話題7-社會(huì)行為準(zhǔn)則（知識(shí)梳理+專題過關(guān)） 【知識(shí)建構(gòu)遷移】 人教版九年級(jí)英語 上學(xué)期期中核心考點(diǎn)滿分突破

話題7-社會(huì)行為準(zhǔn)則【知識(shí)梳理】本單元以“社會(huì)行為準(zhǔn)則”為話題，結(jié)合此話題就學(xué)校和家庭的各種規(guī)章制度進(jìn)行了論述。在本單元話題作文的命題過程中，命題人通常會(huì)讓你就學(xué)?；蚣彝サ哪承┮?guī)章制度談一談自己的看法。寫作時(shí)多用第一人稱，時(shí)態(tài)主要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)時(shí)要有理有據(jù)，不能偏激?！叭椒ā睂懻?wù)撘?guī)則、閘述觀點(diǎn)類的作文。1．確定主題：引出要談?wù)摰脑掝}；2．談?wù)撘?guī)則：具體哪方面的規(guī)則；3．闡述觀點(diǎn)：贊成或者不贊成。課文回顧：1.Idon’tthinksixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtodrive.我認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該允許16歲的青少年開車?！揪湫推饰觥抠e語從句跟在think，believe，suppose，expect等動(dòng)詞后，主句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主句主語是第一人稱(I,we)，變否定句時(shí)，要否定主句，而不是從句，我們稱之為＂否定前移＂；變反意疑問句時(shí)，附加問句要與從句一致。Ithinkyouareright.我認(rèn)為你是對(duì)的。Idon’tthinkyouareright.我認(rèn)為你是不對(duì)的。Idon’tthinkheisclever,ishe?我認(rèn)為他不聰明，是嗎？【助記】＂否定前移＂的4個(gè)常用詞我認(rèn)為(think)猜想(suppose)不可相信(believe)，我期待著(expect)你的回答?！揪湫推饰觥縜llowv.允許；準(zhǔn)許allow常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：(1)allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事Mrs.Blackdoesn’tallowhersontoplaycomputergamesonschoolnights.布萊克夫人不允許她兒子在上學(xué)的夜晚玩電腦游戲。(2)be(not)allowedtodosth.(不)被允許做某事Passengersarenotallowedtosmoke.乘客不允許吸煙。(3)allowdoingsth.允許做某事Wedon’tallowsmokinginpublicplaces.我們不允許在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。2.Teenagersshouldbeallowedto…青少年應(yīng)該被允許...【句型剖析】（1）beallowedtodosth.意為“被允許做某事”，是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。它的結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。例如：Theworkcanbefinishedintwodays.這件工作可以在兩天后完成。（2）它的否定形式是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后面加not。Smokingcan’tbeallowedintheclassroom.吸煙在教室里是不被允許的。（3）一般疑問句是把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句子開頭。Canyourworkbefinishedtoday?你的工作今天能完成嗎？（4）動(dòng)詞短語allowsomebodytodosomething的意思是“允許某人做某事”。Myparentsallowmetogoswimmingafterschool.我的父母允許我放學(xué)后去游泳。3.Sixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.16歲的青少年應(yīng)該被允許打耳洞?！揪湫推饰觥縢ettheirearspierced意為“打耳洞”，此處get用作使役動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于make或have,意為“使，讓”?！癵et/have+賓語+過去分詞”意為“使某事被做”。其中過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作往往是別人做的，與句子的主語無關(guān)。I’mgoingtogetmyhaircuttonight.我打算晚上去理發(fā)?！緮U(kuò)展】①getsb.todosth.(相當(dāng)于let/make/havesb.dosth.)讓某人去做某事Theteachergotmetofetchsomechalk.老師讓我去拿一些粉筆。②getsb./sth.+形容詞讓某人/某事處于某種狀態(tài)Thegirlgotherroomclean.女孩把她的房間收拾得很干凈。③getsth.done(過去分詞)=havesth.done(過去分詞)Igetmycarmended.=Ihavemycarmended.我讓別人修好我的車。4.Iregrettalkingback,notlisteningtoMom.我后悔當(dāng)初頂嘴而沒有聽媽媽的話【句型剖析】regret此處作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“后悔；惋惜;懊惱”，后可接名詞、代詞、that或what引導(dǎo)的從句、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。regretdoingsth.意為“后悔做了某事”，用于對(duì)做過的事感到后悔。Ifyoudon'tdoitnow,you'llonlyregretit.如果你現(xiàn)在不做,你一定會(huì)后悔的。IdeeplyregretwhatIsaid.我非常后悔說了那些話。Heneverregretsspendingtimehelpingothers.他從不后悔花時(shí)間幫助別人?！颈嫖觥縭egretdoingsth.與regrettodosth.*regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過的事感到遺憾、后悔(已做)IregrettellingherwhatIthought.