學(xué)科名詞和植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)詞匯專家講座

土壤與植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)—

學(xué)科與植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)郜紅建

安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院第1頁(yè)一、學(xué)科專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)第2頁(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)資源運(yùn)用學(xué)UtilizationScienceofAgriculturalResources土壤學(xué)SoilScience植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)PlantNutrition植物保護(hù)學(xué)PlantProtection第3頁(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)EnvironmentalScience環(huán)境工程EnvironmentalEngineering生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程BiomedicalEngineering食品科學(xué)與工程FoodScienceandEngineering食品科學(xué)FoodScience第4頁(yè)作物栽培學(xué)與耕作學(xué)CropCultivationandFarmingSystem

作物遺傳育種學(xué)CropGeneticsandBreeding

園藝學(xué)Horticulture

果樹學(xué)Pomology

蔬菜學(xué)Olericulture茶學(xué)TeaScience第5頁(yè)林業(yè)工程ForestryEngineering森林工程ForestEngineering木材科學(xué)與技術(shù)WoodScienceandTechnology林產(chǎn)化學(xué)加工工程ChemicalProcessingEngineeringofForestProducts環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程EnvironmentalScienceandEngineering

第6頁(yè)糧食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals,OilsandVegetableProteinEngineering農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工及貯藏工程ProcessingandStorageofAgricultureProducts水產(chǎn)品加工及貯藏工程ProcessingandStorageofAquaticProducts農(nóng)學(xué)Agriculture作物學(xué)CropScience第7頁(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)昆蟲與害蟲防治AgriculturalEntomologyandPestControl農(nóng)藥學(xué)PesticideScience畜牧學(xué)AnimalScience動(dòng)物遺傳育種與繁殖AnimalGenetics,BreedingandReproductionScience動(dòng)物營(yíng)養(yǎng)與飼料科學(xué)AnimalNutritionandFeedScience第8頁(yè)二、常用元素名稱第9頁(yè)Hydrogen氫HBoron硼B(yǎng)Carbon碳CNitrogen氮NOxygen氧O

Fluorine氟FSodium鈉NaMagnesiumMgAluminumAlSilicon硅Si

第10頁(yè)P(yáng)hosphorus磷PSulfur硫S

Chlorine氯Cl

Potassium鉀KCalcium鈣CaChromium鉻Cr

Manganese錳

MnIron鐵

FeCopper銅CuZinc鋅Zn

第11頁(yè)Arsenic砷AsSelenium硒Se

Silver銀AgCadmium鎘CdGold金Au

Mercury汞Hg

Lead鉛Pb第12頁(yè)三、植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)詞匯第13頁(yè)植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)[學(xué)]

plantnutrition植物礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)mineralnutritionofplant植物有機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)

organicnutritionofplant有機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)說(shuō)

theoryoforganicnutrition最低因子律

lawoftheminimum礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)說(shuō)

theoryofmineralnutrition第14頁(yè)米采利希定律

Mitscherlich'slaw報(bào)酬遞減率

lawofdiminishingreturns歸還學(xué)說(shuō)

theoryofreturns根圈營(yíng)養(yǎng)

rhizospherenutrition根氧化力

oxidizingforceofroot根系分泌物

rootexudate第15頁(yè)根系陽(yáng)離子互換量

cationexchange

capacityofroot根外營(yíng)養(yǎng)

exorootnutrition階段營(yíng)養(yǎng)期

differentnutritionalstage營(yíng)養(yǎng)臨界期

criticalperiodofnutrition肥料最大效率期maximumefficiencystageoffertilization選擇吸取

selectiveabsorption第16頁(yè)互換吸取

exchangeabsorption積極吸取[養(yǎng)分]

activeuptake[nutrient]被動(dòng)吸取[養(yǎng)分]

passiveuptake[nutrient]奢侈吸取

luxuryabsorption接觸互換

contactexchange吸附學(xué)說(shuō)

theoryofabsorption第17頁(yè)載體學(xué)說(shuō)

carriertheory陰離子學(xué)說(shuō)

theoryofanionabsorption自由空間

freespace道南平衡

Donnanequilibrium能斯特方程

Nernstequation離子泵

ionpump第18頁(yè)腺苷三磷酸酶

ATPase離子載體

ionophor胞飲作用

pinocytosis稀釋效應(yīng)

dilutioneffect養(yǎng)分交互作用

nutrientinteraction離子拮抗作用

ionantagonism第19頁(yè)離子協(xié)合伙用ionsynergism競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性克制

competitiveinhibition非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性克制

noncompetitiveinhibition維茨效應(yīng)

