英語B級考試精彩試題問題詳解

2011年英語B級考試試卷答案一、單項選擇題（說明：這是我同學給的）Howcanwereducetheriskofcancer?AcutinBcutdownCcutoffDcutoutThesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.AcontinuouslyBquicklyCexcessivelyDexceptionallyDuringthepasttenyearstherehavebeendramaticchangesintheinternationalsituation.ApermanentBpowerfulCstrikingDpracticalThemostcrucialproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarceresources.ApuzzlingBdifficultCterrifyingDurgentHisnewgirlfriendhadomittedtotellhimthatshewasmarried.AfailedBdeletedCrefusedDrejectedThesubstancecanbeaddedtogasolinetoacceleratethespeedofautomobiles.AquickenBshortenCloosenDenlargeWeshouldnevercontentourselveswithalittleknowledgeonly.

AconvinceBsatisfyCcomfortDbenefitWeshouldcontemplatedtheproblemfromallsides.AdeliberatedBthoughtCdescribedDdesignedHishealthhaddeterioratedwhilehewasinprison.AbecamebetterBbecameworseCbecamestrongerDbecameweakerIfyouwantmyadvice,youshouldreviseyourplanforthetriptoBeijing.AchangeBexchangeCenlargeDencourageSmokingisinhibitedinpublicplaces.AinstructedBinquiredCforbiddenDstrived.Heissaidtobesufferingfromterminalcancerandhasaskedforeuthanasia（安樂死）AacuteBchronicCfinalDfatalIfeltimpelledtotellthetruth.ApromotedBinducedCcompelledDimprovedItsprudenttotakeathickcoatincoldweatherwhenyougoout.

AcontroversialBreasonableCsensibleDsensitiveAreyoupositivethatthere'sbeennomistake?ArationalBreasonableCcertainDbound二、閱讀判斷。 閱讀判斷。AnObservationandanExplanationItisworthlookingatoneortwoaspectsofthewayamotherbehavestowardsherbaby.Theusualfondling,cuddlingandcleaningrequirelittlecomment,butthepositioninwhichsheholdsthebabyagainstherbodywhenrestingisratherrevealing.Carefulstudieshaveshownthefactthat80percentofmothersholdtheirinfantsintheirleftarms,holdingthemagainsttheleftsideoftheirbodies.Ifaskedtoexplainthesignificanceofthispreferencemostpeoplereplythatitisobviouslytheresultofthepredominanceofright-handednessinthepopulation.Byholdingthebabiesintheirleftarms,themotherskeeptheirdominantarmfreeformanipulations.ButadetailedanalysisshowsthatthisisnotthecasETrue,thereisaslightdifferencebetweenright-handedandleft-handedfemales。butnotenoughtoprovideadequateexplanation.Itemergesthat83percentofright-handedmothersholdthebabyontheleftside,butsodo78percentofleft-handedmothers.Inotherwords,only22percentoftheleft-handedmothershavetheirdominanthandsfreeforactions.Clearlytheremustbesomeother,lessobviousexplanation.Theonlyothercluecomesfromthefactthattheheartisonthesideofthemother;sbody.Coulditbethatthesoundofherheartbeatisthevitalfactor?Andinwhatway?Thinkingalongtheselinesitwasarguedthatperhapsduringitsexistenceinsidethebodyofthemothertheunbornbabygetusedtothesoundoftheheartbeat.Ifthisisso,thenthere-discoveryofthisfamiliarsoundafterbirthmighthaveaclaimingeffectontheinfant,especiallyasithasjustbeenbornintoastrangeandfrighteninglynewworlDifthisissothenthemotherwould,somehow,soonarriveatthediscoverythatherbabyismoreatpeaceifheldontheleftagainstherheartthanontheright.Wecanlearnalotbyobservingthepositioninwhichamotherholdsherbabyagainstherbody.