我后悔告訴了她我的想法。*regrettodosth.對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾(未做)Iregrettohavetodoit,butIhavenochoice.我很遺憾必須做它,但我別無選擇?！緮U(kuò)展】與regret用法類似的動(dòng)詞:trytodosth.努力/盡力做某事 trydoingsth.試著做某事remembertodosth.記得去做某事 rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事meantodosth.打算去做某事 meandoingsth.意味著做某事forgettodosth.忘記要做某事 forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事【句型剖析】safetyn.安全；安全性Safetycomesfirst.Weshouldobeythetrafficrulestostayawayfromaccidentsontheroad.安全是第一位的。在路上，我們應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則，遠(yuǎn)離交通事故。insafety處于安全的狀態(tài)。Thechildrenarenowinsafety.孩子們現(xiàn)在安全了。【拓展】(1)safeadj.安全的；無危險(xiǎn)的；其反義詞是dangerousadj.危險(xiǎn)的。Thisplaceisverydangerous，andyoushouldgotoasafeplace.這個(gè)地方很危險(xiǎn)，你應(yīng)該到一個(gè)安全的地方。(2)safelyadv.安全地Wegottothesmallislandsafelyfinally.我們最終安全地到達(dá)了小島。5.Butsometimesthesecangetinthewayoftheirschoolwork…但有時(shí)這些會(huì)妨礙他們的學(xué)業(yè)…【句型剖析】getinthewayof意為“阻礙，妨礙……”。例如：Hersociallifegotinthewayofherstudies.她的社會(huì)生活妨礙了她的學(xué)習(xí)?！就卣埂浚?）intheway有“擋路”的意思，還有“用這種方法”的意思。例如：Sorry,youareintheway.對(duì)不起，你擋路了。Inthisway，hehascollectedagreatmanystamps。用這種方法他收集了大量的郵票。（2）ontheway意為“在去某地的路上”。例如：Onthewaytothestation，Iboughtsomechocolate。在去車站的路上我買了些巧克力。（3）bytheway意為“順便說一聲”。例如：Bytheway，haveyouseenHarryrecently？順便說一句，你最近見過哈里嗎？（4）inaway意為“從某種意義上說”。例如：Inaway，itisanimportantbook。在某種意義上，這是一本重要的書。6.Iwassafeandkeptmefromdanger.我很安全，避免了危險(xiǎn)?！揪湫推饰觥浚?）keep用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“保存；保留；保守”。例如：Couldyoukeeptheselettersforme,please?你能替我保存這些信嗎？I’llkeepaseatforyou.我給你留個(gè)座位。Canyoukeepasecret?你能保守秘密嗎？（2）keep用作連系動(dòng)詞,后常接表語形容詞，意為“保持處于某種狀態(tài)”。例如：Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeephealthy.你必須照顧好自己，保持身體健康。Sheknewshemustkeepcalm.她知道她必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜。（3）keep的常用句型：keepdoingsth.意為“繼續(xù)干某事“，表示不間斷地持續(xù)干某事，后須接延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。例如：Hekeptworkingallday,becausehewantedtofinishtheworkontime.他整天都在不停地工作，因?yàn)樗霚?zhǔn)時(shí)完成工作。keepondoingsth.意為“持續(xù)做某事”。例如：Thepupilkeptonaskingmethesamequestion.這個(gè)學(xué)生不斷地問我同一個(gè)問題。keep...fromdoingsth.意為“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如：Theheavysnowkeptusfromgoingout.大雪使我們不能出去7.LiuYu,afifteen-year-oldboyfromShandong,isarunningstar.來自山東的15歲男孩劉宇是一位跑步明星?！揪湫推饰觥縡ifteen-year-old既可以作形容詞，也可以作名詞，意為“15歲的（孩子）”。Mypenpalisasixteen-year-oldboy.我的筆友是16歲的男孩。Sixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.應(yīng)該允許16歲的孩子選擇自己的服裝?！就卣埂坑⒄Z合成形容詞主要有如下幾類：（1）數(shù)詞+名詞afive-minutewalk一段步行五分鐘的路程（2）數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞asix–year-oldgirl一個(gè)六歲的女孩（3）形容詞+名詞afull-timeschool一所全日制學(xué)校（4）名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞anEnglish-speakingcountry一個(gè)說英語的國(guó)家8.Wehavenothingagainstrunning.我們不反對(duì)賽跑?！揪湫推饰觥縣avenothingagainst(doing)sth.意為“不反對(duì)某事/做某事”。其中against為介詞,意為“反對(duì);違背”,其反義詞為for,意為“支持”。短語beagainstdoingsth.反對(duì)做某事befordoingsth.贊成做某事【拓展】against作介詞,可用來表示位置,意為“倚;碰;撞”,也可表示“與對(duì)抗”Therainbeatagainstthewindow.