(word完整版)高考英語語法專題非謂語動(dòng)詞講解教師版

第第頁共11頁非謂語動(dòng)詞講解非謂語動(dòng)詞：a.動(dòng)詞不定式b.v-ingc.過去分詞概述：1.謂語動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動(dòng)詞2.非謂語動(dòng)詞：是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分非謂語動(dòng)詞使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞） ，又沒有連詞白^卜青況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.動(dòng)詞不定式.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種， 由不定式符號(hào)（to）加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式的形式有［一般式todo［一般式todo.進(jìn)行式tobedoing.完成式tohavedone.被動(dòng)式tobedoneIliketoreadEnglish.Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.Theworkistobedonesoon.5.完成被動(dòng)式tohavebeendoneTheboyissaidtohavebeensentohospitalyesterday.疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式What,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑問詞構(gòu)成不定式短語，這種短語在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語等成分。二.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法.作主語(1)不定式做主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。Toseeistobelieve.Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主語，將todo位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1:It+謂語+(+sb.)+時(shí)間/金錢+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybusItcostsyouonly$100amonthtocookathome.Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney句型2：It's+(+forsb)+todoIt'sourdu_o_helpthepoorItisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthecountryside.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty句型3:Itis+adj(+forsb)todosth(是形容土物的性質(zhì)的)Itis+adj(+ofsb)todosth(是形容人的品質(zhì)的)Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.ItisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelpIt'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.疑問詞+不定式作主語Whentostartremainsundecided..作賓語接不定式做賓語IwanttoknowthismatterIdon'texpecttomeetyouhere⑴常見動(dòng)詞有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,fail,manage,learn,seem,forget,want,prepare,pretend,plan,wis籌Theywanttoget(get)onthebusdidn'tthey?Hesaidhewishedtobe(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式賓語Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting.Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim.Subject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+?todosth..Wethought_it_bettertostartearly.Doyouconsider_it_betternot_to_go?.Ifeel_it_myduty_to_changeallthat.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelawknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday⑶疑問反'+未加式作賓話一常常放在這些動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語：tell,advise,show,teach,indout,decide,discuss,learn,explain …Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Thedictionarydidn'ttelltheFrenchmanhowtopronouncetheword.(4)作介詞but,except,besides^勺賓語。Can'tchoosebutdoCan'thelpbutdo/havenochoicetodoDonothingbutdo.作賓語補(bǔ)足語I'getsomeoneorepairtherecorderforyouWhatcausedhimo changehismind?v.+sb.+todoadvise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,ordewish,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：(1)在動(dòng)詞feel(一感),hear,listento(二聽),have,let,make(三使),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺)等后面的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后，必須帶to。v.+sb.+doLetsgotoThailandrightnow.(letsb.dosth.)Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.(seesb.dosth.)Theboywasseentcfalloffthetree.Heisoftenheardtosing(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmatery(cry).Todayhewasmadetocry(cry)byhisdeskmate.(makesb.dosth.)(2)help后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式可以帶 to,也可以不帶to.Ioftenhelphim(to)cleantheroom.[helpsb.(to)dosth.]Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.比較：Theprofessortoldthestudentsnowtodotheexperiment.Theprofessortoldthestudentstodotheexperiment.作定語Ihavesomethingtotellyou.（不定式彳^定語）.被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.Sheisalwaysthefirsttoanswerquestions..不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容Ihavenochancetogothere,HemadeapromisetobeagoodboyThereisnoneedtobuildadamonthesmallriver..不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?OneofthemostinterestingplacestovisitinSingaporeisBirdPark.