ARightBWrongCNotmentionedMostleft-handedwomenfeelcomfortablebyholdingtheirbabiesintheirleftarmandkeeptherightarmfree.ARightBWrongCNotmentionedThenumberofright-handedmotherswhoholdthebabyontheleftsideexceedsthatofleft-handedonesby22%.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned|Thefactthatmostleft-handedmothersholdthebabyontheirleftsiderendersthefirstexplanationunsustainable.ARightBWrongCNotmentionedThefactthattheheartisontheleftsideofthemothersbodyprovidesthemostconvincingexplanationofall.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned|Ababyheldintherightarmofitsmothercanbeeasilyfrightened.ARightBWrongCNotmentionedThewritersexplanationofthephenomenonissupportedbythefactthatbabiestendtobemorepeacefulifheldintheirmothersleftarmsthanintheright arms.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned三、概括大意與完成句子。 概括大意與完成句子。CaringfortheoldTheolddonothavetolookexclusivelytothepast.Relievedofsomeoflife'sresponsibilitiesandfortifiedbymanyyearsofexperienceandknowledge,theymayhaveamuchbetterideaofhowtospendtheirtimeenjoyablythantheydidintheiryouth.Andnotallenjoymentisrestrictedtothementalorphilosophical. Healthyphysicalactivity remainsquitepossibleformostofuswellintoourlateryears.31ThefirstparagraphdescribesHamer 31ThefirstparagraphdescribesHamer 23paragraph123paragraph1Oldpeoplesometimesdisplaysurprisingfreedomandforthrightnessintheexpressionoftheirthoughtsandfeelings,andanabilitytotransmitaffection.Itisasthoughsomeoftheritualswhichconstrictusinearlierlifefallaway.Butahigherpercentageofpeoplesufferfromemotionaldistressinoldagethanatanyothertimeinadultlife,andthegapbetweenneedandcareisoften filledbydubiousmeasures,suchasheavy-handedprescriptionofmedicinEFormanyyearsitwasassumedthatoldpeoplewerenotappropriatecandidatesforpsychotherapy.Butafewclinicianshaverisentothechallengeanddiscoveredthatindividualandgrouppsychotherapyisjustaseffectivewiththeoldaswiththeyoung.Itiseasytounderstandwhyanearthquakecausesterror.Yetinoldagetheremaybeterrorofaveryprivatenature,asenseofdisintegrationsometimesstemmingfrominnerconflicts,sometimesfromapremonitionofdeathorthefearofbecomingdependent.Dependencyisagrimchoice:insecurityanddeprivationmustbeweighedagainstlossofautonomyandintegrity.Butifthereisnothingshamefulaboutthedependencyofababyorayoungchild,thereshouldbenothingshamefulaboutthedependenciesnaturalwitholdageanddiminishingphysicalresources.Thecomplexityandimpersonalityofthebureaucraticestablishments,whichhavethemeanstoprovidehelp,areoftenthreateningtooldpeoplETheyoungergenerationtoday,ontheotherhand,willhavehadmanydecadestointeractwith"thesystem"bythetimetheyreacholdage.Manyofus,includinghealthcareproviders,assumethatweknowwhatoldpeopleanddyingpeoplewant,butourassumptionsareoftenareflectionsofourwonthoughtsandfeelingsbasedonpersonalinterpretationsofscantybitsofobservation.Suchassumptionsarereallyanexcusetoavoidclosecontactwiththeterminallyill.Assumingwe"know"whattheywant,weobserveourselvesfrombeingwiththem,andsharingtheirthoughtsabouttheendoflife.Wesometimesassume,wrongly,thatoldpeoplearetooconfusedor seniletobeawareofthenearnessofdeath.Inconsequence,communicationbetweenadyingandothersissubjecttoextraordinary omissionsanddistortions."Protecting"thedyingfromknowledgeoftheircondition oftenservestoprotectusfromtheuncomfortableprospectoftalkingaboutdyinganddeath.Evasionslikethisonlyleadtoincreasingisolationatatimewhenemotionalhonestyandunderstandingaremostneeded.

24paragraph225paragraph3paragraph5AKnowingbetterhowtoenjoylifeBFreedominexpressionCPsychotherapyeffectivewithsomeoftheoldDPeriodofgreateremotionaldistressEDependency:agrimchoiceFGuiltiness:dependencyOldpeoplemaywellbeactiveinOldpeoplesometimesknowbetterItisanaturalthingWeoftenthinkthatweknowthefeelingofadyingperson,AhowtoshowlovetoothersBhowtoshowangertoothersCyetweknowwearewrongDvariouskindsofsportsEbutweareoftenwrongFthatoldpeopledependonothers四、閱讀理解第一篇AGay（n.同性戀Biologist（n. 生物學家同性戀）生物學家）