雨點(diǎn)敲打著窗戶。Jimisatennispro.I'mnotsureIwanttoplayagainsthim!杰姆是個(gè)職業(yè)網(wǎng)球選手,我當(dāng)然不想跟他打啦!9.IthinkIshouldbeallowedtomakethischoicemyself.我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該讓我自己去做這個(gè)選擇?！揪湫推饰觥縞hoice是名詞,意為“選擇;挑選”,其動(dòng)詞形式為choose。Wearefacedwithadifficultchoice.我們面臨著一個(gè)困難的抉擇?！径陶Z】makeachoice/makechoices做出選擇havenochoice(buttodosth.)別無選擇(只能做某事)Hehastomakesomeimportantchoices.他得做出一些重要的選擇。Ihavenochoicebuttoleave.除了離開,我別無選擇?！練w納】choose=makeachoice,類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有很多:promise=makeapromise承諾;答應(yīng)apologize=makeanapology道歉invite=makeaninvitation邀請(qǐng)mistake=makeamistake出錯(cuò);犯錯(cuò)誤wish=makeawish許愿use=make(the)useof利用;運(yùn)用study=makeastudyof學(xué)習(xí);研究decide=makeadecision做決定10.OnlythenwillIhaveachancetoachievemydream.只有那樣,我才會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想?！揪湫推饰觥勘揪涫且詏nly開頭的部分倒裝句,only意為“只有/直到”.以only開頭的部分倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+其他”O(jiān)nlyrecentlyhaveIhadtimetoreadthisbook.(Ihave倒裝為haveI)直到最近我才有時(shí)間讀這本書。Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceed.(wecan倒裝為canwe)只有努力工作我們才能成功?！咀⒁狻竣佼?dāng)only位于句首修飾主語時(shí),不用倒裝。OnlyLilyfeltnervous.只有莉莉感到緊張。②only所修飾的狀語如果不在句首,則句子不倒裝。Wewillsucceedonlywhenwetryourbest.只有拼盡全力,我們才會(huì)贏?！緦ｎ}過關(guān)】評(píng)卷人得分一、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話5選5根據(jù)對(duì)話情景選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。A:Hi,Linda.____1____B:I’mreadinganewspaper.A:____2____B:Yes,thereis.It’saboutaprogramforhomelesschildren.A:____3____B:Yes,ofcourse.Itteachesthechildrensomeskillsandthenhelpsthemfindjobsinthefuture.A:Soundsgreat!____4____B:Theyhavesomestrictrulesforthechildrentoobey.A:____5____B:Theythinkitiswonderful.Itcanhelpthemfindgoodjobsandliveontheirown.A．Canyoutellmemoreabouttheprogram?B．Howdopeoplemanageit?C．Whatareyoudoing?D．Whatdothechildrenthinkoftheprogram?E．Isthereanythingspecialinthenewspaper?評(píng)卷人得分二、完形填空Asthesayinggoes,“Aheroisknowninthetimeofmisfortune(不幸)”.ZhongNanshanisaherolikethis.HeisadoctorinGuangdong,who____6____manypeople’slivesin2003.In2003,SARS____7____inGuangdong.Later,itspreadacrossChinaandotherpartsoftheworld.Patientscoughedalotandgotfevers.Hundredsof____8____evendiedfromthedisease.EvenmanydoctorsandnursesgotSARSwhentheytreatedpatients.Soeveryonewasafraidofit.ButZhongwas____9____enoughtofightagainstthedisease.Zhongspentdaysandnightstofindthecause____10____thedisease.Andwithhiswayoftreating,manypatientsbegantogetbetter.Zhongfinallywonpeople’strust.Attheendof2019,adiseasecalledCOVID-19(新型冠狀病毒肺炎)hitWuhan.Itspreadso____11____thataroundtensofthousandsofChinesepeoplewereinfected(感染).Zhong,84,led____12____teamtoWuhantofighttheillness.Zhong’steamtookmanymeasurestocurethepatientswithCOVID-19.Headvisedpeopletowearmasks,____13____handsfrequently(頻繁地),stayathomeandnottogotocrowdedplaces.Zhonglikessportsverymuch.____14____hewas67,hecouldstillplaybasketball.Nowattheageof84,Zhongstilltreatspatientsinthe____15____withyoungdoctors.“Iamjustadoctor.”Zhongsays.Butwethinkheisaheroandafighter.6．A．helped B．saved C．liked D．influenced7．A．tookout B．foundout C．gaveout D．