不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞且和所修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，須加介詞Heboughtacuptodrinkwaterwith.Ihavenothingtocomplainabout.Heislookingforaroomtolivein..作狀語 不定式作狀語可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果。Icameheretoseeyou.（目的）Wewereveryexcitedohearthenews（原因）Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.（結(jié)果）（1）作目的狀語 表示謂語動(dòng)作的目的，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用inorderto+V.（原形）soasto+V（原形）但soasto不用于句首。ThestudentsavedmuchmoneyobuyanewmobilephoneHegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus=Inordertocatchthefirstbushegotupearly.Peoplehavelearnttheimportanceofkeepingabalancedditosatisfy （satisfy）theirnutritionalneeds.（2）作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，多表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語。作結(jié)果狀語的不定式通常用一般式，為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)可在不定式前加上 only.Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygoneWecamehometofindourgardenneatandtidy不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，常用于so---asto--,suchi-asto,enoughto,too-to--,onlyto…等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：ShewassolatetomisshalfofthelectureSheissuchagoodteacherastoberepectedbyallherstudentsThehouseislargeenoughtoholdtwohundredpeopleThehatistoolargetowear.Hewalkstooslowlytogetthereontime用來作原因狀語。這⑶作原因狀語。 不定式與情感類形容詞連用時(shí)，大多表示原因，用來作原因狀語。這類形容詞主要有:happy,kind,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted,dissapointed等。TheyweresurprisedtobeinformedofthenewsShewasveryhappytohearthathersonhadbeenpromoted.作表語動(dòng)詞不定式往往放在連系動(dòng)詞be的后面作表語。(1)常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征MywishistobecomeateacherYourjobtodayistocleantheplayground.TobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltoyourselfMysuggestionistoputoffthemeeting.(2)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，表小將來TheyaretomarrynextweekYouaretodelivertheseflowersbefore10疑問詞+不定式作表語Thequestioniswheretogetthemedicine.Thedifficultyishowtodothemostofworkwiththeleastofmoney.PracticeHisdreamistobeadoctor.ThenextstepistoturnontheTVThepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.Nowmytaskistofinishthecomposition.Thequestionwashowtodothejobwell.不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一《式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動(dòng)詞的ing形式(v-ing/doing)一.動(dòng)詞的ing的基本構(gòu)成Noonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idontremembvingeverbeengivenachancetodoit..v-ing的功用v-ing相當(dāng)于adj.adv.n的功能，所以，在句中可以作：主語，賓語，定語，狀語，表語，賓語補(bǔ)足語.作主語Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople'shealth.Helpingherismyduty.Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的區(qū)別。（1）V-ing形式作主語，表示一般性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。表示一次性的動(dòng)作多用不定時(shí)。Walking/Towalkisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.Towalkthere/Walkingthereisimpossible.⑵不定式作主語常用it作形式主語，v-ing作主語常位于句首。只有某些習(xí)慣用語如nouse,nogood作表語用時(shí)，才用it作其他形式主語。Itisnogood/usedoingsth.Itisawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.Itisgreatfundoingsth.ItisnousewatchingtoomuchTV.Itisnogoodtalkingtohim,becauseheneverlistens.（3）句子主語若是不定式，主語也用不定式；句子表語若是 v-ing,主語也用v-ingoToseeistobelieve./Seeingisbelieving.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall..作表語，表抽象的，一般的行為，表主語的特征、性質(zhì)和內(nèi)容。Itsoundsinteresting.Thebookseemsboring.Myjobislookingafterchildren..作賓語，既可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可以作介詞的賓語。Shesattherewithoutspeaking.以下動(dòng)詞或短語只v-ing形式作賓語：①admit（承認(rèn)），avoid（避免，躲避）,appreciate感激），consider（考慮）,enjoy（享受，喜歡）,escape（逃月,finish（完成）,keepdoing（一直做）,mind（介意）,suggest（建議），delay（耽誤），deny（否認(rèn)），excuse（原諒），practice（練習(xí)），resist（抗拒）等動(dòng)詞。Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.DoyoumindbuyingadictionaryformeontheInterne?ThelittleboyadmittedtakingawaythemoneyinthedrawerShekeptwavingtoherhusbanduntilhewasoutofsight.②can'thelp（禁不?。?giveup（放棄）,feellike（想要）,keepon（繼續(xù)）,thinkof（考慮）,setabout（著手,開始做）,dreamof（夢(mèng)見，夢(mèng)想），havedifficulty/trouble（in）（做…有困又t）,bebusy（in）（忙于），putoff（推遲）等短語。Whenmyfatherheardthenews,h圖ouldn'thelplaughing.Idonfeellikegoingtoseethefilm.Hewasbusy（in）preparinghislessons.Hekeptonworkinguntilmidnightthoughhewastied.