MolecularbiologistDeanHammerhasblueeyes,lightbrownhairandagoodsenseofhumor.Hesmokescigarettes,spendslonghoursinanoldlaboratoryattheUSNationalInstitute ofHealth,andinhisfreetimeclimbsupcliffsandpointshisskisdownsteepslopes.Healsohappenstobeopenly,matter-of-factlygay.WhatisitthatmakesHammerwhoheis?What,forthatmatter,accountsforthetalentsandtraitsthatmakeupanyone'spersonality?Hammerisnotcontentmerelytoasksuchquestions。heistryingtoanswerthemaswell.Apioneerinthefieldofmolecularpsychology,Hammerisexploring therolegenesplayingoverningtheverycoreofourindividuality.Toaremarkableextent,hisworkonwhatmightbecalledthegay,thrill-seekingandquit-smokinggenesreflectshowowngeneticpredispositions.Thatwork,whichhasappearedmostlyinscientificjournals,hasbeengatheredintoanaccessibleandquitereadableforminHammer'screativenewbook,LivingwithOurGenes."youhaveaboutasmuchchoiceinsomeaspectofyourpersonality. ”Hamerandco-authorPeterCopelandwriteintheintroductorychapter, “asyoudointheshapeofyournoseorthesizeof yourfeet.”Untilrecently,researchintobehavioralgeneticswasdominatedbypsychiatristsandpsychologists,whobasedtheirmostcompellingconclusionsabouttheimportanceofgenesonstudiesofidenticaltwins.Forexample,psychologistMichaelBaileyofNorthwesternUniversityfamouslydemonstratedthatifoneidenticaltwinisgay,thereisabouta50%likelihoodthattheotherwillbetoo.Sevenyearsago,Hamerpickedupwherethetwinstudiesleftoff,hominginonspecificstripsofDNAthatappeartoinfluenceeverythingfrommoodtosexualorientation.Hamerswitchedtobehavioralgeneticsfrombasicresearch,afterreceivinghisdoctoratefromHarvard,hespentmorethanadecadestudyingthebiochemistryofaproteinthatcellsusetometabolizeheavymetalslikecopperandzinc.Ashewasabouttoturn40,however,Hamersuddenlyrealizedhehadlearnedasmuchabouttheproteinashecaredto. "Frankly,Iwasbored,"heremembers,“andreadyforsomethingnew.”Homosexualbehavior,inparticular,seemedripeforexplorationbecausefewscientistshaddaredtacklesuchanemotionallyandpoliticallychargedsubject.“Imgay,“Hamersayswithashrug, “butthatwasnotamajormotivation. Itwasmoreofaquestionofintellectualcuriosity —andthefactthatnooneelsewasdoingthissortofresearch”

