(word完整版)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2(秦秀白、張懷健版)課后練習(xí)答案

第一單元ListenandRespondTaskOneFocusingontheMainIdeasChoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.Beforegraduatingfromcollege,thespeakerwasaskedto.makeapieceofcakefortheclasswritedownpeople'sresponsetohersmileobservehowpeoplesmileateachotheractkindlytosomeoneWhilewaitingforherturntogetherbreakfastatthelocalMcDonalds,thespeaker.wasreadytoservethetwopoorhomelessmenwhosmelledsawaterribledirtymanstandinginthelinefoundthatashortgentlemanwaswaitingforhismealD)noticedthatahomelessmanwassmilingatherThetwopoorhomelessmenwenttothelocalMcDonaldsto.A)warmthemselves B)havetheirbreakfastC)waitforsomeone D)searchforafriendlysmileAtthesightofthetwohomelessmen,thespeaker.turnedawayfromthemtojoinherfamilyorderedforthemtwocupsofhotcoffeeboughtthemtwobreakfastmealsaskedthemwhattheywantedtoeatAfterthespeakerturnedinher “project,"thespeaker'sprofessorandhclassmates.hadaheateddiscussionaboutsmileexchangedtheirunusualexperiencesweredeeplytouchedbyhersmileweregreatlymovedbyherstoryTaskTwoZoomingInontheDetailsListentotherecordingcarefullyand1llineachoftheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.Thespeakerisamotherofthreeandhasrecentlycompletedhercollegedegree.Thelastprojecttheprofessorassignedhertodowastogooutandsmileatthreepeopleandthenwritedowntheirreaction.Soonaftershewasassignedtheproject,shewentwithherfamilytothelocalMcDonaldsonacoldMarchmorning.Justwhentheywerestandinginline,waitingtobeserved,shesmelledahorrible“dirtybody"smell.Twopoorhomelessmenwerealsostandinginline.Theyjustwantedtositintherestaurantandwarmup,sotheyonlyaskedforcoffee.Obviously,itwasalltheycouldafford.Thenshewassuddenlyfilledwithsympathy.Alleyesintherestaurantweresetonher,judginghereveryaction.Shesmiledandboughtthetwohomelessmentwobreakfastmeals.Shereturnedtocollege,withthisstoryinhand.Sheturnedinherproject.’"Herprofessorreadittothewholeclass.Thewholeclasswastouched.Shegraduatedwithoneofthebiggestlessonsshewouldeverlearn—UNCONDITIONALACCEPTANCE.ReadandExploreTaskOneDiscoveringtheMainIdeas1AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextA.Whydidn'ttheauthorstopforthehitchhiker?Hethoughtthatsomeoneelsewouldstopforhim.Andhewasafraidofapossiblerobbery.Didhefeelguiltyfornothelpingtheyoungman?No.Hedidn't.Buthewasbotheredbyhiseasyandquickdecisionofleavingtheyoungmanstrandedaloneinthedesert.WhydidtheauthordecidetostarthisjourneyacrossAmericapennilessly?HewantedtotestifapersoncouldstillrelysolelyonthekindnessofstrangersorthegoodwillofhisfellowAmericansthesedays.Whatdidhediscoverashetravelled?Hefoundoutthatotherssharedhisfear.Yettheystillstubbornlyhelpedstrangerslikehim.Whathadhappenedtothetruckertheauthormetonarainyday?Hewasoncerobbedatknifepointbyahitchhiker.WhatconclusiondidtheauthordrawfromhisexperiencesmentionedinParas.15T8?Hefoundthatpeopleweregenerallycompassionate.Andthosewhohadtheleasttogiveoftengavethemost.WhydidCarolinvitetheauthortotalktoherclassabouthistrip?Shethoughtthechildrenshouldbeexposedtowhatelsewasoutthere—thegoodandthebad.Whatconclusiondidtheauthormakeabouthistripwhenhetalkedtothestudents?HeconcludedthathisfaithinAmericahadbeenrenewedandthatpeoplecouldstilldependonthekindnessofstrangers.2TextAcanbedividedintothreepartswiththeparagraphnumber(s)ofeachpartprovidedasfollows.Writedownthemainideaofeachpart.Part:One;Paragraph(s):1ZMainIdea:Becauseofapastexperienceofneglectingahitchhikerinneedofhelp,theauthordecidedtotravelacrossAmericawithoutanymoneytofindoutifonecouldstillrelyonthekindnessofstrangersthesedays.Part:Two;Paragraph(s):8 -28;MainIdea:Duringhistrip,hefoundoutthatpeopleweregenerallycompassionateandwillingtohelpalthoughtheymighthavefears.Part:Three;Paragraph(s):29-31;MainIdea: HetalkedtoschoolchildrenandconcludedinapatrioticmannerthatinAmericapeoplecouldstilldependonthekindnessofstrangers.TaskTwoReadingBetweentheLinesReadthefollowingsentencescarefullyanddiscussinpairswhattheauthorintendstosaybytheitalicizedparts.Inthemiddleofthedesert,Icameuponayoungmanstandingbytheroadside.Hehadhisthumboutandheldagascaninhisotherhand.(Para.1)Bydoingso,theyoungmanwastellingthepassingdriversthathewantedtohitchhikeashiscarhadrunoutofgas.TheweekIturned37,IrealizedI 'dnevertakenagambeanamylife.7)ThisweekIwouldbe37yearsold,yetIrealizedthatIhadalwaysbeenverycarefulinmylifeandIhadnevertakenarisk,forexample,trustingonthekindnessofothers.Itwouldbeacashlessjourneythroughthelandofthealmightydollar.(Para.7)Theauthorisbeingabitsarcastichere.HewouldtakenomoneywithhimandtravelacrosstheUS,whereitisbelievedthatmoneycandoeverythingandanything.Thephrase"almightydollar"isaplayfulallusiontothefamiliarterm"AlmightyGod"YetIwastreatedwithkindnessineverystateItraveled.IwasamazedbythestubborncapacityofAmericanstohelpastranger,evenwhenitseemedtoruncontrarytotheirownbestinterests.(Para.11)IwasamazedbythecontinualshowofkindnessofmyfellowAmericans,eventhoughhelpingastrangerwouldmeantakingarisk.Ididn'tknowwhethertokissthemorscoldthemforstopping.(Para.13)Theauthorhadmixedfeelings:whethertokissthetwowomenfortheirkindness,orgivethemalessonbycautioningthemnottotrustanystranger,fortheycouldhaverunintoabadpersoninsteadofhimself.CheckingYourVocabularyWordDetective1ChoosethedefinitioninColumnBthatbestmatcheseachitalicizedwordinColumnA.cd3)a4)j5)h6)beigf2Asynonymisawordthathasthesameornearlythesamemeaningasanotherword.Anantonymisawordthatmeanstheoppositeofanotherword.WriteSbeforeeachpairofsynonymsandAbeforeeachpairofantonyms.ThefirstwordineachpairistakenfromTextBandthecorrespondingparagraphnumberhasbeenindicatedforyou.Example:S_virtually,almost(Para.1)Sgovern,control(Para.3)Ssignal,sign(Para.4)Sparticipate,join(Para.5)Aheave,lower(Para.6)Scollapse,fall(Para.7)Sestablish,found(Para.10)Slocate,situate(Para.10)Aoccasional,frequent(Para.15)CheckingYourComprehension1AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextB.Whatistheauthorandhiswife 'sopinionaboutbecomingatruefriendtosomeonewhosenametheydon'tknow?Theauthorandhiswifeusedtothinkthatitwasvirtuallyimpossibletobeatruefriendtosomeonewhosenametheydidn 'tknow.Butnowtheyrealizetheywerewrong.YearsofSunday-morningbustripthroughthecitywiththesame“nameless"peoplehavecompletelychangedtheirthinking.WhydoestheauthorsaythattakingtheSunday-morningbustriprequiresteamworkthoughtheydon'tknoweachother'snames?Thereisalwaysthesamegroupofregularpassengers.Thebusdriverandthepassengersactedroutinelywithduecareandattention,asiftheywerecooperatinginateam.Thedrivershouldperformhisdutieswellandthepassengersshouldobeythewrittenandunwrittenrules.Thereshouldbenosmoking,nolittering,andeveryoneshouldbehaveinapoliteanddecentmanner.Undersuchcircumstances,namesarenolongerimportant.WhatcanwelearnaboutthesilentwomanfromPara.5?Thesilentwomanalwayssitsupfrontandneverrespondstoothers ’gHerwornclothingsuggeststhatsheisnotrich.However,sheisconsiderateenoughtobringthebusdriveracupofcoffeeeachtimeshetakesthebusride.Whydoesthefactorysecurityguardalwaysslumpdowninhisseatwithhiseyesclosed?Hehasjustcomeoffalongnightshiftandhefeelssleepyandtired.WhywasthebusverylateoneSundaymorning?Onthatmorningaregularpassengercollapsedonthesidewalkashewasmovingforwardtoboardthebus.Theotherpassengerstriedtohelphimandwaitedwithhimforanambulancetoarrive.WhatdoyouknowabouttheMexicancouple?TheMexicancoupleloveeachotherverymuch.Theyalwaysboardthebushandinhandandarestillholdinghandswhentheygetoffthebus.Thewomanwaspregnantlatelastyearandnowtheyhaveanewbaby.AlltheregularpassengersfeelhappyfortheyoungMexicancouple.WhydothepassengersenjoythecompanyofagroupofHaitians?TheHaitianshaveagreatsenseoffun.Thepassengersarealldelightedtohavetheircompany.TheyalwayschuckleandnodwhentheHaitiansareallaboard.Whyisthewomanwhositsupfrontalwayssilent?Shehasaspeechimpediment.Talkingishardforher.Whatdoyouknowaboutthesilentwoman ’sfamilylife?Sheisasinglemotherwithadisabledsonwhoisreceivingspecialcareawayfromhome.Shelivesaloneandfeelslonelyandmisseshersonverymuch.TheSunday-morningbusrideisthebestthingshedoesallweek,andanoccasionalvisittothefishrestaurantisalmostasgoodasthesecondbestthing.SheridestheSunday-morningbussimplyforthecompanionshipofthedriverwhosenameshedoesn'tknow,butwhoappreciatesthehotcoffeeshebrings.Howdidtheauthorandhiswifefeelaboutthedinnerwiththesilentwoman?Theyallhadawonderfultime.Forthesilentwoman,anoccasionalvisittothefishrestaurantwasapleasantexperienceandthistimeitwasevenbetterwiththecompanionshipoftheauthorandhiswife.Theauthorandhiswifealsoenjoyedthedinnerandtheyfeltthatthefishhadnevertastedbetter.Whentheylefttherestaurant,theywerealreadyfriendswitheachother.Andtheysharedtheirnames.2ReadthefollowingstatementsandthendecidewhethereachofthemistrueorfalsebasedontheinformationcontainedinTextB.WriteTforTrueandFforFalseinthespaceprovided beforeeachstatement.TOnSundaystheauthorandhiswifetakethebustogotochurchregularlyforyears.FThebusdriverisrequiredtorememberthestopofeveryregularpassenger.(Heisnotrequiredtodoso.Buthemakesithisbusinesstorememberwhereeveryregularpassengershouldgetoffthebus.)FThesilentwomanalwaysgetsthedriveracupofcoffeebecausesheiswell-off.(Thewornclothingofthesilentwomansuggestsshedoesn'thavemuchmoneytospare,butshealwaysclutchesanextracupofcoffeeforthedriver.)FThedriverhastowakeupthefactorysecurityguardeverytimeandremindshimofgettingoffthebus.(Thesecurityguardcloseshiseyesuntiltheprecisemomentthatthebusapproacheshisstop.Then,heopenshiseyesandgetsoffthebus.)TTherotundfellowisverygratefulbecauseotherpeoplehavehelpedhim.TThepassengersenjoytheirridetogetherandwordsornamesarenotnecessarytothem.FTheauthorandhiswifedevelopedagoodrelationshipwiththesilentwomanaftertakingthesamebusforsomemonths.(Formanymonths,theonlysadnessfortheauthorandhiswifeisthattheycan'testablishthesamerapportwiththesilentwoman.)FTheyfoundtheirfishtastedbetterbecausetheysharedagooddinnerwiththesilentwoman.