Viet'seffect根系截獲

rootinterception質(zhì)流【養(yǎng)分】

massflow[nutrition]第20頁(yè)擴(kuò)散【養(yǎng)分】

diffusion[nutrition]植物體內(nèi)養(yǎng)分運(yùn)送

nutrientstransportinplant質(zhì)外體運(yùn)送

apoplasttransport共質(zhì)體運(yùn)送

symplasttransport短距離運(yùn)送

shortdistancetransport長(zhǎng)距離運(yùn)送

longdistancetransport第21頁(yè)木質(zhì)部運(yùn)送

xylem

transport韌皮部運(yùn)送

phloemtransport源-匯關(guān)系

source-sinkrelation植物激素

phytohormone生長(zhǎng)克制劑

growthinhibitor大量元素養(yǎng)分

macronutrient第22頁(yè)中量元素養(yǎng)分

middleelementnutrient微量元素養(yǎng)分

micronutrient必需元素

essentialelement有益元素

beneficialelement大量元素

macroelement微量元素

microelement,traceelement第23頁(yè)灰分元素

ashelement植物養(yǎng)分比例

plantnutrientsration養(yǎng)分有效性nutrientavailability養(yǎng)分生物有效性

nutrientbioavailability養(yǎng)分再運(yùn)用

nutrientreutilization養(yǎng)分濃度梯度

nutrientconcentrationgradient養(yǎng)分電勢(shì)梯度

nutrientelectropotentialgradient第24頁(yè)電化學(xué)勢(shì)梯度

gradientofelectrochemical

potential養(yǎng)分耗竭

nutrientdepletion養(yǎng)分富集

nutrientenrichment養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)移

nutrienttranslocation養(yǎng)分脅迫

nutrientstress養(yǎng)分效率

nutrientefficiency第25頁(yè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)條件

nutritionalcondition營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平nutritionallevel營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)nutritivematerial營(yíng)養(yǎng)液

nutrientsolution氮同化作用nitrogenassimilation氮平衡

nitrogenbalance第26頁(yè)氮代謝nitrogenmetabolism氨毒

ammoniatoxicity鈣調(diào)素calmodulin,CAM營(yíng)養(yǎng)根

nutritiveroot植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)遺傳學(xué)

geneticsofplantnutrition植物礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)基因型

mineralnutritiongenotypeofplant第27頁(yè)植物鐵載體

phytosideropore表面遷移

surfacemigration土壤養(yǎng)分

soilnutrient有效性養(yǎng)分

availablenutrient無(wú)效養(yǎng)分

non-availablenutrient土壤養(yǎng)分形態(tài)

formofsoilnutrient第28頁(yè)全氮

totalnitrogen全磷

totalphosphorus全鉀

totalpotassium可溶性養(yǎng)分

solublenutrient水溶性養(yǎng)分

watersolublenutrient酸溶性養(yǎng)分

acidsolublenutrient第29頁(yè)難溶性養(yǎng)分

difficultlysolublenutrient緩效性養(yǎng)分

slowlyavailablenutrient互換性養(yǎng)分

exchangeablenutrient非互換性養(yǎng)分

non-exchangeablenutrient活性養(yǎng)分

activenutrient速率因素

velocityfactor第30頁(yè)數(shù)量因素

quantityfactor強(qiáng)度因素

intensityfactor動(dòng)力因素

kineticfactor緩沖因素

bufferfactor養(yǎng)分循環(huán)