Alooks,hobbiesandcharacter.Bviewpointonhomosexuality.Cuniquelife-style.Dscientificresearchwork.32HamerwasaApsychiatrist.Bphysiologist.Cchemist.Dbiologist.33WhatisHamerdoingnow?AHeisexploringtheroleofgenesindecidingone 'sintelligence.BHeisexploringtheroleofgenesindecidingone 'spersonality.CHeiswritingabookentitled “LivewithOurGenes.”DHeistryingtoanswersomequestionsonatestpaper.34WhathappenedtoHamer'sresearchinterest?AHeturnedtobasicresearch.BHestickedtobasicresearch.CHeturnedtobehavioralgenetics.DHestickedtobehavioralgenetics.35AccordingtoHamer,whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforhimtochoosehomosexualbehaviorashisresearchsubject?AHeisagayandhewantstocurehimself.BHewascuriousaboutitasascientist.CHewascuriousaboutitlikeeveryoneelse.DItisasubjectthatcanleadtopoliticalsuccess.SilentandDeadlyTransientischemicattacks(TIAS),ormini-strokes,resultfromtemporaryinterruptionsofbloodflowtothebrain.Unlikefullstrokes,theypresentsymptomslastinganywherefromafewsecondsto24hours.Rarelydotheycausepermanentneurologicaldamage,buttheyareoftenprecursorsofamajorstroke.“Ourmessageisquiteclear,“saysDr.RobertAdams,professorofneurologyattheMedicalCollegeofGeorgiainAugust. "TIAS,whilelessseverethanstrokesintheshortterm,arequitedangerousandneedaquickdiagnosisandtreatmentaswellasappropriatefollow-uptopreventfutureinjury.”Unfortunately,mini-strokesaregreatlyunderdiagnosed.AstudyconductedfortheNationalStrokeAssociationindicatesthat2.5%ofalladultsaged18orolder(about4.9millionpeopleintheU.S.)haveexperiencedaconfirmedTIA.Anadditional1.2millionAmericansovertheageof45,thestudyshowed,havemostlikelysufferedamini-strokewithoutrealizingit.Thesefindingssuggestthatifthepublicknewhowtospotthesymptomsofstroke,especiallymini-strokes,andsoughtpromptmedicaltreatment,thousandsoflivescouldbesavedandmajordisabilitycouldbeavoided.Theproblemisthatthesymptomsofamini-strokeareoftensubtleandpassing.Nonetheless,therearesignsyoucanlookoutfor:*Numbnessorweaknessintheface,armorleg,especiallyononesideofthebody.*Troubleseeinginoneorbotheyes.*Confusionanddifficultyspeakingorunderstanding.*Difficultywalking,dizzinessorlossofcoordination.*Severeheadachewithnoknowncause.Alongwiththesesymptoms,researchershaveidentifiedsomekeyindicatorsthatincreaseyourchancesofhavingafull-blow nstrokeafteraTIA:ifyou'reover60,haveexperiencedsymptomslastinglongerthan10minutes,feelweakandhaveahistoryofdiabetes.Aswithmanydiseases,youcanhelpyourselfbychangingyourlifestyle.Thefirstthingsyoushoulddoarequitsmoking,limityourintakeofalcoholtonomorethanadrinkortwoadayandincreaseyourphysicalactivity.Eventhosewhosufferfromhighbloodpressureordiabetescanimprovetheirodds —andminimizecomplicationsiftheydohaveastroke —bykeepingtheirillnessundercontrol.Ifyouexperienceanyofthesymptoms,yourfirstcallshouldbetoyourdoctor.Itcouldbethecallthatsavesyourlife.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofmini-strokes?AThecauseofthemremainsunidentified.BTheyseldomcausepermanentneurologicaldamage.CTheysymptomsofthemareoftenpassing.DTheyarenotunrelatedtomajorstrokes.Topreventmini-strokesfromturningintomajorstrokes,itisimportanttoAsavethousandsoflives.Bavoidmajordisability.Cseekpromptmedicaltreatment.Dpreventfutureinjury.Thepassageindicatesthatthesymptomsofmini-strokesAarealwayseasytospot.Barefrequentlyhardtorecognize.Cusuallylastacoupleofdays.Dcanbynomeansbeavoided.Allofthefollowingmaybesignsofmini-strokesEXCEPTforAtroubleseeinginoneeye.

Bnumbnessintheface.Clossofcoordination.Dsevereheadachecausedbyexternalinjury.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmini-strokesareAmoredangerousthanmajorstrokes.Bsilentanddeadly.Cdifficulttocure.Dsuretoleadtomajorstrokes.第三篇RoadTripVacationsIt'ssummer.IntheUnitedStates,it'stheseasonofswimmingpools,barbeques,campingandroadtrips.Roadtripvacationswherethecarjourneyispartofthefunareespeciallypopularwithcollegestudents,wholiketoexplorethecountryonwheels.Thesebudgettripsareidealforstudentswhooftenhaveplentyoffreetimebutlittlemoney.EversinceIwenttocollege,I'vebeentravelingaroundalot,exploringthecountry,"saidAustinHawkins,a19-year-oldcollegestudentfromNewYork.Thissummer,HawkinsandhisfriendshavespentweekendstravelinginNewEngland.Thebestpartaboutcartrips,saidHawkins,isthatyoucanbespontaneous."Onaroadtrip,ifyougetinterestedinthingsyouseealongthewayyoucanstopandexplore."MattRoberts,a20-year-oldstudentfromOhiowhodrovetoMontreal,Canada,agrees."Withroadtripsyoudonthavetoplaninadvance,youcanjustgetintoacaranddrive."Evenwithhighgasprices,drivingwithfriendsischeaperthanflying.Robertspaidabout40dollarsforgas,butaroundtripplaneticketwouldhavecostnearly400dollars.

