民辦非企業(yè)合法性英文

AliteraturereviewonTheConstructionofLegitimacyoftheCivilNon-enterpriseUnitsSummary:Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofthedomesticeconomy,thecorrespondingproblemswithsocialundertakingshavegraduallyarousedtheattentionofallsectorsofsociety.Howtoallowthebroadmassestosharethefruitsofthereformandopening-upandrealizeanewlookofaharmonioussocietywheretheoldcanbeprovidedfor,theyoungcanbetaught,thepopulacesicknesshaveamedicineandthedisasterscanbesaved.Theyarealsothegoalswehavebeenpursuingtogether.Thecivilnon-enterpriseunitsarethecarriersofthesocialundertakings,bearingtheimportantmissionsofservingthepeopleandcreatingsocialvalue.Sotheconstructionofitslegitimacyrelatestotheprocessofsocialundertakingsandtheconstructionofaharmonioussociety.Thisarticleisaliteraturereviewofaresearchtopicofmine,whichselectsthecivilnon-enterpriseunitsastheresearchobject.Inthearticle,Iusedtheapproachesofsocialworktoanalyzethecurrentsituationofthelegitimacyandstudiesthereasonsforthelossofthelegitimacyfromtheperspectivesofgovernmentalpoliciesandthecivilnon-enterpriseunits'ownandsociallevels.Italsoraisesthegoaloftheconstitutionofpolicylegitimacy,sociallegitimacy,marketinglegitimacyandtechnologylegitimacyandformstheapproachestotheconstructionofthelegitimacyofcivilnon-enterpriseunitsatlast.Sincetheexistingtimeofthecivilnon-enterpriseunitsisrelativelyshortandtheresearchesonitslegitimacyisrelativelyfewinourcountry,Ihopethatthisarticlecanenrichthestudiesinthisfield,provideguidingadviceonthedevelopmentofthecivilnon-enterpriseunitsandplayaminorroleindomesticsocialundertakings.Keywords:thecivilnon-enterpriseunits,legitimacy,construction,literaturereviewThispapermadeastudyaroundAnalyzetheCivilNon-enterpriseUnits'LivingConditionsandDevelopingDirectionsfromthePerspectiveofLegitimacy.Ihavebrowseddozensofarticlesrelatedtothisresearchsubjectanddownloadedoverthirtyarticlesaboutthestudyoftheconstructionofthecivilnon-enterpriseunitstostudy.Ialsohavereferredtotenmoremonographs.Fromthereadingofessaysandmonographs,Ilearnedthedefinitionoflegitimacyandoutlinedcivilnon-enterpriseunits'legitimacyintofourparts:policylegitimacy,sociallegitimacy,marketinglegitimacyandtechnologylegitimacy;pointoutthatlegalornotiscloselyandnecessarilyrelatedtocivilnon-enterpriseunitsexistenceanddevelopment;thestudyofthecivilnon-enterpriseunitsprovidessomeadviceonthedevelopmentofcivilinstitutionsandofferssupportingmaterialsforthegovernmentdepartmentstodeveloppoliciesandadministrativedepartmenttocarryonadministrationwork.Owingtothefactthatthegoldenageofcivilnon-enterpriseunits'developmentisafter2000,researchesonthesubjectathomeandabroadisrelativelyfew,mostofwhicharefocusedonthelegitimacyofcivilorganizationandNGO.SothereferencesofthisarticlearemainlyaboutthemainbodyofthelegitimacyofcivilorganizationandNGO.One,whatisthelegitimacyofthecivilnon-enterpriseunitsXieHaiding,aresearcherinChineseAcademyofsocialscience,madeadetailedreviewoncivilorganizationsandtheconceptionofitslegalityinthedilemmaofcivilorganizationsinChina(researchonlawsNo.2,2004).Heconsidersthatlegitimacyhastwomeanings,namely”accordingtothelaw”and“rationality";Hemainlystudiesthe“accordingtothelaw”ofthecivilorganization.Hethinksthatreasonsforthe“accordingtothelaw”dilemmaofthecivilorganizationarethelawenforcementandlegislation.Heowesthelossof“accordingtothelaw”tohighcostoflawenforcementandtheinappropriatenessoflegislation.GaoBingzhongputsocialorganizationsintofourtypesinthelegitimacyproblemsofsocialorganizations(SocialSciencesinChina,No.2,2000).Theyaresociallegitimacy,administrativelegitimacy,politicallegitimacyandlawlegitimacy.Hebelievesthatallsocialorganizationshavethesetwokindsoflegitimacies,ortheydonotexist.Severalcontradictoryorderscoexistinthesociety.Thesocietyiscertaintohaveadefaultmechanismthatiscontentwithcompromise.Endlesspotentialproblemscallforourfurtherinvestigation;ZhangQingpointsoutthatlegitimacyisthenatureandconditionthatsocialorderandauthorityareconsciouslyadmittedandobeyedinResearchonChinesesocialorganizations(People'sPublishingHouse,thefirsteditioninDecember,2008).Thehigheroflegitimacy,thebetterofgovernance.Fromtheperspectiveofsocialorganizations,thehigherlegitimacyofsocialorganizations,themoreimportantroleitwillplayinsocialservice.Thebooksaysthatthepositiveinteractionbetweengovernmentalandcivilsocialorganizationsisanimportantsymbolofforminganewcooperativegovernancemodel;Two,what’sthecurrentsituationofChinesecivilnon-enterpriseunits’legalityThereisseveredeficiencyinChinesecivilnon-enterpriseunits’namesandsystemsofnorms.Thecivilnon-enterpriseunitsneedtobeconsideredaslegalandcompleteeconomylawentities.Itsnameshouldbereplacedby“people-runinstitutions".Itshouldalsobeconstructedandimprovedineconomylawentityandeconomicregulationinordertoachieveitslegitimacy.(ZhaoKexue,Ontheconstructionandimprovementofthelawsystemofcivilnon-enterpriseunits,researchonlaws,March,2011).ShunBinanalysesthenatureandinstitutionalframeworkofthecivilnon-enterpriseunitsinDoubtAbouttheCivilNon-enterpriseUnits.(HebeiLawScience,October,2008).Hepointsoutthatthereisnoconceptoflegalbodyoffinancialgroupandnon-profitgroupinChinanow.Thelegalnatureofthecivilnon-enterpriseunitscanbedefinedas“Legalpersonthatisnonprofit'.Theyallneedthenonprofitrulesasthebaseofsystemreorganization；ChenHongboandTangXinglisaysthatthegovernment'soverstrictnesswithnonprofitinstitutionsandthenonprofitinstitutionsweakself-constructioncapacityarethemainreasonsforthedeficiencyoflegitimacyinOntheCrisisofLegitimacyofChineseNonprofitInstitutions.(JournalofSiChuanAdministrationCollege,No.3,2003)Ifthenonprofitinstitutionswanttogaintheutmostdevelopment,itmusthavefulllegitimacy.Themanagementofthegovernmenttowardsnonprofitinstitutionsshouldalsostepintolegaltrack.Thepoliticalnatureshouldbeweakenedandthesocialnatureshouldbestrengthenedgradually;Three,what’sthereasonforthedeficiencyoflegitimacyofthecivilnon-enterpriseunitsItiswidelybelievedintheacademiathatthedirectreasonfortheinsufficientdevelopmentofthecivilnon-enterpriseunitsisnotenoughattention.Therootcauseistheinsufficientinstitutionalsupplies.Itisnecessarytoadjustthesystemsaround“people-run”and"non-governmental”onthebasisofdefiningtheprinciplesofsystemconstructioninordertoachievethereturnoflegitimacyofthecivilnon-enterpriseunits(ZhaoLibo,CivilNon-enterpriseUnits:CurrentSituation,ProblemsandDevelopment,ChinesePublicAdministration,No.9,2008).GaoWenwengivesadetailedoverviewofthehistoryofthe"legitimacy"ofNGOinResearchesandStudiesontheProblemsoftheNGOLegitimacy(EstateandScienceTribune,11,No.4,2012).Hesaysthatboth”accordingtothelaw”and"rationality"meanthatorganizationsshouldbuildthestructureandbehavioraccordingtotherulesofpopularacceptanceandrecognition;Hesaysthatthemainreasonforthelossof“l(fā)egality”istheimperfectionsofthelegalandinstitutionalenvironment;Itisobviousthatthegovernmentoverstrictnesswithnonprofitinstitutionsandthenonprofitinstitutions'weakself-constructioncapacityarethemainreasonsforthedeficiencyoflegality.Ifthenonprofitinstitutionswanttogaintheutmostdevelopment,itmusthavefulllegitimacy.Themanagementofthegovernmenttowardsnonprofitinstitutionsshouldalsostepintolegaltrack.Thepoliticalnatureshouldbeweakenedandthesocialnatureshouldbestrengthenedgradually.(ChenHongbo,TangXingliOntheCrisisofLegitimacyofChineseNonprofitInstitutions.(JournalofSiChuanAdministrationCollege,No,2003).Four,howtoconstructthelegalityofthe(rionlenterpriseunitsWangZhanlei,HuoYanli,andAnJianzengdemonstratethatthelegitimacyofNGOshouldbeachievedbytheconstitutionofpolicylegitimacy,sociallegitimacy,marketinglegitimacythroughthe"non-governmentalorganization'slegitimacyrelationschart”.NGO'slegitimacyshouldbereconstructedfromtheaspectsofsystem,cultureandorganizationinordertoachievetheimprovementofsystems,thesupportofcultureandtheguaranteeoforganizations.WangFushousetsanexampleofcivilnon-enterpriseunitsinJiMo,ShanDongprovinceinTheCurrentSituation,ProblemsandDevelopmentofCivilNon-enterpriseUnits.(JournalofQingdaoAdministrationCollege,No.10,2008).Hepointsoutthatitisneededtostrengthentheadvocationstoimprovethesociety'sawarenesstothecivilnon-enterpriseunits;Itisneededtoenhancetheprofessionaltrainingtoimprovethequalitiesofthestaffincivilnon-enterpriseunits;Itisneededtotrytobuyservicetomakeadvancedcivilnon-enterpriseunitssetrolemodelsforothers;Itisneededtoincreaseevaluationeffortstoformamanagementwheredepartmentsrelatedmakeconcertedefforts;ZhaoYongsaysthatifwewanttopromotethedevelopmentsofthecivilnon-enterpriseunitsandmakethemplayaroleintheharmonioussocialistsociety,wemuststartfromthefollowingsixaspects:thecivilnon-enterpriseunitsshouldhaveequaltreatmentpoliciesassimilarinstitutions;weshouldreformthemanagementsystemandcarryoutdirectregistersystem;weshouldincreasetaxsupportandprovideinternalmotivationforcivilnon-enterpriseunits;weshouldincrease“thegovernmentalpurchases";weshouldestablishtheincubatorofthecivilnon-enterpriseunits;weshouldperfectthegovernmentstructure.Researchonselfdisciplineandhonestyproblemsofcivilnon-enterpriseunits(ChinaBusinessPress,thefirsteditioninJuly,2007)publishedbynationalcivilsocietyorganizationadministrationsummarizestheproblemsthatshouldbepaidattentionintherespectsoflegislativenormalizing,internalgovernancestructure,assessmentofhonesty,creditrewardingandpunishingsystem,creditratingandreleasesystem,disclosuresystemofinformation,commitmentandserviceproblems,waysofsupervisingmanaging,accountingsystemsandsoon.Itsaysthathonestyandselfdisciplinearethetwonecessarybasicqualitiesforthecivilnon-enterpriseunits;Throughtheabovedescriptions,itiseasyforustodiscoverthat:Withtheestablishmentofsocialistmarketeconomyandtheimprovementofsocialistdemocracy,thedevelopmentofcivilnon-enterpriseunitsiscloselyrelatedtotheconstructionofsocialismharmonioussociety,whichisanimportantproblemintheconstructionandthemanagementofsocialorganizations.Thelegalityofcivilnon-enterpriseunitshasbecomearesearchfocusinacademia.Sincereformandopeningup,ourcountry'ssocialundertakingshavedevelopedfast.Ournationchangedthewaythatdoeverythingaboutsocialundertakingsandencouragedsocialforcesandprivatecapitaltothetraditionalfieldofsocialundertakings.Privatepublicinstitutionshaveobtainedconsiderabledevelopment.WiththeissuingofCPCCentralCommittee'simportantdocumentsandpoliciessuchasSuggestionsontheStrengtheningofBuildingtheSocialWorktalents,whichmakesthedevelopmentofcivilnon-enterpriseunitsobtainpolicysupportsanditsspeedofdevelopmenthasimprovedalot.Withitexposedthedoubtsofcivilnon-enterpriseunits'legality.Wecanseefromtheliteratu