nutrientcycle養(yǎng)分平衡

nutrientbalance第31頁(yè)養(yǎng)分固定

nutrientfixation養(yǎng)分吸附

nutrientadsorption養(yǎng)分稀釋

nutrientreleasing養(yǎng)分解吸

nutrientdesorption養(yǎng)分損失

nutrientloss養(yǎng)分淋失

leachinglossofnutrient第32頁(yè)養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)化

nutrienttransformationA值

Avalue碳氮比

C/Nratio有機(jī)氮

organicnitrogen無(wú)機(jī)氮

inorganicnitrogen氮礦化

nitrogenmineralization第33頁(yè)氮轉(zhuǎn)化

nitrogentransformation水解氮

hydrolyzablenitrogen銨態(tài)氮

ammoniumnitrogen硝態(tài)氮

nitratenitrogen亞硝態(tài)氮

nitritenitrogen堿解氮

alkali-hydrolyzablenitrogen第34頁(yè)酸解氮acid-hydrolyzablenitrogen酰胺態(tài)氮amidenitrogen礦化速率mineralizationrate活性磷labilephosphorus枸溶性磷citricacidsolublephosphorus有機(jī)磷o(hù)rganicphosphorus第35頁(yè)無(wú)機(jī)磷

inorganicphosphorus鉀平衡

potassiumbalance緩效鉀

slowlyavailablepotassium礦物態(tài)鉀

mineralpotassium層間鉀

interlayerpotassium易還原態(tài)錳

labilereductionmanganese第36頁(yè)肥料

fertilizer肥料品位

fertilizergrade標(biāo)明量

declarablecontent肥料養(yǎng)分

fertilizernutrient肥料三要素

threeessentialsoffertilizer肥料分析式

fertilizeranalyticformula第37頁(yè)肥料配合式

fertilizerformula三要素比

threeessentialfertilizerratio酸性肥料

acidicfertilizer中性肥料

neutralfertilizer堿性肥料

alkalinefertilizer生理酸性肥料

physiologicalacidicfertilizer第38頁(yè)生理中性肥料

physiologicalneutralfertilizer生理堿性肥料

physiologicalalkalinefertilizer速效肥料

readilyavailablefertilizer遲效肥料

delayedavailablefertilizer緩釋肥料

slow-releasefertilizer固體肥料

solidfertilizer第39頁(yè)懸浮肥料suspensionfertilizer顆粒肥料granularfertilizer液體肥料liquidfertilizer氣體肥料gaseousfertilizer,gasfertilizer螯合肥料chelatefertilizer包膜肥料coatedfertilizer第40頁(yè)葉面肥料foliarfertilizer肥料調(diào)理劑fertilizerconditioner肥料添加劑fertilizeradditive肥料填料fertilizerfiller肥料溶解度f(wàn)ertilizersolubility肥料養(yǎng)分溶解度solubilityoffertilizernutrient第41頁(yè)肥料運(yùn)用率utilizationrateoffertilizer無(wú)機(jī)肥料inorganicfertilizer商品肥料commercialfertilizer單質(zhì)肥料straightfertilizer氮肥nitrogenousfertilizer銨態(tài)氮肥ammoniumnitrogenfertilizer第42頁(yè)硝態(tài)氮肥nitratenitrogenfertilizer硝銨態(tài)氮肥

ammoniumandnitratenitrogenfertilizer酰胺態(tài)氮肥amidenitrogenfertilizer氰氨態(tài)氮肥cyanamidenitrogenfertilizer緩釋氮肥slow-releasenitrogenfertilizer有機(jī)緩釋氮肥organicslow-releasenitrogenfertilizer第43頁(yè)尿酶克制劑ureaseinhibitor磷肥phosphaticfertilizer濕法磷肥wet-processphosphaticfertilizer熱法磷肥

thermal-processphosphaticfertilizer水溶性磷肥

water-solublephosphaticfertilizer枸溶性磷肥citrateacidsolublephosphaticfertilizer第44頁(yè)難溶性磷肥difficultlysolublephosphaticfertilizer鉀肥potassicfertilizer鈣肥limefertilizer鎂肥magnesiumfertilizer硫肥sulfurfertilizer農(nóng)用食鹽sodiumchloride第45頁(yè)微量元素肥料micronutrientfertilizer硅肥siliceousfertilizer復(fù)合肥料compoundormixedfertilizer化成復(fù)合肥料compoundfertilizer配成復(fù)合肥料

processingcompoundfertilizer復(fù)混肥料complexfertilizer第46頁(yè)摻合肥料blendedfertilizer有機(jī)肥料organicfertilizer畜糞尿domesticanimalsmanure人糞尿nightsoil廄肥stablemanure堆肥compost第47頁(yè)漚肥waterloggedcompost沼氣肥biogasmanure秸稈肥strawmanure泥炭peat餅肥cakefertilizer腐殖酸類肥料humicfertilizer第48頁(yè)綠肥greenmanure豆科綠肥leguminousgreenmanure非豆科綠肥non-leguminousgreenmanure水生綠肥hydrophyticgreenmanure廢棄物綠肥sludgeandrefuse微生物肥料microbialmanure第49頁(yè)植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑plantgrowthregulator營(yíng)養(yǎng)診斷nutrientdiagnosis營(yíng)養(yǎng)失調(diào)nutritionaldisorder營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺少nutritiondeficiency潛在缺少hiddenhunger重疊缺少overlappingdeficiency第50頁(yè)臨界值診斷法diagnosismethodbycriticalvalue養(yǎng)分臨界值criticalvalueofnutrient診斷指標(biāo)diagnosisindex形態(tài)診斷法morphologicaldiagnosis植株化學(xué)診斷法diagnosismethodofplantchemistry葉片分析診斷法diagnosismethodofleafanalysis第51頁(yè)組織速測(cè)診斷法diagnosismethodoftissuerapidmeasurement施肥診斷法diagnosismethodoffertilization診斷施肥綜合法diagnosisandrecommendationintegratedsystem葉色診斷法diagnosismethodoffoliarcolor酶學(xué)診斷法enzymologydiagnosismethod生物培養(yǎng)診斷法diagnosismethodofbiologicalincubation第52頁(yè)顯微構(gòu)造診斷法diagnosisof

microstructure植物缺素癥hungersigninplant,nutrientdeficiencysymptominplant耕墾癥reclamationsymptom小葉癥little-leafsymptom簇葉癥rosette失綠癥chlorosis第53頁(yè)鞭尾癥whiptail焦灼癥burntsymptom灰白癥white-greysymptom腐心癥heartrot灰斑癥greyspeck白芽癥whitebud第54頁(yè)牧草痙攣癥grasstetany苦陷癥bitterpit臍腐癥blossom-endrot元素毒害elementtoxicity保護(hù)地鹽害saltconcentrationobstacleonprotectedland保護(hù)地氣體毒害gastoxicityofprotectedland第55頁(yè)施肥fertilization施肥制度f(wàn)ertilizationsystem肥料效應(yīng)fertilizerresponse肥料效應(yīng)函數(shù)fertilizerresponsefunction邊際替代率marginalrateofsubstitution邊際效應(yīng)marginaleffect第56頁(yè)邊際產(chǎn)量【記錄】marginalyield邊際產(chǎn)值marginalprofit邊際成本marginalcost邊際利潤(rùn)marginalprofit推薦施肥fertilizationrecommendation測(cè)土施肥soiltestingandfertilizerrecommendation營(yíng)養(yǎng)診斷施肥diagnosisnutrientandfertilization第57頁(yè)養(yǎng)分平衡施肥balancednutrientsfertilization飽和施肥saturatedfertilization維持施肥maintenancefertilization經(jīng)濟(jì)施肥economicfertilization施肥技術(shù)techniqueoffertilization最高產(chǎn)量施肥量maximumyieldapplicationrate第58頁(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)最佳施肥量economicoptimumapplicationrate基肥basalfertilizer深層施肥deepplacement全層施肥wholelayerfertilization分層施肥separatedlayerfertilization集中施肥concentratedfertilization第59頁(yè)撒施broadcasting種肥seedfertilizer追肥topdressing根外施肥exorootfertilization分期施肥top-dressingatdifferentstages帶狀施肥bandapplication第60頁(yè)肥料實(shí)驗(yàn)fertilizerexp