Drivingtripsfirstbecamepopularinthe1920s.Newlypavedroadsandimproved,carsmadeitpossibletotravellongerdistances.Motelsstartedappearingoutsidecities.Bythe1950s,carownershipbecamethenorm.ConstructionoftheUSinterstatehighwaysystembeganin1956andmotelandrestaurantchainspoppedup1everywheremakinglongdistancetripseasier.Today,theUShasthehighestcarownershiprateintheworld.Only8percentofAmericanhomeshavenocar,accordingtothemostrecentUScensus.Thoughmanycollegestudentsdon'townacar,mosthaveaccesstoone.OnmanyofHawkins'trips,theyusedaborrowedvan.Hawkins'mostmemorableroadtriptookplaceoverspringbreak.HeandtwofriendsdrovefromNewYorktoNewOrleanstovolunteer,helpingrebuildthecityafterHurricaneKatrinahititlastJuly.Theycrossedthecountryintwodaysandsleptintheircarinchurchparkinglots.RobertsroadtriptoCanadalastwinterwasevenmoreeventful.UponarrivinginMontreal,theywerelostinablizzardandshiveringinthe- 25°cold.Tofindtheirhotel,theyturnedonalaptopanddrovearoundincirclesuntiltheyfoundaspotwithwirelessInternetcoverage."Iknowweshouldhaveplannedbetter,butwe reyoung.Now,whenIseethoseguysIalwayssay: 'Rememberwhenwewerelostinthesnowstorm!'I'llneverforgetthat."WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofAmericancollegestudents?ATheyhavelittlemoney.BTheyliketravelingbybike.CTheyliketoexplorethecountry.DTheyoftenhaveplentyoffreetime.WhatwillHawkinsdowhenheseessomethinginterestingonaroadtrip?AHewillturnback.BHewilldrivearound.

CHewillstoptoexplore.DHewillstopexploring.Whendidmotelssuddenlyappear?AAftertheworktobuildtheinterstatehighwaysystemstarted.BWhendrivingtripsbecamepopular.CAftermanyroadswerepaved.DAfternewcarsweremade.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeHawkins' triptoNewOrlends?AEventful.BColourful.CDelightful.DUnforgettable.Thewordblizzardinparagraph12canbereplacedbyAsnowstorm.BhurricanECmist.Dfog.五、補全短文。 補全短文。LookingtothefutureWhenamagazineforhigh-schoolstudentsaskeditsreaderswhatlifewouldbelikeintwentyyears,theysaid:Machineswouldberunbysolarpower.Buildingswouldrotatesotheycouldfollowthesuntotakemaximumadvantageofitslightandheat.Wallswould“radiatelight"and"changecolorwiththepushofabutton."foodwouldbereplacedbypills.46.Carswouldhaveradar.Doesthissoundliketheyear2000?__47__.

Thefutureismuchtooimportanttosimplyguessabout,thewaythehighschoolstudentsdid,soexpertsareregularlyaskedtopredictaccurately.__48__.Butcanthey?Oneexpertoncitieswrote:citiesofthefuturewouldnotbecrowded,butwouldhavespaceforfarmsandfields.Peoplewouldtraveltoworkin“airbuses”largeall-weatherhelicopterscarryingupto200passengers.Whenapersonlefttheairbusstationhecoulddriveacoin-operatedcarequippedwithradar.Theradarequipmentofcarswouldmaketrafficaccid ents“almostunheardof”.Doesthatsoundfamiliar?Iftheexperthadbeenaccurateitwould,becausehewaswritingin1957.hissubjectwas"Thecityof1982 ”.Iftheprofessionalssometimessoundlikehigh-schoolstudents,it'sprobablybecausefuturestudyisstillanewfielDButeconomicforecasting,orpredictingwhattheeconomywilldo,hasbeenaroundforalongtimEItshouldbeaccurate,andgenerallyitis.Buttherehavebeensomebigmistakesinthisfield,too.49.InOctoberofthatyear,thestockmarkethaditsworstlossesever,ruiningthousandsofinvestorswhohadputtheirfaithinfinancialforeseers.__50__.In1957,H.J.RandoftheRadCorporationwasaskedabouttheyear2000,“Onlyonethingiscertain,"heanswereDaChildrenwillhavereachedtheageof43.ABycarefullystudyingthepresent,skilledbusinessmenscientists,andpoliticiansaresupposedlyabletofigureoutinadvancewhatwillhappen.BSchoolwouldbetaught“byelectricalimpulsewhile wesleep.”COneforecasterknewthatpredictionsaboutthefuturewouldalwaysbesubjecttosignificanterrors.DInearly1929,mostforecasterssawanexcellentfutureforthest