(Theyfoundtheirfishtastedbetterbecausetheyhadfinallylearnedthestoryofthesilentwomanandmadefriendswithher.)EnhanceYourLanguageAwarenessWordsinActionWorkingwithWordsandExpressions1Intheboxbelowaresomeofthewordsyouhavelearnedinthisunit.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsgiven.Changetheformwherenecessary.Myneighboursareafriendlybunchofpeople.Daveamazedhisfriendsbyleavingawell-paidjobtotravelaroundtheworld.Theemployeesinthiscompanyworkaneight-hourshift.Theprofessorcametotheclassroomwithabundleofnewspapersunderhisarm.Apassengeraskedthedriver: "dCopulchyocuffnearthepostoffice?I'dliketopostaletter. ”Thelittlegirl capacitysorlearninglanguagesastonishedme.HowmanycountrieswillbeparticipatingintheOlympicGames?IlikethetypicallyFrenchstyleofliving.Itissoromantic.Theyhavemadetheirfortunesfromindustryandcommerce.Theythreatenedtoshoothimandrobhimofallhispossessions.Inmanycultures,thelionisthesymbolofcourage.Yourhelpwasgreatlyappreciated.Weareverygratefultoyouforit.It'sthefirsttimethepaintinghasbeendisplayedtothepublic.Duringtheexam,thenaughtyboytriedtoslipanotetohisclassmatewhiletheteacherwasn'tlooking.Asthesayinggoes,conquerthedesires,ortheywillconqueryou.Beforethedinnerparty,Motherhasorderedaroastfromthebutcher.Ididn'twaitforyouathomebecausfiguredthatyouwouldn'tcome.2Intheboxesbelowaresomeoftheexpressionsyouhavelearnedinthisunit.Doyouunderstandtheir meanings?Doyouknowhowtousetheminthepropercontext?Nowcheckforyourselfbydoingtheblank-fillingexercise.Changetheformwherenecessary.Inthispainting,asingleredrosestandsinrichcontrasttothegrassland.Thefactoryworkersareexposedtopoisonousgasesandmanyofthemsufferfromlungdiseases.Duringthewar,thesoldierriskedhislifehelpingotherstoescape.Dotrustme.Youcanrelyonmetokeepyoursecret.Ifyouareattackedorrobbedatknifepoint,howwouldyoureactthen?Sheissuchanextraordinarygirlthatshealwaysstandsoutinacrowd.Obviously,thisfoolishidearunscontrarytocommonsense(常識(shí)).Iwasverytiredandhadtoflagdownataxiinordertogethomeearly.Themotherpicks/pickedupherchildrenfromthekindergartenat5:00p.m.everyday.Thepublisherstookagambleonanunknownauthor,andthebookshavesoldwell.Thedriverwavedtousashepulledaway.Thedriverpulledovertothesideoftheroadtoseewhatwaswrongwithhistruck.IncreasingYourWordPower1CollocationsLookattheadverbslistedintheboxbelow,anddecidewhichadverbisneededtocollocatewiththeverbineachsentence.Fillthecorrectadverbintotheblankinthesentence.Thesamewordmaybeusedinmorethanonesentence.Consultadictionaryifnecessary.Noneedtothankme—Iwasjustgladtohelpoutafriend.Yesterdayadrunkenmanwasrunoverandkilledbyabus.WhenIlookbackonmycollegedays,Ican 'tbelievethecrazythingswedidasstudents.HelooksdownonhiscolleaguesbecausehehasaPhDdegreebuttheydon'thave.Apolicemanwasstandingbythesideoftheroad,signalingtometopullover.Peterdidn'thaveanywheretostaysoSarahputhumpforafewdays.Don'tworry.Everythingwillturnoutwell.Youpromisedyouwoulddoit.Whydidyougobackonyourword?Theirbusinesswaslosingmoneysotheyhadtoclosedown

