

粉紅pinkoinkfrothysputum

緋紅crimson

青銅bronzedbronzeddiabetes

注：有些病名的“藍(lán)”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.

5．與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(1)含義前（后）綴形容詞示例

病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病態(tài)-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多l(xiāng)eukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

減少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

無a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet

micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage

-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

復(fù)合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

6．與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(2)含義前（后）綴示例

相反dis-

disease/disorder/disability

困難/障礙dys-

dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良mal-

malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎癥-itis

appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/塊-oma

lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血癥-emia

leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-

analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹-plegia

hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出-rrhea

diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

壞死-necrosisnecro-/necr-

hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

結(jié)石litho-/-lith

lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

7．與方位有關(guān)的前綴含義通用詞前綴示例

上upper/superiorpi-/supra-

epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-

infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-

forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis

/pre-

后back/posterior

post-/retro-

posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac

內(nèi)inner/internal

in-/endo-/ento-

inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外outer/external

ex-/exo-

extract/excretion/exocardial

間betweeninter-

intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse

旁/副onthesideof

para-

parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal

周aroundperi-

perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心centralcentri-/centra-

centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus

/centro-

反/對oppositecounter-/contra-

counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：invivo/in’vaivou/活體內(nèi);invitro/invaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；insitu/in’saitju:/原位

8．與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例

切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy

切開-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome

吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy

成形術(shù)-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty

整（矯）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy

造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography

經(jīng)…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral

注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy心電圖檢查術(shù)；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機(jī)；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。

9．與化學(xué)品有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例

酸鹽atesulfate/nitrate/acetate

醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol

醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal

酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone

糖glyco-glycogenolysis

saccharo-saccharomyces

-saccharidepolysaccharide

酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase

素-inpenicilli