brokeout8．A．patients B．a(chǎn)dults C．a(chǎn)nimals D．birds9．A．kind B．poor C．brave D．silent10．A．with B．to C．of D．in11．A．quickly B．slowly C．safely D．luckily12．A．my B．his C．her D．their13．A．weigh B．pollute C．shake D．wash14．A．When B．Although C．Unless D．Because15．A．school B．library C．hospital D．supermarket評(píng)卷人得分三、閱讀單選閱讀下面短文，選出能完成所給句子的最佳選項(xiàng)。Bullying(欺凌)canhappentoanyone.Agreatmanychildrenaroundtheworldarebulliedeveryyear,buttherearethingsthatcanbedonetohelp.Whatisbullying?Bullyingiswhensomeonemakesyoufeelbadorhurtsyouagainandagain.Bullyingcanhappenatschool,outofschoolandonline.Bullyingincludes:●callingpeoplemean(惡意的)names●laughingatpeople●tellingliesaboutpeople●takingsomeone’sthingswithoutpermission(允許)●notlettingsomeoneplayinagroup●hittingpeopleWhatiscyberbullying?Cyberbullyingincludes:●sendingbadmessagesonline●sharingphotosonlinewithoutpermission●notlettingsomeonebepartofanonlinegroup●spreadingliesonlineWhatcanyoudo?Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultwhatyouknowandlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.Ifyougetbadmessages,don’treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.Askanadultforhelp.Don’tsharesomethingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.Thatwillhelpstopthecyberbullying.Talktoyourparentsorteacheroranadultifyouseebullyingorifyouareworriedaboutafriend.Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.Formoreinformation,visitourhomepageat.16．Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingarebullyingEXCEPT_________.A．callingpeoplemeannames B．hittingpeopleC．tellingliesaboutpeople D．laughingwithpeople17．Cyberbullyingmeansbullying_________.A．a(chǎn)tschool B．a(chǎn)thome C．onthestreet D．ontheInternet18．Whenyougetbadmessagesonline,youshould_________.A．sharethemwithfriends B．givethemtoyourteacherC．replytothematonce D．keepthemasyoursecrets19．Ifyouarenotkindtosomeone,youshould_________.A．saysorrytothatperson B．talkaboutitinpublicC．a(chǎn)skyourparentstosaysorry D．feelsadandkeepquiet20．Thispassageismainlywrittenfor_________.A．teachers B．parents C．children D．thepoliceEveryschoolhasitsownsetofrulestokeepstudentsdisciplined(遵守紀(jì)律的).Theruleschangefromoneschooltoanother.Someschoolsaremuchstricterthanothers.Therearealsosomerulesthatlookstrangeorfunnytous.Herearesomefunnyschoolrules.InJapan,mostschoolsdemand(要求)thatstudentswearuniforms,suchassportssuitsorskirts.ButmanyJapaneseschoolsevenregulate(規(guī)定)thecolourofunderwear(內(nèi)衣)!Theyalsodemandthatgirls’whitesocksbefoldedinacertainwayandboys’headsbeshaved(剃掉).AndJapaneseschoolsalsotellstudentsthattheymaynotdate(約會(huì)),gotomovies,leavehomeaftersunsetorplayvideogameswithoutpermissionfromtheschool.InAmerica,forsafetyatsomeschools,studentsmusthaveapairofindoorshoestochangeintoatschooleveryday.Thismakessurestudentswon’tfalloveronthewetfloorsandkeepstheschoolsclean.Gum(口香糖)chewingisnotallowedinmanyUSschoolbuildings,asitisdifficulttocleanup.Andifstudentschewguminclass,_______.InBritain,strangehairstylesarenotallowedinsomeschools.ButtheymightallowstudentstowearcertainhairstylesduringtheWorldCupyears.Twostudentshadaspecialdesignshavedintotheirhairduring2014WorldCup.Buttheywerenotacceptedbytheirschoolafterthatbecausetheschoolsaidtheruleshadchangedsincethen.21．Thetextmainlytalksabout_______.A．howforeignstudentskeepthemselvesdisciplinedB．howimportantschoolrulesbecomeC．howstrangesomeforeignschoolrulesareD．howforeignstudentsgetusedtotheirschoolrules22．InJapan,manyschoolsdon’tallowtheirstudentsto_______.A．shavetheirheads B．datewithoutpermissionC．wearsportssuits D．playbasketballathome23．Whichisthebestonetobeputintotheblankinthethirdparagraph?A．itishardtocleanupaswell B．theywillmaketoomuchnoiseC．itisunfairfortheotherswhodon’t D．theymaynotfocusontheirstudy24．Inwhichcountry,studentsareallowedtowearcertainhairstylesduringtheWorldCupyears?A．China. B．America. C．Britain. D．Japan.25．Fromthetextwecaninfer(推斷)_______.A．differentcountriesmayhavedifferentschoolrulesB．somefunnyschoolrulesareofrealuseC．schoolrulesintheUKarenotverystrictD．schoolrulesinJapanarebetterthanthoseintheUS評(píng)卷人得分四、多任務(wù)混合閱讀Takingyourdogforawalkcanbefuntodo.But(A)itcanalsobeadangertoothers.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),(B)over10millionpeopleinChinaarebittenbydogseveryyear.PeopleinBeijingandShanghaihavealreadybeenaskedtokeeptheirdogsonaleash（皮帶）.Later,asimilarlaw（法律）iscarriedoutacrossthecountry.ItislistedinthenewlyrewrittenAnimalQuarantineLaw.ThelawhasbeeninforcesinceMay1,2021.Thelawcentersonthepreventionofrabies（狂犬?。?Therabiesvirusismainlycarriedbydogs.Thelawmakesitclearthatanyonewhokeepsdogsmustregularlygetthemvaccinated（接種疫苗）.Thosewhowalktheirdogsoutdoorsmustkeeptheirdogsonaleashtopreventthemfromhurtingpeopleorspreadingdiseases（疾?。?Thosewhodon’tfollowthelawwillfaceafine（罰款）.(C)Inthepast,itwasuptodogownerswhethertogettheirdogsvaccinatedornot.Thismeantthatifsomeonewasbittenbyadog,heorshewouldhavetogotoahospitalandgettreatedandvaccinatedatonce.GaoFu,headofChina’sCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saiditmakesmoresensetovaccinatedogsthanhumans.Manyotherdiseasescanalsospreadbetweenaanimalsandhumans.Accordingtoexperts,70percentofanimaldiseasescanbepassedontohumans.And75percentofallnewinfectioushumandiseasescomefromanimals.26．寫出(A)處畫線單詞指代的內(nèi)容。__________________________________________________________27．把文中(B)處畫線句子翻譯成漢語。__________________________________________________________28．把文中(C)處畫線句子翻譯成漢語。__________________________________________________________29．寫出《動(dòng)物防疫法》的聚焦點(diǎn)。__________________________________________________________30．簡(jiǎn)要概括本文大意。__________________________________________________________評(píng)卷人得分五、短文首字母填空Howmanyofyoudohouseholdchoresathome?It’sreportedthatfewteenagerswouldliketospendtimeonthem.Intheiropinion,it’sacompletew____31____oftime.Someeventhinktheyshouldbetakengoodcareofbytheirparentsallthetime.However,suchlifeskillsarereallynecessary.OnJune3,2020,theMinistryofEducation(MOE)producedadocument（文件）forhighschools.A____32____tothedocument,laboreducationislistedasacompulsory（必修的）c____33____forhighschoolstudents.Itwouldbeasi____34____astheforeignlanguageorphysics.Andeachofthemtakessixcredits（學(xué)分）.Voluntaryservice,aspartoflaboreducation,wouldtaketwocredits.TheMOEalsoasks