10)Youcan10)YoucanIgaveupsmokingwhenIgotpregnant.Thedoctorcheckedheroveryesterday.AllthetestswereOKandsheseemedtobefine.Shetendstohangbackinacrowdbecausesheissoshy.WhatproblemsshouldIwatchoutforwhenbuyinganoldhouse?Idon 'twanttobecheated.Theyofferedherthejobbutshedidn'tlikeitandturnedidown.It'shardtocomfortSandra.Shedoesn 'tseemheremotger 'sdeath.Studythedifferentmeaningsofthewordthaninthefollowingsentences.Task:Nowputthefollowingsentences intoEnglish, usingthaninyourtranslation.1)行動(dòng)比言語(yǔ)更響亮。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.2)這兒的生產(chǎn)需要低于攝氏25度的溫度。Productionhereneedstemperatureslowerthan25degreesCelsius.3)我喜歡保存東西而不是把它們?nèi)拥?。Iliketokeepthingsratherthanthrowthemaway.4）這里除了我之外沒(méi)有別人Thereisnobodyhereotherthanme.5)她寧愿辭職也不愿為那位老板干活。She'dratherleaveherjobthan(beforcedto)workforthatboss.WordBuildingPrefixesofNumbersInEnglishtherearesomeprefixesthatquantify( 量化)overtheirbasewords'meaning.NowmatcheachoftheEnglishwordsinColumnAwithitsChinesemeaninginColumnB.Youmayconsultadictionaryifnecessary.dknjagfbomPechilGrammarinContextTask1:Chooseeithertheinfinitiveformorthe-ingformoftheverbinbracketstocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.WhenIsawJohninhisroom,hewasbusypreparing(prepare)hislessons.I'dliketotakethisopportunity。thank(thank)allofyouforcomingtojoinustonight.Mytransistorradioisn 'tworkingreptaneeds/toberepaired(repair).Theyfounditimpossibletoget(get)everythingreadyintime.Iamusedtostudying(study)withMr.Jonesandthereforeprefernottochangetoanotherteacher.Allthewomenintheofficeobjectedtobeingtreated(treat)likethis.Imustgonow.Ican missrnsk(miss)thelasttrain.ThePresident'satt4mpiduce(reduce)inflationwerequitesuccessful.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleave(leave)theoffice.It'snoworrying(worry)aboutyourchild.He 'sgrownup.Task2:CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish,payingattentiontotheuseofthe-ingformandthe-edformofverbs.Whentheoldmanwastellingthestory,somechildrenkeptnodding(不住地點(diǎn)頭)whilesomeotherslookedratherconfused(很迷惑).Fallenleaves(落葉)willeventuallyturnintofertilizerservingotherplants.Thethreeboysweresosurprised(吃驚)tofindtheescapedprisonerhiding(正躲在)behindthedoor.Deeplymoved(被深深地感動(dòng)了)bythepoorbuthard-workingboy,thecoupledecidedtopayforhissecondaryeducation.Anyonefollowing(聽(tīng)從)thisadvicewouldfindhimselfintrouble.Being(作為)universitystudents,weshouldbeinterested(對(duì)??感興趣)inwhatisgoingonintheworld.Thebulkoftheworld'rasinforests,97percent,arelocated(位于)in27developingcountries.Ifshecatchesyoureading(在讀)herdiary,she'llbeangry.ClozeCompletethefollowingpassagewithwordschosenfromTextA.Theinitialletterofeachisgiven.Couldanyonerelyonthekindnessofstrangersthesedays?Onewaytotestthiswouldbeforapersontojourneyfromcoasttocoastwithoutanymoney,relying(1)solelyonthegoodwillofhisfellowAmericans.Theideaintrigued(2)me.SoIdecidedtomakeatripfromthePacificCoasttotheAtlanticCoastwithoutapenny(3).IroseearlyonSeptember6,1994,andheadedfor(4)theGoldenGateBridge.Duringthesixweeks'journey,Ihitched82ridesandcovered(5)4,223milesacross14states.Iwastreated(6)withkindnessineverystateItravelledacross.Iwasamazed(7)bythestubborncapacityofAmericanstohelpastranger,evenwhenitseemedtoruncontrary(8)totheirownbestinterests.Ifoundthatpeopleweregenerally(9)compassionate.HearingIhadnomoneyandwouldtakenone,peopleineverystateboughtmefoodorsharedwhatever(10)theyhappenedtohavewithme.InJamestown,Tennessee,ascienceteacherinvited(11)metotalktoherclassaboutmytrip.Allthekidswerewell-manneredandattentive(12).Theirquestionskeptcoming.ItoldthestudentshowproudIwastoliveinacountrywhere(13)peoplewerestillwillingtohelpoutastranger.Itoldthem, “Nomatterare,youcanstilldependonthekindnessofstrangers. ”TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandexpressionsgiveninbrackets.1)離婚的傳言不過(guò)是為他的新電影炒作的手段而已。 (aploytodosth.)Therumorabouthisdivorceisjustaploytogainpublicityforhisnewfilm.2)他孤注一擲，用父母留給他的所有錢(qián)來(lái)開(kāi)一家工廠。 (takeagambleonsth.)Hetookagambleonstartingafactorywithallthemoneyhisparentshadlefthim.3)贏得那場(chǎng)重要的比賽之后，他們把隊(duì)長(zhǎng)抬到肩膀上，歡呼著勝利。 (hoist…to…)Afterwinningtheimportantgametheyhoistedtheircaptaintotheirshouldersinshoutingtriumph.4)在全球化熱潮中，我們要提防不同文化的沖突。 (watchoutforsth.)Intherushtogoforglobalization,weshouldwatchoutforcollisionofcultures.5)在這種情況下，出現(xiàn)麻煩是不足為奇的。 (inthecircumstances)Inthecircumstancesitwasnotsurprisingthattherewastrouble.6)這嬰兒非常健康。(thepictureof)Thebabyistheverypictureofhealth.7)人們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到兒童接觸有關(guān)暴力和色情電視節(jié)目的危害。 (exposesb.tosth.)PeoplehaverealizedthedangersofexposingchildrentoviolenceandsexonTV.8)我們始終考慮到我們是在為誰(shuí)制作這部影片。(haveinmind)Wealwayshadinmindforwhomweweremakingthefilm.翻譯一年夏天，我從家鄉(xiāng)加利福尼亞州的塔霍城開(kāi)車(chē)前往新奧爾良。 ■在沙漠深處，我碰到一個(gè)年輕人站在路旁。他一只手打出拇指向外的手勢(shì)，另一只手里拿著一個(gè)汽油罐。我直接從他身邊開(kāi)過(guò)去了。別人會(huì)停下來(lái)的，我想。再說(shuō)，那汽油罐只是個(gè)讓車(chē)停下、好搶劫司機(jī)的幌子而已。在這個(gè)國(guó)家，曾有那么一段時(shí)間，你要是對(duì)需要幫助的人置之不理，大家會(huì)認(rèn)為你是混蛋，而如今你要是幫了你就是笨蛋。到處潛伏著犯罪團(tuán)伙、吸毒上癮者、殺人犯、強(qiáng)奸犯、盜竊犯還有劫車(chē)犯，為什么要冒險(xiǎn)呢？ 我不想卷進(jìn)去”已經(jīng)成為全國(guó)性的信條。開(kāi)過(guò)了幾個(gè)州以后，我還在想著那個(gè)想搭便車(chē)的人。把他一個(gè)人留在沙漠中倒并沒(méi)有讓我有多么不安。讓我不安的是，我多么輕易地就做出了這個(gè)決定。我甚至根本沒(méi)把腳從油門(mén)上抬起來(lái)。我很想知道，現(xiàn)在還有人會(huì)停車(chē)嗎？我想到我此行的目的地 ——新奧爾良。 那里是田納西 ?威廉姆斯的劇作 《欲望號(hào)街車(chē)》的背景地。我回想起布蘭奇 ?杜波依斯的名句： “我總是依賴陌生人的善意。 ”陌生人的善意。聽(tīng)起來(lái)好怪。如今這年頭還有誰(shuí)能指望陌生人的善意嗎？要驗(yàn)證這一點(diǎn)，一個(gè)辦法是一個(gè)人從東海岸旅行到西海岸，不帶一分錢(qián)，完全依靠美國(guó)同胞的善意。 他會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)什么樣的美國(guó)？誰(shuí)會(huì)給他飯吃、 讓他歇腳、 捎他一程呢？這個(gè)念頭激起了我的好奇心。但誰(shuí)會(huì)這么不切實(shí)際、愿意去嘗試這樣一次旅行呢？好吧，我想，那不如我來(lái)試試？滿37歲那個(gè)星期，我意識(shí)到我這輩子還從沒(méi)冒過(guò)什么險(xiǎn)呢。所以我決定來(lái)個(gè)觀念的跨越，美洲大陸那么寬 ——從太平洋去大西洋，不帶一分錢(qián)。要是有人給我錢(qián)，我會(huì)拒絕。我只接受搭順風(fēng)車(chē)、提供食物和讓我歇腳的幫助。這將是在這片金錢(qián)至上的土地上的一次身無(wú)分文的旅行。 我的最終目的地是北卡羅來(lái)納州的 “恐懼角”（即開(kāi)普菲爾） ，它象征著我沿途必須克服的所有恐懼。1994年9月6日，我早早起床，背起一個(gè) 50磅重的包，朝金門(mén)橋走去。我從背包里拿出一個(gè)牌子，向過(guò)路的車(chē)輛展示我的目的地： “美利堅(jiān)”。司機(jī)們隔著擋風(fēng)玻璃念出這個(gè)詞， 然后笑了。 兩個(gè)女人騎自行車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)。 “有點(diǎn)含混，其中一個(gè)說(shuō)。一名帶有德國(guó)口音的年輕男士走上前來(lái)問(wèn)， “你這個(gè)‘美利堅(jiān)'”在哪兒？”實(shí)際上，整整六個(gè)星期的時(shí)間里我試圖找出答案。我搭了 82次便車(chē)，行程 4223英里，穿越了 14個(gè)州。在旅途中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其他人跟我一樣有擔(dān)心。人們總是在警告我當(dāng)心別的某個(gè)地方。在蒙大拿州，他們叫我留神懷俄明州的牛仔，而在內(nèi)布拉斯加州，人們提醒我說(shuō)艾奧瓦州的人可不如他們友好。然而，在我所去的每個(gè)州，我都受到了友善的對(duì)待。我詫異于美國(guó)人執(zhí)意幫助陌生人的能力，甚至于在看來(lái)與自己的最大利益相沖突時(shí)他們也絕不袖手旁觀。有一天，在內(nèi)布拉斯加，一輛四門(mén)小轎車(chē)在路肩停下。我走到車(chē)窗邊，看到兩位穿著節(jié)日盛裝的瘦小老婦人?！拔抑肋@年頭不該帶搭便車(chē)的， 但這里前不著村后不著店的， 不停車(chē)感覺(jué)真不好。自稱“維”的司機(jī)說(shuō)。她和姐姐海倫是去內(nèi)布拉斯加的安斯沃思看眼科醫(yī)生的。她們?yōu)槲彝Ａ塑?chē)，我都不知道是該親吻她們呢還是該責(zé)備她們。這個(gè)女人是在告訴我，她寧肯冒生命危險(xiǎn)也不愿意因?yàn)闆](méi)為一個(gè)站在路邊的陌生人停車(chē)而感到內(nèi)疚。她們?cè)谝粋€(gè)高速路口把我放下時(shí)，我望著維。我們倆異口同聲地說(shuō)， “小心?！庇幸淮挝以谟曛袥](méi)能搭上便車(chē)。 一名長(zhǎng)途卡車(chē)司機(jī)停了車(chē)， 他把剎車(chē)踩得那么重，車(chē)子都在草地路肩上滑行了一段。司機(jī)告訴我他有一次被搭便車(chē)的人持刀搶劫了。 “但我不愿意看到有人在雨里站著。 ”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)， “現(xiàn)在大家都沒(méi)有良心了?！比欢野l(fā)現(xiàn)，總體而言，人們還是挺有同情心的。艾奧瓦州一對(duì)中年夫婦為了幫我找宿營(yíng)地領(lǐng)著我走了一個(gè)小時(shí)。在南達(dá)科他州，一個(gè)女人讓我在她家住了一晚之后遞給我兩張貼了郵票的明信片： 一張是讓她知道我這趟旅行結(jié)果如何； 另一張是要第二天寄出的，告訴她我在哪里，免得她為我擔(dān)心。聽(tīng)說(shuō)我沒(méi)錢(qián)，又不愿意接受錢(qián)，每個(gè)州的人們都會(huì)給我買(mǎi)食物或者和我分享他們手頭有的東西。在加州的尤凱亞，一位國(guó)家公園管理員給了我一些胡蘿卜，一名大學(xué)生給了我?guī)状蟠袡C(jī)西紅柿和瓜類。艾奧瓦州的一名婦女給了我兩大包全麥餅干，兩罐果汁汽水、兩個(gè)金槍魚(yú)罐頭、兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果和兩塊雞肉。擁有最少的人往往給予的最多。在俄勒岡一個(gè)叫邁克的房屋油漆工注意到天氣十分寒冷，就問(wèn)我有沒(méi)有外套。我回答說(shuō) “有件薄的 ”，他開(kāi)車(chē)帶我去他家，翻遍了車(chē)庫(kù)，遞給我一件肥大的綠色軍大衣。在俄勒岡的另一個(gè)地方，一個(gè)叫蒂姆的鋸木廠工人邀請(qǐng)我去他們破舊的家里和他家人一起吃了頓簡(jiǎn)單的晚餐。他給了我一本《圣經(jīng)》，然后又要把家里的帳篷給我。我拒絕了，因?yàn)槲抑滥菢O有可能是這家人最值錢(qián)的一樣?xùn)|西了。 然而蒂姆執(zhí)意讓我接受，所以最后我只好同意。我感激我所遇到的所有人，感謝他們讓我搭車(chē)，給我食物，給我提供住處，送我禮物。但最友善的舉動(dòng)是，他們是那么自然真誠(chéng)。有一天，我走進(jìn)了田納西州的詹姆斯敦一家當(dāng)?shù)厣虝?huì)。在這座古老建筑里一個(gè)男人從他凌亂的桌子旁站起身。 “請(qǐng)進(jìn)，”59歲的巴克斯特 ?威爾遜說(shuō)。他是那兒的執(zhí)行會(huì)長(zhǎng)。我向他打聽(tīng)在當(dāng)?shù)芈稜I(yíng)的事。他遞給我一本當(dāng)?shù)芈稜I(yíng)地的小冊(cè)子。 “需要我?guī)湍愦螂娫拞幔?”他問(wèn)。我一看露營(yíng)得花 12美元，就回答， “不用了，沒(méi)事。我也不知道我該怎么做?！边@時(shí)他看見(jiàn)了我的背包。 “這里差不多每個(gè)人都會(huì)讓你在他們的地里支帳篷的，如果那是你所想要的話。 ”他說(shuō)。這話就對(duì)了，我想。 “有沒(méi)具體的方位？ ”我問(wèn)。要是你五點(diǎn)半能在這兒,跟你說(shuō)吧，我有個(gè)大農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在從這兒往南大概10英里我可以開(kāi)車(chē)帶你去?！币悄阄妩c(diǎn)半能在這兒,我接受了，于是我們開(kāi)車(chē)去了一幢華麗的鄉(xiāng)村住宅。突然，我意識(shí)到他是邀請(qǐng)了我到他家過(guò)夜。我們走進(jìn)廚房時(shí)，他的妻子卡蘿爾正在燉牛肉塊。她是一名七年級(jí)的科學(xué)老師，簡(jiǎn)直就是南方魅力的化身。巴克斯特解釋說(shuō)，當(dāng)?shù)厝耸遣粣?ài)外出的山里人”，他覺(jué)得自己也是這么一個(gè)人。我們很少在家里招待客人，”他說(shuō)，招待的話，一般是親戚?！彼倪@番透露讓我那一夜變得更加不同尋常。第二天我下樓時(shí)，卡蘿爾問(wèn)我愿不愿意去學(xué)校跟她班上的孩子們談?wù)勎业穆眯?。我告訴她我可不想慫恿一幫七年級(jí)的孩子去搭便車(chē)游遍美國(guó)， 但卡蘿爾說(shuō)孩子們應(yīng)該接觸到外面的世界是什么樣子——包括好的一面和壞的一面。他們需要了解真相，”她說(shuō)。我同意了。沒(méi)過(guò)多久，我就被安排給學(xué)校每個(gè)班講話。所有的孩子都彬彬有禮而且聚精會(huì)神。他們的問(wèn)題不斷冒出來(lái)：哪兒的人們最友善？我穿壞過(guò)多少雙鞋？有沒(méi)有人試圖軋死我？別的地方的豬腳也有這么好嗎？我有沒(méi)有愛(ài)上過(guò)誰(shuí)？我最害怕的是什么？盡管我并沒(méi)有打算這么做，我發(fā)現(xiàn)愛(ài)國(guó)主義的語(yǔ)調(diào)貫穿了那天下午的講話。我告訴學(xué)生們，我對(duì)美利堅(jiān)的信念如何重新燃起了。我告訴他們，生活在一個(gè)人們?nèi)匀辉敢鈳椭吧说膰?guó)度里，我有多么自豪。我告訴他們，我當(dāng)初計(jì)劃這次旅行時(shí)腦子里的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)得到明確的解答。的確，不管你是誰(shuí)，你仍然可以依賴陌生人的善意。第二單元選擇樂(lè)觀里奇？德沃斯假如你預(yù)料某事結(jié)局不妙，結(jié)果可能真會(huì)如此。悲觀的想法很少落空。不過(guò)這個(gè)法則反過(guò)來(lái)也成立。假如你覺(jué)得會(huì)有好事發(fā)生，通常就會(huì)交上好運(yùn)！樂(lè)觀與成功之間似乎有一種天然的因果關(guān)系。樂(lè)觀和悲觀都具有強(qiáng)大的力量，我們每個(gè)人必須選擇其一，來(lái)塑造自己的前途和理想。每個(gè)人的生命中都有足夠的幸運(yùn)與不幸 ——豐富的哀傷和喜悅、充足的歡欣與痛苦——令我們找到或樂(lè)觀或悲觀的理由。我們可以選擇哭或是笑、祝?；蚴窃{咒。這完全取決于我們自己：用什么樣的眼光去看待生活？是積極向上，還是垂頭喪氣？我信守積極向上的態(tài)度。對(duì)積極的東西我濃墨重彩，對(duì)消極的東西則一筆帶過(guò)。我是樂(lè)天派，既是天生如此，也因后天選擇所致。誠(chéng)然，我知道生命中會(huì)有傷痛。我已經(jīng)七十多歲了，經(jīng)歷過(guò)不止一次的危機(jī)。但是，當(dāng)一切塵埃落定，我發(fā)現(xiàn)生命中的美好遠(yuǎn)比丑惡多。樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度不是奢侈品，它是我們生活的必需品。你看待生活的方式將決定你的感受、你的表現(xiàn)，以及你與他人相處得怎樣。反過(guò)來(lái)，悲觀的想法、態(tài)度和期待也會(huì)自成因果：它們是能自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言。悲觀會(huì)制造出無(wú)人愿往的黑暗之地。多年前，我驅(qū)車(chē)去一個(gè)加油站加油。那天天氣很好，我的心情也不錯(cuò)。當(dāng)我走進(jìn)加油站付油錢(qián)時(shí)，服務(wù)員問(wèn)我： “你感覺(jué)怎樣？ ”這問(wèn)題有點(diǎn)古怪，不過(guò)，我感覺(jué)很好，于是便照實(shí)回答了他。 “你臉色不好， ”他回答。這話讓我大吃一驚。