③在下列短語中，to是介詞，后面應(yīng)用v-ing作賓語。be/getusedto,lookforwardto,devoteto,payattentionto,objectto,getdownt籌。IlookforwardtoseeinghimagainAreyouusedtolivingtherealone?④下列動(dòng)詞或短語，既可以跟v-ing作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別。表示不常性的行為后接v-ing；love,like,prefer,hate?表示4體的行為常用動(dòng)詞不定式。Ilikeswimming,butIdonliketoswimthisafternoon.但要注意，如果like,love,prefer前有would,后面擇接動(dòng)詞不定式。Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?Whatwouldyouprefertoeattonight?⑤下面幾組詞接v-ing作賓語和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語含義不同。ddoingsth.忘記已做過某事。forget.|todosth.忘記要做某事doingsth.記得做過某事remember||todosth.記得要做某事>doingsth.后悔做過某事regret4[todosth.遺憾要做某事Jddoingsth.意味著mean'〔todosth.打算做某事ddoingsth禁不住做某事can'thelp1(to)dosth.不能幫忙做某事'todosth.努力做某事try"〔doingsth試著做某事7odosth.停下來去做某事stopYdoingsth停下正在做的事情「todosth.繼續(xù)做原來的事情goon[doingsth.繼續(xù)做正在做的事⑥動(dòng)詞need,require,want作“需要”講時(shí)，以及beworth其后用v-ing的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Yourcoatwantswashing尸Yourcoatwantstobewashed.Themethodneedsimproving.Thispairofshoesrequiresmending.Thequestioniswellworthdiscussing.作賓語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充說明主語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。常跟動(dòng)詞的 -ing作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞有：①表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。常見的有 see,watch,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,catch等等。Icouldfeelmyheartbeatingfast.②使役動(dòng)詞。常見的有have,set,keep,get,leave等。Theyhadthelightburningallnight..A定語。Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegat?.作狀語,它作狀語時(shí)，通常都表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作， 用來對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作加以修飾或作為陪襯。它可以表示時(shí)間、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語從句。①表示時(shí)間。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Seeingitsmotherthebabysmiled.當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)《時(shí)，在v-ing前可以用連詞when或while.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet②表示原因。Beingill,hewenthome.③表小條件。Workinghard,youwillsucceed.④表示結(jié)果。Thesnowlastedaweekleadingtoaserioustrafficjaminthewholearea.⑤表示伴隨，v-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。它沒有相應(yīng)的狀語從句代替。ShesatatthedeskeadinganewspaperTheywalkedonthewayhome,singingandlaughing.三.v-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)v-ing前可以加一個(gè)物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個(gè)v-ing的邏輯上的主語，構(gòu)成v-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或v-ing短語。.v-ing復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)一般用名詞所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞。Nixon'visitingChinamarkedanewyearbetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous..在口語和非正式語體中，只要不是作主語，v-ing復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語常采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格。Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.DoyoumindJack's/Jackleavingnow?I'mafraidofthetentfallingdown.過去分詞過去分詞相當(dāng)于adj.和adv.的功能，所以，它可以作定語，狀語，賓語補(bǔ)足語和表語。過去分詞的用法，一是表完成，二是表被動(dòng)。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞以-ed結(jié)尾構(gòu)成,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞變化見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。1.作定語：過去分詞作定語，如果是單個(gè)的詞，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。如果是過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后。abrokencup一只打破的杯子（被動(dòng)）spokenEnglish口語（被動(dòng)）aretiredworker退休的工人（完成）badly-builthouse修得很差的房子（完成）newly-arrivedvisitors新來的參觀者（完成）well-behavedchildren表現(xiàn)好的孩子（完成）注意：過去分詞作定語與v-ing形式，動(dòng)詞不定式作定語的區(qū)別?！竧herisensun已升起的太陽（完成）therisingsun正在上升的太陽（進(jìn)行）「thefallenleaves落在地上的葉子（完成）1thefallingleaves正在飄落的葉子（進(jìn)行）廣HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun?Haveyouseenthepersorwritingthebook?Ihaveanimportantlettertowrite.,Thebridgebuiltin1950,brokedownyesterday.Theworkershavingbuiltthebridgehavelefthere.Theworkerstobuildthebridgearefrommountainousareas.I2.作表語Thecupisbroken.（表被動(dòng)，完成）Heisretired.（完成）注意過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.皴動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作）Thelibraryisnowclosed.（過去分詞作表語）注意過去分詞作表語與v-ing形式作表語的區(qū)別。interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其過去分詞來修飾人，用v-ing形式來修飾物。ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.WWeareexcitedatthenews.Thenewshetoldusisexciting.3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語：過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，和賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要注意與動(dòng)詞不定式、v-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。能夠接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞：（1）表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等?！窱heardthesongsunginEnglish。Iheardhersingingthesongintheclassroom.Iheardhersingthesongyesterday.1Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.Wefoundhimlyingontheground.一（2）表示“使，致使”意義的詞。如:have,make,get,keep,leaver0I'lhavemyhaircuttomorrow.Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.Don'tleavethosethingsundone4.作狀語，表被動(dòng)，完成的動(dòng)作，和句子主語之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.注意：與動(dòng)詞不定式、v-ing形式作狀語的區(qū)別。"Seenfromthetopofthetowerthefactorylooksbeautiful.Seeingfromthetopofthetowerwecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Hearing/heard)thebadnewstheycouldnthelpcryingientheyheardthebadnews)(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayawordBeingsoangryhecouldn'tgotosleep.(Becausehewassoangry)Theycameintotheclassroomsingingandlaughing.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)with+復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)with+名詞/代詞+形容詞Don'tspeawithyourmouthfull.with+名詞/代詞+副詞Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthanevewiththelightson.with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarmswith+名詞/代詞+v-ingShefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.with+名詞/代詞+不定式Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.with+名詞/代詞+-en分詞Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.Exercisesofnon-finiteverbsInsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeansforanotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaitingBoys,don'tforgetthewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose3.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedonabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restRememberthelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoffTonylentmethemoney,thatI'ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghopedIrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelockedWhen forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.askedC.havingaskedD.tobeaskedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.TobeaskedWe'rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemade B.beingmadeC.made D.havingbeenmadeThepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.ApermittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permitFilmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhensuchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedto B.comparingtoC.compareto D.comparedtoOnelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandthem.A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correctingwithcare,onetin(1)willlastforsixweeks.A.Use B.Using C.Used D.Touseatthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.A.KnockB.KnockingC.KnockedD.ToknockChinarecentlytighteneditswaters(海域，近海)controlsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfromintheSouthChinaSea.A.attacking B.havingattackingC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattackedPressedfromhisparents,andthathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealizedinalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.StandIfhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebutanevengreaterchallenge.A.meets B.meetingC.meet D.tomeet【解析】動(dòng)詞不定式常作連詞but,except,besides的賓語。如果這些介詞前有do的任何形式，后面就省掉to.常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：can'tchoosebutdocan"thelpbutdo不得不，只得 J〔havenochoicebutdododonothingbutdoSeeingtheroomcrowded,IhadnochoicebuttostandinthedarkSeeingtheroomcrowded,IcoulddonothingbutstandinthedarkWhatdoyouliketodobesidesplayfootball?Theydidn'topentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlythathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingto