從句（定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句） 【思維導(dǎo)圖+知識拓展+能力提升+ 模板引路】高考英語高效備考滿分突破

從句（定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句）Part01定語從句1：考點梳理引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞；限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)；關(guān)系詞之間的異同及選用?？键c1定語從句的種類(1)限制性定語從句從句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明確，與主句之間不用逗號隔開。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.(2)非限制性定語從句從句是對主句或先行詞的補充和說明，去掉后不影響主句的意思，與主句之間往往用逗號隔開。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞/指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.考點2關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中作賓語時,?？梢允÷?但介詞提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人賓語MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人、物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人、物主語、賓語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語、賓語Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人、物主語、賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時間時間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替換where地點地點狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替換why原因原因狀語Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替換考點3關(guān)系代詞that和which的特殊用法1.限制性定語從句中，只用關(guān)系代詞that的情況：(1)先行詞是all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代詞。IwilltellyoueverythingthatIknow.(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾。Whatisthefirstforeigncitythatyouhaveeverbeento?(3)先行詞被theonly,thevery(正好),thelast,all,any,every,no,little,much,some等限定詞修飾。Chattingistheonlythingthatinterestsher.(4)先行詞中既有人也有物。Thethingsandpersonsthattheymentionedarestrangetome.(5)在which或who的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句。Whoistheboythatislyingunderthetree?2.先行詞指物時，只用關(guān)系代詞which的情況：(1)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.(2)非限制性定語從句中。Hechangedhismind,whichmademeangry.(3)先行詞本身是that。Whatisthatwhichyouhaveputintoyourschoolbagjustnow?考點4限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫時不用逗號分開TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定語從句對先行詞作附加的說明,與主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切,較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開,相當(dāng)于一個插入語,不能用that引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞作賓語時也不能省略Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.考點5關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別1.位置不同。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能位于句首。Asweallknow,lifeisnotabedofroses.Lifeisnotabedofroses,whichweallknow.2.意義不同。as意為“正如，就像”，引導(dǎo)的從句表達人的觀點、事物的習(xí)慣性等意義，主要起承上啟下的作用；which意為“這一點”，引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個并列句，補充說明主句的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。Asoftenhappened,theywonthefootballgameagain.Itrainedheavily,whichpreventedusfromgoingout.3.當(dāng)先行詞被such,so,as等詞修飾時，一般用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。Suchbooksasyouwantaresoldout.Part02名詞性從句1：考點梳理主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句的基本用法；易混引導(dǎo)詞的辨析；名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分?？键c1基本用法引導(dǎo)詞類別常見引導(dǎo)詞作用連接代詞what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任主語、表語、賓語、或定語等成分連接副詞how,when,where,why,however,whenever,wherever有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任狀語成分從屬連詞that,whether,if除that外均有詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，只起連接作用考點2主語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主句主語的從句叫作主語從句。主語從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有：(1)從屬連詞：that,whether,if(2)連接代詞：what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever(3)連接副詞：how,when,where,why,however,whenever,wherever2.it作形式主語在通常情況下，that引導(dǎo)主語從句時，常用it作形式主語，而將that從句置于句尾。用it作形式主語通常有以下四種句型：(1)It＋be＋形容詞＋從句：Itisnecessarythat...有必要……Itisimportantthat...重要的是……Itisobviousthat...很明顯……(2)It＋be＋過去分詞＋從句：Itisbelievedthat...人們相信……Itisknowntoallthat...眾所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat...已決定……(3)It＋be＋名詞(短語)＋從句：Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常識Itisasurprisethat...令人驚奇的是……Itisafactthat...事實是……(4)It＋不及物動詞/動詞短語＋從句：Itappearsthat...似乎……Ithappensthat...碰巧……Itoccurstosb.that...某人突然想起……Itdoesn’tmatterwhether...……沒有關(guān)系考點3賓語從句動詞+賓語從句Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.介詞+wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhewouldlosehiswork.besides/beyond/but/except/that(除了)Haveyouheardanythingbeyondthatheisill?Criticismandself-criticismisnecessarybutthatithelpsuscorrectourmistakes.find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等+it+賓語補足語+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto等+it+賓語從句Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.形容詞+賓語從句I’msurethattheycanmakeit.考點4表語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語的從句叫作表語從句，可接表語從句的連系動詞有be,seem,look,sound,taste,feel,remain,appear等。表語從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有：(1)從屬連詞：that,whether(2)連接代詞：what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever(3)連接副詞：how,when,where,why2.幾種特殊的表語從句(1)asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句此類表語從句常出現(xiàn)在seem,look,sound,taste,feel,appear等連系動詞后，從句可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。ItsoundsasifyouarefromCanada.Itseemedasifshehadheardthenews.(2)because和why引導(dǎo)的表語從句此類表語從句常用于以下句型：this/thatiswhy...這/那是……的原因this/thatisbecause...這/那是因為……注意：主句主語是reason時，表語從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，而不用because或why。Theaccidentthathappenedyesterdaywasbecausethedriverhadbeendrunk.Thereasonforyesterday’saccidentisthatthedriverwasdrunk.考點5同位語從句常見的能接同位語從句的名詞belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word引導(dǎo)詞同位語從句一般用that引導(dǎo),但根據(jù)語境的不同,也可以用其他的連接代詞和連接副詞。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略例句Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.Thequestionwhereweshallhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecided.考點6連詞whether和if在名詞性從句中的使用1.用whether或if均可的情況(1)whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)大部分動詞后的賓語從句時，兩者均可。(2)it作形式主語，且主語從句在句末時，兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語從句。Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhether/ifweshallstudyabroad.2.用whether而不用if的情況(1)主語從句和賓語從句置于句首Whetherwewillgocampingdependsontheweather.Whetherhewillsucceed,Ican’tsay.(2)引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句Thequestioniswhetherwecangetintouchwithhim.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherhewillattendthemeeting.(3)引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句Everythingdependsonwhetherwehavefreetime.(4)引導(dǎo)詞與ornot連用Hedoesn’tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtostay.(5)引導(dǎo)詞后接todoTheyneededmoretimetoconsiderwhethertoholdameeting.(6)有些動詞如discuss,decide等后的賓語從句Wediscussedwhetherweshouldholdameeting.(7)避免用if引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生歧義Letmeknowwhetheryouarecomingtoourparty.Part03狀語從句1：考點梳理and和but的用法區(qū)別；while表對比的用法。時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、條件、方式和比較狀語從句等；常用的引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞?？键c1基本用法1.并列句的用法及常見連詞用法連詞表并列、遞進或順承關(guān)系and，both...and...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...，aswellas表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but(不可與although/though連用),yet表選擇關(guān)系either...or...，not...but...，or，orelse，ratherthan表因果關(guān)系for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)，soand與or用于并列句祈使句＋and＋陳述句，and表順承祈使句＋or＋陳述句，or表轉(zhuǎn)折while表對比強調(diào)對比關(guān)系，意為“然而；而”2.狀語從句的類型及常見連接詞狀語從句類型常見連接詞時間狀語從句when,while,as,before,after,since,till,until,immediately,assoonas,everytime地點狀語從句where,wherever讓步狀語從句though/although,evenif/eventhough,while,“疑問詞-ever”，“nomatter＋疑問詞”條件狀語從句if,once,unless,incase,as/solongas,onconditionthat原因狀語從句because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,inthat,consideringthat,forthereasonthat結(jié)果狀語從句sothat,so/such...that目的狀語從句sothat,inorderthat,forfear(that),incase比較狀語從句than,as...as,notso...as方式狀語從句as,asif/asthough考點2時間狀語從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞或短語意義例句when,while,as當(dāng)……的時候Hejumpedupwhenthephonerang.Welistenedwhiletheteacherread.ThephonerangjustasIwasleaving.(as強調(diào)主、從句動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生;while從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞,不能是非延續(xù)性動詞)till,until直到JanecompletedherlastnovelPersuasionin1816,butitwasnotpublisheduntilafterherdeath.(until要與延續(xù)性動詞連用;not...until要與非延續(xù)性動詞連用)since自從Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他參軍兩年了。Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.他戒煙兩年了。(其后所用動詞不同,該動詞所表示動作持續(xù)時間的計算方法也不同)themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond;nosooner...than...;hardly...when...;assoonas;directly,immediately,once一……就……Tellhimthenewsassoonasyouseehim.Irecognizedherthemoment(that)Isawher.Iwanttoseehimtheminute(that)hearrives.IwenthomedirectlyIhadfinishedwork.Oncehearrives,wecanstart.考點3結(jié)果狀語從句關(guān)聯(lián)短語或結(jié)構(gòu)意義例句sothat結(jié)果Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,sothathedidn’tfinishhisworkintime.so+形容詞/副詞+that從句如此……以至于……XiaoMingissocleverthatallhisteacherslikehim.so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句Itissobeautifulascenerythatmanypeoplelooklostinit.so+many/much/little/few+名詞+that從句Therewassolittlewaterinthejarthatitwasnotenoughforallofus.such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句TheyaresuchinterestingbooksthatIwanttoreadthemoncemore.考點4讓步狀語從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞或短語意義例句though,although雖然Although/Thoughsmall,thecompanyhasabout1,000buyersinover30countries.(although和though用正常語序,可和yet連用,但不可和but連用)as雖然Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.(在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式,可被though替換)evenif,eventhough即使Eventhough/ifyousayso,Idonotbelieveit.nomatterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,nomatterhow,however,nomatterwhen,whenever無論……Whoeverbreakslawswillbepunished.=Nomatterwhobreakslaws,he/shewillbepunished.(“疑問詞+ever”=“nomatter+疑問詞”,“疑問詞+ever”也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)while盡管,雖然Whileheloveshisstudents,heisverystrictwiththem.(一般位于句首,用于句中時,譯為“然而”,表對照對比關(guān)系)whether...ornot無論(是否)Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.考點5條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的常用連接詞有if,once,unless,incase,as/solongas,onconditionthat,supposing(that),given(that),providing/provided(that)等。1.if(1)若主句為將來時，if從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillgoskiing.(2)ifpossible/necessary意為“如有可能，如有必要”。If(itis)necessary,pleasebringyourcomputerhere.(3)onlyif和ifonlyonlyif意為“只有”，置于句首時主句的主謂要用部分倒裝。ifonly意為“但愿，要是……就好了”，引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣。Onlyifyouworkhardercanyoucatchupwithothers.Ifonlyitcouldbesunnytomorrow.2.unlessunless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“除非，否則”，可替換成if...not...。Pleasedon’tspeak,unlessyouareinvited.＝Pleasedon’tspeak,ifyouarenotinvited.考點6比較狀語從句比較狀語從句一般位于句尾，常用than,as...as...，notas/so...as...等引導(dǎo)。1.than前的形容詞和副詞用比較級形式。It’seasierthanIthought.Isingbetterthanhedoes.＝Hedoesn’tsingaswellasIdo.2.as...as...表示“前者與后者一樣……”，notas/so...as...表示“前者不如后者……”，形容詞和副詞均用原級。常用于以下句型：as＋adj./adv.＋asas＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋asas＋many/few＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋asas＋much/little＋不可數(shù)名詞＋asIhaveasgoodasisterasyouhave.I’mnotasconsiderateassomanypeopleseemtothink.Theyarehavingalmostasmuchunemploymentasweare.考點7狀語從句中的省略1.在時間、地點、條件、方式、讓步或比較狀語從句中，當(dāng)從句和主句主語一致，且從句中又有be動詞時，可將從句主語及be動詞省略。Heopenedthedeskdrawer,asif(hewas)insearchofsomethingimportant.2.當(dāng)從句主語為代詞it，從句中又有be動詞時，從句主語及be動詞可省略。Comealongwithyourteacherif(itis)possible.3.當(dāng)從句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時，therebe可省略。Youcanaskmeque