我告訴他我的感覺(jué)從未像現(xiàn)在這么好， 但已不像開(kāi)始那么底氣十足了， 而他則毫無(wú)顧忌地繼續(xù)大講我的氣色如何差，還說(shuō)我膚色發(fā)黃。在離開(kāi)加油站的時(shí)候， 我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)心神不寧。 駛出一個(gè)街區(qū)之后， 我把車(chē)停在路旁，對(duì)著鏡子看著自己的臉。 我感覺(jué)如何？我的臉色那么差嗎？一切都正常嗎？等我回到家里，我已經(jīng)開(kāi)始覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)想吐。我的肝臟出了毛病嗎？是不是染上了什么怪??？再次光顧那個(gè)加油站時(shí)，我還是感覺(jué)很好，我弄明白了個(gè)中蹊蹺。這個(gè)地方不久前把墻漆上了一種搶眼但又難看的黃色， 墻面反射的光線使里面的每一個(gè)人看起來(lái)都像得了肝炎。不知道有多少人有過(guò)與我類似的反應(yīng)。和一個(gè)根本不認(rèn)識(shí)的人的一次短短對(duì)話竟然改變了我整整一天的心情。他說(shuō)我面帶病容，沒(méi)過(guò)多久，我就真的覺(jué)得不舒服。那一句消極的話就大大影響了我的感覺(jué)和行為。唯一比否定態(tài)度更有力量的是積極的肯定，充滿樂(lè)觀與希望的話語(yǔ)。最讓我心存感激的一件事情， 就是我生長(zhǎng)的這個(gè)國(guó)度有著偉大的樂(lè)觀主義傳統(tǒng)。如果一種文化從整體上采取積極向上的態(tài)度， 不可思議的事情也能變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。 人們?nèi)舭咽澜缈醋鞴饷髋c希望之地，他們將被賦予努力進(jìn)取和成就功業(yè)的力量。樂(lè)觀不意味著幼稚。在保持樂(lè)觀的同時(shí)，你仍然能意識(shí)到問(wèn)題的存在，意識(shí)到有些問(wèn)題非常棘手。樂(lè)觀帶來(lái)的改變?cè)谟诿鎸?duì)問(wèn)題的態(tài)度。比方說(shuō)，這些年我總是聽(tīng)到有人抱怨用于太空計(jì)劃的錢(qián)是被白白浪費(fèi)了。他們會(huì)說(shuō)： 與其花4億5千5百萬(wàn)美元把一個(gè)人送上月球，為什么不把這些錢(qián)用來(lái)解決地球上的貧窮問(wèn)題呢？ "但當(dāng)你追問(wèn)他們打算如何用這些錢(qián)來(lái)消除貧困時(shí)，大多數(shù)人又會(huì)無(wú)言以對(duì)。我對(duì)他們說(shuō)： 告訴我一個(gè)解決辦法，我會(huì)為你們籌到錢(qián)?！币苑e極的方式思考如何解決問(wèn)題，而不是對(duì)花在別的項(xiàng)目上的金錢(qián)妄加挑剔。實(shí)際上，美國(guó)的太空計(jì)劃帶來(lái)了許多有價(jià)值的發(fā)現(xiàn)，全人類都從中受益。樂(lè)觀精神使我們的注意力從消極的否定態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)向積極的、建設(shè)性的思考。樂(lè)觀主義者更關(guān)心如何解決問(wèn)題，而不是毫無(wú)意義地怨天尤人。事實(shí)上，如果沒(méi)有樂(lè)觀精神，像貧窮這樣嚴(yán)重而且現(xiàn)正存在的問(wèn)題是無(wú)望解決的。解決這樣的問(wèn)題需要一個(gè)夢(mèng)想家——一個(gè)擁有九死不悔的樂(lè)觀、矢志不移的堅(jiān)韌和無(wú)限信心的人。何去何從，由你決定。ListenandRespondTaskOneFocusingontheMainIdeasChoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.AccordingtothepassageMichaelwas.acuriouspersonalwaysanoptimistinhislifealwaysavictiminhiscompanyanemployeewholikedcomplainingIfsomethingbadhappenedorsomeonecametohimcomplainingMichaelwould.choosetobeavictimbemorelikelytobeinabadmoodchoosetoacceptthebadthingorthecomplainingchoosethepositivesideoflifeInMichael'sopinion.thosepeoplewholiketocomplainwilloftenaffectourmoodweshoulddosomemorningexercisestocheerusuphowweliveourlifeisdecidedbyourattitudetolifeoptimistshavemorechancesofsuccessthanpessimistsFromMichaelthespeakerhaslearnedthateachmorninghemustsaysomethingtohimselfeveryonemayhaveachanceofsuccesseverydaywehaveachoicetolivefullyit'snoteasytobeanoptimistTaskTwoZoomingInontheDetailsListentotherecordingagainandfillineachoftheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.Ifanemployeewashavingabadday,Michaelwastheretellingtheemployeehowtolookonthepositivesideofthesituation.EachmorningwhenMichaelwokeuphewouldremindhimselftobeinagoodmoodandchoosethepositivesideoflife;ifsomethingbadhappened,hewouldchoosetolearnfromitandnottobeavictimofit.InMichael'sopinion,lifeisallabcuoices.Everysituationinlifeisachoice.Youchoosehowyoureacttosituations;youchoosehowpeoplewillaffectyourmood;youchoosehowyoufeel.Thebottomlineis:It'yourchoicehowyouliveyourlife.TheauthordecidedtofollowMichael 'sexampleandbelievedthatifhechosetobeanoptimisthemightfeelbetter,enjoylifemoreandmighthavemorechancesofsuccess.ReadandExploreTaskOneDiscoveringtheMainIdeas1Answerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformation